EP0204910B1 - Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0204910B1
EP0204910B1 EP86104351A EP86104351A EP0204910B1 EP 0204910 B1 EP0204910 B1 EP 0204910B1 EP 86104351 A EP86104351 A EP 86104351A EP 86104351 A EP86104351 A EP 86104351A EP 0204910 B1 EP0204910 B1 EP 0204910B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silicates
halogenated hydrocarbons
calcium
reaction
chemical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86104351A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0204910A1 (de
Inventor
Paul-Gerhard Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Maurer
Daniel Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Neupert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nukem GmbH
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Nukem GmbH
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Priority to AT86104351T priority Critical patent/ATE35910T1/de
Publication of EP0204910A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204910A1/de
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Publication of EP0204910B1 publication Critical patent/EP0204910B1/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/34—Dehalogenation using reactive chemical agents able to degrade
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
    • A62D2101/20—Organic substances
    • A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S588/00—Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
    • Y10S588/901—Compositions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the chemical-thermal decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons in an inert gas atmosphere, in particular of higher halogenated hydrocarbons, by reaction with a stoichiometric amount of alkaline solid substances at elevated temperatures in a reactor.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons are very often used in industry and research.
  • fluorocarbons serve as propellants and refrigerants and are the starting materials for the production of chemically very resistant plastics.
  • Chlorinated hydrocarbons are used in large quantities as degreasing agents in metal processing plants. Further areas of application are chemical cleaning of all kinds.
  • the chlorinated hydrocarbons are raw materials for the production of polymers, pesticides and herbicides.
  • the polychlorinated hydrocarbons were used as heat transfer oils or hydraulic fluids due to their high chemical and thermal resistance.
  • the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are typical representatives of this class of substances.
  • DE-OS 30 28 193 describes a process for the pyrolytic decomposition of halogens and / or phosphorus-containing organic substances, which are reacted with calcium oxide / calcium hydroxide in a superstoichiometric ratio at temperatures of 300 to 800 ° C. in a reactor.
  • So-called island silicates such as Ca 2 Si0 4 , Ca s Si 2 0 7 and Ca 3 Si 3 0 9 , chain silicates such as CaSi0 3 , band silicates such as Ca 3 Si 4 0 11 are preferably used as calcium silicates or magnesium , or network silicates such as CaSi 2 0 5 are used.
  • These silicates can be found as naturally occurring minerals such as e.g. B. wollastonite or tobororite used or manufactured synthetically. During production, however, care must be taken to ensure that the melting points of the silicates in question are not reached, in order to avoid that a glass-like solidified product with only a small surface area and porosity is formed.
  • magnesium silicates can equally well be used, it being possible for some of the calcium or magnesium in the silicate to be substituted by other metal cations, such as iron.
  • synthetic silicates or silicate hydrates of calcium or magnesium can be used, which contain free excess calcium oxide or magnesium oxide.
  • the chemical reaction of the halogenated hydrocarbons with silicates is less exothermic than the comparable reaction with calcium oxide, so that a lower temperature increase in the reactor results at comparable metering rates. This can be important for the reactor because of the choice of material.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons are reacted with the silicates in the presence of inert gas, preferably under normal pressure.
  • silicates in the form of granules or in lumpy form has proven to be very cheap.
  • Such granules can be produced by a simple pelletizing process, using commercially available cements or ground cement raw clinker and water as starting materials.
  • the use of granules enables the reaction to be carried out in a wide variety of reactors.
  • a cartridge can be filled with granules into which the halogenated hydrocarbon is metered in either liquid or gaseous after heating to a reaction temperature of 450-700 ° C.
  • the chemical-thermal decomposition then takes place inside the bed, while the halogen-free exhaust gas flows unhindered through the granulate bed and can escape at the other end of the cartridge. After approximately 80-85% utilization of the granulate fill, it can then be renewed or, if the cartridge is designed accordingly, it can be completely replaced.
  • cement clinker, sand-lime brick and / or gas concrete is used as the alkaline solid substance.
