EP0172363B1 - Heat-exchange apparatus, particularly for cooling gas from a high-temperature reactor - Google Patents

Heat-exchange apparatus, particularly for cooling gas from a high-temperature reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0172363B1
EP0172363B1 EP85107951A EP85107951A EP0172363B1 EP 0172363 B1 EP0172363 B1 EP 0172363B1 EP 85107951 A EP85107951 A EP 85107951A EP 85107951 A EP85107951 A EP 85107951A EP 0172363 B1 EP0172363 B1 EP 0172363B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support plates
heat exchanger
tube
pressure vessel
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85107951A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0172363A3 (en
EP0172363A2 (en
Inventor
Hans Fricker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Priority to AT85107951T priority Critical patent/ATE40744T1/en
Publication of EP0172363A2 publication Critical patent/EP0172363A2/en
Publication of EP0172363A3 publication Critical patent/EP0172363A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0172363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0172363B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • F28F9/0131—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies formed by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1823—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines for gas-cooled nuclear reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/20—Supporting arrangements, e.g. for securing water-tube sets
    • F22B37/205—Supporting and spacing arrangements for tubes of a tube bundle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0054—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for nuclear applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/051—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means
    • Y10S165/052—Heat exchange having expansion and contraction relieving or absorbing means for cylindrical heat exchanger
    • Y10S165/063—Cylindrical heat exchanger fixed to fixed end supports
    • Y10S165/065—Bent cylindrical heat exchanger

