EP0777081B1 - Premix burner - Google Patents

Premix burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0777081B1
EP0777081B1 EP96810738A EP96810738A EP0777081B1 EP 0777081 B1 EP0777081 B1 EP 0777081B1 EP 96810738 A EP96810738 A EP 96810738A EP 96810738 A EP96810738 A EP 96810738A EP 0777081 B1 EP0777081 B1 EP 0777081B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
premix burner
burner according
interior space
air
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96810738A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0777081A3 (en
EP0777081A2 (en
Inventor
Klaus Dr. Döbbeling
Adnan Dr. Eroglu
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Wolfgang Dr. Polifke
Dieter Winkler
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
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Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication of EP0777081A3 publication Critical patent/EP0777081A3/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D14/00Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Document EP-A-0 629 817 discloses a premix burner a perforated plate for introducing fresh air into the combustion chamber with the effect over the entire axial length of the perforated Plate to achieve an even ranch gas admixture.
  • a burner which essentially consists of a cylindrical chamber, which in turn has several tangentially arranged slots, through which the combustion air inside the chamber flows.
  • these slots at the transition to the interior the chamber, act in the axial direction a number of Fuel nozzles, through which preferably a gaseous one Fuel mixed with the combustion air flowing through there becomes.
  • the interior of the chamber is also with provided a conical body, which is in the direction of flow tapered, being conical in the area of the tip Body more fuel nozzles for one preferably liquid fuel are provided. Downstream from the top of the cone the combustion air becomes ignition for this body brought.
  • the flow in the chamber must itself be subcritical, i.e. the twist count must be here be so small that there is no vortex burst.
  • the critical swirl number can be corrected by three parameters Reaching the place: By changing the width of the tangential slots, and on the other hand by an adjustment the angle of the conical body inside the chamber and by adding a central supporting air, it is swirled or untwisted. Due to the fuel injection in the area of the slots, these are severely limited in their design.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies the basis for a premix burner of the type mentioned Way to improve the quality of the mixture and the risk of reignition to eliminate during the whole operation.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that that the improvement in all spin-stabilized premix burners, especially among those who avail themselves the critical swirl number to form a backflow zone work, lets apply that on the principle two or more staggered partial shells are constructed, the offset partial shells air inlet slots form the parallel, opening or closing to the burner axis run.
  • FIG. 2 or 3 In order to better understand the structure of the premix burner 1 it is advantageous if also FIG. 2 or 3 can be used. Furthermore, not unnecessary to Fig. 1 The supply channels 11c are confusing and 12c according to FIG. 2 or 3 have not been shown in more detail. in the the following will be as needed in the description of FIG. 1 referred to the remaining FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the premix burner according to FIG. 1 consists of two hollow partial shells 11, 12 which are nested in one another offset from one another (cf. FIG. 2).
  • the offset of the respective central axis or longitudinal axis of symmetry 11b, 12b (see FIG. 2) to one another creates a tangential air inlet slot 11a, 12a on both sides, in a mirror-image arrangement, through which a combustion mixture 15 is formed in one of the partial shells 11, 12 Interior 20 of the premix burner 1 flows.
  • the configuration of these air inlet slots 11a, 12a is discussed in more detail below.
  • the shells 11, 12 mentioned are cylindrical in the direction of flow.
  • the flow cross section formed by the interior 20 can, however, be designed to decrease or increase in the flow direction, depending on the application, regularly or irregularly.
  • a flow cross-section of the interior 20 designed as a venturi tube in the flow direction is to serve as an example here.
  • the design options mentioned are not shown in any more detail, since they are readily apparent to the person skilled in the art.
  • Arranged in the interior 20 is a conical inner body 13, which tapers in the direction of flow, extends far into the interior 20 and largely tapers out.
  • the conical configuration of this inner body 13 is not limited to the shape shown: An outer shape of this inner body 13 as a diffuser or confuser is also possible.
  • the inner body 13 is traversed by at least one bore 14, through which a liquid fuel 16 is preferably directed into the front area.
  • the injection of the liquid fuel 16 in the area of the tip of the inner body 13 forms the head stage of the premix burner 1.
  • the inner body 13 can easily be supplemented with a swirl generator, not shown in the figure, which supports the mixing of the injected fuel 16.
  • the flow cross-section of the interior 20 experiences a cross-sectional jump via a front wall 17, the cross-section of which then forms the flow cross-section of the flame tube 21.
  • the front wall 17 itself has a number of bores through which dilution air or cooling air 19 is fed to the front area of the combustion chamber 22 as required.
  • the combustion mixture 15 consists of air and fuel (see FIG. 2).
  • the combustion mixture 15 can also contain portions of a recirculated exhaust gas or an amount of steam. It generally applies that within the cross-sectional jump in the area of the front wall 17 a flow-like edge zone is formed, in which vortex detachments occur due to the negative pressure prevailing there, which in turn support flame stabilization.
  • the previously mentioned dilution air or cold air 19 is admixed.
  • the combustion mixture 15 flowing tangentially into the interior 20 creates a swirl of the medium around the inner body 13.
  • a vortex burst occurs, a homogeneous fuel concentration depending on the formation of the tangential air inlet slots or on the installation of vortex generators in the area of the air inlet slots.
  • the ignition takes place at the top of the return flow zone 18: only at this point can a stable flame front arise.
  • a backlash of the flame into the interior 20 of the premix burner 1, as is always latent in the case of the premixing sections which have become known, while remedial action is sought there with complicated flame holders is not to be feared here for the reasons mentioned.
  • combustion air is additionally preheated or enriched with one of the media mentioned, this supports the evaporation of the liquid fuel 16 brought in through the inner body 13.
  • the inner body 13 With designing the inner body 13 with regard to the conical configuration and the width of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, there are narrow limits to be observed so that the desired flow field, ie the critical swirl number, of the combustion mixture 15 can be set at the outlet of the interior 20.
  • the axial speed of the combustion mixture 15 within the interior 20 of the premix burner 1 can be changed by supplying an axial combustion air flow (not shown in more detail).
  • the design of the premix burner 1 is furthermore excellently suitable for changing the size of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, so that a relatively large operating bandwidth can be recorded without changing the overall length of the premix burner 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows the configuration of the nested Partial shells 11, 12.
  • the partial shells 11, 12 can also be moved relative to one another via this plane, i.e. it is readily possible to overlap them in the Area of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a accomplish.
  • the tangential Air inlet slots 11a, 12a each form the outlet opening a feed channel 11c, 12c, in which detached from the interior 20, the combustion mixture 15 is formed before it flows into this interior 20.
  • the feed channels 11c, 12c In enough Distance upstream of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, the feed channels 11c, 12c have vortex generators 11d, 12d on the air flowing in there 23 swirl integrally. At a reasonable distance downstream this vortex generator 11d, 12d, the injection of one is preferred gaseous fuel 24 made, with what then along the remaining route of the feed channels 11c, 12c can form the desired air / fuel mixture before this as a combustion mixture 15 in integrally the same Consistency over the entire length of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a flows into the interior 20.
  • the feed channels 11c, 12c shown have a largely cylindrical shape, its length and flow cross-section designed for optimal air / fuel premixing are.
  • the one to be formed within the feed channels 11c, 12c Flow must be designed so that from the interior 20, if the flame front becomes unstable, There is no risk of reignition: due to the arrangement shown the vortex generator 11d, 12d opposite the fuel injection 24 there is no risk of reignition. On the transfer the central axes 11b, 12b have already been shown in FIG. 1 discussed in more detail.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in contrast to FIG. 2, feed channels, which are at a reasonable distance from the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a have a venturi mixer 25a, 25b.
  • the fuel injection 24 is at the narrowest point performed. There is also the greatest speed which ensures the best possible mixture formation is, again with the exclusion of a risk of reignition. Otherwise, the structure of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 largely corresponds to Fig. 1, here the inner body 13 expanded centrally with a stream of supporting air 26 which is a further measure to create the critical Swirl number in the right place.
  • the number of shells are not on two limited. A larger number can be used without further ado. Becomes a spiral inlet of the combustion mixture 15 sought in the interior 20, this can be done easily through a single tangential air inlet slot to reach.
  • Consists of the premix burner to be formed by the shells a connected pipe, so the tangential Injection into the interior through duct-like bushings through the wall thickness of this pipe.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Vormischbrenner gemäss Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Magere vorgemischte Verbrennung ist ein verbreitetes Verfahren zum Erreichen niedriger Schadstoff-Emissionen, insbesondere Stickoxid-Emissionen, bei der Verbrennung von Brennstoffen mit geringem Gehalt an Stickstoffverbindungen. Aus Publikationen ist bekanntgeworden, dass mit Experimentalbrennern durch Verbesserung der Mischungsgüte von Luft und Brennstoff eine weitere Verringerung der Stickoxid-Emissionen, insbesondere bei der Verbrennung unter hohem Druck, wie dies bei Gasturbinen der Fall ist, möglich ist. Eine Uebertragung solcher Experimentalbrenner auf die Maschinentechnologie ist jedoch nicht ohne weiteres möglich, da hier hohe Anforderungen bezüglich Flammenstabilisierung und Rückzündsicherheit bestehen. Herkömmliche drallstabilisierte und maschinentaugliche Vormischbrenner mischen den Brennstoff erst kurz vor der Flammenzone in die Verbrennungsluft ein. Untersuchungen in diesem Zusammenhang haben ergeben, dass hiermit noch keine homogene Vermischung von Luft und Brennstoff bis zur Flammenzone erreicht werden kann. Eine Verlegung der Brennstoffeindüsung stromauf zur Verlängerung der Mischungszeit und damit Verbesserung der Mischungsgüte ist wegen der damit verbundenen Rückzündungsgefahr in einem maschinentauglichen Brenner nicht zugelassen.Lean premixed combustion is a common procedure to achieve low pollutant emissions, in particular Nitric oxide emissions when burning fuels with a low content of nitrogen compounds. From publications has become known that with experimental burners by improving the mixing quality of air and fuel a further reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions, in particular when burning under high pressure like this Gas turbines the case is possible. A transfer of such However, experimental burner on machine technology is not easily possible because of the high demands regarding flame stabilization and reignition safety. Conventional spin-stabilized and machine-compatible Premix burners only mix the fuel shortly before Flame zone into the combustion air. Investigations in this connection has shown that none homogeneous mixing of air and fuel up to the flame zone can be achieved. Relocation of the fuel injection upstream to extend the mixing time and thus Improvement in the mix quality is due to this Risk of reignition in a machine-compatible burner not allowed.

