EP0178294B1 - Procédé et appareillage pour la production de cuir fendu - Google Patents

Procédé et appareillage pour la production de cuir fendu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178294B1
EP0178294B1 EP85890249A EP85890249A EP0178294B1 EP 0178294 B1 EP0178294 B1 EP 0178294B1 EP 85890249 A EP85890249 A EP 85890249A EP 85890249 A EP85890249 A EP 85890249A EP 0178294 B1 EP0178294 B1 EP 0178294B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base
skiver
leather
dressing
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85890249A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0178294A2 (fr
EP0178294A3 (en
Inventor
Philipp Schäfer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JH Benecke GmbH
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JH Benecke GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to AT85890249T priority Critical patent/ATE59680T1/de
Publication of EP0178294A2 publication Critical patent/EP0178294A2/fr
Publication of EP0178294A3 publication Critical patent/EP0178294A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178294B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178294B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/12—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to leather
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B05D1/286—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers using a temporary backing to which the coating has been applied
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/904—Artificial leather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24438—Artificial wood or leather grain surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
    • Y10T428/249958—Void-containing component is synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31573—Next to addition polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31573—Next to addition polymer of ethylenically unsaturated monomer
    • Y10T428/3158—Halide monomer type [polyvinyl chloride, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31931—Polyene monomer-containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/4935—Impregnated naturally solid product [e.g., leather, stone, etc.]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for dressing split leather or leather fiber materials, and a device for producing a finish on split leather or the like.
  • split leather with a finish which has a structured surface, for example a surface structured like a leather grain.
  • a liquid, wet, the dressing-forming mass is applied directly to the top of the split leather, for example by pouring, brushing, plushing, spraying, printing, or by means of a roller application machine and solidifying by drying.
  • the finished split leather In order for the finish to be given a leather-grain-like structured surface, the finished split leather must be embossed in this known method after the liquid dressing composition has dried or after the finish has solidified.
  • This split leather is embossed in an embossing press under the action of heat at very high pressure. This undesirably changes the structure of the split leather and the finish.
  • the trimmed split leather not only becomes thinner, but also harder and stiffer.
  • the existing water vapor permeability of the dressing is reduced or destroyed because the pores present in the dressing are closed or destroyed again during embossing under heat and pressure.
  • thermoplastic materials which can be deformed under heat and pressure can be used for the preparation of the dressing, since otherwise it is not possible to subsequently emboss the structured surface into the hardened dressing.
  • thermoplastics have poorer properties than non-thermoplastic or less thermoplastic.
  • Another disadvantage is that the embossing of the structured surface takes place in a separate work process, i.e. the finished split leather must be treated further, that is, as a rule, inserted manually into an embossing press.
  • EP-A 105 046 it is already proposed to first apply a part of the dressing compound to a base and allow it to solidify, then to apply another part of the dressing compound to one side of the split leather and this with the applied dressing compound in its wet phase on the base hang up in such a way that the side of the split leather provided with the finish lies on the solidified finish on the base and the dry side of the split leather without the finish points upwards.
  • the base hiebei has a negative shape corresponding to the desired leather grain-like structured surface of the dressing, so that when the dressing composition dries under light pressure, the dressing at the same time acquires a leather grain-like appearance.
  • the dressing is structured in such a way that the split leather does not change its thickness, softness and water vapor permeability, or changes it only slightly. Prepared split leather produced in this way is therefore soft, supple and comes closest to the full-grain leather in terms of its appearance and properties.
  • the main disadvantage of this known procedure is, however, that the split leather must be turned over immediately after the wet dressing compound has been applied, so that the side of the split leather provided with the dressing compound faces downward and in the wet state with the base having a corresponding structure is brought into full contact. In particular with large gaps, manual turning over creates considerable difficulties and is associated with great physical exertion.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a finished split leather or a leather fiber material in which the finish having a structured surface can be made very thin, so that the properties of the split leather or the like are not significantly changed by applying the finish , whereby the coarse fibrous structure of the split leather is not on the surface of the finish and an inseparable connection between the leather and the finish is guaranteed.
  • the present invention is intended to create a method and a device by means of which the preparation of such prepared split leather or the like is made possible in a simple and safe manner.
  • the work involved in carrying out a color change during dressing should also be reduced.
  • the method and the device according to claims 1 and 17 are proposed according to the invention.
  • the fact that the layer formed by the aqueous plastic dispersion fills the recesses of the leather and completely surrounds the protruding fibers of the leather not only ensures an absolutely inseparable connection between this layer and the leather, but also ensures that the surface of the dressing only the desired has a structured shape, but the depressions of the leather and the fibers protruding from this leather do not appear on this surface of the dressing.
  • aqueous plastic dispersion is understood to mean highly polymeric plastics which contain water or are dispersed in water and which form films by removing the water, for example by evaporation, preferably with the addition of heat.
  • the dressing consists of two layers, the inner layer adjacent to the leather and completely absorbing the projecting fibers being formed by the aqueous plastic dispersion and the outer layer having the structured surface being formed from an aqueous plastic dispersion or from a liquid plastic solution.
  • liquid plastic solution is understood to mean high-polymer plastics dissolved in a solvent, which when sprayed or brushed form films which solidify through solvent removal, for example through evaporation of the solvent.
  • a finish is made with a thickness such that, on the one hand, a good, inseparable connection with the leather takes place, whereby a complete embedding of the fibers protruding from the leather is guaranteed, and on the other hand the properties of the leather through the finish are not be adversely affected.
  • these hollow microspheres with a diameter of 0.008 to 0.1 mm are expediently admixed with the thin shell of thermoplastic material, preferably of vinylidene chloride, before application of the aqueous plastic dispersion Copolymer, exists.
  • an aqueous plastic dispersion or a liquid plastic solution is applied to it, the leather being applied to the base only after this further aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution has solidified .
  • This further aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution can then, for example, directly form a finish.
  • the solidification of the layers forming the dressing can be accelerated by heating the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution during and / or after application, so that the water or solvent escapes more quickly.
  • heating can be done electrically, for example by infrared radiation, but also by a gas burner.
  • the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution applied to the surface of the base solidifies, starting from the heated base, so that there are no bubbles in the area forming the dressing, since there immediately upon contact of the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid Plastic solution forms a firm skin with the heated surface.
  • the aqueous plastic dispersion is applied to the leather by means of at least one application roller.
  • the leather is expediently moved past the application roller, the direction of rotation of the application roller being opposite to the direction of movement of the leather. This ensures that the fibers protruding from the leather are fully embedded in the layer applied in a single operation using the shear forces and are thus inseparably connected to this layer after solidification.
  • a liquid plastic loaf is advisable solution or an aqueous plastic dispersion used that contains more than 40 vol .-% solids. It is advantageous if, in particular, the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution applied to the base contains pigments and / or dyes, which then determine the color of the finish.
  • a crosslinkable, essentially non-thermoplastic polyurethane and / or polybutadiene dispersion is preferably used.
  • the base consists of a silicone plate
  • the aqueous plastic dispersion is poured or sprayed onto the base.
  • the base can also consist of a paper provided with an appropriate structuring, which is expediently provided with a coating.
  • the liquid plastic solution it is advantageous to apply the liquid plastic solution to the base using a doctor blade.