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a heat exchanger of this type is known from DE-C-3037386.
  • this heat exchanger which is used to cool very high temperature gas, e.g. B. 800 ° C
  • a tube is provided in the center of the vertical tube bundle, at the lower end of which the outlet ends of the tubes of the tube bundle are connected.
  • This central tube thus serves to remove the secondary coolant after it has flowed through the tubes of the bundle and has absorbed heat from the hot gas.
  • each group of support plates is fastened to the central tube via relatively thin-walled sleeves such that the lower sleeve end is welded to the central tube and the upper sleeve end is welded to the upper region of the support plate edge parallel to the central tube.
  • the support system is designed to be elastic in the radial direction.
  • the support plates of an upper group can be supported on the aligned support plates of the group below, in order to largely keep the torques acting on the support plates away from the sleeves.
  • the central tube is connected to a tube plate, to which the inlet ends of the tubes are connected and which rests with its outer edge on a shoulder of the pressure vessel.
  • the heat exchanger which has proven itself in operation, it is disadvantageous that it is necessary to fasten the support plates of the central tube.
  • the heat exchanger is mainly suitable for tube bundles whose axial extent is only so great that the thermal expansion in the axial direction is not of major importance.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way that a central tube for fastening the support plates can be dispensed with and the support system is suitable for holding tube bundles of very great axial length.
  • the expansion zone according to the invention can also deal with the thermal expansion problems of tube bundles with a very large axial extent.
  • the heat exchanger has a cylindrical pressure vessel 102, which is closed off by a lower, arched bottom 100. Near the lower end of the pressure vessel 102 there is a gas inlet connection 103 which is connected to a line (not shown) which supplies hot helium gas to the vessel from a high-temperature reactor. At its upper end, the container 102 has a downwardly curved lid 104 with a central gas outlet opening 14. The lid 104 is supported on a peripheral, inwardly projecting edge 15 of the pressure vessel 102 and is fastened to this by means of screws, not shown.
  • a tube bundle 105 which consists of water or steam-carrying tubes 106, is accommodated in the pressure vessel 102. The tubes are coiled along helical lines for most of their length and form several coaxial tube cylinders, which are also coaxial with the container 102.
  • the pressure vessel 102 has a water inlet connection 109 which penetrates its wall laterally, which widens within the pressure vessel and ends in a vertical tube plate 19 having horizontal bores.
  • a steam outlet connection 110 is provided between the lower end of the tube bundle 105 and the base 100, which ends in a vertical tube plate 11 having horizontal bores.
  • a cylindrical jacket 114 which is also coaxial with the tank and surrounds the tube bundle 105 and is attached to an inner, horizontal flange 12 of the pressure vessel 102 arranged below the water inlet port 109 and extends downward to a height between the gas inlet port 103 and the steam outlet port 110 .
  • a cylindrical displacement body 112 which is closed at the upper end, is arranged in the center of the tube bundle 105 and is fastened to the upper end of the casing 114 by means of a four-armed cross 13 and extends downward to a height somewhat above the gas inlet connection piece 103 .
  • a vertically downward and radially extending support plate 113 is attached to each arm of the cross 13, these four support plates 113 together forming a first group of two groups of a support system for the pipes 106.
  • the lower edge of the support plates 113 runs obliquely downwards from the inside to the outside, so that there is a greater length of the support plates on the outside than on the inside.
  • a further displacement body 112 ′ extends in the center thereof, which is closed at its lower end and whose upper end is offset in diameter and projects into the lower end of the displacement body 112, so that the two ends can slide into one another .
  • support plates 113 ' are attached to the displacement body 112', each of which is aligned with one of the support plates 113 of the first group.
  • the four support plates 113 ' together form the second group of the support system.
  • the upper edge of the support plates 113 'of the second group runs horizontally.
  • the tubes 106 are connected to the tube plate 19 of the water inlet connector 109 and are initially distributed evenly around the displacement body 112 in an upper deflection zone 116. They then form the tube bundle 105 as helically wound tubes up to the lower end of the further displacement body 112 '. The tubes 106 then pass through a lower deflection zone 118 and end at the tube plate 11 of the steam outlet connection 110.
  • the shape of the tubes in the deflection zone 118 means that the hottest zone of the heat exchanger, the pipe sections in this zone can deform well under the influence of thermal expansion. In their helical course, the tubes 106 extend through holes in the support plates 113 and 113 ', as a result of which they are guided and held securely.
  • an expansion zone 120 is provided which is free of support plates and through which the windings of the tubes 106 are like coil springs and with essentially the same pitch as their course through the Extend support plates unsupported.
  • the tubes located near the displacement bodies 112 and 112 ' have a greater axial length within the expansion zone 120 than the tubes lying outside, so that the expansion behavior between the inner tubes with a small winding radius is better matched and the outer tubes with a larger winding radius is reached.
  • the support plates 113 'of the second group are articulated at their lower edge by means of a tab 130 on the bottom 100 of the pressure vessel, so that the four tabs 130 together carry the second support plate group.
  • the support plates 113 ' have no connection to the casing 114, so that the second group can expand independently of the casing 114 in the axial direction.
  • hot helium with a temperature of approx. 700 ° C. and a pressure of approximately 65 bar flows into the pressure vessel 102 through the gas inlet connection 103 and is distributed in the annular space between the pressure vessel wall and the jacket 114.
  • the hot gas also flows into the lower deflection zone 118 below the jacket 14 and then flows through the space between the jacket 114 and the displacers 112 and 112 ', wherein it is cooled on the tubes 106. It still escapes a pressure of approximately 65 bar, but has a temperature of only 280 ° C., through the central opening 14 to a blower (not shown).
  • the helium gas is cooled by heat transfer to water, which flows into the pipes 106 via the water inlet connection 109 at a temperature of approximately 200 ° C.
  • the water evaporates in the helically wound pipe sections and leaves the heat exchanger at about 530 ° C. and 185 bar via the steam outlet connection 110, from where the steam is used for the purpose of power generation and / or heating.
  • the steam outlet connection 110 is arranged in the hottest area of the heat exchanger, the shape of the pipes 106 in the lower deflection zone 118 is relatively simple, the pipes only having to compensate for slight radial expansion.
  • the design of the pipes 106 in the upper deflection zone 116 is even simpler.
  • the two support plate groups and / or the two displacement bodies 112 and 112 ' can be rigidly connected to one another to protect the pipes 106 and also to simplify the work, for. B. by means of tie rods.
  • the heat exchanger can also be arranged with a horizontal axis or in any inclination.
  • the stretch zone 120 can be in a higher range.
  • the inlet and / or outlet ports for the cooling medium and the medium to be cooled can be arranged differently than shown.
  • the edges of the support plates 113 and 113 'bordering on the expansion zone can, depending on the desired expansion properties of the helically wound tubes in the expansion zone, have a different profile than the drawing shown.
  • the jacket 114 may be omitted or e.g. B. be designed as a tube wall.
  • the pressure vessel can be insulated on the inside or outside or on both sides, at least in the hot area.
  • At least one axial guide slot can be provided in the jacket 114 in the region of each support plate 113, into which a slide shoe attached to the associated support plate is guided, the length of which in the axial direction is less than the axial length of the slot, according to patent CH-PS 613274.
  • the number of support plates can also be greater than four, and the number in one group can differ from that in the other groups.

