EP0177750B1 - Dispositif de contact pour coupe-circuit sous vide - Google Patents

Dispositif de contact pour coupe-circuit sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0177750B1
EP0177750B1 EP85111118A EP85111118A EP0177750B1 EP 0177750 B1 EP0177750 B1 EP 0177750B1 EP 85111118 A EP85111118 A EP 85111118A EP 85111118 A EP85111118 A EP 85111118A EP 0177750 B1 EP0177750 B1 EP 0177750B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
faces
arc
arc burning
axial direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85111118A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0177750A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst-Ludwig Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Hoene
Roman Dr. Dipl.-Phys. Renz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0177750A1 publication Critical patent/EP0177750A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0177750B1 publication Critical patent/EP0177750B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6644—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having coil-like electrical connections between contact rod and the proper contact

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a contact arrangement for vacuum switches according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a contact arrangement is known from US Pat. No. 4,196,327.
  • current loops are arranged behind the switching pieces, which generate areas of high and areas of low magnetic field strength in the axial direction in the contact piece and in the contact areas. Adjacent areas of high magnetic field strength in some cases have an opposite polarity of the field strength.
  • Vacuum switches of this type are distinguished by rapid dielectric reconsolidation of the switching path after the zero current crossing (sheet break).
  • This advantage of the vacuum switch can with unfavorable circuit data or electrical conditions in the network, for. B. when switching off starting motors, have a negative impact. This can lead to premature zero current crossings with high steepness, which leads to phenomena that are referred to in the literature as "multiple reignitions" and can essentially lead to disruptive overvoltages at switch-off currents ⁇ 1 kA in the network.
  • the switching path is influenced in accordance with the prior art in such a way that the tear-off current strength is kept small, whereby the overvoltages are generally reduced.
  • a so-called “low surge material”. include, for example, chrome-copper composite materials with the addition of bismuth or tellurium. Such materials, however, have only a relatively small maximum switching capacity, in particular because of their high vapor pressure.
  • the object on which the present invention is based is to provide a contact arrangement which, on the one hand, has a sufficiently slow re-solidification of the dielectric when switching off currents which are approximately equal to or less than the nominal current, and on the other hand has a high switching capacity at higher currents guaranteed.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that a metal vapor arc in the vacuum interrupter under the influence of an axial magnetic field after ignition within a commutation time t o , which decreases with increasing current and is, for example, about 3 ms at 10 kA, into a diffuse burning State changes, specifically in contact areas in which the specific induction B z / 1 caused by the axial magnetic field component reaches a minimum value.
  • the arc voltage is many times lower than the value of the arc voltage in a contracted arc.
  • a corresponding shape and arrangement ensures that the arc is drawn first in the contact areas and that is in the low-surge range when the contacts are separated.
  • the concentratedly burning arc quickly shifts within t o to the areas of maximum magnetic field strength, whereby depending on the local field distribution it dissolves into a diffuse arc or into several diffusely burning partial arcs. There, as already known, it burns with a greatly reduced arc voltage on contact surfaces with a high load capacity. This prevents that the contact faces which consist of a so-called low-surge-material, are thermally overloaded and ensures that the sheet night t o burns in the field of appropriate for high switching performance arcing surfaces and thus ensures a high breaking capacity of the contact assembly.
  • the current loops mentioned in the claim can be attached to one or both contacts or otherwise fixed in their position relative to the contacts so that their magnetic field at the points of the contact surfaces, which are made of low-surge contact material, is significantly smaller than in the arc burners surfaces with highly resilient contact material. As long as this condition is met, any form of current loop can be used.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the contact arrangement according to the invention consists in that the contact surfaces, but not the arcing surfaces, of a contact piece can be brought into contact with the corresponding surfaces of the second contact piece. This ensures in a simple manner that the arc is only drawn in the area of the contact surfaces.
  • An embodiment with only one arc burning surface, in which only a diffuse arc arises, is provided in that the contact surface represents a circular ring and in that the arc burning surface concentrically adjoins this circular ring in the interior of this circular ring.
  • the arc burning surface can completely fill the circular ring formed by the contact surfaces or can itself be designed in a ring shape, in both cases there is a diffusely burning arc which fills the entire arc burning surface.
  • An embodiment with a plurality of diffusely burning arcs is achieved in that the contact surface represents a circular disk concentric to the contact axis and in that the arcing surfaces lie on a ring surrounding the contact surface.
  • This embodiment is particularly advantageously used in conjunction with generation of the axial magnetic field by conductor loops if the conductor loops are arranged on the side of the contact piece facing away from the contact surface and, such as, for. B. from US-PS 4,196,327, each include only one sector of an annulus.
  • field-free means free of the axial field, which is caused by the current in the conductor loop.
  • two or more arcing surfaces can be generated particularly easily on the ring, the arcing surfaces being penetrated by axial magnetic fields of different field directions.
  • a diffuse arc in the focal areas is guaranteed if the current-related, specific field strength in the axial direction in the contact areas is below and in the arc focal areas above 1.5 pT / A.
  • the value of 3 jj.T / A should at least be reached in the areas of maximum field strength of the arc burning surfaces so that the arc burning voltage reaches its minimum.
  • the sheet on the location moves to the arc ignition at current levels above the value is from which to expect the occurrence of multiple re-ignitions within t o in the arc burning faces and merges into a diffuse burning state.
  • the diffuse arc burns evenly, its burning voltage is several times lower than that of a contracted arc. This advantage is particularly important for currents of more than 10 kA, in which the arc burns contracted without an axial magnetic field and, based on experience, has an unstable behavior.
  • Chrome-copper which guarantees a high switching capacity, is suitable as contact material for the arc burners.
  • FIGS. 1 and 4 show the distribution of the specific induction in the axial direction for two exemplary embodiments
  • FIGS. 2 and 5 show the associated contact surfaces and arcing surfaces schematically