  • a shaft furnace which contains a bed of calcium silicate granulate, which is designed as a moving bed, the halogenated hydrocarbon and the resulting exhaust gas flowing through the bed either in cocurrent or in countercurrent.
  • porous calcium silicate in granulated form has proven to be very advantageous.
  • Corresponding granules can be produced, for example, by crushing silicate-rich building materials, such as gas concrete blocks or sand-lime blocks. These materials are mechanically and thermally sufficiently stable to serve as a bed in a moving bed reactor and also have a very large surface area. This material can be converted almost stoichiometrically with the halogenated hydrocarbons based on the Ca content.
  • the gaseous reaction products formed during the chemical-thermal decomposition of halogenated hydrocarbons with silicates are halogen-free.
  • the exhaust gas contains corresponding amounts of hydrogen and methane and possibly other partly saturated partly unsaturated low hydrocarbons, as well as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
  • the exhaust gas still has a considerable calorific value and can be used accordingly or simply re-burned to carbon dioxide and water in an afterburning chamber.
  • gas concrete which is in granular form with a main grain fraction of about 4 mm, are filled into a reaction tube made of aluminum oxide ceramic.
  • the filled reaction tube is closed on both sides and vertically in a tube furnace. Fixed and heated to 700 ° C.
  • a total of 70 g of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) with an average chlorine content of 60% by weight are then metered into the reaction tube from above via a capillary within 3 hours, and at the same time the reactor is preheated from top to bottom with nitrogen preheated to 650 ° C. at normal pressure flows through.
  • the nitrogen volume flow is about 5 to 10 NI per hour. The nitrogen escapes together with the gaseous reaction products at the lower end of the reactor and is passed through a washing section.
  • the exothermic reaction of the PCB with Ca silicate leads to a temperature increase in the reaction zone in the upper part of the bed.
  • the approximately 820 to 850 ° C. hot reaction zone migrates downward, so that a temperature measurement can be used to determine at what point in time the capacity of the bed is exhausted.
  • composition of the gas concrete used as the solid reactant was determined as a mixture of 58% by weight Ca 3 S! 2 0 7 . H 2 0 and 42 wt.% A-quartz determined.
  • the chemical analysis of the implementation was based on the residue analysis of the washing solution and the analysis of the solid residue. With a detection limit of 20 p.g PCB in the wash solution, no PCB could be detected, from which a degree of conversion of> 99.99996% is calculated.
  • the chemical-thermal decomposition of PCBs does not result in the formation of metabolites, such as chlorinated dibenzodioxins or dibenzofurans. The compounds mentioned could not be detected at a limit of quantification of 10 ng.
  • the solid granules were free-flowing even after the reaction and showed no caking.
  • the main components were Si02. and CaCl 2 .
  • the solid residue also contained calcium silicate and small amounts of elemental carbon.
  • the chlorine metered into the reactor in the form of PCB was quantitatively recovered as chloride after the chemical-thermal decomposition of the PCB in the solid residue.
  • the exhaust gas was halogen-free and essentially contained CO and H 2 in addition to nitrogen.
  • Example 2 Analogous to Example 1, but cement is used instead of gas concrete.
  • a porous granulate was produced from the cement powder as follows: 300 g of Portland cement are mixed with 140 g of water. After a curing time of 24 hours, the test specimen is dried at 600 ° C, almost all of the mixing water being expelled from the test specimen. The cement body, broken up into small pieces after drying and cooling, serves as filling material for the reaction tube.
  • test result is comparable to the results described in Examples 1 and 2.
  • burnt lime 168 g are mixed with 60 g of quartz sand and finely ground. Then the mixture is mixed with water to a dough-like mass and mixed with 0.6 aluminum powder. The mass swells up within a short time. The sample is then heated to 200 ° C. in an autoclave in a steam atmosphere. A solid pore is created Product that is broken into granules with an average grain size of approx. 5 mm in a jaw crusher.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
EP86104351A 1985-05-11 1986-03-29 Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen Expired EP0204910B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86104351T ATE35910T1 (de) 1985-05-11 1986-03-29 Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen zersetzung von halogenkohlenwasserstoffen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3517019A DE3517019C2 (de) 1985-05-11 1985-05-11 Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen
DE3517019 1985-05-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204910A1 EP0204910A1 (de) 1986-12-17
EP0204910B1 true EP0204910B1 (de) 1988-07-27

