EP0196799B1 - Improvements in or relating to packaging - Google Patents

Improvements in or relating to packaging Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0196799B1
EP0196799B1 EP86301633A EP86301633A EP0196799B1 EP 0196799 B1 EP0196799 B1 EP 0196799B1 EP 86301633 A EP86301633 A EP 86301633A EP 86301633 A EP86301633 A EP 86301633A EP 0196799 B1 EP0196799 B1 EP 0196799B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
containers
layer
plastics
web
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86301633A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0196799A1 (en
Inventor
Anthony Thomas Baden Fuller
Arthur Neville Jones
Andrew Nicholas Ferrar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
REDFEARN FLEXPACK Ltd
Keyes Fibre Corp
Original Assignee
REDFEARN FLEXPACK Ltd
Bunzl Flexpack Ltd
Keyes Fibre Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by REDFEARN FLEXPACK Ltd, Bunzl Flexpack Ltd, Keyes Fibre Corp filed Critical REDFEARN FLEXPACK Ltd
Priority to AT86301633T priority Critical patent/ATE34539T1/de
Publication of EP0196799A1 publication Critical patent/EP0196799A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0196799B1 publication Critical patent/EP0196799B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/02—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs
    • B65B9/04—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material between opposed webs one or both webs being formed with pockets for the reception of the articles, or of the quantities of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2577/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks, bags
    • B65D2577/10—Container closures formed after filling
    • B65D2577/20—Container closures formed after filling by applying separate lids or covers
    • B65D2577/2025—Multi-layered container, e.g. laminated, coated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to packaging and is concerned. with an improved method for automatically packaging articles such as fresh and frozen, raw or prepared foods, such as meat, fish, cheese, bakery products, fruit and vegetables, as well as for packaging sterile or sterilisable articles for hospital and other use.
  • a web of relatively thick plastics material such as a poly- vinylchloride/polyethylene layer is thermo- formed to make containers in the form of trays or the like to receive the articles to be packaged.
  • the containers are formed in a grid pattern.
  • the containers are then filled, as with fresh meat portions or meat products and a web or film of plastics material is fed on to the containers from above.
  • modified atmosphere packaging in which the atmosphere in contact with the contents of the containers is controlled as, for example, to its oxygen content, although, in fact, for packaging some articles no actual modification of the atmosphere is required, while in other cases modification of the atmosphere present in the package may occur during storage by reaction with the product being stored.
  • modified atmosphere packaging in which the atmosphere in contact with the contents of the containers is controlled as, for example, to its oxygen content, although, in fact, for packaging some articles no actual modification of the atmosphere is required, while in other cases modification of the atmosphere present in the package may occur during storage by reaction with the product being stored.
  • the containers may then be separated by cutting.
  • the range of materials which can be utilized to form the pack- .age is limited.
  • the base components are prepared by thermo-forming to yield deep tray-like structures which are subsequently closed by heat-sealing a membrane around the peripheral lip of the base component to contain within the package a product and an appropriate gas mixture.
  • the thick polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ply of the laminate is employed to provide the package with gas-impermeability and to impart physical rigidity to the finished closed package and to ensure that the package is substantially gas-tight.
  • the polyvinylchloride has to be relatively thick. While it is theoretically possible to heat seal a lid of similar PVC, to a container of the material, difficulties arise in practice and it is preferable to use an adhesive or hot melt adhesive bond to join the lid to the container. However, such containers of thick PVC are too expensive to be a viable commercial proposition.
  • a plastics container is to have sufficient rigidity for the required purpose, it is a fact that the side walls of the container must be vertical otherwise the container is unacceptably floppy. Since most shallow plastics containers are formed by deep-drawing techniques, either by pressure or vacuum-forming, an unacceptable thinning of the material occurs at the corners. Thus, for example, a sheet of plastics material 0.5 mm. thick when drawn down to form a shallow tray may have a base of about 0.375 mm. thick but may have a thickness at the corners of 0.160 to 0.125 mm. At this thickness the material is very vulnerable to rupture or damage.
  • the modified atmosphere packaging process is limited to large scale factory operations employing expensive and complex packaging equipment using rolls of laminate material for forming the base components, which rolls have to be of large diameter if the process is to be economically feasible. Accordingly, the process can only be made use of by a few of the largest packers or processing companies.