Dokument EP-A-0 629 817 offenbart einen Vormischbrenner mit einer Lochplatte zur Einbringung von Frischluft in den Brennraum mit dem Effekt über die ganze axialen Länge der perforierten Platte eine gleichmäßige Ranchgas- Zumischung zu erreichen.Document EP-A-0 629 817 discloses a premix burner a perforated plate for introducing fresh air into the combustion chamber with the effect over the entire axial length of the perforated Plate to achieve an even ranch gas admixture.

Aus WO 93/17279 ist ein Brenner bekanntgeworden, der im wesentlichen aus einer zylindrischen Kammer besteht, welche ihrerseits mehrere tangential angeordnete Schlitze auf weist, durch welche die Verbrennungsluft ins Innere der Kammer strömt. Im Bereich dieser Schlitze, am Uebergang zum Innenraum der Kammer, wirken in axialer Richtung eine Reihe von Brennstoffdüsen, durch welche vorzugsweise ein gasförmiger Brennstoff der dort durchströmenden Verbrennungsluft beigemischt wird. Der Innenraum der Kammer ist des weiteren mit einem kegelförmigen Körper versehen, der sich in Strömungsrichtung verjüngt, wobei im Bereich der Spitze dieses kegelförmigen Körpers weitere Brennstoffdüsen für einen vorzugsweise flüssigen Brennstoff vorgesehen sind. Stromab der Kegelspitze dieses Körpers wird die Verbrennungsluft zur Zündung gebracht. Um die Flamme ausserhalb der Vormischstrecke des Brenners stabil zu halten, muss die Strömung in der Kammer selbst unterkritisch sein, d.h., die Drallzahl muss hier so klein sein, dass es zu keinem Wirbelaufplatzen kommt. Die kritische Drallzahl lässt sich durch drei Parameter am richtigen Ort erreichen: Durch eine Veränderung der Breite der tangentialen Schlitze, und andererseits durch eine Anpassung des Winkels des kegeligen Körpers im Innenraum der Kammer und durch Zugabe einer zentralen Stützluft, sei sie verdrallt oder unverdrallt. Durch die Brennstoffeindüsung im Bereich der Schlitze sind diese in ihrer Auslegung aber stark eingeschränkt. Darüber hinaus lässt sich eine optimale homogene Vermischung von Luft und Brennstoff nicht unmittelbar erreichen, dies gilt insbesondere für jene Brennstoffeindüsungen, die sich am Ende des Brenners befinden, und die sich demnach im unmittelbaren Bereich der Ebene der Flammenfront befinden, womit durch diese Nähe überdies eine latente Rückzündungsgefahr besteht.From WO 93/17279 a burner has become known, which essentially consists of a cylindrical chamber, which in turn has several tangentially arranged slots, through which the combustion air inside the chamber flows. In the area of these slots, at the transition to the interior the chamber, act in the axial direction a number of Fuel nozzles, through which preferably a gaseous one Fuel mixed with the combustion air flowing through there becomes. The interior of the chamber is also with provided a conical body, which is in the direction of flow tapered, being conical in the area of the tip Body more fuel nozzles for one preferably liquid fuel are provided. Downstream from the top of the cone the combustion air becomes ignition for this body brought. Around the flame outside the premixing section To keep the burner stable, the flow in the chamber must itself be subcritical, i.e. the twist count must be here be so small that there is no vortex burst. The critical swirl number can be corrected by three parameters Reaching the place: By changing the width of the tangential slots, and on the other hand by an adjustment the angle of the conical body inside the chamber and by adding a central supporting air, it is swirled or untwisted. Due to the fuel injection in the area of the slots, these are severely limited in their design. In addition, an optimal homogeneous Do not immediately achieve air and fuel mixing, this applies in particular to those fuel injections which are at the end of the burner and which are accordingly in the immediate area of the plane of the flame front, with this proximity also a latent risk of reignition consists.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Vormischbrenner der eingangs genannten Art die Mischungsgüte zu verbessern, und die Rückzündungsgefahr während des ganzen Betriebes zu eliminieren.The invention seeks to remedy this. The invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies the basis for a premix burner of the type mentioned Way to improve the quality of the mixture and the risk of reignition to eliminate during the whole operation.

Der wesentliche Vorteil der Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass sich die Verbesserung bei allen drallstabilisierten Vormischbrennern, insbesondere bei denjenigen, die unter Inanspruchnahme der kritischen Drallzahl zur Bildung einer Rückströmzone funktionieren, anwenden lässt, die nach dem Prinzip zweier oder mehrerer versetzter Teilschalen aufgebaut sind, wobei die versetzten Teilschalen Lufteinströmungsschlitze bilden, die parallel, öffnend oder schliessend zur Brennerachse verlaufen.The main advantage of the invention is that that the improvement in all spin-stabilized premix burners, especially among those who avail themselves the critical swirl number to form a backflow zone work, lets apply that on the principle two or more staggered partial shells are constructed, the offset partial shells air inlet slots form the parallel, opening or closing to the burner axis run.