  • the aqueous plastic dispersion forming the outer layer which is applied to the base by casting or spraying, expediently has a lower viscosity and the liquid plastic solution applied to the base by doctor blade has a higher viscosity than the dispersion applied to the leather, which embeds the inner fibers Layer forms.
  • the leather is further moved with the finishing during the vacuum treatment. Since the application of the aqueous plastic dispersion to the leather, the application of the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution to the base and the placement of the leather provided with the aqueous plastic dispersion on the base as well as the pressing can be carried out continuously in this case, if so Leather with the finishing during the vacuum treatment is moved, enables a continuous production of the finished leather in the assembly line process.
  • the device according to the invention for the production of finished leather, in particular finished split leather is provided with a support for the finished leather, a device for applying the dressing in the liquid phase to the leather to be finished and a device for producing a structure in the dressing, and essentially characterized in that at least part of the support is movably guided around a deflection point, in the area in which the leather provided with the dressing is transferred to a base which can be moved at essentially the same speed as the support in such a way that the leather with the The side provided for the preparation rests on the base, and the base is provided with a structured surface, for example with a negative leather grain structure.
  • the device according to the invention enables the leather provided with an at least partially liquid dressing to be turned over in a simple manner without manual actuation, so that it then rests with the side provided with the dressing on the base at the bottom.
  • the advantage is achieved in particular that the adhesion of the dressing composition to the leather is improved in that the dressing in the liquid phase is applied directly or immediately to the leather, so that the dressing is inseparably connected to the leather
  • the disadvantages that arise when the leather is manually turned over with the wet dressing are avoided.
  • the finished dressing thus does not have any disturbing errors which result from touching the leather provided with the wet dressing or by subsequently moving the leather which has already been turned over and deposited.
  • the time which elapses between the application of the liquid dressing and the storage of the leather provided with the liquid dressing is reduced and, above all, can be calculated precisely in advance.
  • the underlay can be warmed to a greater extent and the drying process of the dressing proceeds more quickly.
  • the dressing compound can be applied to the leather in a thinner layer, because the fact that the time between the application of the liquid dressing and the turning and laying down of the leather on the pad can be kept very short ensures that none or at least almost no liquid evaporates or emigrates to the leather, which means that the finish adheres very well to very absorbent areas of the leather.
  • the use of the device according to the invention also makes it possible to bond porous, air and water vapor permeable dressings with a density of less than 0.8 firmly and inseparably to the leather, in particular split leather, which are particularly suitable for the production of shoe uppers which be provided with a foamed-on polyurethane sole, because the shoe upper made of split leather according to the invention and inserted into the shape required to form the polyurethane sole enables the air to escape during the foaming process due to the porous formation of the dressing.
  • the leather which is already in a liquid phase, can be transferred to the support and from there to the base.
  • the dressing can also be applied to the leather if it lies on the support.
  • the support can consist of an endless, driven belt guided over at least two rollers, one of the rollers forming the deflection point. This enables a continuous operation, whereby the liquid finish can be applied to the leather as it moves forward with the belt.
  • the support forming the band expediently consists of rubber or plastic, that is to say of a material to which the leather adheres, so that it does not slip off the support, but in the transfer area detaches from the support and is transferred to the base.
  • the band forming the support can also be provided with a cover, for example made of paper, wherein the paper can consist of an endless paper web in order to prevent contamination of the band when the aqueous plastic dispersion is applied to the leather located on the support.
  • This paper can then be transferred to the base together with the leather, where, since the leather is turned onto the base when it is transferred, it forms the top layer.
  • the paper is air-permeable, it does not interfere with the further processing of the leather provided with the dressing and also protects the subsequent processing devices against contamination.
  • an application roller is provided according to the invention above the support, the direction of rotation of the application roller preferably being opposite to the direction of movement of the support. If this applicator roller rotates in the opposite direction to the movement of the support and thus also to the movement of the leather, then the aqueous plastic dispersion is massaged into the leather, resulting in an intimate connection with the leather.
  • the arrangement of such a counter-rotating applicator roller is particularly advantageous if an aqueous plastic dispersion is applied, to which hollow microspheres are added in the manner mentioned, since in this case the hollow microspheres are also massaged into the leather and arranged between the fibers and contribute to this that the trimmed split leather has no uneven surface even when stretched. It is also advantageous if the layer applied to the leather, consisting of the aqueous plastic dispersion provided with hollow microspheres, does not contain any pigments or dyes, since in this case it is ensured that these pigments, which often have sharp edges and therefore have shielding properties, Dyes do not destroy the thin shells of the hollow microspheres when applied.
  • the base can be formed by a moving conveyor belt.
  • the support is expediently formed by an endless conveyor belt which is guided by guide members, for example rollers.
  • guide members for example rollers.
  • the base is preferably heated, as a result of which the solidification of the liquid dressing is accelerated and the advantages already mentioned occur.
  • the underlay expediently consists of silicone rubber, which is preferably provided with a reinforcement.
  • a reinforcement for example, a wire mesh can be used as reinforcement.
  • the reinforcement preferably consists of a fleece or fabric made of glass, asbestos or carbon fibers. These materials have the advantage that they are light in weight and have almost no thermal expansion and that they can withstand the temperatures that occur as well as the silicone itself.
  • the reinforcement can be embedded in the base, but can also be attached to the underside of the base.
  • the base consists of two layers with different hardness and / or different elasticity, the lower layer being harder and / or less elastic than the upper layer.
  • the surface on which the finished leather is placed has a structured surface which gives the top of the finish a leather-like appearance.
  • the base can also be formed from a structured paper, preferably provided with a plastic coating, in particular from a roll of paper that can be pulled off, to which a thin film of the aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution is applied in the case of a two-layer structure of the dressing.
  • This aqueous plastic dispersion or liquid plastic solution is expediently applied by means of a pouring, doctoring or spraying device provided above the base.
  • a pressing or pressing device which acts on the base supporting the leather provided with the dressing.
  • At least one transfer roller can be provided in the transfer area from the support to the base.
  • Such transfer rollers are particularly useful when the support is formed by a circumferential belt and the diameter of the rollers over which this belt is guided is large. Multiple transfer rollers of smaller diameters can also be used.
  • the device according to the invention furthermore has a drying device, preferably formed by a vacuum device, for the leather provided with the dressing on the base, which causes the dressing to rapidly solidify and remove the vapors produced during this hardening.
  • the vacuum device consists of at least two moving parts, between which the leather provided with the finish is arranged, at least one of these parts having elastomeric properties and being provided with at least one closable opening which can be connected to a vacuum source , as a result of which a negative pressure can be maintained between the two parts, which causes the part having the elastomeric properties to be pressed against the leather provided with the finish and supported on the other part.
  • a continuous manufacture of the trimmed leather can be achieved because the speed of movement of these two parts constituting the vacuum device can easily be based on the movement of those in front of this vacuum device Facilities, in particular to the speed of movement of the pad.
  • the lower of these two parts is expediently formed at least in part by the base, which is supported on a transport device, so that the vacuum treatment of the finished leather takes place on the base on which the leather was deposited when the finish was formed. This also supports continuous production.
  • the transport device can consist, for example, of individual moving tables on which the support rests. These tables expediently move in a closed path, for example in a substantially circular path, so that after a certain time each table comes back to a transition point where a pad provided with a trimmed leather is handed over.
