EP0192097B1 - Verfahren zum Beschichten von Gegenständen mit Hilfe eines Sprühstrahls und Zerstäubungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Beschichten von Gegenständen mit Hilfe eines Sprühstrahls und Zerstäubungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0192097B1
EP0192097B1 EP86101244A EP86101244A EP0192097B1 EP 0192097 B1 EP0192097 B1 EP 0192097B1 EP 86101244 A EP86101244 A EP 86101244A EP 86101244 A EP86101244 A EP 86101244A EP 0192097 B1 EP0192097 B1 EP 0192097B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
spray
nozzle
air
atomizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86101244A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0192097A2 (de
EP0192097A3 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Luttermöller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Kopperschmidt-Muller GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT86101244T priority Critical patent/ATE47049T1/de
Publication of EP0192097A2 publication Critical patent/EP0192097A2/de
Publication of EP0192097A3 publication Critical patent/EP0192097A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0192097B1 publication Critical patent/EP0192097B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating objects with the aid of a spray jet of pneumatically atomized material and a spray jet of hydrostatically atomized material, the spray jets and object being moved relative to one another, and to an atomizing device for carrying out this method.
  • a known atomizing device US-PS 3927833
  • three atomizing heads are arranged side by side whose axes are at an angle to each other.
  • a first material is atomized hydraulically
  • a second material is atomized by means of compressed air.
  • a granular material and a fiber material are fed in via further outlet openings.
  • Atomizing devices in the form of spray or spray pistols are also known (DE-PS 647713), with which only a spray jet of pneumatically atomized material can be dispensed.
  • the atomizer head of this device has a pneumatic atomizer arrangement with a material nozzle which can be supplied with material at low pressure and an atomizing air nozzle surrounding the material nozzle, which can be supplied with air with pressure sufficient for atomization, and outlet openings for dispensing additional air which additionally influences the spray jet.
  • An adjustable throttle allows the ratio of atomizing air and additional air to be set.
  • This pneumatic atomization leads to a spray jet with fine droplets that only allows a limited film thickness. If you want to increase the film thickness by increasing the material throughput, the atomization deteriorates considerably. This can be compensated for by an increased air throughput with air pressure; this causes disturbances due to strong spray mist.
  • a spray gun is also known, which is also suitable for two-component paints (AT-B-247 998), in which the outlet nozzle, which is surrounded by an annular atomizing air nozzle, a catalyst via a central channel into an inner nozzle body and paint via a changeable ring opening is fed between the inner and an outer nozzle body.
  • the inner nozzle body is axially displaceable and closes the atomizer nozzle in the rest position.
  • paint and catalyst are brought together before pneumatic atomization.
  • the result is a common spray jet with the particle spectrum specified by the pneumatic atomization.
  • Atomization devices are also known (FR-PS 21 27 874), in which the atomization takes place hydrostatically alone.
  • high film thicknesses can be achieved in one operation.
  • the sharply defined spray jet because of the sharply defined spray jet, however, there is a poor overlap. Since both the conditions of use and the coating material are essentially defined with the nozzle geometry, there is little flexibility with regard to the working conditions. Quantity regulation during application is not possible. If you want to reduce the material throughput by using a smaller nozzle size, this leads to blockages. If you want to bring about the reduction through a lower material pressure, coarser atomization results.
  • the hydrostatic atomization can also be carried out in conjunction with additional air, which is used for spray jet shaping or a slight secondary atomization.
  • additional air which is used for spray jet shaping or a slight secondary atomization.
  • a greater drop fineness can be achieved in this way, but the disadvantages of purely hydrostatic atomization basically remain.
  • a uniformly fine film as with pneumatic atomization is not achieved.
  • the droplets charged by a high-voltage electrode are directed towards the earthed workpiece. This results in a wrap-around that improves the coating yield, particularly in the case of delicate parts.
  • Pneumatic-electrostatic atomization reduces the kinetic energy of the small droplets to increase the electrostatic effect. This leads to less penetration into the recesses in the workpiece, for example between the cooling fins of a motor housing (Faraday effect) and overcoating edges.
  • hydrostatic-electrostatic atomizers droplets with high kinetic energy are generated, which can also penetrate into cavities. The reduction in material pressure for better utilization of the electrostatic effect leads to coarser atomization.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, which offers the prerequisites to achieve a uniform coating to a greater extent than previously.
  • This object is achieved in that one spray jet is generated as a hollow jet and the other spray jet as a core jet surrounded by the latter.
  • the atomizing device can also be made small and light and even as a hand-operated pistol.
  • the atomizer head is also small and can be inserted into cavities.
  • the hollow jet and core jet can alternatively be generated.
  • the hydrostatic atomization is only used where the coating material has to get into deeper cavities, while the pneumatic atomization is otherwise used.
  • the atomization types add up to an average film thickness.
  • the proportion of the hydrostatically atomized material is 20 to 40%, preferably 30% of the total atomized material.
