EP0203367B1 - Dispositif de contact pour interrupteur sous vide - Google Patents

Dispositif de contact pour interrupteur sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0203367B1
EP0203367B1 EP86105595A EP86105595A EP0203367B1 EP 0203367 B1 EP0203367 B1 EP 0203367B1 EP 86105595 A EP86105595 A EP 86105595A EP 86105595 A EP86105595 A EP 86105595A EP 0203367 B1 EP0203367 B1 EP 0203367B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
arrangement according
slots
contact arrangement
disc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86105595A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0203367A1 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Kuhl
Gerhard Sebald
Heinrich Dr. Hässler
Wolfgang Dr. Schlenk
Günter Bialkowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0203367A1 publication Critical patent/EP0203367A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0203367B1 publication Critical patent/EP0203367B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a contact arrangement for vacuum switches, with two contacts arranged coaxially opposite one another and displaceable in their axial direction relative to one another, each consisting of a disk-shaped contact piece with a contact surface and a disk located therebetween, made of electrically highly conductive material, which disks each are directly connected to a central power supply bolt and, due to their shape with circular recesses and slots, implement radial and azimuthal current conductors and thereby means for generating axial magnetic fields, the current from the power supply bolt via the current conductors of the disk and from there via the slots limited laterally Webs is led to the contact piece.
  • Vacuum switches are becoming increasingly important for high breaking currents.
  • the following problem arises:
  • high forces occur against the arc plasma, which push the plasma out of the contact gap to the switching chamber wall and shift the arc attachment points to the outer switching contact circumference, where they can burn there.
  • This fact has the consequence that after-heating or thermal emission as well as thermal emission can cause the arc to re-ignite after the zero crossing of the sinusoidal alternating current due to thermal overloading of the contact surfaces concerned, as a result of which the current can no longer be safely extinguished or switched off .
  • a strong local melting of the contact piece is associated with high burn-up losses.
  • the parameters of the axial magnetic field are essentially dependent on the design of the associated coil former.
  • Known forms of contact for self-generating axial magnetic fields are usually composed of arc-shaped or hook-shaped coil elements.
  • each contact consists of a contact piece and a coil located behind it, the latter being formed with approximately spoke-shaped arms as first conductor sections and annular regions attached thereto as second conductor sections.
  • the second conductor sections adjoin each other in the area of the greatest distance of the first conductor section from the central axis and run in the same direction on a circular arc that extends approximately parallel to the outer circumference of the one contact piece up to a gap-shaped distance to the respectively adjacent first line section and there in passes over a third conductor section.
  • the bobbins with the conductor sections are aligned with one another in both contacts.
  • the production of the contacts with the associated coil elements is comparatively complex, such an arrangement being mechanically not very stable.
  • a contact arrangement in which behind the actual contact piece there are conductor sections in which partial currents are guided in the radial and circumferential directions to generate an axial magnetic field in the contact arrangement, the contacts being lined up in the circumferential direction contain cross-section-reducing recesses and the webs remaining between the recesses form radially extending conductor sections.
  • the contacts of the same design are installed in a contact arrangement rotated about the longitudinal axis in such a way that in each case a recess in one contact faces a web of the other contact and covers it.
  • This is intended to form contact areas between the cutouts and the periphery of the contacts, a gap leading to the contact edge of each cutout in order to delimit a conductor section in the circumferential direction.
  • the overlapping gaps of the contacts are placed where the cutouts intersect in order to achieve a contact opening in the radial direction.
  • Circular perforations for example, can be provided as cutouts in this contact arrangement.
  • the mutually facing contact surfaces of the two contacts must be provided with a contact material suitable for vacuum switches, for which purpose a thin disk or a layer of this material is to be applied to the arrangement described.
  • a contact arrangement for vacuum switches with an axial magnetic field of the type mentioned is also known, in which there are recesses, which can be circular, for example, and slots which each have the recesses from one side to the circumference of the disk continue.