Dasselbe gilt auch für jene Brenner, bei welchen die Aussenschale aus einem einheitlichen Körper in Form eines Rohres besteht, und die Lufteinströmung ins Innere durch eine Anzahl von tangential angeordneten Kanälen geschieht.The same applies to those burners where the outer shell is used from a single body in the form of a tube exists, and the air inflow inside by a number of tangentially arranged channels.

Vorteilhafte und zweckmässige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Aufgabenlösung sind in den weiteren Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the inventive Task solutions are characterized in the other claims.

Im folgenden wird anhand der Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Alle für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung nicht erforderlichen Elemente sind fortgelassen worden. Die Strömungsrichtung der Medien ist mit Pfeilen angegeben. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the following, exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings the invention explained in more detail. All for immediate understanding are not necessary elements of the invention been left out. The direction of flow of the media is with Arrows indicated. The same elements are in the different Figures with the same reference numerals.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung eines Vormischbrenners, mit versetzten Teilschalen und einem kegelförmigen Innenkörper,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch den Vormischbrenner längs Ebene II.-II. aus Fig. 1, wobei der Vormischbrenner verlängernde Kanäle mit Wirbelerzeugern stromauf der Lufteintrittsschlitze aufweist,
Fig. 3
eine weitere Darstellung gemäss Fig. 2, wobei die verlängernden Kanäle mit einem Venturimischer ausgestattet sind und
Fig. 4
einen weiteren Vormischbrenner, im wesentlichen nach Fig. 1, jedoch mit einer zentralen Stützluft.
It shows:
Fig. 1
1 shows a schematic representation of a premix burner with offset partial shells and a conical inner body,
Fig. 2
a section through the premix burner along plane II.-II. 1, the premix burner having channels extending with vortex generators upstream of the air inlet slots,
Fig. 3
a further representation according to FIG. 2, wherein the extending channels are equipped with a venturi mixer and
Fig. 4
another premix burner, essentially according to FIG. 1, but with a central supporting air.

Wege zur Ausführung der Erfindung, gewerbliche VerwendbarkeitWAYS OF IMPLEMENTING THE INVENTION, INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Um den Aufbau des Vormischbrenners 1 besser zu verstehen, ist es von Vorteil, wenn gleichzeitig zu Fig. 1 auch Fig. 2 oder 3 herangezogen werden. Des weiteren, um Fig. 1 nicht unnötig unübersichtlich zu gestalten, sind die Zuführungskanäle 11c und 12c gemäss Fig. 2 oder 3 nicht näher gezeigt worden. Im folgenden wird bei der Beschreibung von Fig. 1 nach Bedarf auf die restlichen Fig. 2 und 3 hingewiesen. In order to better understand the structure of the premix burner 1 it is advantageous if also FIG. 2 or 3 can be used. Furthermore, not unnecessary to Fig. 1 The supply channels 11c are confusing and 12c according to FIG. 2 or 3 have not been shown in more detail. in the the following will be as needed in the description of FIG. 1 referred to the remaining FIGS. 2 and 3.