  • the transport device can also be formed by an endless rotating carrier body.
  • This carrier body expediently consists of individual, interconnected plate-shaped or tubular elements which, according to a further feature of the invention, are interconnected by at least one transport chain which is guided around sprockets.
  • the formation of the carrier body from individual, interconnected plate-shaped or tubular elements has the advantage over the formation of the carrier body as an endless belt that thermal expansion can be compensated for by changing the gaps between the elements.
  • the plate-shaped or tubular elements can consist of metal, preferably of steel, but also of heat-resistant plastic, for example of polyimide or of silicone rubber, in the latter case preferably a reinforcement of metal, for example of a wire mat, of a fabric or of a fleece is provided so that the elements are able to withstand the stress that occurs.
  • the carrier body can also consist of an endless band, for example of a steel band or of a band of elastomeric material, for example of silicone rubber.
  • support rollers can be provided according to a further feature of the invention below the carrier body.
  • heating devices for example infrared emitters, are expediently provided below the printing device or the carrier body, by means of which the underlay and the finished leather supported on the underlay are heated. This heating causes the dressing to solidify more quickly.
  • the upper of the two moving parts has a membrane made of elastomeric material which, when a negative pressure is formed between the two parts, is pressed against the leather provided with the dressing on the lower part.
  • the membrane can have an all-round sealing strip, which is supported on the transport device or on the support supported on it, the membrane being moved by the transport device.
  • the membrane can interact with a single piece of leather, but also with two or more pieces of leather arranged side by side.
  • a plurality of membranes can also be arranged next to one another on the transport device, one of these membranes in each case covering at least one finished leather, the membranes possibly being connected to one another.
  • the membrane is formed by a band consisting of an elastomeric material, which moves synchronously with the endless, rotating support body.
  • this band consists of a semi-hard material and has a thickness of at least 2 mm, it attaches to the split leather due to its own weight, which already results in a certain amount Sealing takes place between the membrane and the base or the transport device, which enables the formation of a vacuum when connected to a vacuum source.
  • the band consisting of elastomeric material and / or the carrier body can be provided with sealing strips made of elastomeric material at the edge regions running in the direction of movement and optionally at predetermined intervals transversely to the direction of movement.
  • These sealing strips are preferably made of a softer material than the membrane and can be glued or vulcanized to the membrane or, if the carrier body consists of plastic, to this carrier body.
  • the openings for connection to the vacuum source are expediently arranged in the sealing strips and provided with valves.
  • the arrangement of the valves has the advantage that the connection to the vacuum source can be interrupted during the further movement of the transport device and the membrane and the vacuum can still be maintained by closing the valve.
  • the membrane on the side facing the leather is provided with grooves which form channels for the removal of these vapors.
  • the membrane is also heated, whereby the advantage is achieved that the plastic material forming the finish, if it should settle on the membrane in an undesirable manner when it emerges from the side of the leather, can solidify there and then be easily removed.
  • the transfer area from the support to the base is provided between the pouring, knife or spray device for applying the plastic dispersion or plastic solution to the base and the vacuum device.
  • the base can be arranged below the application roller.
  • the structure of such a device is simple, but when using known application devices on the market, the space required is often not available there.
  • an embodiment is advantageous in which the base is arranged on the side of the application roller.
  • the support is then expediently formed according to the invention by an arc-shaped deflection device, for example consisting of transport rollers, which is arranged between a conveyor belt or the like which conveys the leather to be finished and which interacts with the application roller and the base and which causes a change in the direction of movement of the leather.
  • the deflection device can be designed in such a way that the leather is deflected in a direction in which it can be transferred to a base which is guided past the device for applying the dressing.
  • a compressed air nozzle directed towards the leather located on the support can be provided in the transfer area.
  • the compressed air emerging from this nozzle releases the leather from the support.
  • the speed of the support and the support can be regulated, preferably continuously, whereby the time between the application of the liquid dressing to the leather and the placement of the leather provided with the dressing on the support changes and the respective requirements according to the amount of applied Dressing, the temperature of the edition, etc., can be adjusted.
  • the invention enables the production of a finished split leather or leather fiber material, in which the finish, despite the fact that it only consists of a relatively thin layer, has a deceptively similar surface to a full-grain leather or a velor-looking leather and also has the outstanding properties of such leather, whereby an absolutely inseparable connection between the split leather or the like and the dressing is guaranteed.
  • the finished leather according to the invention has the desired water vapor permeability and there is no stretching when stretching due to the foam structure of the dressing, which is caused not least by the use of the vacuum device and by the inclusion of hollow microspheres in the dressing.
  • the device according to the invention enables in a particularly advantageous manner a continuous production of the finished leather, this continuous production also being ensured in the vacuum device, since this continues to move while the negative pressure is maintained and is only opened when the dressing has completely solidified and the process for the preparation of the finish has ended.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 has a support 1 for the leather to be finished, formed by a split leather 3, which is formed by an endless driven belt which is guided over two rollers 5.
  • the split leather 3 is placed on the belt 1 and the dressing 4, which consists of an aqueous plastic dispersion, is evenly applied to the split leather 3 via an application roller 6 while the latter is moving under the application roller 6.
  • the applicator roller 6 rotates, as indicated by the arrows, in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the belt forming the support 1.
  • a pouring device can also be used, by means of which the dressing 4 consisting of an aqueous plastic dispersion is applied to the split leather 3 while the latter is moving on.
  • the support 1 does not consist of an endless driven belt, but rather of endless ropes guided over the two rollers 5, which gives the possibility that the excess aqueous plastic dispersion can flow off.
  • the lower roller 5 forms a deflection point for the belt 1, at which the split leather provided with the liquid dressing is lifted off the belt 1 and placed on a base 2 formed by a conveyor belt such that the side of the split leather 3 provided with the liquid dressing 4 rests on this conveyor belt 2.
  • the conveyor belt 2 moves at the same speed as the belt 1, so that when the split leather 3 provided with the finish is transferred to the conveyor belt 2, there is no relative displacement between the split leather 3 and the conveyor belt 2.
  • a counter roller 7 supporting the conveyor belt 2 is provided below the lower roller 5 so that the conveyor belt 2 does not sag in the transfer area. This conveyor belt 2 is guided over rollers 8.
  • the detachment of the split leather 3 provided with the dressing 4 from the belt 1 and the transfer of this split leather to the conveyor belt 2 can be facilitated in that a compressed air nozzle 19 is provided in the transfer area, the compressed air emerging from this nozzle blowing against the split leather 3 and this detaches from conveyor belt 1.
  • the conveyor belt 2 is preferably made of silicone rubber, the upper side of the conveyor belt 2 having a negative grain structure, so that the dressing that is solidifying on the conveyor belt 2 is provided with a grain structure on its surface and therefore has a leather-like appearance.
  • the conveyor belt 2 is heated in a manner not known per se, which is known per se.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that, instead of the conveyor belt 2, a base 2 'formed by a plate-shaped carrier body is arranged, which is moved forward by means of transport rollers 9.
  • the plate-shaped carrier body is preferably made of silicone rubber and is provided with a reinforcing insert made of nonwoven or fabric made of glass or carbon fibers.