  • the approximately radial slots are sawn from the outside in so that they meet the recesses which were previously drilled as holes.
  • the two contact pieces with the axial magnetic field generating conductors to be completely identical.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the contact arrangement of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that it is even more effective than the previously known arrangements with regard to the generation of an axial magnetic field.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in a contact arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset in that the slots run at an acute angle with the circumferential tangent from the outside diameter of the disk, tangentially to the circular recesses with the outside edge, and in that the contacts arranged opposite one another are oriented azimuthally in such a way that that the circular recesses of the two opposite disks are congruent in the axial direction, two adjacent tangential slots, however, only face each other on the outer diameter of the disks.
  • This contact arrangement is intended to achieve a radial magnetic field and thus tangential circulation of the arc.
  • the radial and azimuthal conductor elements in the disks change their surface continuously and that there is an optimal cross-sectional change for the coil arms thus formed, which supports the course of the magnetic field in the desired manner.
  • the fact that the adjacent slots face each other on the outer diameter of the disk minimizes the current path. This remains even when the contacts open and the axial magnetic field effective on the outer switching contact circumference is stable.
  • the disc acting as a coil can be produced in a simple manner, for example as a cast part, stamped part or also as a stamped and stamped part.
  • the radial and azimuthal current conductors of the disk forming the coil can consist of a different number of conductor elements. For example, for shutdown currents up to approx. 40 kA, at least three, preferably four, elements will be necessary. For switch-off currents above approx. 40 kA, gene preferably needs six or more elements. In the event that, for example, two circular cutouts are lined up directly in the disk, the individual radial and azimuthal current conductors can also consist of at least three, preferably four, elements for switch-off currents above approximately 40 kA.
  • the webs at the ends of the current conductors can have triangular or square bases.
  • Such webs can be separate, non-cutting sheets made of electrically good conductive material; but they can also be directly molded from the disc.
  • a spacer made of poorly electrically conductive material can be arranged on the disc opposite the web in order to improve the mechanical stability.
  • a contact piece pad made of electrically highly conductive material can additionally be present between the disk and the actual contact piece. It is advantageous if the contact pieces and the optionally available contact piece supports have at least the same number of radial slots corresponding to the number of circular recesses in the disk, which serve to suppress eddy currents. However, these slots do not coincide with the slots in the coil former, but rather run over the edges of the webs facing away from the slots.
  • the actual contact piece is made in a known manner from a material based on copper and chrome: the contact piece is preferably rounded at the edges towards the button.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 representations corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 4 of a second exemplary embodiment
  • FIG 9 shows the top view of the coil former of a third exemplary embodiment.
  • the first exemplary embodiment has a division into four and is designed for currents up to approximately 40 kA, with no contact piece support being present here.
  • the second exemplary embodiment has a six division and is designed for currents above approximately 40 kA, a contact piece support being provided as an example in this embodiment.
  • the third embodiment is also provided for cutoff currents above 40 kA.
  • 10 denotes a contact pin which carries two disks 20 and 40 lying one above the other.
  • the upper disk 40 realizes the contact piece, which consists of a material based on copper and chromium (CuCr) and has strongly rounded edges 42 on the outer diameter.
  • the contact piece 40 can be soldered to a copper base, which will be discussed later.
  • the CuCr disk 40 is soldered and electrically connected to the disk 20 underneath, which is designed as a coil for generating an axial magnetic field, via copper webs 50. Spacers 60 are present opposite the web 50.
  • a metallic support body 70 made of electrically poorly conductive material is arranged between the contact pin 10, the coil disk 20 and the contact piece 40. This ensures that the current flow during the switch-off process predominantly flows over the radial and azimuthal current conductors provided for generating the magnetic field as coil arms.
  • the geometric design of the coil disk 20 is shown in detail in FIG 2.
  • the circular disc 20 has a diameter of approximately 75 mm.