  • the plastics material used to line the preformed containers is preferably a multilayer film having a gas-permeable layer and a thermoplastic layer and is very much thinner than the material of which the containers were thermo-formed in the prior process. Therefore, less reel changes are needed and a faster cycle time can be effected due to the use of thinner material in the thermo-forming stage. Furthermore, the cutting mechanism for separating the sealed containers into individual packages can be of lighter construction as it may need to cut only through two thin films of plastics.
  • the containers are preferably formed of porous fibrous material such as moulded fibre pulp, paper, cardboard or fibre board made in conventional manner by moulding fibres deposited by paper-making techniques.
  • the containers may be made from bonded wood chips, bonded fibre material or other suitable gas-previous membranes.
  • the containers may also be formed from foamed open-cell or fibrous struc- iures of plastics which may contain fillers. It is necessa ry that the material of which the containers are made should be rigid and porous and have at its surface interstices into which the thermoplastic layer of the multi-layer lining film can be coherently bonded.
  • the present method is very suitable for use with lining and/or lidding materials comprising polyesters as these will be in thin layers which are very much more easy to process than thick polyester layers.
  • the sealing is effected using a lid or closing membrane which may be a multilayer film having a gas-impermeable layer and a thermoplasstic layer.
  • the plastics film used to line the preformed containers may comprise a single layer of thermoplastic plastics, such as polypropylene, or a layer of plastics material such as a polyester, for example, polyethyleneterephthalate, or an amide, such as nylon, with a layer of thermoplastic adhesive whereby the liner can be adhered to the container.
  • thermoplastic plastics such as polypropylene
  • plastics material such as a polyester, for example, polyethyleneterephthalate, or an amide, such as nylon
  • the plastics film used to line the preformed containers is preferably a multilayer film at least some of the layers of which are thermoplastic.
  • the multilayer film may comprise any desired number of layers required to give the film the necessary thermoplasticity and gas-impermeability.
  • the film bonded to the container is a multilayer film comprising at least three layers, namely a first layer capable of bonding strongly to the surface of the porous container to give a bond at least equal to the inherent mechanical strength thereof, a central layer of gas-impermeable polymeric material, and a third layer of polymeric material capable of bonding to the thermoplastic material of the lid or closing membrane.
  • the multilayer thermoplastic film comprises an ionomeric polymeric material, such as that known under the Registered Trade Mark "SURLYN", as said first and third layers, and the gas-impermeable layer may be of polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol or an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer which may be partly hydrolysed.
  • SURLYN Registered Trade Mark
  • the lid or closing membrane may be made of a similar material to the lining material and preferably has a higher melting or softening point than the inner ionomeric layer.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown plant in which packages of fresh meat are to be formed on a vacuum packaging-gas flush machine, such as a machine ofthetype described in United States Patent US-A-3,956,867 to Kastulus Utz et al.
  • a vacuum packaging-gas flush machine such as a machine ofthetype described in United States Patent US-A-3,956,867 to Kastulus Utz et al.
  • Preformed containers in the form of trays 1 of porous fibre material such as paper, cardboard, fibre board, pulp fibre, wood or fibre chips of foamed plastics material, preferably of moulded pulp fibre, are taken from a stack or stacks 1 of trays by destacking apparatus indicated by arrow 3 and placed in rows across a conveyor 4 so as to form a closely spaced array of trays on the conveyor.
  • the trays 1 are fed by the conveyor to a thermo-forming station 5.
  • the film is coherently bonded to the container by being heated by a heater 8 and by being drawn downwardly by a vacuum applied at a vacuum outlet 9.
  • the film is drawn into the interstsices of the porous substrate so that the polyvinylidene chloride layer is rigidly adhered to the tray.
  • the gas impermeable polyvinylidene chloride layer is rigidly adhered to the tray in such a way as to prevent it from becoming detached and consequently damaged with the resulting deterioration or spoiling of the contents of the package.
  • the containers leaving the chamber are separated by a knife 19 into individual packages 20 which may be subject to edge trimming.
  • the package 20 is shown in greater detail and comprises the porous rigid flanged tray 1, lined with the lining material 7.
  • the lining material 7 comprises a gas-impermeable layer 21 sandwiched between two layers 22 and 23 of ionic polymeric material such as that known under the Registered Trade Mark "SURLYN".
  • SURLYN Registered Trade Mark
  • the layer 22 adjacent the tray 1 has been softened and drawn into the interstices of the tray so that it is coherently bonded to the tray and thus bonds the lining material to the tray.
  • the lidding material 12 is also formed of three layers bonded together to give a united structure which is flexible.
