EP0206967B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum isostatischen Niederdruckgiessen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum isostatischen Niederdruckgiessen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0206967B1
EP0206967B1 EP86450013A EP86450013A EP0206967B1 EP 0206967 B1 EP0206967 B1 EP 0206967B1 EP 86450013 A EP86450013 A EP 86450013A EP 86450013 A EP86450013 A EP 86450013A EP 0206967 B1 EP0206967 B1 EP 0206967B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
casting
casing
crucible
mould
pressure
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Expired
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EP86450013A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0206967A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Laurent Merrien
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Etude Et Developpement En Metallurgie A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
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Etude Et Developpement En Metallurgie A Responsabilite Ltee Ste
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new low-pressure casting process according to the preamble of claim 1 intended in particular to allow with the same installation the casting of alloys subjected to very different conditions such as in particular the alloys of aluminum and magnesium and a low pressure casting machine according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • Such a method and such a machine are for example known from DE-B 2 703 657, on which the preambles of claims 1 and 6 are based.
  • the molds used can be permanent (in this case, they are made of cast iron or steel, or graphite) or non-permanent and they are destroyed, in this case, after casting to release the part.
  • These non-permanent molds are made of chemical sands, ceramic or plaster.
  • the alloys used are generally those of aluminum, the applications for the automobile being very important, but also those of magnesium and copper (brasses, bronzes). In addition, significant developments are taking place for cast irons and steels.
  • the gas used to pressurize the oven is generally air, it could be nitrogen to prevent oxidation of the surface. Furthermore, the development of the aluminum alloy and the operation in air can introduce hydrogen into the alloy due to the humidity of the fusion products, that of the ambient air and that of the air in the oven. It is therefore necessary to degas the metal at the end of production and in the course of the casting process.
  • the operation can be done by chemicals (special fluxes, chlorine, axote ...) or by the application of a vacuum of a few millibars on the surface. In this case, it may therefore be advantageous to carry out the vacuum in the casting furnace under low pressure.
  • two ovens can be available, one in the casting operation, the other in the degassing operation and which replaces the first when the latter is empty.
  • the two ovens are therefore mobile on rails.
  • Mobile ovens are known and there are also low pressure aluminum casting furnaces designed to support the vacuum.
  • the pressure-tight outer shell also ensures vacuum resistance.
  • One of the drawbacks of this formula is that the mass of refractory and insulating material which supports the resistances of the furnace and ensures its thermal insulation must reach the desired level of vacuum.
  • it is porous, stores a large capacity of gas, even humidity, and it must be permanently maintained at a temperature above 80/100 ° C after having dried it for a long time, for several days before the first setting service.
  • these materials are frequently fibrous or powdery and are entrained towards the vacuum pumps.
  • FIG. 1 is shown in 1 the outer envelope, waterproof; in 2 the fixed cover linked to this envelope; at 3 the movable cover; in 4 resistances; in 5 the refractories carrying the resistances; in 6 the insulators; in 7 the protective sheet open at its lower part; in 8 the crucible; in 9 the metal; at 10 the injection tube; at 11 the entry of pressurizing air; at 12 the air outlet for decompression; at 13 the air outlet for evacuation; at 14 the metal discharge outlet in the event of the crucible breaking; insulating the cover; at 16 and 17 seals; at 18 a connecting nozzle; at 19 the fixed plate of the casting machine, and at 20 a mold.
  • this gas which is a fluoride breaks down the materials of the refractories and insulators which are generally based on silicon compounds (silico-aluminous in particular). It is therefore necessary to isolate the SF6 from the refractories and the low-pressure magnesium casting machine must have a sealed inner casing which can serve as a crucible containing the metal.
  • FIG. 2 The diagram of such a machine is given in FIG. 2 on which the envelope has been represented at 1 ' outside of the oven which no longer performs a sealing role; in 2 'the crucible which contains magnesium; in 3 'the cover; in 4 'resistances; in 5 'the refractories; in 6 'the insulators; in 7 'the molten magnesium alloy; at 8 'the injection tube; in 9 'the special layer nozzle with protective gas; in 10 'the entry of the SF6-based gas diluted in the connection nozzle; in 11 ′ the entry of SF6 into the furnace for setting in motion of the metal; in 12 'the outlet of the decompression gas; at 13 'the seal; in 14 'the fixed plate of the machine, and in 15' the mold.