  • Tangential slots 22 run from the periphery of the disk 20 to the recesses 21, an angle of less than 90 ° (acute angle) being formed in each case by the slot 22 and the tangent to the periphery of the disk 20.
  • a further recess 23 is made centrally in the disk 20, the diameter of which is adapted to the support body.
  • the disk 20 By shaping the disk 20 in this way, four identical current conductors 24 are formed, each extending initially radially and then azimuthally starting from the circumference of the recess 23.
  • the special arrangement of the cutouts 21 and the webs 22 means that the current conductors 24 have a continuously changing cross section over the entire area.
  • the section end of the current conductors 24 delimited by the slots 22 is designated by 25.
  • the webs 50 according to FIG. 1 are applied, for example soldered, to these approximately triangular regions 25.
  • Spacers 60 according to FIG. 1 are introduced into corresponding recesses 26 on the other side of the slots, thereby ensuring adequate mechanical stability. By choosing the material of the spacers 60, poor electrical conductivity is taken care of.
  • FIG. 3 there are also slots 41 in the contact disk 40 lying above the coil disk 20.
  • the number of slots 41 corresponds to the number of circular recesses 21 with tangential slots 22, the slots 41 of the contact disk 40 running through corresponding azimuthal orientation of the disks 20 and 40 relative to one another in such a way that they cover the web areas 25 on the slots 22 of the coil disk Limit 20 opposite side.
  • the described design of the coil disk 20 ensures that the current flows in each case with radial and azimuthal components from the contact pin 10 via the disk 20 and the webs 50 into the actual contact piece 40, so that an axial magnetic field component is generated. It has been shown that a high continuous current carrying capacity of the contact arrangement is ensured in the construction of the contacts shown. The formation of eddy currents in the contact pieces 40 is effectively prevented by the slots 41 located therein.
  • a and B mean two contacts of identical construction according to FIGS. 1 to 3 described above, which are displaceable in the axial direction and can therefore establish or interrupt an electrical contact.
  • the contacts are in turn made up of bolts 10a and b, the coil disk 20a and b, and the contact disk 40a and b, respectively.
  • the contact pin 10a or b tapers here with its portion 11a or b to the disk 20a or b.
  • the two contacts A and B are oriented azimuthally in FIG. 4 in such a way that the respective circular recesses 21 in the disks 20a and b are congruent with one another in the axial direction, while the associated tangential slots 22 are only opposite one another on the outer diameter of the disks 20a and b.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 the same reference numerals are used in principle as in FIGS. 1 to 4. 5 shows that here, in addition, a contact piece pad 30 is arranged between the coil disk 20 and the contact disk 40, which serves for heat dissipation. The disks 30 and 40 are soldered together.
  • a larger disk with six sections is selected for higher currents.
  • six circular recesses 21 of approximately 20 mm in diameter are made on a disc 20 of approximately 100 mm in diameter on a circle which is concentric with the circumference and has half the disc diameter, and tangential slots 22 approach from the diameter of the circle.
  • the slots 22 in turn form an acute angle with an amount of less than 90 ° with the tangent to the circumference of the disk 20.
  • Such a configuration forms six current conductors 24, each with a radial and an azimuthal region, the surface of the current conductor again continuously changing over the entire region.
  • an angular surface 25 is formed, on which the web 50 according to FIG. 5 is located.
  • the spacers 60 made of poorly conductive material are in turn present in order to ensure mechanical stability in recesses 26.
  • slots 41 and 31 in the CrCu contact disk 40 and additionally in the contact piece support 30 present here the disks 30 and 40 being oriented on the coil disk 20 in such a way that the slots 31 and 41 are each the one Limit slots 22 on the opposite side of the web area 25.
  • the contact arrangement according to FIGS. 1 to 4 is suitable for currents up to approx. 40 kA and the contact arrangement according to FIGS. 5 to 8 is suitable for currents above approx. 40 kA.