  • the layer 24 which will form the interior of the package is of an ionic polymeric material similar to or the same as that of which the layer 23 is made so that the layers 23 and 24 can be united with one another by a heat-sealing, welding or other bonding operation in the machine 15.
  • the middle layer 25 is, like the layer 21, gas-impermeable and the outer layer 26 is a support layer which has a substantially higher melting point than either of layers 24 and 25 so that it can withstand a heat-sealing or like operation whereby the layers 23 and 24 are united at the edges of the tray 1.
  • the layers 22, 23 and 24 are made of an ionomeric polymer, that is to say a polymer of that class of polymers in which ionised carboxyl groups create ionic cross-links in the molecular structure, which links are reversibly broken at melt temperatures.
  • the layers 22, 23 and 24 may all conveniently be made of the same material, such as that sold under the Registered Trade Mark "SURLYN".
  • the layer 22 may be thicker than the other two layers.
  • the layer 21 of gas-impermeable material is preferably a film of polyvinylidene chloride or a copolymer thereof.
  • the gas-impermeable layer 21 may be a polyvinyl alcohol or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate which may have undergone a degree of hydrolysis.
  • the layer 24 of the lidding material 12 is of an ionomeric polymer material similar to the material from which the layer 23 is made, and the layer 24 must be heat-sealable or weldable to the layer 23. It is a preferred feature of the layer 24 that the surface of this layer in contact with the gaseous atmosphere in the space within the package shall be hydrophilic so that, when the resulting package is in use, a continuous transparent film of water can form on the surface of the layer 24 so as to maintain the visibility of the contents of the package.
  • the lidding material of the final package thus has an antifog inner surface adjacent the space containing the contents of the package.
  • the layer 24 can be made hydrophilic in conventional manner as by incorporation of a surfactant into or onto the layer.
  • the layers 23 and 24 can be pigmented white or other desired colour to give an enhanced appeal to the subsequent package.
  • the middle layer 25 of the lidding material is impermeable to gases, such as oxygen and, like the layer 21, may be a vinylidene chloride polymer or copolymer or a vinyl alochol polymer or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate which may be partly hydrolysed.
  • the outmost layer 26 of the lidding material 12 is one which has a substantially higher melting point than either of the layers 24 and 25 so that heat-sealing of the layers 23 and 24 can be effected by heat transmitted through the layers 26 and 25.
  • the layer 26 is conveniently a film of a polyester or polyamide.
  • the tray 1 may be formed with cutouts separated by bars or by cruciform members. The cut outs are bridged by the lining material 7 and it will be appreciated that this arrangement allows the contents of the package to be inspected from underneath. In this case it may be desired to make the inner-surface of the layer 23 hydrophilic also.
  • Stacks of moulded pulp fibre trays sold under the Registered Trade Mark “SHOPAK” by Keyes Fibre Company are fed by a de-nesting apparatus onto a conveyor belt so that a plurality of trays is laid across the belt in rows along the belt.
  • the belt is passed to a thermoforming station together with a first web of plastics material for lining the trays by a vacuum-forming technique.
  • the web as shown in Figure 2, comprises a layer 22 of an ionomeric polymer sold under the Registered Trade Mark “SURLYN” and of a thickness of 75 microns.
  • the layer 23 is of the same material but is only 40 microns thick.
  • the layer 21 between the layers 22 and 23 is a coating of polyvinylidene chloride applied to the layer 21 at a rate of 5 g. per m 2 and adhesively bonded to the layer 22.
  • a food product to be packaged is then placed in the space in the container and the lidding material 12 is applied on top of the package and heat- sealed thereto after the atmosphere in the space has been controlled to the desired composition.
  • the material 12 comprises a layer 24 of the same material as the layers 22 and 23 but of 40 micron thickness.
  • the layer 25 comprises a coating of polyvinylidene chloride applied at a rate of 3 g. per M 2 to the layer 24 and adhesively bonded to the layer 26 which comprises a layer of polyester 12.5 micron thick.
  • the packaging of the food products is suitably conducted in a conventional packaging machine in which the atmosphere inside the space is controlled, the choice of gas composition depending upon the particular food product being packaged.
  • Mixtures of carbon dioxide and oxygen are generally used for packaging red meat and mixtures of nitrogen and carbon dioxide are used for packaging fish products.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Container Filling Or Packaging Operations (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
EP86301633A 1985-03-11 1986-03-07 Improvements in or relating to packaging Expired EP0196799B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86301633T ATE34539T1 (de) 1985-03-11 1986-03-07 Verpackungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858506246A GB8506246D0 (en) 1985-03-11 1985-03-11 Packaging
GB8506246 1985-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0196799A1 EP0196799A1 (en) 1986-10-08
EP0196799B1 true EP0196799B1 (en) 1988-05-25