  • this gives an optimal composition of the jet characteristics, which leads to a uniform coating over surfaces with very different structures.
  • the hollow jet and core jet consist of different materials.
  • the materials for optimal atomization have different viscosities. They can also have different colors to create certain surface effects.
  • the two materials can also be such that they only give the desired coating material together.
  • the hollow jet and core jet can each consist of one component of a two-component material, such as a two-component lacquer.
  • the core jet consists of hydrostatically atomized material and the hollow jet consists of pneumatically atomized material. Since the core jet is protected against the penetration of atmospheric air by the hollow jet, a defined atomization characteristic results. As far as the hollow jet is mixed on the outside with ambient air, this is desirable because instead of the sharp transition present in hydrostatic atomization, there is a soft transition with the possibility of an overlap during coating.
  • the core jet has a smaller spray angle and the hollow jet has a larger spray angle.
  • the .particles are particularly advantageous of the spray jets electrostatically charged. As is known, the charge ensures that a larger part of the particles settles on the surface of the object to be coated. However, since the electrostatic field only extends into recesses to a limited extent, it was previously practically impossible to coat recesses at all with pneumatic atomization and electrostatic charging.
  • An atomizing device for coating objects for carrying out the method according to the invention with a structural unit which has a pneumatic atomizer arrangement with a first material nozzle which can be supplied with material at low pressure, and an atomizing air nozzle which bypasses the material nozzle and which can supply air with sufficient pressure for atomization, and optionally has air outlet openings for dispensing additional air additionally influencing the spray jet, with a hydrostatic atomizer arrangement which has a second material nozzle which can supply material with pressure sufficient for atomization and has a control device for operating material and air with valves for material and air for actuating the two atomizer arrangements characterized in that the two material nozzles are arranged in a common atomizing head and in that the first material nozzle is an annular nozzle surrounding the second material nozzle and in turn is of an annular shape dust nozzle is surrounded.
  • the two atomizer arrangements are arranged approximately concentrically to one another. With simultaneous actuation, they allow a good mixture between the two spray jets. And the alternative actuation produces similarly shaped spray jets. It is also possible to combine a slit-shaped material nozzle, as is often used for hydrostatic atomization, with an annular atomizer air nozzle. In this case, the concave jet is deformed out of the cone shape by the fan-shaped core jet.
  • the control device is advantageously designed such that the valve for the atomizing air and / or the additional air is opened when the hydrostatic atomizing arrangement is actuated.
  • the air outlet openings customary for pneumatic atomization can therefore also be used for hydrostatic atomization.
  • the supply line to the first material nozzle is connected to the supply line to the second material nozzle via a pressure reducing device, such as an adjustable throttle or a pressure regulator. You then only need a single pressure source for the material.
  • the feed line to the second material nozzle can expediently be supplied with a pressure-controlled pump. You can then keep the hydrostatic pressure at a constant value and adjust the height if necessary.
  • the atomizer head has a particularly advantageous electrode for the electrostatic charging of the material. This combination leads to a very uniform coating, because those areas of a highly structured surface that are shielded from the electrostatic field are reached by the hydrostatically atomized material.
  • valves of the control device can by hand or by an assistant, that is pneumatic, hydraulic, electromagnetic, and. Like., Are operated. They can each be controlled individually. However, they are preferably at least partially coupled to one another.
  • control device can have an actuating element which alone actuates one atomizer arrangement in a first working position and the other atomizer arrangement alone in a second working position.
  • control device has an actuating element which actuates the one atomizer arrangement alone in a first working position and both atomizer arrangements together in a second working position.
  • 1 to 4 has the form of a gun 1 with an atomizing head 2 which is attached to a housing 3. This is provided with a handle 4 for holding the device and a hook 5 for hanging.
  • the atomizing head has a pneumatic atomizing arrangement 6 with an annular first material nozzle 7 and an annular atomizing air nozzle 8 surrounding it, and a hydrostatic atomizing arrangement 9 with a second material nozzle 10, which is arranged in the center of the first material nozzle 7.
  • additional air outlet openings 13 are provided in horns 11 and 12 on opposite sides.
  • a distributor body 16 is seated on the end face of a block 14 belonging to the atomizer head 2 with the interposition of a sealing washer 15. This is held together with a face plate 17 carrying the horns 11 and 12 by a union screw member 18 on the block 14.
  • An insert 19 is screwed into the interior and carries a nozzle body 20 which, along its circumference together with the distributor body 16, delimits the first material nozzle 7 and has the second material nozzle 10 in the middle.
  • a first outer material feed line 21 is connected to the first material nozzle 7 via an axial bore 22 and a material valve 23 as well as axial bores 24 in the distributor body 16.
  • a second outer material feed line 25 is connected to the second material nozzle 10 via an axial bore 26 and a material valve 27.