Abstract

The heat exchanger is constructed with an expansion zone between the two groups of support plates for the helical tubes. In addition, the upper group of support plates is connected at the upper ends to a cross. A lower group of support plates is connected to a lower part of a displacement member which slides in an upper part of the displacement member. Links are also provided to secure the lower support plates to the bottom of the pressure vessel. The inlet and outlet connections for the secondary medium are provided at opposite ends of the coiled tubes.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeübertrager mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein Wärmeübertrager dieser Art ist aus der DE-C-3037386 bekannt. Bei diesem Wärmeübertrager, der zum Kühlen von Gas sehr hoher Temperatur, z. B. 800°C, bestimmt ist, ist im Zentrum des vertikalen Rohrbündels ein Rohr vorgesehen, an dessem unteren Ende die Austrittsenden der Rohre des Rohrbündels angeschlossen sind. Dieses zentrale Rohr dient also zum Abführen des sekundären Kühlmittels, nachdem dieses die Rohre des Bündels durchströmt und dabei Wärme aus dem heissen Gas aufgenommen hat. Jede Gruppe von Tragplatten ist beim bekannten Wärmeübertrager über relativ dünnwandige Hülsen an dem zentralen Rohr derart befestigt, dass das untere Hülsenende am zentralen Rohr und das obere Hülsenende am oberen Bereich des zum zentralen Rohr parallelen Tragplattenrandes angeschweisst ist. Dadurch wird das Tragsystem in radialer Richtung elastisch ausgebildet. Die Tragplatten einer oberen Gruppe können sich dabei auf den fluchtenden Tragplatten der darunter befindlichen Gruppe abstützen, um die an den Tragplatten wirkenden Drehmomente zum grossen Teil von den Hülsen fernzuhalten. Ausserdem ist das zentrale Rohr mit einem Rohrboden verbunden, an dem die Eintrittsenden der Rohre angeschlossen sind und der mit seinem äusseren Rand auf einem Absatz des Druckbehälters aufliegt. Bei dem bekannten Wärmeübertrager, der sich im Betrieb an sich bewährt hat, ist nachteilig, dass es zur Befestigung der Tragplatten des zentralen Rohres bedarf. Ausserdem eignet sich der Wärmeübertrager hauptsächlich für Rohrbündel, deren axiale Erstreckung nur so gross ist, dass die Wärmedehnung in axialer Richtung nicht von gravierender Bedeutung sind.A heat exchanger of this type is known from DE-C-3037386. In this heat exchanger, which is used to cool very high temperature gas, e.g. B. 800 ° C, a tube is provided in the center of the vertical tube bundle, at the lower end of which the outlet ends of the tubes of the tube bundle are connected. This central tube thus serves to remove the secondary coolant after it has flowed through the tubes of the bundle and has absorbed heat from the hot gas. In the known heat exchanger, each group of support plates is fastened to the central tube via relatively thin-walled sleeves such that the lower sleeve end is welded to the central tube and the upper sleeve end is welded to the upper region of the support plate edge parallel to the central tube. As a result, the support system is designed to be elastic in the radial direction. The support plates of an upper group can be supported on the aligned support plates of the group below, in order to largely keep the torques acting on the support plates away from the sleeves. In addition, the central tube is connected to a tube plate, to which the inlet ends of the tubes are connected and which rests with its outer edge on a shoulder of the pressure vessel. In the known heat exchanger, which has proven itself in operation, it is disadvantageous that it is necessary to fasten the support plates of the central tube. In addition, the heat exchanger is mainly suitable for tube bundles whose axial extent is only so great that the thermal expansion in the axial direction is not of major importance.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wärmeübertrager der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass auf ein zentrales Rohr zur Befestigung der Tragplatten verzichtet werden kann und das Tragsystem zur Halterung von Rohrbündeln sehr grosser axialer Länge geeignet ist.The invention has for its object to improve a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way that a central tube for fastening the support plates can be dispensed with and the support system is suitable for holding tube bundles of very great axial length.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Durch die erfindungsgemässe Dehnzone können auch die Wärmedehnungsprobleme von Rohrbündeln mit sehr grosser axialer Erstreckung beherrscht werden. Ausserdem besteht kein Zwang, im Zentrum des Rohrbündels eine Rohrleitung zum Abführen des Sekundärmediums vorzusehen oder die Austrittsenden der Rohre des Rohrbündels jedes für sich mittels eines Rohres durch einen zentralen Raum des Rohrbündels zur Eintrittsseite zurückzuführen. Man kann also die Austrittsenden des Rohrbündels direkt an dessen Austrittsende aus dem Druckbehälter herausführen, was konstruktiv weniger aufwendig ist als beim bekannten Wärmeübertrager.The expansion zone according to the invention can also deal with the thermal expansion problems of tube bundles with a very large axial extent. In addition, there is no obligation to provide a pipe in the center of the tube bundle for discharging the secondary medium or to return the outlet ends of the tubes of the tube bundle individually to the entry side by means of a tube through a central space of the tube bundle. So you can lead the outlet ends of the tube bundle directly at the outlet end of the pressure vessel, which is structurally less expensive than in the known heat exchanger.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung sowie seine Vorteile werden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, die schematisch einen Längsschnitt durch einen vertikalen Wärmeübertrager zeigt.An embodiment of the invention and its advantages are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which schematically shows a longitudinal section through a vertical heat exchanger.