  • the crucible 2 ′ contains the metal at around 750 ° C. and its outer wall is heated by the resistors. At each cycle it withstands thermal fatigue forces with an internal overpressure which is generally from 0.6 bar to 1 bar. Added to these efforts are the risks of corrosion, which are limited for diluted SF6 only by the use of steel with a high chromium content. We are therefore led to crucibles of great thickness which can be of the order of 20 mm, expensive, difficult to handle, working in conditions which are not without danger.
  • magnesium alloys are not subjected to degassing under vacuum because they distill and pass into the vapor state under still notable pressures, frequently of the order of 60 millibars.
  • the subject of the invention is a low-pressure casting process in which a mold is filled from below with an alloy or a liquid metal contained in a hermetically closed heating oven, the alloy rising in the mold by through an injection tube and under the action of a discharge fluid pressure, said method being characterized in that it consists in separating, inside the furnace, the crucible containing the alloy or liquid metal, electrical heating and thermal insulation elements by a metallic, waterproof envelope supporting said crucible, to be ensured during the various phases of the casting until the solidification of the casting is sent fluid on the side of said envelope opposite to the crucible and to vary the pressure of this fluid in correspondence with that prevailing above the level of the crucible liquid so as to permanently establish a pressure balance on either side of said envelope .
  • the invention also relates to a casting machine for implementing the above method and in particular an improved machine intended for non-permanent molds.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 of the appended drawings respectively representing a schematic sectional view of a mobile mold casting machine and an elevation view with axial vertical half-section of a machine according to the diagram in FIG. 3.
  • FIG 3 there is shown at 21 the outer shell of a furnace, pressure and vacuum tight. Inside the oven is arranged, supported by an internal sealed envelope 22, a crucible 23 (in graphite or silicon carbide for aluminum, in steel for magnesium) containing the metal 24 in the liquid state (alloy of aluminum or magnesium).
  • the inner casing 22 is made of chrome steel resistant to corrosion by SF6.
  • the electric heating resistors 25 are arranged outside the casing 22 as well as the refractories 26 and the thermal insulators 27.
  • the oven cover consists of a fixed annular cover 28 linked to the outer casing 21 and made of chrome steel in its part in contact with SF6 and of a movable cover 29 made of chrome steel, disc-shaped and removably attached to the annular cover 28.
  • the cover 29 is provided on its internal face with an insulator 30.
  • An injection tube 31 passes through the cover 29, plunges into the liquid metal 24 of the crucible and is surmounted by a connecting nozzle (32 for magnesium, 33 for aluminum).
  • the oven is overhung by a horizontal fixed table supported by four pillars 35 and above which a mold 36 can move, carried by a carriage 37 circulating on two parallel rails 38 arranged horizontally on either side of the fixed table 34.
  • FIG. 4 shows an industrial embodiment of the machine shown schematically in Figure 3
  • the rails 38 are supported by the rods of four hydraulic cylinders 39 arranged vertically and fixed on consoles integral with the four pillars 35 carrying the table 34.
  • FIG. 4 is shown at 40 the wheels of the mold carrier carriage 37, circulating on the rails 38 and fixed laterally to the lower plate 41 on which the mold 36 rests.
  • a regulating or piloting device symbolized at 42 in FIG. 3 is responsible for piloting and coordinating the operations prior to casting, then the operations specific to casting and finally those subsequent to casting.
  • the apparatus 42 is connected to a valve 43 interposed in a pipe for supplying gas for internal pressurization of the space 1 above the liquid of the crucible 23 (or for placing said space under vacuum).
  • the connection with the space 1 is made by a conduit 44 formed in the thickness of the fixed annular cover 28.
  • conduits such as 44 (and three corresponding valves 43) assigned respectively to the inlet of said gas. pressurization, its extraction and vacuum.
  • the device 42 is connected to a valve 45 for entering and leaving the pressurizing (or vacuum) gases of the space II between the internal envelope 22 and the external envelope 21.
  • the connection with the space It is made by a conduit 46 formed in the thickness of the annular cover 28.
  • the apparatus 42 is also connected, on the one hand, to a sensor 47 for pressure in space 1 and, on the other hand, to a sensor 48 for pressure in space II.
  • a presence sensor 49 detecting the passage of the metal, constituted for example by an insulated metal wire stripped at its end, and connected to the regulating device 42.