  • the base 2 ' can also be constructed from two layers, the upper layer having the structuring being softer or more elastic than the lower layer.
  • a transfer roller 10 is provided in the transfer area, via which the split leather 3 provided with the dressing 4 is transferred to the plate-shaped carrier body 2 '. This plate-shaped carrier body 2 'is also heated.
  • a transfer belt can also be provided, by means of which a change in the position of the split leather can be effected during transfer to the plate-shaped carrier body 2 '.
  • the plate-shaped carrier body 2 ' can either itself have a negative grain structure, so that the surface of the dressing solidifying on this carrier body is provided with a grain structure, but it is also possible to have a structured surface with a plastic coating on the plate-shaped carrier body put on provided paper, which causes the formation of a structured surface of the dressing.
  • a structured surface paper can also be placed on the conveyor belt 2 (FIG. 1), which then has no negative scar structure and which, for example, consists of a paper web that can be pulled off a roll.
  • pressure or pressure rollers 11, 11 ' are provided, by means of which the split leather 3 provided with the dressing 4 which is in the solidifying state is pressed against the top side of the conveyor belt 2 provided with the grain structure.
  • the conveyor belt 2 does not have to run flat over its entire length, but can be bent in the area of the counter-roller 7, as is shown in broken lines in Fig. 3.
  • Such a design facilitates the transfer of the split leather 3 provided with the finish 4 from the belt 1 to the conveyor belt 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application of a layer 12 to the conveyor belt 2, as is necessary in the case of a two-layer construction of the dressing.
  • a layer 12 can of course also be applied to a plate-shaped support body 2 'forming the base or to the paper web.
  • This layer 12 which is formed from an aqueous plastic dispersion or from a liquid plastic solution, is applied by means of a casting, knife or spray device 20.
  • the layer 4 of an aqueous plastic dispersion applied to the split leather 3 then forms the inner layer of the dressing.
  • the split leather 3 provided with the still liquid layer 4 is placed on the base 2 or 2 'only after the layer 12 has at least largely solidified.
  • the doctor blade or spray device via which the layer 12 is applied to the base 2 or 2 ', is located on one side of this transfer region at a distance from the transfer area from the conveyor belt 1 to the base 2, 2'.
  • a drying device (not shown), for example a vacuum dryer, is provided for the split leather 3 provided with the finish.
  • the speed of the belt 1 and the base 2 or 2 ' is expediently infinitely variable in order to be able to adapt it to the respective requirements.
  • the preferred speed at which the split leather 3 moves forward is between 3 and 8 m / min.
  • the support consists of an arcuate deflection device which is formed by a plurality of transport rollers 1 '.
  • a known device for applying the dressing in the liquid phase to the split leather is used, which consists of a conveyor belt 18, over which the split leather is moved, whereby the dressing 6 is applied evenly to the split leather 3.
  • the at least partially driven conveyor rollers 1 ' are connected, which are arranged in such a way that the split leather 3 transferred from the conveyor belt 18 to these conveyor rollers 1' is deflected by approximately 90 °.
  • a base 2 'formed by a plate-shaped carrier body can be provided, which is moved forward in a manner analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 via transport rollers.
  • the deflection device ensures that the conveyor belt 2 or the support 2 'moved forward via transport rollers can be arranged in a position in which the device for applying the dressing to the split leather is not in the way.
  • FIG. 7 schematically represents a continuous workflow when dressing a split leather.
  • the pads 2 'made of silicone rubber are moved further in the direction of the arrow 22.
  • the top of the documents 2 ' is provided with a structure.
  • An aqueous plastic dispersion or a liquid plastic solution is poured or sprayed onto this upper side by means of the device 20 and allowed to solidify during further movement, the solidification being accelerated by heating devices, not shown, by means of which the underlays 2 'are heated.
  • the conveyor belt 1, on which the split leather 3 rests, is located at a distance from the device 20.
  • An aqueous plastic dispersion is applied to the split leather via the applicator roller 6 in the manner described, and then the split leather is placed with the wet side at the bottom on a base 2 'provided with the already solidified layer, as previously discussed.
  • the split leather thus prepared is deflected via transport rollers 21 'and arrives at a further conveyor belt 23, where the split leather is pressed onto the base 2' by means of the press rolls 11. After a further deflection via transport rollers 23 ', the finished split leather reaches a vacuum device 24, which is described in more detail below, and from there via transport rollers 25' onto the conveyor belt 25, where at 26 the finished split leather provided with a finish is removed .
  • the documents 2 ' are conveyed onward and reach the conveyor belt 21 again via transport rollers 27'.
  • Tables 29 are attached to a support part 28 which can be rotated about an axis 28 'and which form a support body for the base 2'.
  • a table 29 is loaded with a base 2 'on which a prepared split leather is located. This is followed by a further movement of the tables 29 in the direction of the arrow 34.
  • a membrane 30 is placed on the table 29, which can be rectangular, in particular square, but also round, in particular circular, and which has an all-round on its edge
  • Has sealing strip 31 whose free end, preferably provided with a profile, rests on the table 29.
  • the membrane 30 provided with the sealing strips 31 thus surrounds the base 2 ′ with the trimmed split leather 3.
  • An arranged at one point of the sealing strip, provided with a valve, is connected to a vacuum source, not shown, so that after connecting this vacuum source in the space enclosed by the membrane 30 and the sealing strip 31, a negative pressure is created, which causes the membrane 30 lies against the split leather 3 and presses it against the base 2, at the same time sucking off the vapors produced during the drying of the dressing.
  • Both the membrane 30 and the sealing strip 31 are made of an elastomeric material, the sealing strip 31 preferably being made of a softer material than the membrane 30. Rubber or rubber, in particular silicone rubber, are primarily suitable as the elastomeric material.
  • valve of the opening 32 If the valve of the opening 32 is closed, the negative pressure is maintained even if the connection to the vacuum source is interrupted.
  • the table 29 is then moved together with the base 2 'and the membrane 30 pressed against the split leather 3 into the position shown on the right in FIG. 8 and finally arrives at the removal point 35, where the valve of the opening 32 is opened, so that a Connection of the space enclosed by the membrane 30 and the sealing strips 31 to the atmosphere takes place.
  • the membrane 30 returns to the starting position and can be lifted off, the trimmed split leather is removed together with the base 2 '.
  • a carrier body consisting of plates 36 is provided, the plates being connected via projecting projections 37 to transport chains 38 which are guided via chain wheels 39.
  • lamellae or tubular support bodies can also be provided.
  • the plates 2 ′ rest on the plates 36, on which the split leather 3 provided with the finish is located.
  • the documents 2 ' are expediently arranged so that they each cover a gap between two adjacent plates 36.
  • heating devices for example infrared radiators 40, by means of which the plates 36 and thus also the documents 2 'are heated.
  • the plates 36 cooperate with a membrane 41 consisting of an endless band, which band is guided over rollers 42.
  • This membrane 41 formed from the endless band is designed in such a way that a tight seal between the membrane and the underlays 2 'or the plates 36 is possible, so that a negative pressure can again be formed in the intermediate space.
  • sealing strips 43 made of an elastomeric material are provided on the edge regions of the membrane 41 running in the direction of movement, and sealing strips 44 also running, if appropriate, transverse to the direction of movement Sealing strips can be built.