Der Wärmeübertrager weist einen zylindrischen Druckbehälter 102 auf, der durch einen unteren, nach aussen gewölbten Boden 100 abgeschlossen ist. Nahe dem unteren Ende des Druckbehälters 102 ist ein Gaseintrittsstutzen 103 vorgesehen, der mit einer nicht gezeigten Leitung verbunden ist, die heisses Heliumgas aus einem Hochtemperaturreaktor dem Behälter zuführt. An seinem oberen Ende weist der Behälter 102 einen nach unten gewölbten Deckel 104 mit einer zentralen Gasaustrittsöffnung 14 auf. Der Deckel 104 stützt sich auf einem umlaufenden, nach innen vorstehenden Rand 15 des Druckbehälters 102 ab und ist an diesem mittels nicht dargestellter Schrauben befestigt. Im Druckbehälter 102 ist ein Rohrbündel 105 untergebracht, das aus wasser- bzw. dampfführenden Rohren 106 besteht. Die Rohre sind über den grössten Teil ihrer Länge nach Schraubenlinien gewunden und bilden mehrere koaxiale Rohrzylinder, die sich auch koaxial zum Behälter 102 befinden.The heat exchanger has a cylindrical pressure vessel 102, which is closed off by a lower, arched bottom 100. Near the lower end of the pressure vessel 102 there is a gas inlet connection 103 which is connected to a line (not shown) which supplies hot helium gas to the vessel from a high-temperature reactor. At its upper end, the container 102 has a downwardly curved lid 104 with a central gas outlet opening 14. The lid 104 is supported on a peripheral, inwardly projecting edge 15 of the pressure vessel 102 and is fastened to this by means of screws, not shown. A tube bundle 105, which consists of water or steam-carrying tubes 106, is accommodated in the pressure vessel 102. The tubes are coiled along helical lines for most of their length and form several coaxial tube cylinders, which are also coaxial with the container 102.

Nahe unterhalb des Deckels 104 weist der Druckbehälter 102 einen dessen Wand seitlich durchdringenden Wassereintrittsstutzen 109 auf, der sich innerhalb des Druckbehälters erweitert und in einer vertikalen, horizontalen Bohrungen aufweisenden Rohrplatte 19 endet. In gleicher Weise ist zwischen dem unteren Ende des Rohrbündels 105 und dem Boden 100 ein Dampfaustrittsstutzen 110 vorgesehen, der in einer vertikalen, horizontale Bohrungen aufweisenden Rohrplatte 11 endet.Close below the cover 104, the pressure vessel 102 has a water inlet connection 109 which penetrates its wall laterally, which widens within the pressure vessel and ends in a vertical tube plate 19 having horizontal bores. In the same way, a steam outlet connection 110 is provided between the lower end of the tube bundle 105 and the base 100, which ends in a vertical tube plate 11 having horizontal bores.