  • FIGS. 3 and 6 each show an exemplary embodiment of a corresponding contact piece.
  • an annular contact surface 1 with a truncated cone-shaped transmission region 3 encloses an arc burning surface 2.
  • a low-surge material is contained in the contact surface 1, so that no disturbing current chopping can occur there.
  • the arc burning surface 2 consists of a contact material for high breaking capacities, for example chrome-copper.
  • This contact advantageously has the structure shown in FIG. 3, in which a contact carrier 4 is made pot-shaped from an electrically highly conductive material and has slots 6 in its contact carrier wall which form a relatively large angle with the axis of rotation 7, as a result of which an axial magnetic field component is produced. This angle is approximately 70 °, for example.
  • the webs 8 remaining between the slots 6 are made of a material with low electrical conductivity, e.g. B. with a rotating body R, made of ceramic or metal relieved or supported so that the contact has the necessary mechanical strength.
  • the webs 8 here form sections of conductor loops for generating a magnetic field with an axial component.
  • the axial component of the magnetic field has a current-related minimum induction B z (min) / 1 of 1.5 ⁇ / A in the arcing area 2 on a contact disk 5, which is made of a material with a large switching capacity.
  • the adjoining transition surface 3 and the contact surface 1 are formed from a ring made of low-surge material, the dimensions of which ensure that the current-related minimum induction B z (min) / 1 is exceeded within the transition zone.
  • This ring made of low-surge material and the contact disk 5 are expediently provided with radial slots S in order to avoid eddy current formation in the contact, which can reduce the axial field component to a remainder of approximately 30%.
  • This embodiment forms a diffusely burning arcing area which fills the entire arcing area 2.
  • the maximum specific induction B z (max) / 1 is in the region of the axis of rotation of the contact. It exceeds the value 3 (JLT / A (unipole contact).
  • the second embodiment according to the Fig. 4 to 6 has a disc-shaped contact surface 9 and an adjoining, concentric ring 10 which is made of a material for high switching powers, for. B. chrome copper. Behind the ring 10 there are conductor loops which are traversed by parts of the current flowing through the contact and which fix arc-burning surfaces 11 to 14 on the contact ring, in which the minimum value for the specific induction B z (min) / l is exceeded. The field between adjacent arc burning surfaces 11 to 14 changes its direction (multipole contact).
  • a simple embodiment of such a contact is provided in that the contact ring 10 is part of a contact disk 15 and in that a disk 20 made of low-surge material, which forms the contact surface 9, is applied concentrically to the contact disk 15.
  • the magnetic field acting in the axial direction is formed by a winding arrangement known per se in the form of a spoke wheel, with 16, 17 mutually perpendicular spokes, which lead to a ring 18.
  • the spokes 16 and 17 are supported against one another in the axial direction by a support body 19 with low electrical conductivity. The current flows from the spoke 16 through the ring 18 into the spoke 17 and from there into the contact disk 15.
  • the minimum value of the specific induction is reached in the arcing areas, but the peak value of the specific induction is lower than in example 1. Since in this arrangement the migration of the arc into the arcing areas is favored by the current forces which cause the arc in the radial direction pushing outward, a certain distance between the contact surface 9 and the arc burning surfaces 11 to 14 is also permissible in this example.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif de contact pour un interrupteur à vide, qui contient des pièces de contact et des dispositifs pour produire un champ magnétique dans la direction axiale, et dans lequel chaque contact comporte au moins une surface de contact (1 ; 9) susceptible d'être amenée en contact avec une surface de contact, située en vis-à-vis dans la direction axiale, du second contact, et dans lequel les boucles de courant dans les pièces de contact produisent des zones présentant des intensités de champ différentes dans la direction axiale, caractérisé par le fait que les pièces de contact possèdent, à proximité des surfaces frontales (1 ; 9), des surfaces (2 ; 11 à 14) de combustion de l'arc électrique, en vis-à-vis desquelles sont disposées, dans la direction axiale, des surfaces correspondantes de combustion de l'arc électrique du second contact, et que les pièces de contact sont conformées de manière que l'arc électrique de coupure se forme uniquement au niveau des surfaces de contact (1 ; 9), que les dispositifs servant à produire un champ magnétique axial sont conformés de manière à ' produire, dans les surfaces de contact (1 : 9), un champ magnétique axial plus faible que dans les surfaces (2 ; 11 à 14) de combustion de l'arc électrique et que les pièces de contact contiennent, dans la zone des surfaces de contact (1 ; 9), un matériau présentant un faible courant d'arrachement de l'arc (low-surge-material) et, dans la zone des surfaces (2 ; 11 à 14) de combustion de l'arc électrique, un matériau présentant une grande puissance de coupure.
2. Dispositif de contact suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les surfaces de contact (1 ; 9), mais pas les surfaces (2 ; 11-14) de combustion de l'arc électrique, d'une pièce de contact peuvent être amenées en contact avec les surfaces correspondantes de la seconde pièce de contact.
3. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la surface de contact représente un anneau circulaire (1), qu'une zone de transition (3) formée par un matériau dit « low-surge-material » se raccorde à cet anneau circulaire en direction de son axe de rotation et que la surface (2) de combustion de l'arc électrique se raccorde à cette zone de transition et est disposée concentriquement avec une symétrie de révolution.
4. Dispositif de contact suivant l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que la surface de contact (9) représente un disque circulaire (10) concentrique par rapport à l'axe (7) du contact et que les surfaces (11-14) de combustion de l'arc électrique sont situées sur un anneau circulaire (10) entourant la surface de contact (9).
5. Montage suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que deux ou plusieurs surfaces (11-14) de combustion de l'arc électrique sont situées sur l'anneau circulaire (10) et que les dispositifs correspondants servant à produire les champs magnétiques axiaux produisent des champs magnétiques possédant des directions différentes.
6. Montage suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que l'intensité de champ spécifique, rapportée au courant, dans la direction axiale, est inférieure à 1,5 µT/A dans la surface de contact (1 ; 9) et est supérieure à 1,5 µT/A dans les surfaces (2 ; 11-14) de combustion de l'arc électrique.
7. Montage suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'intensité de champ dans la direction axiale est égale à au moins 3 µT/A dans les zones, présentant l'intensité de champ maximale, des surfaces (2 ; 11-14) de combustion de l'arc électrique.
EP85111118A 1984-09-28 1985-09-03 Dispositif de contact pour coupe-circuit sous vide Expired EP0177750B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3435815 1984-09-28
DE3435815 1984-09-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0177750A1 EP0177750A1 (fr) 1986-04-16
EP0177750B1 true EP0177750B1 (fr) 1989-03-15