Family

ID=10575800

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86301633A Expired EP0196799B1 (en) 1985-03-11 1986-03-07 Improvements in or relating to packaging

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0196799B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS61259905A (ja)
AT (1) ATE34539T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU5473686A (ja)
DE (1) DE3660216D1 (ja)
DK (1) DK110586A (ja)
ES (1) ES8702845A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB8506246D0 (ja)
NO (1) NO860900L (ja)
NZ (1) NZ215441A (ja)
ZA (1) ZA861792B (ja)

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI881056A (fi) * 1987-03-27 1988-09-28 Amerplast Oy Foerfarande foer tillverkning av livsmedelsfoerpackning.
JP2534924B2 (ja) * 1990-03-08 1996-09-18 積水化成品工業株式会社 食品のガス充填包装方法
DE4308684A1 (de) * 1993-03-18 1994-09-22 Dietrich Sylvia Lebensmittelverpackung, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer sauerstoffdichten Verpackung, Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines derartigen Verfahrens und dabei verwendete Schalenreihe
NZ333649A (en) 1996-07-08 2000-06-23 Cryovac Inc Hermetically sealed package, and method and machine for manufacturing it
IT1299700B1 (it) * 1998-02-06 2000-04-04 Serra Ivo Dalla Procedimento per confezionare, particolarmente acciughe, alici, alace e confezione cosi' ottenuta.
DE19828381A1 (de) * 1998-06-25 1999-12-30 Jochen Dietrich Lebensmittelverpackung sowie Verfahren, Zuschnitt und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
DE60025550T2 (de) 2000-04-04 2006-08-24 Brodrene Hartmann A/S Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von aus Fasern bestehenden Gegenständen mit laminierter Kunststoffolie
EP1142690A1 (en) 2000-04-04 2001-10-10 Brodrene Hartmann A/S Method and apparatus for producing trays with a plastic film laminated thereon
ITBO20010294A1 (it) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-11 Infia Holding S R L Impianto, procedimento ed apparecchiatura per la realizzazione di contenitori, in particolare per prodotti ortofrutticoli
KR101300634B1 (ko) * 2012-03-08 2013-08-27 최종갑 펄프몰드의 필름 접합장치
CA2907219C (en) * 2013-03-15 2021-11-02 Daniel P. Soehnlen Method and package for a frozen food product
US10172366B2 (en) 2016-06-16 2019-01-08 JBS, USA Holdings, Inc. “Gentle touch” modified atmosphere meat packaging system and method of packaging meat
DE102017121438A1 (de) * 2017-09-15 2019-03-21 Multivac Sepp Haggenmüller Se & Co. Kg Tiefziehverpackungsmaschine und Verfahren zum Formen einer Folienbahn in Kartonelemente
FI130517B (fi) * 2018-12-14 2023-10-24 Jospak Oy Tuotepakkaus ja menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi sekä pakkausaihio