Auf einem inneren, unterhalb des Wassereintrittsstutzens 109 angeordneten horizontalen Flansch 12 des Druckbehälters 102 ist ein zylindrischer, zum Behälter ebenfalls koaxialer und das Rohrbündel 105 umgebender Mantel 114 befestigt, der sich nach unten bis auf eine zwischen dem Gaseintrittsstutzen 103 und dem Dampfaustrittsstutzen 110 gelegenen Höhe erstreckt.A cylindrical jacket 114, which is also coaxial with the tank and surrounds the tube bundle 105 and is attached to an inner, horizontal flange 12 of the pressure vessel 102 arranged below the water inlet port 109 and extends downward to a height between the gas inlet port 103 and the steam outlet port 110 .

Ebenfalls koaxial zum Behälter 102 ist im Zentrum des Rohrbündels 105 ein zylindrischer, am oberen Ende geschlossener Verdrängungskörper 112 angeordnet, der mittels eines vierarmigen Kreuzes 13 am oberen Ende des Mantels 114 befestigt ist und sich nach unten bis auf eine Höhe etwas oberhalb des Gaseintrittsstutzens 103 erstreckt. An jedem Arm des Kreuzes 13 ist eine sich vertikal nach unten und radial erstreckende Tragplatte 113 befestigt, wobei diese vier Tragplatten 113 zusammen eine erste Gruppe von zwei Gruppen eines Tragsystems für die Rohre 106 bilden. Der untere Rand der Tragplatten 113 verläuft von innen nach aussen schräg abwärts, so dass sich aussen eine grössere Länge der Tragplatten ergibt als innen. Im unteren Bereich des Rohrbündels 105 erstreckt sich in dessen Zentrum ein weiterer Verdrängungskörper 112', der an seinem unteren Ende geschlossen ist und dessen oberes Ende im Durchmesser abgesetzt ist und in das untere Ende des Verdrängungskörpers 112 ragt, so dass die beiden Enden ineinander gleiten können.Likewise coaxial with the container 102, a cylindrical displacement body 112, which is closed at the upper end, is arranged in the center of the tube bundle 105 and is fastened to the upper end of the casing 114 by means of a four-armed cross 13 and extends downward to a height somewhat above the gas inlet connection piece 103 . A vertically downward and radially extending support plate 113 is attached to each arm of the cross 13, these four support plates 113 together forming a first group of two groups of a support system for the pipes 106. The lower edge of the support plates 113 runs obliquely downwards from the inside to the outside, so that there is a greater length of the support plates on the outside than on the inside. In the lower region of the tube bundle 105, a further displacement body 112 ′ extends in the center thereof, which is closed at its lower end and whose upper end is offset in diameter and projects into the lower end of the displacement body 112, so that the two ends can slide into one another .

Am Verdrängungskörper 112' sind vier vertikale und sich radial erstreckende Tragplatten 113' befestigt, die je mit einer der Tragplatten 113 der ersten Gruppe fluchten. Die vier Tragplatten 113' bilden zusammen die zweite Gruppe des Tragsystems. Der obere Rand der Tragplatten 113' der zweiten Gruppe verläuft horizontal.Four vertical and radially extending support plates 113 'are attached to the displacement body 112', each of which is aligned with one of the support plates 113 of the first group. The four support plates 113 'together form the second group of the support system. The upper edge of the support plates 113 'of the second group runs horizontally.