Der Vormischbrenner nach Fig. 1 besteht aus zwei hohlen Teilschalen 11, 12, die versetzt zueinander ineinandergeschachtelt sind (Vgl. hierzu Fig. 2). Die Versetzung der jeweiligen Mittelachse oder Längssymmetrieachse 11b, 12b (Vgl. Fig. 2) zueinander schafft auf beiden Seiten, in spiegelbildlicher Anordnung, je einen tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitz 11a, 12a frei, durch welche ein Verbrennungsgemisch 15 in einen von den Teilschalen 11, 12 gebildeten Innenraum 20 des Vormischbrenners 1 strömt. Auf die Ausgestaltung dieser Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a wird unten näher eingegangen. Die genannten Schalen 11, 12 verlaufen in Strömungsrichtung zylindrisch.
Der vom Innenraum 20 gebildeten Durchflussquerschnitt kann indessen in Strömungsrichtung, je nach Einsatz, regelmässig oder unregelmässig abnehmend oder zunehmend ausgestaltet sein. Als Beispiel soll hier ein in Strömungsrichtung als Venturirohr ausgebildeter Durchflussquerschnitt des Innenraumes 20 dienen. Die genannten Ausführungsmöglichkeiten sind nicht näher gezeigt, da sie für den Fachmann ohne weiteres nachempfindbar sind. In dem Innenraum 20 ist ein kegelförmiger Innenkörper 13 angeordnet, der sich in Strömungsrichtung verjüngt, bis weit in den Innenraum 20 reicht und weitgehend spitzenförmig ausläuft. Die kegelige Ausgestaltung dieses Innenkörpers 13 ist nicht auf die dargestellte Form beschränkt: Eine äussere Form dieses Innenkörpers 13 als Diffusor oder Konfusor ist auch möglich. Der Innenkörper 13 ist mindestens von einer Bohrung 14 durchzogen, durch welche vorzugsweise ein flüssiger Brennstoff 16 in den vorderen Bereich geleitet wird. Die Eindüsung des flüssigen Brennstoffes 16 im Bereich der Spitze des Innenkörpers 13 bildet die Kopfstufe des Vormischbrenners 1. In diesem Bereich lässt sich der Innenkörper 13 ohne weiteres mit einem in der Figur nicht gezeigten Drallerzeuger ergänzen, der die Vermischung des eingedüsten Brennstoffes 16 unterstützt. Brennraumseitig 22 erfährt der Durchflussquerschnitt des Innenraumes 20 über eine Frontwand 17 einen Querschnittssprung, dessen Querschnitt dann den Durchflussquerschnitt des Flammenrohres 21 bildet. In dieser Ebene bildet sich auch die Rückströmzone oder Rückströmblase 18, welche die Flammenstabilisierung induziert. Die Frontwand 17 selbst weist eine Anzahl Bohrungen auf, durch welche nach Bedarf Verdünnungsluft oder Kühlluft 19 dem vorderen Bereich des Brennraumes 22 zugeführt wird. Die Flammenstabilisierung wird dann wichtig, wenn es darum geht, die Kompaktheit der Flamme infolge einer radialen Verflachung zu stützen, was auch im Hinblick auf die Brennstoffeindüsung durch die Kopfstufe wichtig ist. Das Verbrennungsgemisch 15 besteht aus Luft und Brennstoff (Vgl. Fig. 2). Selbstverständlich kann das Verbrennungsgemisch 15 auch Anteile eines rückgeführten Abgases oder eine Dampfmenge enthalten. Allgemein gilt, dass sich innerhalb des Querschnittssprunges im Bereich der Frontwand 17 eine strömungsmässige Randzone bildet, in welcher durch den dort vorherrschenden Unterdruck Wirbelablösungen entstehen, welche dann ihrerseits die Flammenstabilisierung unterstützen. Je nach Grad der Unterstützung wird die bereits erwähnte Verdünnungsluft oder Kaltluft 19 zugemischt. Durch das tangential in den Innenraum 20 einströmende Verbrennungsgemisch 15 entsteht um den Innenkörper 13 herum eine Verdrallung des Mediums. Im Bereich der Ebene der Frontwand 17 bildet sich aufgrund der dort entstehenden überkritischen Drallströmung ein Wirbelaufplatzen, wobei eine homogene Brennstoffkonzentration von der Ausbildung der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze oder vom Einbau von Wirbelerzeugern im Bereich der Lufteintrittsschlitze abhängt. Die Zündung erfolgt an der Spitze der Rückströmzone 18: Erst an dieser Stelle kann eine stabile Flammenfront entstehen. Ein Rückschlag der Flamme in den Innenraum 20 des Vormischbrenners 1, wie dies bei den bekanntgewordenen Vormischstrecken stets latent gegeben ist, wogegen dort mit komplizierten Flammenhaltern Abhilfe gesucht wird, ist hier aus genannten Gründen nicht zu befürchten. Ist die Verbrennungsluft zusätzlich vorgeheizt oder mit einem der erwähnten Medien angereichert, so unterstützt dies die Verdampfung des durch den Innenkörper 13 herangeführten flüssigen Brennstoff 16. Bei der Gestaltung des Innenkörpers 13 hinsichtlich der kegeligen Konfiguration und der Breite der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a sind enge Grenzen einzuhalten, damit sich das gewünschte Strömungsfeld, d.h. die kritische Drallzahl, des Verbrennungsgemisches 15 am Ausgang des Innenraumes 20 einstellen kann. Allgemein ist zu sagen, dass eine Verkleinerung des Durchflussquerschnittes der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a die Rückströmzone 18 weiter stromaufwärts verschiebt, wodurch dann das Gemisch früher zur Zündung kommt, was hier die Gefahr einer Kollision mit der Spitze des Innenkörpers 13 auslösen kann, wenn dieser zu weit in den Innenraum 20 reicht. Immerhin kann festgehalten werden, dass die einmal fixierte Rückströmzone 18 an sich positionsstabil ist, denn die Drallzahl nimmt in Strömungsrichtung im Bereich der Kegelform des Innenkörpers 13 zu. Selbstverständlich kann der Durchflussquerschnitt der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a in Strömungsrichtung veränderbar gestaltet werden, beispielsweise in Strömungsrichtung abnehmend, dies um die Rückströmzone 18 am Ausgang des Innenraumes 20 stabiler zu gestalten. Die Axialgeschwindigkeit des Verbrennungsgemisches 15 innerhalb des Innenraumes 20 des Vormischbrenners 1 lässt sich durch eine nicht näher gezeigte Zuführung eines axialen Verbrennungsluftstromes verändern. Die Konstruktion des Vormischbrenners 1 eignet sich des weiteren vorzüglich, die Grösse der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a zu verändern, womit ohne Veränderung der Baulänge des Vormischbrenners 1 eine relativ grosse Betriebsbandbreite erfasst werden kann.