  • openings 45 are provided with a valve, which can be connected to a vacuum source.
  • the endless band forming the membrane 41 is shorter than the support body formed by the plates 36 and acting like an endless band, so that the finished split leather 3 can be removed in a simple manner together with the base 2 '.
  • grooves 41a are provided on the side of the membrane 3 facing the leather 3, through which grooves the vapors which are formed can escape.
  • Such grooves can of course also be provided in the membrane 30 (FIGS. 8 and 9).
  • the plates 36 are preferably made of metal, for example steel.
  • the arrangement of individual plates instead of an endless steel strip has the advantage that the thermal expansion of the plates does not have a disruptive effect due to the subdivision.
  • the gap between adjacent plates 36 is sealed in such a way that this gap does not hinder the formation of the vacuum.
  • This vacuum is formed in this case between the base 2 'made of silicone rubber and the membrane 41 and, if present, the sealing strips 43, 44, the sealing strips 44 dividing the membrane 41 into a plurality of chambers.
  • the membrane 41 consisting of an endless band expediently consists of rubber or caoutchouc and can be reinforced by a metal grid, a fabric or a fleece.
  • the reinforcement can either be arranged as an insert within the membrane or be placed on the outside of the membrane.
  • the dead weight of the membrane 41 is sufficient to ensure an initial seal against the base 2 ', which subsequently enables the vacuum to be formed.
  • pressure rollers 42 ' can also be provided, by means of which the membrane 41 is pressed against the base 2'.
  • the membrane 41 is also expediently heated by heating devices 40 ', for example infrared emitters, whereby the advantage is achieved that residues of the still liquid plastic solution or aqueous deposits on the membrane Solidify the plastic dispersion there and then easily remove it from the membrane.
  • the sealing strips 43, 44 are expediently made of a softer material than the membrane 41 and are glued or vulcanized onto the membrane 41.
  • the plates 36 do not consist of metal, but of a heat-resistant plastic, it is possible to arrange the sealing strips not on the membrane but on these plates.
  • the membrane 41 can also be arranged on an endless steel belt.
  • the carrier body consists of an endless band 46 made of steel or of an elastomeric, heat-resistant material which is supported by support rollers 47. Furthermore, heating devices 40 are also provided here.
  • the belt 46 carries a paper web 48, on the structured upper side of which a coating formed from an aqueous plastic dispersion or a liquid plastic solution is already applied, which forms the outer layer of the dressing.
  • This paper web 48 replaces the base 2 '.
  • the split leather 3 provided with the still aqueous plastic dispersion is placed on this paper web 48 in such a way that the wet side comes to rest on the paper web.
  • a membrane 49 provided with all-round sealing strips 50 is slipped onto each split leather 3 placed on it.
  • Each membrane 49 again has an opening 51 provided with a valve, via which the connection to a vacuum source takes place. By applying the vacuum, the membrane is pressed against the split leather again and the vapors are extracted.
  • the split leather with the membrane is further conveyed through the belt 46. At the end of this band, the membrane is lifted off and the split leather removed from the paper web 48.
  • the layer prefabricated on the paper web 48 then forms the outer layer of the dressing containing the pigment.
  • the paper web
  • the belt 46 is guided over rollers 52.
  • grooves 41a are expediently provided on the side of the membrane 49 facing the split leather 3 in order to facilitate the removal of the vapors.
  • the movement of all vacuum devices described can be controlled so that it is adapted to the speed of the upstream devices, so that continuous production is possible.
  • the membranes can consist of various products with elastomeric properties, such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, silicone rubber and elastic polyurethane.
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged split leather according to the invention on an enlarged scale.
  • the dressing consists of two layers 14a, 14b, hollow microspheres being embedded in the inner layer 14a which completely absorbs the fibers of split leather 13.
  • This inner layer 14a is preferably color-neutral and contains no pigments or dyes.
  • the outer layer 14b which is significantly thinner than the inner layer 14a, does not have hollow microspheres, but instead has such a proportion of pigments or dyes that the coloring of the finish is thereby determined.
  • the top 16 of this outer layer 14b is again structured and therefore has a leather-like appearance.
  • the base moves on the conveyor belt at a speed of 4.5 m / min. 8 meters after pouring on the dispersion containing the pigment, a split leather, to which an aqueous plastic dispersion had previously been applied, is placed with the wet side onto the pre-dried layer of the substrate containing the pigment without manual intervention.
  • the split leather has a size of approx. 1.3 m 2 and a thickness of 1.4 mm and has a bright chrome-green color.
  • the dispersion applied to the split leather is a polyurethane dispersion that contains approx. 62% solids. These solids essentially consist of 50% polyurethane and 10% hollow microspheres as well as a thickening agent.
  • the aqueous dispersion has a viscosity of approx. 280 seconds (measured in a Ford cup with a 4 mm nozzle) and dries to a film with a hardness of approx. 65 Shore A and a density of approx. 0.78.
  • the relative viscous dispersion was applied to the split leather by means of a roller which rotates in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the leather, so that the dispersion is massaged into the leather using the shear forces and essentially fills all cavities between the protruding fibers. Due to the different lengths of the protruding fibers of the leather, the layer thickness cannot be determined.
  • the application weight of the wet dispersion was approx. 240 g / m2.
  • the leather After the leather is placed on the solidified pigment layer on the base, this leather is pressed onto the base by a soft, elastic roller covered with silicone, whereby any air pockets between the pigment layer and the wet plastic dispersion applied to the leather can escape.
  • the leather provided with the dressing and placed on the base is brought together with the base into a warm vacuum device which is provided with a membrane, a vacuum being generated below the membrane, so that the membrane lowers and against the Leather presses.
  • the membrane adapts to the contours of the leather and presses it onto the base.
  • the gases and water vapors generated by the heating of the vacuum device are extracted via the vacuum line.
  • the finished leather can be removed from the vacuum device. During this time, the vacuum device has moved on, so that continuous production takes place.
  • the paper carrier In the production of the preparation of a split leather, the paper carrier is placed on a base, for example a conveyor belt, and moves in the direction of the transfer point of the leather provided with the wet plastic dispersion, where the leather is placed with its wet side onto the pigment layer of the paper carrier without manual assistance becomes.
  • the aqueous plastic dispersion applied to the leather is pigment-free and has a milky appearance.
  • the paper web with the leather placed on it then runs under the application device for applying the aqueous plastic dispersion onto the leather to a pair of rollers, where it is pressed on.
  • composition and amount of the aqueous dispersion layer applied to the leather corresponds to that in Example 1.
  • the paper base with the split leather on it is taken over by a heated endless steel belt, which has a length of more than 12 meters and a width of more than 1.2 meters, and is transported through it in such a way that in those places where the leather lies on the paper web, a rubber cover acting as a membrane with a sealing frame and a valve-provided opening for connection to a vacuum source is placed on the leather so that it covers the leather. Then the air is sucked out below the rubber cover, so that the membrane presses against the leather due to the resulting negative pressure and presses the leather onto the paper or onto the steel band.
  • the steel strip is heated to a temperature between 70 and 140 ° C by illuminating the underside of the steel strip using infrared radiators.
  • the valve is opened 60 seconds after the vacuum is applied and the rubber cover takes on its original shape due to its elastic properties. After removing the rubber cover, the finished leather can be peeled off the paper.