Die Rohre 106 sind an der Rohrplatte 19 des Wassereintrittsstutzens 109 angeschlossen und verteilen sich zunächst in einer oberen Umlenkzone 116 gleichmässig um den Verdrängungskörper 112 herum. Sie bilden dann als schraubenlinienförmig gewundene Rohre bis zum unteren Ende des weiteren Verdrängungskörpers 112' das Rohrbündel 105. Anschliessend durchlaufen die Rohre 106 eine untere Umlenkzone 118 und enden an der Rohrplatte 11 des Dampfaustrittsstutzens 110. Durch die Formgebung der Rohre in der Umlenkzone 118, die die heisseste Zone des Wärmeübertragers bildet, können sich die in dieser Zone liegenden Rohrabschnitte unter dem Einfluss von Wärmedehnungen gut verformen. In ihrem schraubenlinienförmigen Verlauf erstrecken sich die Rohre 106 durch Löcher in den Tragplatten 113 und 113', wodurch sie sicher geführt und gehaltert werden. Zwischen den Tragplatten 113 der ersten Gruppe und den Tragplatten 113' der zweiten Gruppe ist eine Dehnzone 120 vorgesehen, die frei von Tragplatten ist und durch die sich also die Windungen der Rohre 106 wie Schraubenfedern und mit im wesentlichen gleicher Steigung wie in ihrem Verlauf durch die Tragplatten ungestützt erstrecken. Infolge des schräg abwärts verlaufenden unteren Randes der Tragplatten 113 weisen die nahe den Verdrängungskörpern 112 und 112' befindlichen Rohre eine grössere axiale Länge innerhalb der Dehnzone 120 auf als die aussen liegenden Rohre, so dass eine bessere Übereinstimmung des Dehnverhaltens zwischen den inneren Rohren mit kleinem Windungsradius und den äusseren Rohren mit grösserem Windungsradius erreicht wird. Die Tragplatten 113' der zweiten Gruppe sind an ihrem unteren Rand mittels je einer Lasche 130 am Boden 100 des Druckbehälters gelenkig befestigt, so dass die vier Laschen 130 zusammen die zweite Tragplattengruppe tragen. Die Tragplatten 113' weisen keine Verbindung mit dem Mantel 114 auf, so dass die zweite Gruppe sich unabhängig vom Mantel 114 in axialer Richtung dehnen kann.The tubes 106 are connected to the tube plate 19 of the water inlet connector 109 and are initially distributed evenly around the displacement body 112 in an upper deflection zone 116. They then form the tube bundle 105 as helically wound tubes up to the lower end of the further displacement body 112 '. The tubes 106 then pass through a lower deflection zone 118 and end at the tube plate 11 of the steam outlet connection 110. The shape of the tubes in the deflection zone 118 means that the hottest zone of the heat exchanger, the pipe sections in this zone can deform well under the influence of thermal expansion. In their helical course, the tubes 106 extend through holes in the support plates 113 and 113 ', as a result of which they are guided and held securely. Between the support plates 113 of the first group and the support plates 113 'of the second group, an expansion zone 120 is provided which is free of support plates and through which the windings of the tubes 106 are like coil springs and with essentially the same pitch as their course through the Extend support plates unsupported. As a result of the obliquely downward-running lower edge of the support plates 113, the tubes located near the displacement bodies 112 and 112 'have a greater axial length within the expansion zone 120 than the tubes lying outside, so that the expansion behavior between the inner tubes with a small winding radius is better matched and the outer tubes with a larger winding radius is reached. The support plates 113 'of the second group are articulated at their lower edge by means of a tab 130 on the bottom 100 of the pressure vessel, so that the four tabs 130 together carry the second support plate group. The support plates 113 'have no connection to the casing 114, so that the second group can expand independently of the casing 114 in the axial direction.

Im Betrieb des Wärmeübertragers fliesst durch den Gaseintrittsstutzen 103 heisses Helium mit einer Temperatur von ca. 700°C und einem Druck von etwa 65 bar in den Druckbehälter 102 und verteilt sich im Ringraum zwischen der Druckbehälterwand und dem Mantel 114. Das heisse Gas strömt ferner in die untere Umlenkzone 118 unterhalb des Mantels 14 und durchströmt dann den Raum zwischen dem Mantel 114 und den Verdrängungskörpern 112 und 112', wobei es an den Rohren 106 abgekühlt wird. Es entweicht-immer noch einen Druck von ca. 65 bar, aber eine Temperatur von nur noch 280 °C aufweisend - durch die zentrale Öffnung 14 zu einem nicht gezeigten Gebläse. Die Kühlung des Heliumgases geschieht durch Wärmeübertragung an Wasser, das über den Wassereintrittsstutzen 109 mit einer Temperatur von ca. 200°C den Rohren 106 zuströmt. In den schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Rohrabschnitten verdampft das Wasser und verlässt mit etwa 530°C und 185 bar den Wärmeübertrager über den Dampfaustrittsstutzen 110, von wo aus der Dampf zum Zwecke der Stromerzeugung und/ oder der Heizung verwendet wird.During operation of the heat exchanger, hot helium with a temperature of approx. 700 ° C. and a pressure of approximately 65 bar flows into the pressure vessel 102 through the gas inlet connection 103 and is distributed in the annular space between the pressure vessel wall and the jacket 114. The hot gas also flows into the lower deflection zone 118 below the jacket 14 and then flows through the space between the jacket 114 and the displacers 112 and 112 ', wherein it is cooled on the tubes 106. It still escapes a pressure of approximately 65 bar, but has a temperature of only 280 ° C., through the central opening 14 to a blower (not shown). The helium gas is cooled by heat transfer to water, which flows into the pipes 106 via the water inlet connection 109 at a temperature of approximately 200 ° C. The water evaporates in the helically wound pipe sections and leaves the heat exchanger at about 530 ° C. and 185 bar via the steam outlet connection 110, from where the steam is used for the purpose of power generation and / or heating.