  • the upper end of the pouring nozzle 33 is provided with an asbestos washer 50 capable of being interposed between said nozzle and the orifice 51 for the passage of liquid metal in the plate 41 supporting the mold 36.
  • two sensors 52 connected to the apparatus 42 and intended to inform the latter that the mold 36 is correctly and sealingly placed above the pouring nozzle 33.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 it is an aluminum alloy casting for which the nozzle 33 is used.
  • the sensors 52 consist for example of a conductive tip projecting from the underside of the plate 41, inserted without an insulating sleeve and connected by an insulated wire to the device 42. Said tips are capable of passing through the thickness of the asbestos 50 and, in contact with the underlying metal nozzle 33, to supply an electrical signal to the device 42.
  • the latter is connected to a device for locking the carriage 37 mold carrier in the casting position, consisting (FIG. 4) of horizontal pins 53 arranged on either side of the table 34, orthogonally to the latter.
  • the pins 53 are moved by jacks 54, or other means of movement, mounted on supports integral with the table-holder frame.
  • the pins 53 are engaged both through holes made in lateral angles 55 integral with the plate 41 of the carriage and in centering holes made in the edge of the table 34 .
  • the apparatus 42 directs the movement of the carriage 37 from sensors 56 (for example contactors with elastic blades) fixed on the table 34 and the rails.
  • the jacks 39 are lowered, the carriage is applied to the pouring nozzle 33.
  • the device 42 locks the carriage and the mold on the table 34 of the machine with the aid of jacks 54 and pins 53, while the sensors 52 inform the device 42 that the application, therefore the seal, is obtained.
  • the apparatus 42 then initiates the casting according to the arrangements given below by directing the pressure in the two chambers 1 and II.
  • the apparatus 42 causes the valves 43 and 45 to open for the admission of gases into the two chambers l, ll.
  • This device 42 may be of the same type as that described in French patent No. 79 17317 or in French patent No. 82 00115 and may include a microprocessor, a memory assembly and an input-output assembly.
  • the pressure sensors 47 and 48 it opens and closes the valves 43 and 45 to maintain the equality of pressure between the two enclosures I, II.
  • the device 42 When the metal reaches the level of the presence sensor 49, the device 42 records the pressure of each enclosure 1,11 as a zero reference and then changes the pressures above this reference according to the indications which could have been stored in the appliance 42.
  • the envelope 22 which has its two inner and outer walls at the same pressure is therefore not subjected to expansion forces due to the pressure.
  • the device 42 giving the opening-closing orders to the gas outlet valves which are in the same configurations as the valves 43 and 45.
  • the decompression is also controlled by the device 42 to maintain the pressure balance on the two faces of the envelope 22.
  • this residual pressure reaches a determined value calculated by the apparatus 42 as a function of the pressure recorded on passage to the sensor 49 and of the weight of metal cast for the part obtained, the apparatus 42 maintains this value so that the metal remains at a constant level 57 at the top of the tube 31.
  • This arrangement prevents the metal from falling into the injection tube 31, towards the crucible, an operation which results in the formation of oxides which are carried to the workpiece during the ascent of the metal in the tube for the next pour.
  • the conduits 44 and 46 are connected to pumping circuits which carry out the vacuum in the two enclosures I, II.
  • the pressure sensors 47 and 48 give the information to the device 42 so that it opens or closes the valves 43 and 45 to maintain the pressure identity on the two faces of the inner envelope 22. This arrangement avoids deformations by "suction" of this envelope.
  • the device 42 obviously does not have to control the closing and the sealing of the mold on the pouring nozzle.
  • the machine shown in FIGS. 3,4 can be used both for the casting of aluminum alloys as illustrated above and for the casting of magnesium alloys.