  • the longitudinal and transverse grooves provided in the rubber cover ensure that the gases and water vapor can escape from the leather even when the membrane is pressed onto the leather by the vacuum.
  • membrane is by no means understood to mean only an elastomeric material clamped in a frame or other holder.
  • the membrane can also consist of only a single or multi-layer elastomeric material and can have any shape, e.g. be designed like a lid. In any case, the membrane must have such a shape that it limits an evacuable cavity when placed on the support and / or on the base and is pressed against the leather when the vacuum is applied.
  • the continuous movement of the front Dressed split leather in the vacuum device, which is supported on the base, can be made not only in a substantially horizontal plane, but also, for example, in a paternoster-like manner in a substantially vertical direction or also in a direction that is oblique to the horizontal.
  • a circular movement is expediently always carried out in such a way that the transport device always returns to a specific transfer point.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
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Claims (69)

1. Procédé pour corroyer du cuir refendu ou des matières en fibres de cuir, dans lequel on dépose, sur une surface présentant une texture d'un substrat (2, 2') de préférence en caoutchouc de silicones, une matière plastique liquide contenant du polyuréthane, le cas échéant une solution de polymère, et on la fait se solidifier par chauffage du substrat (2, 2'), de sorte qu'il se forme une couche extérieure (14b) du revêtement dont la surface présentant une texture est fabriquée in situ, et on dépose ensuite, sur le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire qui se déplace, une dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique formant une couche intérieure (14a) du revêtement, et on la pose en phase humide, avec le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire, sur la couche extérieure (14b) solidifiée au préalable, et dans lequel on soumet ensuite à un traitement par la pression le revêtement constitué par les deux couches (14a, 14b) avec le cuir réfendu (13) ou similaire, caractérisé par le fait que l'on applique sur le substrat (2, 2') une dispersion ou une solution réticulable, par le fait que, pour former la couche intérieure (14a), on applique ensuite, au moyen d'un cylindre applicateur tournant (6), une dispersion réticulable contenant de préférence du polyuréthane sur le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire qui se déplace, et ce, en une quantité comprise entre 150 g/m2 et 450 g/m2 dans la phase humide, et de préférence en une quantité égale à 300 g/m2 environ dans la phase humide, une vitesse relative étant présente entre le cylindre applicateur (6) et le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire, de sorte que la dispersion aqueuse contenant de préférence du polyuréthane pénètre par frottement dans le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire, par le fait que le séchage et le début de la réticulation de la couche intérieure (14a) ont lieu pendant le temps de séjour sur le substrat (2, 2') qui est chauffé depuis sa face inférieure, la vapeur d'eau qui est engendrée pendant ce temps lors du séchage étant dissipée, au moins partiellement, à travers le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire, et par le fait que l'on enlève ensuite le cuir refendu terminé (13) ou similaire du substrat chauffé (2, 2').
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la dispersion réticulable qui forme la couche intérieure (14a) présente une viscosité supérieure à celle de la dispersion ou de la solution réticulable qui forme la couche extérieure (14b).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que, lors de la solidification, ou soumet le revêtement formé par les deux couches (14a, 14b) à un traitement supplémentaire par le vide en même temps que le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant l'application de la dispersion ou de la solution réticulable qui forme la couche intérieure (14a) du revêtement, on pose le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire sur un support constitué de préférence par du papier, on le retourne avec le support et on le pose sur la couche extérieure (14b) solidifiée au préalable.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le traitement par la pression et/ou le traitement par le vide ont lieu en même temps avec un support constitué de préférence par du papier perméable à l'air.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') continue à être déplacé pendant l'application de la dispersion ou de la solution contenant du polyuréthane qui forme la couche extérieure (14b).
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que, pendant le traitement par la pression et/ou pendant le traitement par le vide, le revêtement formé par les deux couches (14a, 14b), avec le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire, continue à être déplacé avec le substrat (2, 2').
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') est appuyé sur un corps porteur (36) qui est constitué par du métal et qui est chauffé, du moins partiellement, pendant letraitement par la pression et/ou le traitement par le vide.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la direction de rotation du cylindre applicateur (6) est opposée à la direction de déplacement du cuir refendu (13) ou similaire.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant l'application sur le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire de la dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique qui contient de préférence du polyuréthane, on mélange à cette dispersion des microbilles creuses dont le diamètre va de 0,008 à 0,1 mm et dont l'enveloppe mince se compose d'une matière thermoplastique, de préférence d'un copolymère de chlorure de vinyli- dène.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique contenant de préférence du polyuréthane, ou une solution liquide de matière plastique, qui contient plus de 40% en volume de constituants solides.
12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise une dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique contenant de préférence du polyuréthane, ou une solution liquide de matière plastique, qui contient des pigments et/ou des colorants.
13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que l'on coule ou pulvérise la dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique contenant du polyuréthane ou la solution liquide de matière plastique, respectivement, qui forme la couche extérieure (14b), sur le substrat qui est constitué de préférence par une plaque en silicone.
14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que l'on coule ou pulvérise la dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique ou la solution liquide de matière plastique, respectivement, qui forme la couche extérieure (14b), sur le substrat (2,2') déjà chauffé, cependant que le substrat chauffé se déplace, et par le fait que, pendant la solidification de cette dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique ou de cette solution liquide de matière plastique, respectivement, on continue à amener de la chaleur au substrat (2,2'), et ce substrat continue à être déplacé vers l'endroit où le cuir refendu (13) ou similaire est déposé.
15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moyen d'une raclette, on applique la dispersion de matière plastique contenant du polyuréthane ou la solution liquide de matière plastique, respectivement, qui forme la couche extérieure (14b), sur le substrat qui est constitué de préférence par un papier.
16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que l'on utilise comme substrat une bande de papier fabriquée au préata- ble qui est munie d'une dispersion de matière plastique ou d'une solution de matière plastique solidifiée.
17. Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un revêtement sur un cuir refendu (3) ou similaire comprenant un appui (1, 1') pour le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire à corroyer, un dispositif (6) pour appliquer une dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique sur le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire en vue de former une couche intérieure (14a) du revêtement, et un substrat (2, 2') dont la surface présente une texture, et présente par exemple une texture de fleur de cuir en négatif, pour supporter une couche extérieure (14b) du revêtement présentant une texture, caractérisé par le fait qu'une partie au moins de l'appui (1,1') est guidée en étant mobile autour d'un endroit de renvoi (5) dans la région duquel le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire muni du revêtement (4) est transmis au substrat (2, 2') qui supporte la couche extérieure (14b), de telle sorte que le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire repose par sa face présentant la dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique sur la couche extérieure (14b) qui s'appuie sur le substrat (2, 2'), et par le fait qu'un cylindre applicateur (6) est prévu au-dessus de l'appui (1) pour appliquer sur le cuir refendu ou similaire la dispersion aqueuse de matière plastique.
18. Dispositif selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par le fait que l'appui (1) est constitué par une bande sans fin entraînée et guidée sur au moins deux rouleaux (5), l'un des rouleaux constituant le rouleau de renvoi.