Obwohl der Dampfaustrittsstutzen 110 im heissesten Bereich des Wärmeübertragers angeordnet ist, ist die Formgebung der Rohre 106 in der unteren Umlenkzone 118 relativ einfach, wobei die Rohre nur geringfügige Dehnungen in radialer Richtung auszugleichen haben. Noch einfacher ist die Gestaltung der Rohre 106 in der oberen Umlenkzone 116. Durch die Befestigung der ersten Tragplattengruppe an deren oberen Ende und die Befestigung der zweiten Tragplattengruppe mittels der Laschen 130 am Boden 100 des Druckbehälters können sich beide Gruppen innerhalb der auslegungsmässigen Wärmedehnungen des Wärmeübertragers wegen der Dehnzone in axialer Richtung gegeneinander bewegen, ohne dass wesentliche Spannungen entstehen. Radiale Wärmedehnungen des Rohrbündels 105 in seinem heissesten Bereich sowie der ebenfalls im heissesten Bereich des Wärmeübertragers befindlichen Tragplatten 113' der zweiten Gruppe können dank der gelenkigen Befestigung der Laschenenden praktisch spannungsfrei aufgenommen werden.Although the steam outlet connection 110 is arranged in the hottest area of the heat exchanger, the shape of the pipes 106 in the lower deflection zone 118 is relatively simple, the pipes only having to compensate for slight radial expansion. The design of the pipes 106 in the upper deflection zone 116 is even simpler. By fastening the first support plate group at its upper end and attaching the second support plate group by means of the tabs 130 to the bottom 100 of the pressure vessel, both groups can move within the design thermal expansions of the heat exchanger the expansion zone against each other in the axial direction without causing significant stresses. Radial thermal expansions of the tube bundle 105 in its hottest area and also the support plates 113 'of the second group, which are also in the hottest area of the heat exchanger, can be absorbed practically stress-free thanks to the articulated fastening of the tab ends.

Bei der Montage des Wärmeübertragers können zum Schutz der Rohre 106 und auch zur Vereinfachung der Arbeiten die beiden Tragplattengruppen und/oder die beiden Verdrängungskörper 112 und 112' miteinander starr verbunden werden, z. B. mittels Zugankern.When installing the heat exchanger, the two support plate groups and / or the two displacement bodies 112 and 112 'can be rigidly connected to one another to protect the pipes 106 and also to simplify the work, for. B. by means of tie rods.