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1118090B (de) * 1959-06-04 1961-11-23 Habra Werk Ott Kg Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Flachpackungen fuer pastenfoermige halbfeste und feste Fuellgueter mit einer schrittweise bewegbaren und mit Faltwerkzeugen zusammenwirkenden Matrizenkette
BE788975A (fr) * 1972-02-07 1973-01-15 Mayer & Co Inc O Emballage perfectionne et procede pour le fabriquer
GB1401471A (en) * 1972-09-02 1975-07-16 Mayer & Co Inc O Hermetically sealed packages having dual seals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO860900L (no) 1986-09-12
DK110586D0 (da) 1986-03-11
ES8702845A1 (es) 1987-01-16
GB8506246D0 (en) 1985-04-11
JPS61259905A (ja) 1986-11-18
EP0196799A1 (en) 1986-10-08
ES552852A0 (es) 1987-01-16
NZ215441A (en) 1987-07-31
ATE34539T1 (de) 1988-06-15
ZA861792B (en) 1986-10-29
DK110586A (da) 1986-09-12
DE3660216D1 (en) 1988-06-30
AU5473686A (en) 1986-09-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0196799B1 (en) Improvements in or relating to packaging
US4830863A (en) Packaging
US4766018A (en) Readily peelable, sterilizable packages
AU711054B2 (en) Controlled atmosphere package with double cover
US7803416B2 (en) Packaging process for fresh meat products, fresh meat package obtainable thereby and twin lidding film suitable therefor
EP1147048B1 (en) Process for packaging high profile products in a modified atmosphere with an upwardly formed heat shrinkable film
US8770427B2 (en) Reclosable rigid container assembly
KR20160006734A (ko) 제품을 포장하기 위한 장치 및 방법
NZ209123A (en) Vacuum skin packaging
EP1020366B1 (en) Method and apparatus for producing a package having a peelable film with a tab to facilitate peeling
US20110266168A1 (en) Gas barrier and liquid absorbent container for the packaging of food products
GB2115770A (en) Lined, gas-impermeable containers
EP3683168B1 (en) Container for food packaging, method for production and method for producing a package comprising such a container
EP0461929B1 (en) Unitary compartmented package and method of making same
CN108778946B (zh) 托盘、包装件、制成所述托盘和所述包装件的设备和过程
CN115243976A (zh) 包装设备和过程
JP4658400B2 (ja) 紙製包装容器及びその製造方法並びに製造装置
EP0595442B1 (en) An easy to open package
GB1584392A (en) Methods of packaging a product and packages made thereby
EP1746046A1 (en) Vacuum skin package for cheese
EP0619244A1 (en) Food package
EP0299643A1 (en) Improvements in or relating to packaging
SU1722963A1 (ru) Упаковка дл пищевых продуктов
JPS63150200A (ja) 容器フランジ部への環状切り込み形成装置
GB2322329A (en) Packaging Materials

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19861030

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870814

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 34539

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19880615

Kind code of ref document: T

RAP2 Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred)

Owner name: KEYES FIBRE COMPANY

Owner name: REDFEARN FLEXPACK LIMITED

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3660216

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880630

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

ET Fr: translation filed
BECN Be: change of holder's name

Effective date: 19880525

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19890307

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19890308

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19890331

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19890331

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19890331

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19890331

26N No opposition filed
BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: KEYES FIBRE CY

Effective date: 19890331

Owner name: REDFEARN FLEXPACK LTD

Effective date: 19890331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19891001

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19891130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19900103

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19900307

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 86301633.3

Effective date: 19891016

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050307