19. Dispositif selon la revendication 17 ou 18, caractérisé par le fait que la bande qui constitue l'appui (1) est munie d'un recouvrement, avantageusement en papier, qui est constitué de préférence par une bande sans fin.
20. Dispositif selon la revendication 17,18 ou 19, caractérisé par le fait que la direction de rotation du cylindre applicateur (6) est opposée à la direction de déplacement de l'appui (1).
21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 20, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2) est constitué par une bande transporteuse qui se déplace.
22. Dispositif selon la revendication 21, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2) est constitué par une bande transporteuse sans fin qui est guidée sur des organes de guidage.
23. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 20, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2') est constitué par un corps porteur en forme de plaque qui est mobile sur un dispositif de transport, par exemple sur des rouleaux transporteurs (9).
24. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 23, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') est chauffé.
25. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 24, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') est constitué par du caoutchouc de silicones qui est, de préférence, muni d'un renforcement.
26. Dispositif selon la revendication 25, caractérisé par le fait que le renforcement est constitué par un feutrage ou un tissu en fibres de verre, d'amiante ou de carbone.
27. Dispositif selon la revendication 25 ou 26, caractérisé par le fait que le renforcement est noyé dans le substrat.
28. Dispositif selon la revendication 25 ou 26, caractérisé par le fait que le renforcement est posé sur la face inférieure du substrat.
29. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 25 à 28, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2') se compose de deux couches présentant une dureté différente et/ou une élasticité différente, la couche inférieure étant plus dure et/ou moins élastique que la couche supérieure.
30. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 24, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat est constitué par un papier présentant une surface qui comporte une texture et qui est munie de préférence d'un revêtement en matière plastique, et en particulier par une bande de papier (47) qui peut être retirée d'un rouleau.
31. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 30, caractérisé par le fait qu'un dispositif de coulée, à raclette ou de pulvérisation (20) est prévu au-dessus du substrat (2, 2') pour appliquer sur le substrat une dispersion de matière plastique ou une solution de matière plastique.
32. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 31, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un dispositif de serrage ou, respectivement, de pressage (11, 11') agissant sur le substrat (2, 2') qui supporte le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire muni d'un revêtement (4).
33. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 32, caractérisé par le fait qu'est disposée sur le substrat (2, 2') une couche préséchée, de préférence une couche definition (12) qui se lie au revêtement (4).
34. Dispositif selon l'une des revendication 17 à 33, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins un cylindre de transmission (10) est prévu dans la région du passage de l'appui (1) au substrat (2, 2').
35. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 34, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un dispositif de séchage constitué de préférence par un dispositif à vide (24) pour le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire qui se trouve sur le substrat (2, 2') et qui est muni du revêtement.
36. Dispositif selon la revendication 35, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif à vide (24) se compose d'au moins deux parties (29, 30; 36, 41; 46, 49) qui se déplacent et entre lesquelles est disposé le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire muni du revêtement, l'une au moins (30, 41, 49) de ces parties présentant des propriétés élastomeres et étant munie d'au moins une ouverture (32, 45, 50) qui peut être fermée et qui peut être raccordée à une source de vide, grâce à quoi on peut maintenir entre les deux parties une dépression qui produit un serrage de la partie (30, 41, 49) présentant des propriétés élastomères sur le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire muni du revêtement.
37. Dispositif selon la revendication 35 ou 36, caractérisé par le fait que celle des deux parties qui est la partie inférieure est constituée, au moins partiellement, par le substrat (2') qui est appuyé sur un dispositif de transport (29, 36, 46).
38. Dispositif selon la revendication 37, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de transport est constitué par des tables individuelles (29) qui se déplacent et sur lesquelles repose le substrat (2').
39. Dispositif selon la revendication 38, caractérisé par le fait que les tables (29) sont disposées en étant mobiles sur un trajet fermé.
40. Dispositif selon la revendication 38 et 39, caractérisé par le fait que les tables (29) sont disposées en étant mobiles autour d'un centre (28') selon un trajet pour l'essentiel circulaire.
41. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 37 à 40, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif de transport est constitué par un corps porteur circulant sans fin (35, 46).
42. Dispositif selon la revendication 41, caractérisé par le fait que le corps porteur est constitué par des éléments individuels (36) en forme de plaques ou de tubes qui sont reliés entre eux.
43. Dispositif selon la revendication 42, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (36) en forme de plaques ou de tubes sont reliés entre eux par au moins une chaîne transporteuse (38) qui passe autour de roues à chaîne (39).
44. Dispositif selon la revendication 42, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (36) en forme de plaques ou de tubes sont composés de métal, et de préférence d'acier.
45. Dispositif selon la revendication 42, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (36) en forme de plaques ou de tubes sont composés d'une matière plastique résistant à la chaleur, par exemple de polyimide ou de caoutchouc de silicones, et qu'ils sont munis de préférence d'un renforcement en métal, par exemple d'un matelas de fils, d'un tissu ou d'un feutrage.
46. Dispositif selon la revendication 41, caractérisé par le fait que le corps porteur est constitué par une bande sans fin (46).
47. Dispositif selon la revendication 46, caractérisé par le fait que le corps porteur est constitué par une bande d'acier.
48. Dispositif selon la revendication 46, caractérisé par le fait que le corps porteur est constitué par une bande en matière élastomère, par exemple en caoutchouc de silicones.
49. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 41 à 48, caractérisé par le fait que des rouleaux d'appui (47) sont disposés au-dessous du corps porteur (46).
50. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 37 à 49, caractérisé par le fait que des dispositifs de chauffage, par exemple des radiateurs à infrarouge (40), sont prévus au-dessous du dispositif de transport ou du corps porteur, respectivement.
51. Dispositif selon la revendication 36, caractérisé par le fait que celle des deux parties mobiles qui est la partie supérieure comporte une membrane en matière élastomère (30, 41, 49) qui, lors de l'établissement d'une dépression entre les deux parties, est serrée sur le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire qui s'appuie sur la partie inférieure et qui est muni du revêtement.
52. Dispositif selon la revendication 51, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane présente tout autour d'elle une baguette d'étanchéité (31, 50) qui s'appuie sur le dispositif de transport (29, 46) ou sur le substrat (2', 48) appuyé sur celui-ci, la membrane étant entraînée par le dispositif de transport.
53. Dispositif selon la revendication 37 et 52, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs membranes (49) sont disposées les unes à côté des autres sur le dispositif de transport (46), l'une de ces membranes recouvrant à chaque fois au moins un cuir refendu revêtu (3) ou similaire, et les membranes étant le cas échéant reliées les unes aux autres.
54. Dispositif selon la revendication 51, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane est constituée par une bande (41) qui se compose d'une matière élastomère et qui se déplace en synchronisme avec le corps porteur circulant sans fin (36).
55. Dispositif selon la revendication 54, caractérisé par le fait que la bande (41) composée d'une matière élastomère et/ou le corps porteur sont munis de baguettes d'étanchéité (43, 44) en matière élastomère sur les zones de bord qui s'étendent dans la direction du déplacement, ainsi que, le cas échéant, à des distances prédéterminées transversalement par rapport à la direction du déplacement.
56. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 52 à 55, caractérisé par le fait que les baguettes d'étanchéité (31; 43, 44; 50) se composent d'un matériau plus mou que la membrane (30,41,49).