Family

ID=6246705

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111118A Expired EP0177750B1 (fr) 1984-09-28 1985-09-03 Dispositif de contact pour coupe-circuit sous vide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4727228A (fr)
EP (1) EP0177750B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6185733A (fr)
DE (1) DE3568902D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4013903A1 (de) * 1990-04-25 1990-11-22 Slamecka Ernst Magnetfeld-kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4970287A (en) * 1987-11-23 1990-11-13 Olin Hunt Specialty Products Inc. Thermally stable phenolic resin compositions with ortho, ortho methylene linkage
US4837121A (en) * 1987-11-23 1989-06-06 Olin Hunt Specialty Products Inc. Thermally stable light-sensitive compositions with o-quinone diazide and phenolic resin
DE4214550A1 (de) * 1992-04-29 1993-11-04 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltroehre
US5438174A (en) * 1993-11-22 1995-08-01 Eaton Corporation Vacuum interrupter with a radial magnetic field
US6747233B1 (en) 2001-12-28 2004-06-08 Abb Technology Ag Non-linear magnetic field distribution in vacuum interrupter contacts

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980850A (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-09-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Vacuum interrupter with cup-shaped contact having an inner arc controlling electrode
JPS58810B2 (ja) * 1976-12-06 1983-01-08 株式会社日立製作所 真空しや断器
JPS53147270A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-12-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Vacuum circuit breaker
NL168361C (nl) * 1977-12-05 1982-03-16 Hazemeijer Bv Elektrische vacuumschakelaar.
CA1236868A (fr) * 1983-03-15 1988-05-17 Yoshiyuki Kashiwagi Interrupteur sous vide

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4013903A1 (de) * 1990-04-25 1990-11-22 Slamecka Ernst Magnetfeld-kontaktanordnung fuer vakuumschalter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6185733A (ja) 1986-05-01
DE3568902D1 (en) 1989-04-20
EP0177750A1 (fr) 1986-04-16
US4727228A (en) 1988-02-23

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