The premix burner according to FIG. 1 consists of two hollow partial shells 11, 12 which are nested in one another offset from one another (cf. FIG. 2). The offset of the respective central axis or longitudinal axis of symmetry 11b, 12b (see FIG. 2) to one another creates a tangential air inlet slot 11a, 12a on both sides, in a mirror-image arrangement, through which a combustion mixture 15 is formed in one of the partial shells 11, 12 Interior 20 of the premix burner 1 flows. The configuration of these air inlet slots 11a, 12a is discussed in more detail below. The shells 11, 12 mentioned are cylindrical in the direction of flow.
The flow cross section formed by the interior 20 can, however, be designed to decrease or increase in the flow direction, depending on the application, regularly or irregularly. A flow cross-section of the interior 20 designed as a venturi tube in the flow direction is to serve as an example here. The design options mentioned are not shown in any more detail, since they are readily apparent to the person skilled in the art. Arranged in the interior 20 is a conical inner body 13, which tapers in the direction of flow, extends far into the interior 20 and largely tapers out. The conical configuration of this inner body 13 is not limited to the shape shown: An outer shape of this inner body 13 as a diffuser or confuser is also possible. The inner body 13 is traversed by at least one bore 14, through which a liquid fuel 16 is preferably directed into the front area. The injection of the liquid fuel 16 in the area of the tip of the inner body 13 forms the head stage of the premix burner 1. In this area, the inner body 13 can easily be supplemented with a swirl generator, not shown in the figure, which supports the mixing of the injected fuel 16. On the combustion chamber side 22, the flow cross-section of the interior 20 experiences a cross-sectional jump via a front wall 17, the cross-section of which then forms the flow cross-section of the flame tube 21. The backflow zone or backflow bubble 18, which induces the flame stabilization, also forms in this plane. The front wall 17 itself has a number of bores through which dilution air or cooling air 19 is fed to the front area of the combustion chamber 22 as required. Flame stabilization becomes important when it comes to supporting the compactness of the flame due to a radial flattening, which is also important with regard to the fuel injection through the head stage. The combustion mixture 15 consists of air and fuel (see FIG. 2). Of course, the combustion mixture 15 can also contain portions of a recirculated exhaust gas or an amount of steam. It generally applies that within the cross-sectional jump in the area of the front wall 17 a flow-like edge zone is formed, in which vortex detachments occur due to the negative pressure prevailing there, which in turn support flame stabilization. Depending on the degree of support, the previously mentioned dilution air or cold air 19 is admixed. The combustion mixture 15 flowing tangentially into the interior 20 creates a swirl of the medium around the inner body 13. In the area of the plane of the front wall 17, due to the supercritical swirl flow that occurs there, a vortex burst occurs, a homogeneous fuel concentration depending on the formation of the tangential air inlet slots or on the installation of vortex generators in the area of the air inlet slots. The ignition takes place at the top of the return flow zone 18: only at this point can a stable flame front arise. A backlash of the flame into the interior 20 of the premix burner 1, as is always latent in the case of the premixing sections which have become known, while remedial action is sought there with complicated flame holders is not to be feared here for the reasons mentioned. If the combustion air is additionally preheated or enriched with one of the media mentioned, this supports the evaporation of the liquid fuel 16 brought in through the inner body 13. When designing the inner body 13 with regard to the conical configuration and the width of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, there are narrow limits to be observed so that the desired flow field, ie the critical swirl number, of the combustion mixture 15 can be set at the outlet of the interior 20. In general, it can be said that a reduction in the flow cross section of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a shifts the return flow zone 18 further upstream, as a result of which the mixture then comes to ignition earlier, which here can trigger the risk of a collision with the tip of the inner body 13 if it closes extends far into the interior 20. After all, it can be stated that the backflow zone 18, once fixed, is positionally stable because the number of swirls increases in the direction of flow in the region of the cone shape of the inner body 13. Of course, the flow cross section of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a can be made changeable in the flow direction, for example decreasing in the flow direction, in order to make the return flow zone 18 at the outlet of the interior 20 more stable. The axial speed of the combustion mixture 15 within the interior 20 of the premix burner 1 can be changed by supplying an axial combustion air flow (not shown in more detail). The design of the premix burner 1 is furthermore excellently suitable for changing the size of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, so that a relatively large operating bandwidth can be recorded without changing the overall length of the premix burner 1.