57. Dispositif selon la revendication 52 ou 54, caractérisé par le fait que les baguettes d'étanchéité (31; 43, 44; 50) sont fixées par collage ou par vulcanisation sur la membrane (30,41,49) ou sur le corps porteur.
58. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 36 à 57, caractérisé par le fait que les ouvertures (32, 45, 51) destinées au raccordement à la source de vide sont ménagees dans les baguettes d'étanchéité (31, 43, 50).
59. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 36 à 58, caractérisé par le fait que les ouvertures (32, 45, 51) destinées au raccordement à la source de vide sont munies de soupapes.
60. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 36 à 59, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane (30, 41,49) est munie de rainures (41 a) sur sa face qui est tournée vers le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire.
61. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 36 à 60, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane (30, 41,49) est munie d'un renforcement, par exemple en métal, constitué par un tissu ou par un feutrage.
62. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 36 à 61, caractérisé par le fait que la membrane (30, 41, 49) est chauffée.
63. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 62, caractérisé par le fait que la région du passage de l'appui (1) au substrat (2, 2') est prévue entre le dispositif de coulée, à raclette ou de pulvérisation (20) qui est destiné à appliquer sur le substrat (2, 2', 48) la dispersion de matière plastique ou la solution de matière plastique, et le dispositif à vide (24).
64. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 63, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') est disposé au-dessous du cylindre applicateur (6).
65. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 63, caractérisé par le fait que le substrat (2, 2') est disposé latéralement par rapport au cylindre applicateur (6).
66. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 65, caractérisé par le fait que l'appui est formé par un dispositif de renvoi en forme d'arc constitué par exemple par des rouleaux transporteurs (1'), lequel est disposé entre une bande transporteuse (18) ou similaire qui déplace le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire à corroyer et qui coopère avec le cylindre applicateur (6), et le substrat (2, 2'), et produit une modification de la direction de déplacement du cuir refendu (3) ou similaire.
67. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 66, caractérisé par le fait que l'appui (1) est compose de caoutchouc ou de matière plastique.
68. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 67, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prevu dans la région du passage une buse à air comprimé (19) dirigée sur le cuir refendu (3) ou similaire qui se trouve sur l'appui (1).
69. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 17 à 68, caractérisé par le fait que la vitesse de l'appui (1) et du substrat (2, 2') est réglable, de préférence continûment.
EP85890249A 1984-10-06 1985-10-07 Procédé et appareillage pour la production de cuir fendu Expired - Lifetime EP0178294B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85890249T ATE59680T1 (de) 1984-10-06 1985-10-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von zugerichtetem spaltleder.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3436751 1984-10-06
DE3436751A DE3436751C2 (de) 1984-10-06 1984-10-06 Vorrichtung zum Zurichten von Spaltleder

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89109131.6 Division-Into 1985-10-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178294A2 EP0178294A2 (fr) 1986-04-16
EP0178294A3 EP0178294A3 (en) 1987-05-20
EP0178294B1 true EP0178294B1 (fr) 1991-01-02

Family

ID=6247299

Family Applications (1)

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EP85890249A Expired - Lifetime EP0178294B1 (fr) 1984-10-06 1985-10-07 Procédé et appareillage pour la production de cuir fendu

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4983245A (fr)
EP (1) EP0178294B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE59680T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1294454C (fr)
DE (3) DE3436751C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES8700327A1 (fr)

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DE3720776A1 (de) * 1987-06-24 1989-01-12 Helmuth Schmoock Ledermaterial sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu seiner herstellung
DE3832822A1 (de) * 1988-09-28 1990-03-29 Helmuth Schmoock Leder und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
IT1245467B (it) * 1991-03-19 1994-09-20 Lorica Spa Procedimento per ottenere un prodotto in foglio avente aspetto simile a quello della pelle naturale, a partire da una pelle sintetica realizzata in materiale composito
DE19510240A1 (de) * 1994-03-29 1995-10-05 Philipp Schaefer Leder oder Kunstleder
US5958554A (en) * 1996-06-05 1999-09-28 Mat, Inc. Reconstituted leather product and process
US6264879B1 (en) 1996-06-05 2001-07-24 Mat, Inc. Reconstituted leather product and process
US6099938A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-08-08 Advanced Laminationtechnoloties Ltd. Leather piece lamination to low melt film adhesive
US6179879B1 (en) * 1999-03-24 2001-01-30 Acushnet Company Leather impregnated with temperature stabilizing material and method for producing such leather
AT5281U1 (de) * 1999-09-13 2002-05-27 Schaefer Philipp Leder, insbesondere narbenleder oder mit einer zurichtung versehenes spaltleder, das an seiner der sichtseite gegenüberliegenden rückseite eine schicht aufweist, sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen leders
AU3575100A (en) * 2000-02-25 2001-09-03 Roberto Solis Castillo Lining for natural and synthetic fibrous materials and application method
GB0013302D0 (en) * 2000-06-02 2000-07-26 B & H Res Ltd Formation of sheet material using hydroentanglement
AT4947U3 (de) 2001-10-04 2002-06-25 Schaefer Philipp Vollnarbiges rindnappaleder und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
GB0128692D0 (en) * 2001-11-30 2002-01-23 B & H Res Ltd Formation of sheet material using hydroentanglement
AT5980U1 (de) * 2002-04-15 2003-02-25 Schaefer Philipp Vollnarbiges walknappaleder und verfahren zur herstellung desselben
TWI256416B (en) * 2003-06-02 2006-06-11 Rohm & Haas Aqueous leather treatment composition and method of use
WO2005047549A1 (fr) 2003-11-15 2005-05-26 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Substrat pourvu d'un appret
US20070292217A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-12-20 Mat, Inc. Corn stover blanket and method of making the same
WO2007084952A2 (fr) * 2006-01-18 2007-07-26 Akrion Technologies, Inc. Systèmes et procédés de séchage d'un substrat en rotation
US20110020590A1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2011-01-27 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Split leather product and manufacturing method therefor
CN102099184B (zh) * 2008-07-17 2015-04-08 巴斯夫欧洲公司 连续生产多层复合体的方法
DE202010011015U1 (de) 2010-08-04 2011-11-16 Philipp Schaefer Formatzuschnitt
AT512135B1 (de) * 2011-09-28 2013-12-15 Wollsdorf Leder Schmidt & Co Ges M B H Leder mit textil/vliesschicht auf der nabenseite
CN104445039B (zh) * 2014-12-25 2016-05-18 周士志 一种箱包皮革的制备方法
JP6377785B2 (ja) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-22 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 使い捨て吸収性物品
US20210094207A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Interior trim panel for a vehicle and method of forming an interior trim panel for a vehicle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES547615A0 (es) 1986-10-16
DE3436751A1 (de) 1986-04-17
US4923732A (en) 1990-05-08
ATE59680T1 (de) 1991-01-15
US4983245A (en) 1991-01-08
EP0178294A2 (fr) 1986-04-16
DE3436751C2 (de) 1987-04-02
ES8700327A1 (es) 1986-10-16
DE3584451D1 (de) 1991-11-21
EP0178294A3 (en) 1987-05-20
CA1294454C (fr) 1992-01-21
DE3581040D1 (de) 1991-02-07

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