Family

ID=6270478

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86104351A Expired EP0204910B1 (de) 1985-05-11 1986-03-29 Verfahren zur chemisch-thermischen Zersetzung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4937065A (es)
EP (1) EP0204910B1 (es)
JP (1) JPS61259683A (es)
AT (1) ATE35910T1 (es)
CA (1) CA1288441C (es)
DE (2) DE3517019C2 (es)
ES (1) ES8802119A1 (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3940903A1 (de) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-20 Dinda Kickdown Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entsorgung von toxischen abfaellen

Families Citing this family (22)

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DE3623492A1 (de) * 1986-07-11 1988-01-21 Hagenmaier Hans Paul Verfahren zum abbau von halogenierten aromaten
US5276250A (en) * 1986-07-11 1994-01-04 Hagenmaier Hans Paul Process for decomposing polyhalogenated compounds
DE3632366C2 (de) * 1986-09-24 1997-12-18 Boelsing Friedrich Verfahren zur Entfernung von halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen aus der Gasphase
JPH066177B2 (ja) * 1987-01-13 1994-01-26 大豊産業株式会社 産業廃棄物を利用した液状有機ハロゲン化物の固定化処理剤、同固定化処理方法及び同燃焼処理方法
DE3918716C1 (es) * 1989-06-08 1990-06-28 Nukem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De
ES2055949T3 (es) * 1990-08-31 1994-09-01 Rheinische Kalksteinwerke Procedimiento para la fabricacion de clorosilicatos.
JPH0787867B2 (ja) * 1991-01-18 1995-09-27 日本碍子株式会社 有機塩化物の分解処理方法
US5776420A (en) * 1991-07-29 1998-07-07 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Apparatus for treating a gas formed from a waste in a molten metal bath
US5585532A (en) * 1991-07-29 1996-12-17 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for treating a gas formed from a waste in a molten metal bath
US5191154A (en) * 1991-07-29 1993-03-02 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and system for controlling chemical reaction in a molten bath
US5260036A (en) * 1992-02-27 1993-11-09 Process Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for use in photochemically oxidizing gaseous halogenated organic compounds
US5397552A (en) * 1992-02-27 1995-03-14 Process Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for use in photochemically oxidizing gaseous organic compounds
AT402506B (de) * 1993-01-26 1997-06-25 Holderbank Financ Glarus Verfahren zur herstellung von roheisen und zementklinker
US5374337A (en) * 1993-08-20 1994-12-20 Technichem Engineering, Ltd. Halohydrocarbon recovery process
WO1995014509A1 (fr) * 1993-11-29 1995-06-01 Eimatsu Kanzaki Procede de detoxification de polychlorobiphenyle
US5468459A (en) * 1995-02-28 1995-11-21 The Boc Group, Inc. Gas stream treatment method for removing per-fluorocarbons
US5705140A (en) * 1995-07-18 1998-01-06 Transformation Technologies, Ltd. Process for the transformation of halogenated refrigerant gases
US5601184A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-02-11 Process Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for use in photochemically oxidizing gaseous volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds
US6888040B1 (en) * 1996-06-28 2005-05-03 Lam Research Corporation Method and apparatus for abatement of reaction products from a vacuum processing chamber
US6018091A (en) * 1998-06-08 2000-01-25 Quantum Marketing Corporation Methods for thermally degrading unwanted substances using particular metal compositions
USH2198H1 (en) 2002-07-30 2007-08-07 Ch2M Hill Inc. Multi-stage pyrolysis systems for treating chlorine contaminated wastes
CN100528300C (zh) * 2004-01-29 2009-08-19 大阳日酸株式会社 废气处理剂、废气处理方法以及废气处理装置

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3940903A1 (de) * 1989-12-11 1991-06-20 Dinda Kickdown Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur entsorgung von toxischen abfaellen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0576313B2 (es) 1993-10-22
ES554801A0 (es) 1988-04-01
DE3517019A1 (de) 1986-11-13
JPS61259683A (ja) 1986-11-17
EP0204910A1 (de) 1986-12-17
ES8802119A1 (es) 1988-04-01
DE3517019C2 (de) 1987-03-26
ATE35910T1 (de) 1988-08-15
DE3660412D1 (en) 1988-09-01
CA1288441C (en) 1991-09-03
US4937065A (en) 1990-06-26

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