Fig. 2 zeigt die Konfiguration der ineinandergeschachtelten Teilschalen 11, 12. Selbstverständlich sind die Teilschalen 11, 12 auch über diese Ebene zueinander verschiebbar, d.h., es ist ohne weiteres möglich, eine Ueberlappung derselben im Bereich der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a zu bewerkstelligen. Es ist des weiteren auch möglich, die Teilschalen 11, 12 durch eine gegenläufige drehende Bewegung spiralartig ineinander zu verschachteln. Somit lassen sich Form und Grösse der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a so varieren, dass die Drallerzeugung im Vormischbrenner 1 den jeweiligen Verhältnissen angepasst werden kann. Die tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a bilden jeweils die Austrittsöffnung eines Zuführungskanals 11c, 12c, in welchem weit losgelöst vom Innenraum 20 das Verbrennungsgemisch 15 gebildet wird, bevor es in diesen Innenraum 20 strömt. In genügendem Abstand stromauf der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a weisen die Zuführungskanäle 11c, 12c Wirbelerzeuger 11d, 12d auf, welche die dort einströmende Luft 23 integral verdrallen. In angemessenem Abstand stromabwärts dieser Wirbelerzeuger 11d, 12d wird die Eindüsung eines vorzugsweise gasförmigen Brennstoffes 24 vorgenommen, womit sich dann entlang der restlichen Strecke der Zuführungskanäle 11c, 12c das angestrebte Luft/Brennstoff-Gemisch bilden kann, bevor dieses als Verbrennungsgemisch 15 in integral gleicher Konsistenz über die ganze Länge der tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitze 11a, 12a in den Innenraum 20 strömt. Die hier gezeigten Zuführungskanäle 11c, 12c weisen eine weitgehend zylindrische Form auf, deren Länge und Durchflussquerschnitt auf eine optimale Luft/Brennstoff-Vorvermischung ausgelegt sind. Die innerhalb der Zuführungskanäle 11c, 12c zu bildende Strömung muss so ausgelegt sein, dass vom Innenraum 20 her, falls eine Unstabilität der Flammenfront entstehen sollte, keine Rückzündungsgefahr aufkommt: Durch die gezeigte Anordnung der Wirbelerzeuger 11d, 12d gegenüber der Brennstoffeindüsung 24 besteht keine Rückzündungsgefahr. Auf die Versetzung der Mittelachsen 11b, 12b wurde bereits unter Fig. 1 näher eingegangen.Fig. 2 shows the configuration of the nested Partial shells 11, 12. Of course, the partial shells 11, 12 can also be moved relative to one another via this plane, i.e. it is readily possible to overlap them in the Area of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a accomplish. It is also possible to use the partial shells 11, 12 by a counter-rotating movement in a spiral to nest into each other. This allows shape and size of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a so vary that the swirl generation in the premix burner 1 den can be adapted to the respective conditions. The tangential Air inlet slots 11a, 12a each form the outlet opening a feed channel 11c, 12c, in which detached from the interior 20, the combustion mixture 15 is formed before it flows into this interior 20. In enough Distance upstream of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a, the feed channels 11c, 12c have vortex generators 11d, 12d on the air flowing in there 23 swirl integrally. At a reasonable distance downstream this vortex generator 11d, 12d, the injection of one is preferred gaseous fuel 24 made, with what then along the remaining route of the feed channels 11c, 12c can form the desired air / fuel mixture before this as a combustion mixture 15 in integrally the same Consistency over the entire length of the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a flows into the interior 20. This one The feed channels 11c, 12c shown have a largely cylindrical shape, its length and flow cross-section designed for optimal air / fuel premixing are. The one to be formed within the feed channels 11c, 12c Flow must be designed so that from the interior 20, if the flame front becomes unstable, There is no risk of reignition: due to the arrangement shown the vortex generator 11d, 12d opposite the fuel injection 24 there is no risk of reignition. On the transfer the central axes 11b, 12b have already been shown in FIG. 1 discussed in more detail.