  • 9 shows that two circular cutouts 21 can also be arranged in groups in a coil disk 20. In total, only four total recesses are necessary with a high current carrying capacity. From one side of the cutouts, slots 22 are again brought into the cutouts 21 at an acute angle with the tangent to the circumference of the circle.
  • the end region of the current conductors 24 for the webs 50 results here in an approximately trapezoidal shape with 25.
  • Corresponding support bodies made of electrically poorly conductive material are provided in depressions 26.
  • the overlying contact disk 40 or contact piece support 30 in turn has corresponding slots 31 and 41, which each delimit the other web side.
  • the dimensions of the contacts with the contact piece 40 and the coil disk 20 behind it can be varied.
  • the ratio of the overall diameter to the diameter of the circular recesses 21 is advantageously between 3: 1 and 6: 1. Tests have shown that with such a dimensioning an optimized axial magnetic field is achieved.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Dispositif de contact pour des interrupteurs sous vide, comportant deux contacts (A, B), qui sont disposés coaxialement en vis-à-vis l'un de l'autre, sont déplaçables l'un par rapport à l'autre dans leur direction axiale et sont constitués chacun par une pièce de contact en forme de disque munie d'une surface de contact, et par un disque (20) situé à distance en arrière de cette surface et réalisé ; en un matériau bon conducteur de l'électricité, lesquels disques (20a, 20b) sont reliés chacun directement à une broche centrale (10) d'amenée du courant et forment, par leur configuration comprenant des évidements de forme circulaire (21 a, 21 b) et des fentes (21), des conducteurs s'étendant dans les directions radiale et azimutale, et, de ce fait, des moyens pour produire des champs magnétiques axiaux, le courant circulant depuis la broche (10) d'alimentation en courant jusqu'à la pièce de contact en passant dans les conducteurs du disque (20) et dans les barrettes limitées latéralement par les fentes (22), caractérisé par le fait que les fentes (22) s'étendent, en faisant un angle aigu « 90°) avec la tangente à la circonférence extérieure du disque (20), à partir de cette circonférence, de telle sorte que leurs bords extérieurs sont tangents aux évidements circulaires (21), et que les contacts (A, B), disposés réciproquement en vis-à-vis, sont orientés dans la direction azimutale de telle sorte que les évidements circulaires (21 a, 21b) des deux disques (20a, 20b), disposés en vis-à-vis, sont en recouvrement dans la direction axiale, tandis que deux fentes tangentielles voisines (22) sont situées mutuellement en vis-à-vis uniquement au niveau du pourtour extérieur des disques (20a, 20b).
2. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, pour des courants de coupure atteignant jusqu'à environ 40 kA, les différents conducteurs (26), qui s'étendent dans les directions radiale et azimutale, sont constitués par au moins trois et de préférence quatre éléments.
3. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, pour des courants de coupure dépassant environ 40 kA, les différents conducteurs 24, qui s'étendent dans les directions radiale et azimutale, sont. constitués par six éléments ou plus.
4. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, pour la formation des conducteurs s'étendant dans les directions radiale et azimutale, deux ou plusieurs évidements circulaires (21) sont disposés côte-à-côte.
5. Dispositif de contact selon la revendication 4, dans lequel notamment deux évidements circulaires sont disposés l'un à côté de l'autre, caractérisé en ce que, pour des courants de coupure dépassant environ 40 kA, les différents conducteurs (24), qui s'étendent dans des directions radiale et azimutale, sont constitués par au moins trois et de préférence quatre éléments.
6. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les barrettes (50), disposées sur les extrémités (25) des conducteurs (24), possèdent une surface de base triangulaire ou carrée.
7. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les barrettes (50) sont des tôles façonnées sans formation de copeaux, qui sont réalisées en matériau bon conducteur de l'électricité, par exemple du cuivre, et sont soudées sur le disque (20).
8. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que les barrettes (50) sont façonnées par emboutissage à partir du disque (20).
9. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que sur le disque (20) sont présentes des entretoises (60), qui sont réparties dans la direction azimutale et, sur l'autre face des fentes (22), sont situées respectivement en vis-à-vis des barrettes (50).
10. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les disques (20) comportant les évidements (21) et les fentes (22) sont des pièces en fonte.
11. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'un support (30) pour une pièce de contact , et qui est réalisé en un matériau bon conducteur de l'électricité, est disposé entre un disque (20) et une pièce de contact (40).
12. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les pièces de contact (40a, 40b) et éventuellement les supports (30a, 30b) des pièces de contact comportent un nombre de fentes radiales (31, 41) servant à supprimer des courants de Foucault, qui est égal au moins au nombre des évidements circulaires (21) ménagés dans le disque (20).
13. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que les fentes radiales (31, 41), présentes dans la pièce de contact (40) et éventuellement dans le support (30) de la pièce de contact, s'étendent au-delà des bords des barrettes (50), tournées à l'opposé des fentes (22).
14. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la pièce de contact (40) est arrondie sur son pourtour et est réalisée en un matériau à base de cuivre ou de chrome (CuCr).
EP86105595A 1985-05-06 1986-04-23 Dispositif de contact pour interrupteur sous vide Expired EP0203367B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3516205 1985-05-06
DE3516205 1985-05-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0203367A1 EP0203367A1 (fr) 1986-12-03
EP0203367B1 true EP0203367B1 (fr) 1989-07-12

Family

ID=6269934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86105595A Expired EP0203367B1 (fr) 1985-05-06 1986-04-23 Dispositif de contact pour interrupteur sous vide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0203367B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61256525A (fr)
DE (1) DE3664394D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4121685A1 (de) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Licentia Gmbh Vakuumschaltkammer

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3900684A1 (de) * 1989-01-12 1990-07-26 Sachsenwerk Ag Schaltkontakt fuer vakuumschalter
WO1996009637A1 (fr) * 1994-09-22 1996-03-28 Ernst Slamecka Systeme de contact pour commutateur a vide
DE19518233A1 (de) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Slamecka Ernst Vakuumschalter-Kontaktanordnung
ATE506683T1 (de) * 2006-04-20 2011-05-15 Abb Technology Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines kontaktstückes, sowie kontaktstück für nieder-, mittel,- hochspannungs- und generatorschaltgeräte
KR20130000677A (ko) 2011-06-23 2013-01-03 엘에스산전 주식회사 진공 인터럽터의 전극 조립체
DE102019219879B4 (de) 2019-12-17 2023-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen von verschweißbar ausgestalteten Kupferschaltkontakten und Vakuumleistungsschalter mit solchen Kontaktstücken

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3809836A (en) * 1972-12-21 1974-05-07 Gen Electric Vacuum-type electric circuit interrupter
DE2429484A1 (de) * 1974-06-20 1976-01-08 Siemens Ag Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter
DE2644234A1 (de) * 1976-09-30 1978-04-06 Siemens Ag Vakuumschalter
DE3215020A1 (de) * 1982-04-22 1983-10-27 Calor-Emag Elektrizitäts-Aktiengesellschaft, 4030 Ratingen Vakuumschalter
DE3334493A1 (de) * 1983-09-23 1985-04-04 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter
DE3338254A1 (de) * 1983-10-21 1984-03-08 Ritter Starkstromtechnik GmbH & Co, 4600 Dortmund Kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4121685A1 (de) * 1991-06-29 1993-01-07 Licentia Gmbh Vakuumschaltkammer
DE4121685C2 (de) * 1991-06-29 2002-10-31 Alstom Vakuumschalttechnik Gmb Vakuumschaltkammer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3664394D1 (en) 1989-08-17
JPS61256525A (ja) 1986-11-14
EP0203367A1 (fr) 1986-12-03

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