  • An air supply line 28 passing through the handle 4, which is controlled by a slide valve 29, is via an axial bore 30 on the one hand via bores 31 in the distributor body 16 with the atomizing air nozzle 8, which is formed between the distributor body and the end plate 17, and on the other hand via an adjustable Throttle 32 and further bores 33 in the distributor body 16 with the additional air outlet openings 13 in connection.
  • the material valve 23 can be actuated by means of an actuating rod 34 which is guided to the rear by a seal 35, and the material valve 27 can be actuated by means of an actuating rod 36 which is guided to the rear by a seal 37.
  • the control device S includes a manually operable element 38 which actuates the air valve 29 via a push rod 39, the material valve 23 via a stop 40 and the material valve 27 via a further stop 41.
  • the actuating element 38 can be pivoted about an axis 42.
  • Return springs 43, 44 and 45 ensure that the plunger 39 or the stops 40 and 41 are in constant contact with the actuating element 38.
  • a rotatable stop 46 allows the valves to be locked.
  • a compressor 47 conveys compressed air via a pressure regulator 48 to the air supply line 28 and via a second pressure regulator 49 to the motor of a material pump 50. This pumps the material out of a container 51 and conveys it via a pressure line 52 on the one hand into the outer material feed line 25 and on the other hand via an adjustable throttle 53 into the outer material feed line 21.
  • the actuating element 38 has the rest position I.
  • the first working position II only the material valve 27 is open; therefore, the second material nozzle 10 is charged for hydrostatic atomization.
  • both the air valve 29 and the material valve 23 are additionally opened, so that, in addition to the hydrostatic atomization, pneumatic atomization also takes place.
  • the resulting spray therefore has a particle spectrum composed of droplets that have been generated by both types of atomization.
  • the device described above can be designed in such a way that two separate beam regions are created.
  • the inner spray jet which emerges from the second material nozzle 10 has an opening angle of 30 °
  • the outer hollow-cone spray jet which is generated with the aid of the first material nozzle 7 and the atomizing air nozzle 8 has an opening angle of 70 °.
  • the two spray jets can also have angles such that they mix with one another.
  • FIG. 5 another control device S is illustrated, in which corresponding parts are increased by 100 compared to FIG. 4.
  • all material and air supply lines can each be shut off by a separate valve.
  • valves 155 and 157 are open. It is therefore up to you to choose whether to use pneumatic or hydrostatic atomization for yourself or for both at the same time. In all cases, additional air is released to form the spray jets. If necessary, the throttle 132 can also have an automatic switching device so that two different throttle resistors can be switched on.
  • the operating pressures depend on the circumstances, especially on the material to be atomized. Pneumatic atomization can take place at air pressures between 20 and 40 bar. The hydrostatic atomization at material pressures between 30 and 300 to 500 bar. With lower material pressures during hydrostatic atomization, a sufficient amount of additional air should be supplied at pressures of several bar, for example 5 bar.
  • a corresponding pressure regulator can also be used.
  • the material nozzle 10 can optionally be designed as a slot or as a bore.

Landscapes

  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
  • Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
EP86101244A 1985-02-19 1986-01-31 Verfahren zum Beschichten von Gegenständen mit Hilfe eines Sprühstrahls und Zerstäubungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens Expired EP0192097B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86101244T ATE47049T1 (de) 1985-02-19 1986-01-31 Verfahren zum beschichten von gegenstaenden mit hilfe eines spruehstrahls und zerstaeubungsvorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853505618 DE3505618A1 (de) 1985-02-19 1985-02-19 Verfahren zum beschichten von gegenstaenden mit hilfe eines spruehstrahls und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens
DE3505618 1985-02-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0192097A2 EP0192097A2 (de) 1986-08-27
EP0192097A3 EP0192097A3 (en) 1987-08-05
EP0192097B1 true EP0192097B1 (de) 1989-10-11

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EP86101244A Expired EP0192097B1 (de) 1985-02-19 1986-01-31 Verfahren zum Beschichten von Gegenständen mit Hilfe eines Sprühstrahls und Zerstäubungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4713257A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0192097B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH069664B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE47049T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8600674A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3505618A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK162582C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FI (1) FI81976C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH069664B2 (ja) 1994-02-09
EP0192097A2 (de) 1986-08-27
DE3666150D1 (en) 1989-11-16
FI81976B (fi) 1990-09-28
DK76586D0 (da) 1986-02-19
US4713257A (en) 1987-12-15
FI81976C (fi) 1991-01-10
DE3505618C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-10-01
DK162582C (da) 1992-04-13
FI860692A0 (fi) 1986-02-14
DK162582B (da) 1991-11-18
DK76586A (da) 1986-08-20
EP0192097A3 (en) 1987-08-05
ATE47049T1 (de) 1989-10-15
JPS61192364A (ja) 1986-08-26
FI860692L (fi) 1986-08-20
BR8600674A (pt) 1986-11-04
DE3505618A1 (de) 1986-08-21

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