Fig. 3 zeigt, im Unterschied zu Fig. 2, Zuführungskanäle, welche in angemessenem Abstand zu den tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitzen 11a, 12a ein Venturimischer 25a, 25b aufweisen. Die Brennstoffeindüsung 24 wird an der engsten Stelle vorgenommen. Dort herrscht auch die grösste Geschwindigkeit vor, womit eine bestmögliche Gemischbildung sichergestellt ist, wiederum unter Ausschaltung einer Rückzündungsgefahr. Ansonsten entspricht der Aufbau von Fig. 3 demjenigen von Fig. 2.3 shows, in contrast to FIG. 2, feed channels, which are at a reasonable distance from the tangential air inlet slots 11a, 12a have a venturi mixer 25a, 25b. The fuel injection 24 is at the narrowest point performed. There is also the greatest speed which ensures the best possible mixture formation is, again with the exclusion of a risk of reignition. Otherwise, the structure of FIG. 3 corresponds to that of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 entspricht weitgehend Fig. 1, wobei hier der Innenkörper 13 zentral mit einem Strom von Stützluft 26 erweitert ist, welche als weitere Massnahme zur Erstellung der kritischen Drallzahl am richtigen Ort dient.Fig. 4 largely corresponds to Fig. 1, here the inner body 13 expanded centrally with a stream of supporting air 26 which is a further measure to create the critical Swirl number in the right place.

Was die Anzahl Schalen betrifft, so sind sie nicht auf zwei beschränkt. Eine grössere Anzahl ist ohne weiteres einsetzbar. Wird ein spiralförmiger Einlauf des Verbrennungsgemisches 15 in den Innenraum 20 angestrebt, so lässt sich dies ohne weiteres über einen einzigen tangentialen Lufteintrittsschlitz erreichen.As for the number of shells, they are not on two limited. A larger number can be used without further ado. Becomes a spiral inlet of the combustion mixture 15 sought in the interior 20, this can be done easily through a single tangential air inlet slot to reach.