  • the gas sent to enclosure I is air or nitrogen and, in the case of magnesium, sulfur hexafluoride. In both cases, the gas sent into the enclosure It may be air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Verfahren zum Gießen unter Niederdruck, bei dem man von unten eine Form mit einer flüssigen Legierung oder einem flüssigen Metall, enthalten in einem hermetisch verschlossenen Heizofen, einfüllt, wobei die Legierung in die Form über ein Einfüllrohr und unter der Wirkung eines Staudrucks eines Fluids hochsteigt, wobei das besagte Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß es darin besteht, im Inneren des Ofens den Tiegel (23), der die flüssige Legierung oder das flüssige Metall enthält, von elektrischen Heizelementen (25 bis 27) und von der thermischen Isolation durch eine metallische Umhüllung (22), die dicht ist und den besagten Tiegel trägt, zu separieren, während der verschiedenen Phasen des Gießens bis zur Verfestigung des Gußstücks das Bereitstellen eines Fluids auf der dem Tiegel abgewandten Seite der besagten Umhüllung (22) sicherzustellen und den Druck dieses Fluids entsprechend demjenigen zu steuern, der über dem Flüssigkeitsniveau des Tiegels herrscht, so daß permanent ein Druckgleichgewicht auf beiden Seiten der besagten Umhüllung erzeugt wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gleichgewichtsdruck, der auf beiden Seiten der besagten Umhüllung (22) erzeugt wird, unter den atmosphärischen Druck fallen und beträchtliche Vakuumniveaus erreichen kann.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man zwischen zwei Gießvorgängen auf beiden Seiten der besagten Umhüllung (22) einen Druck höher als der atmosphärische Druck aufrechterhält, um das flüssige Metall im oberen Teil des Einführrohrs (31) zu halten, um die Bildung von Oxiden zu vermeiden.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unter Druck stehenden Fluids, die auf beide Seiten der besagten Umhüllung (22) einwirken, zwei unabhängige Fluids der gleichen Natur oder verschiedener Naturen sind.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, insbesondere angewendet auf das Gießen von Magnesiumlegierungen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Staufluid Schwefelhexafluorid verdünnt in Luft oder Kohlendioxid ist, während das auf die andere Seite der dichten Umhüllung (22) einwirkende Fluid Luft ist.
6. Niederdruckgießmaschine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, eines Typs, der eine äußere dichte Ofenumhüllung (21), in dem ein Tiegel (23), der das flüssige Metall oder die flüssige Legierung (24) enthält und selbst von elektrischen Heizelementen (25) und Feuerfestelementen (26) und thermischen Isolierungen (27) umgeben ist, angeordnet und durch einen beweglichen Deckel (29), der mit einem Gießzulauf (31) versehen ist, verschlossen ist, und Mittel zum unter Druck oder Unterdruck Setzen des Raums über dem Flüssigkeitsniveau des Tiegels aufweist, wobei die besagte Maschine dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß sie zudem eine innere metallische Umhüllung (22), die den Tiegel (23) trägt und diesen dicht gegenüber den besagten Heiz-, Feuerfest- und Isolierelementen isoliert, wobei die besagte Umhüllung (22) in dichter Weise am Ofengestell befestigt ist, und Mittel aufweist, um den Raum (11), der durch die besagte metallische Umhüllung auf der dem Tiegel abgewandten Seite begrenzt ist, mit einer über Ventile (45) unter Druck oder Unterdruck stehenden Fluidquelle zu verbinden, wobei die Ventile (45) durch eine Regeleinrichtung (42) gesteuert werden, die gleichzeitig mit den besagten Mitteln zum unter Druck oder Unterdruck Setzen des Raums (I) über dem flüssigen Metall in dem Tiegel und mit Druckaufnehmern (47, 48) verbunden ist, die in dem Ofen auf beiden Seiten der inneren metallischen Umhüllung (22) angeordnet sind.
7. Maschine nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte innere metallische Umhüllung (22) mit ihrem oberen Teil an einem ringförmigen Deckel (28) befestigt ist, der an dem Außenmantel (21) des Ofens befestigt ist und den besagten beweglichen Deckel (29) aufnimmt, wobei dieser ringförmige Deckel mit Leitungen (44, 46) versehen ist, die das äußere des Ofens mit den beiden inneren, durch die innere Umhüllung (22) begrenzten Innenräumen (I, 11) des Ofens verbinden, und die besagten Leitungen über mit Ventilen (43, 45) ausgerüstete Leitungen mit entsprechenden Quellen für unter Druck oder Unterdruck stehende Fluids verbunden sind.
8. Maschine nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, insbesondere bestimmt für auf Schienen bewegliche, nicht ständige Formen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen horizontalen festen Tisch (34) über dem Ofen, auf dem das obere Ende des Gießzulaufs (31) befestigt, Schienen (38), die auf beiden Seiten des Tisches angeordnet sind, auf denen bewegliche Formen (36) zirkulieren, Mittel zum translatorischen vertikalen Verschieben der besagten Schienen zum Ineingriffbringen der unteren Öffnung einer Form mit dem besagten Gießzulauf und Mittel zum Verriegeln des die Form tragenden Wagens (37) an dem besagten Tisch vor dem Gießen umfaßt.
9. Maschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten Mittel zum vertikalen translatorischen Verschieben von Schienen (38) durch vertikale Zylinder (39) gebildet werden, die fest montiert sind und deren Kolbenstangenenden die Schienen tragen, wobei die Zylinder synchron durch die besagte Regeleinrichtung (42) gesteuert werden.
10. Maschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten Verriegelungsmittel für den die Form tragenden Wagen (37) durch Stifte (53) gebildet werden, die senkrecht zu den Schienen (38) beweglich sind und durch feststehende Zylinder (54) o.dgl. bewegt werden, daß sie einerseits in Bohrungen, die seitlich an dem feststehenden Tisch (34) auf beiden Seiten hiervon angebracht sind, und mit Bohrungen in Eingriff gelangen, die in den festen seitlichen Winkelprofilen (55) des die Form tragenden Wagens angebracht und geeignet sind, in Ausrichtung mit den entsprechenden Bohrungen des besagten Tisches zu gelangen, wenn die Form (36) sich in korrekter Gießposition befindet, wobei die besagten Zylinder (54) o.dgl. durch die besagte Regeleinrichtung (42) auf Bestätigung von Anwesenheitsfühlern (56) gesteuert werden, die auf den Schienen und dem Tisch befestigt sind und die korrekte Position des Wagens feststellen.
11. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das obere Ende des Gießzulaufs (33) mit einer ringförmigen Asbestscheibe (50) versehen ist, die geeignet ist, zwischen den Zulauf und die Eintrittsöffnung (51) der Form angeordnet zu werden, wobei diese Öffnung mit vorspringenden Führungsspitzen (52) versehen ist, die in isolierende Hülsen eingesetzt und auf die Asbestscheibe gerichtet sind, wobei die Spitzen durch einen isolierten Leiter mit der Regeleinrichtung (42) verbunden und geeignet sind, im Verlauf des Absenkens der Form den Asbest zu durchdringen und in Kontakt mit dem metallisch leitenden Teil des Gießzulaufs zu gelangen, der ebenfalls mit der Regeleinrichtung verbunden ist, um das Stoppen des Absenkens der Form zu steuern und die dem Gießen vorangehenden Schritte und dann das Gießen auszulösen.
EP86450013A 1985-06-18 1986-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum isostatischen Niederdruckgiessen Expired EP0206967B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509423A FR2583321B1 (fr) 1985-06-18 1985-06-18 Procede de coulee sous basse pression isostatique et machine pour sa mise en oeuvre
FR8509423 1985-06-18

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EP0206967A1 EP0206967A1 (de) 1986-12-30
EP0206967B1 true EP0206967B1 (de) 1989-06-14

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EP86450013A Expired EP0206967B1 (de) 1985-06-18 1986-06-17 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum isostatischen Niederdruckgiessen

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US (1) US4726414A (de)
EP (1) EP0206967B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6213252A (de)
CA (1) CA1286475C (de)
DE (1) DE3663893D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2583321B1 (de)

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CN1317094C (zh) * 2005-09-22 2007-05-23 上海交通大学 铝基复合材料反重力真空吸铸成形设备
CN1317093C (zh) * 2005-09-22 2007-05-23 上海交通大学 镁基复合材料的真空吸浇制备方法
CN101569927B (zh) * 2009-06-11 2011-12-28 芜湖新联造船有限公司 一种船舶螺旋桨铸造浇注系统
CN103862020A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2014-06-18 侯伟 一种低压铸造整体密封炉
JP5527451B1 (ja) * 2013-03-21 2014-06-18 宇部興産機械株式会社 鋳造装置
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019209389A1 (de) * 2019-06-27 2020-12-31 Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Anordnung für den Niederdruckguss von hochschmelzenden Metallen
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6213252A (ja) 1987-01-22
FR2583321A1 (fr) 1986-12-19
CA1286475C (fr) 1991-07-23
FR2583321B1 (fr) 1987-09-18
US4726414A (en) 1988-02-23
DE3663893D1 (en) 1989-07-20
EP0206967A1 (de) 1986-12-30

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