Besteht der von den Schalen zu bildende Vormischbrenner aus einem zusammenhängenden Rohr, so lassen sich die tangentialen Eindüsungen in den Innenraum durch kanalartige Durchführungen durch die Wanddicke ebendieses Rohres erreichen.Consists of the premix burner to be formed by the shells a connected pipe, so the tangential Injection into the interior through duct-like bushings through the wall thickness of this pipe.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Vormischbrennerpremix
1111
SchaleBowl
11a11a
Tangentialer LufteintrittsschlitzTangential air inlet slot
11b11b
Mittelachse, LängssymmetrieachseCentral axis, longitudinal axis of symmetry
11c11c
Zuführungskanalfeed channel
11d11d
Wirbelerzeugervortex generators
1212
SchaleBowl
12a12a
Tangentialer LufteintrittsschlitzTangential air inlet slot
12b12b
Mittelachse, LängssymmetrieachseCentral axis, longitudinal axis of symmetry
12c12c
Zuführungskanal feed channel
12d12d
Wirbelerzeugervortex generators
1313
Innenkörperinner body
1414
Leitung für Brennstoffzuführung durch Innenkörper 13Line for fuel supply through inner body 13
1515
Verbrennungsgemisch aus Luft und BrennstoffCombustion mixture from air and fuel
1616
Brennstoff, flüssiger BrennstoffFuel, liquid fuel
1717
Frontwandfront wall
1818
Rückströmzone, RückströmblaseBackflow zone, backflow bubble
1919
Verdünnungsluft, KaltluftDilution air, cold air
2020
Innenraum des VormischbrennersInterior of the premix burner
2121
Flammrohr, Durchflussquerschnitt des Brennraumes 22Flame tube, flow cross-section of the combustion chamber 22
2222
Brennraumcombustion chamber
2323
Luftair
2424
Brennstoff, gasförmiger BrennstoffFuel, gaseous fuel
25a25a
Venturimischerventuri mixer
25b25b
Venturimischerventuri mixer
2626
Zentrale StützluftCentral support air

Claims (13)

  1. Premix burner having a swirl-stabilizing interior space (20) which is fitted with an inner body (13) running conically in the direction of flow of the interior space (20), the casing of the interior space (20) being pierced by at least one air-inlet slot (11a, 12a), arranged tangentially in the longitudinal extent, for the throughflow of a combustion medium (15) into the interior space (20), characterized in that a feed duct (11c, 12c) extends upstream of the tangential air-inlet slot (11a 12a), which feed duct (11c, 12c) is fitted at least with means for swirling an air flow (23) and for introducing a fuel (24).
  2. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of flow formed by the casing of the interior space (20) runs cylindrically in the direction of flow.
  3. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of flow formed by the casing of the interior space (20) has the shape of a venturi section in the direction of flow.
  4. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the casing of the interior space (20) comprises at least two sectional shells (11, 12) nested one inside the other in a mutually offset manner, and in that the adjacent walls of the sectional shells form air-inlet slots (11a, 12a), tangential in their longitudinal extent, for the throughflow of the combustion medium (15) into the interior space.
  5. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means for optimizing the mixing quality between air (23) and fuel (24) inside the feed duct (11c, 12c) are vortex generators (lid, 12d), and in that the introduction of the fuel (24) takes place downstream of these vortex generators (lid, 12d).
  6. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fuel (24) can be fed in at the narrowest location of a venturi mixer (25a, 25b) formed in the feed duct (11c, 12c).
  7. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that a combustion space (22) is arranged downstream of the interior space (20), in that there is a jump (21) in cross-section between interior space and combustion space via a front wall (17), and in that a backflow zone (18) can act in the region of the plane of this jump (21) in cross-section.
  8. Premix burner according to Claim 7, characterized in that the front wall (17) is provided with a number of openings for feeding an air flow (19) into the combustion space (22).
  9. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (13) is provided with at least one fuel line (14) through which a fuel (16) and/or assisting air (26) can be fed into the interior space (20).
  10. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the inner body (13) is fitted with at least one swirl generator in the region of its tip.
  11. Premix burner according to Claims 1 and 4, characterized in that the tangential air-inlet slots (11a, 12a) have a decreasing cross-section of flow in the longitudinal direction of the premix burner (1).
  12. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the conically running inner body (13) assumes the shape of a diffuser.
  13. Premix burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the conically running inner body (13) assumes the shape of a confuser.
EP96810738A 1995-12-02 1996-11-06 Premix burner Expired - Lifetime EP0777081B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19545026 1995-12-02
DE19545026A DE19545026A1 (en) 1995-12-02 1995-12-02 Premix burner

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EP0777081A2 EP0777081A2 (en) 1997-06-04
EP0777081A3 EP0777081A3 (en) 1998-10-21
EP0777081B1 true EP0777081B1 (en) 2003-03-05

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EP96810738A Expired - Lifetime EP0777081B1 (en) 1995-12-02 1996-11-06 Premix burner

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US (1) US5791894A (en)
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JP (1) JP3828969B2 (en)
DE (2) DE19545026A1 (en)

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KR100793758B1 (en) * 2007-02-06 2008-01-10 엘지전자 주식회사 Surface burning burner
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JP5453322B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2014-03-26 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド Burner device and use of burner device
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KR101301729B1 (en) * 2010-08-11 2013-09-09 (주)오선텍 Burner for reformer
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JP5370465B2 (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-12-18 Jfeスチール株式会社 Long flame burner and radiant tube heating device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0777081A3 (en) 1998-10-21
EP0777081A2 (en) 1997-06-04
JP3828969B2 (en) 2006-10-04
JPH09178126A (en) 1997-07-11
DE59610190D1 (en) 2003-04-10
DE19545026A1 (en) 1997-06-05
US5791894A (en) 1998-08-11

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