Abweichend von dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Wärmeübertrager auch mit horizontaler Achse oder in irgendeiner beliebigen Neigung angeordnet werden. Die Dehnzone 120 kann in einem höheren Bereich liegen. Die Ein- und/oder Austrittsstutzen für das Kühlmedium und das zu kühlende Medium können anders als gezeichnet angeordnet sein. Die an die Dehnzone grenzenden Ränder der Tragplatten 113 und 113' können, je nach gewünschten Dehneigenschaften der schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Rohre in der Dehnzone, einen gegenüber dem gezeichneten unterschiedlichen Verlauf haben. Der Mantel 114 kann weggelassen werden oder z. B. als berohrte Wand ausgebildet sein. Bei entsprechend hohen Temperaturen kann der Druckbehälter innen oder aussen oder auf beiden Seiten, mindestens im heissen Bereich, isoliert werden. Es ist auch möglich, mindestens eine der Tragplattengruppen mit dem Mantel gleitbar zu verbinden. Dabei kann im Mantel 114 im Bereich jeder Tragplatte 113 mindestens ein axialer Führungsschlitz vorgesehen sein, in den ein an der zugehörigen Tragplatte befestigter Gleitschuh geführt ist, dessen Länge in axialer Richtung kleiner ist als die axiale Länge des Schlitzes, gemäss Patent CH-PS 613274.In a departure from the exemplary embodiment described, the heat exchanger can also be arranged with a horizontal axis or in any inclination. The stretch zone 120 can be in a higher range. The inlet and / or outlet ports for the cooling medium and the medium to be cooled can be arranged differently than shown. The edges of the support plates 113 and 113 'bordering on the expansion zone can, depending on the desired expansion properties of the helically wound tubes in the expansion zone, have a different profile than the drawing shown. The jacket 114 may be omitted or e.g. B. be designed as a tube wall. At correspondingly high temperatures, the pressure vessel can be insulated on the inside or outside or on both sides, at least in the hot area. It is also possible to slidably connect at least one of the support plate groups to the casing. At least one axial guide slot can be provided in the jacket 114 in the region of each support plate 113, into which a slide shoe attached to the associated support plate is guided, the length of which in the axial direction is less than the axial length of the slot, according to patent CH-PS 613274.

Die Anzahl der Tragplatten kann auch grösser als vier sein, und die Anzahl in einer Gruppe kann gegenüber derjenigen in den anderen Gruppen verschieden sein.The number of support plates can also be greater than four, and the number in one group can differ from that in the other groups.

Claims (4)

1. A heat exchanger, more particularly for cooling gas from a hightemperature reactor, the heat exchanger having in a pressure vessel (102) bunches (105) of tubes (106) extending helically in coaxial cylinder surfaces and retained in a support system comprising two axially consecutive groups of support plates (113, 113'), each such group comprising at least three interconnected support plates distributed around the tube bunch periphery, the tube turns extending through the support plates, each group being borne in the pressure vessel, characterised in that a support- plate-free expansion zone (120) is present between the two groups of the support system and the two groups are borne at those of their ends which are remote from one another.
2. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 having a tubular displacement member disposed at the centre of the tube bunch, characterised in that the displacement member is subdivided near the expansion zone into two parts (112, 112') guided telescopically one in another and the support plates of one of the two groups are secured to the part which is adjacent to them.
3. A heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the axial extent of the expansion zone as considered radially decreases from the inside towards the outside.
4. A heat exchanger according to any of claims 1-3, characterised in that an inlet port (109) and an outlet port (110) extending laterally through the pressure vessel wall are provided near both ends of the tube bunch for the secondary medium flowing through the tubes of the bunch.
EP85107951A 1984-08-21 1985-06-27 Heat-exchange apparatus, particularly for cooling gas from a high-temperature reactor Expired EP0172363B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85107951T ATE40744T1 (en) 1984-08-21 1985-06-27 HEAT TRANSFER, ESPECIALLY FOR COOLING GAS FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3999/84 1984-08-21
CH3999/84A CH665019A5 (en) 1984-08-21 1984-08-21 HEAT EXCHANGER, ESPECIALLY FOR COOLING GAS FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTOR.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0172363A2 EP0172363A2 (en) 1986-02-26
EP0172363A3 EP0172363A3 (en) 1986-12-30
EP0172363B1 true EP0172363B1 (en) 1989-02-08

Family

ID=4267923

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85107951A Expired EP0172363B1 (en) 1984-08-21 1985-06-27 Heat-exchange apparatus, particularly for cooling gas from a high-temperature reactor

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4687052A (en)
EP (1) EP0172363B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6162787A (en)
AT (1) ATE40744T1 (en)
CH (1) CH665019A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3436549C1 (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5067330A (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-11-26 Columbia Gas System Service Corporation Heat transfer apparatus for heat pumps
DE4136003A1 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-05-06 Siemens Ag, 8000 Muenchen, De Pre-heating heat-exchanger for combustion engines - passes medium under pressure through tubes with increased internal and external surfaces and having fins on inner and outer surfaces
NL1008124C2 (en) 1998-01-26 1999-07-27 Lentjes Standard Fasel Bv Apparatus and method for cooling gas.
DE10303341A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-08-26 Alstom Technology Ltd Air cooler for power plant has casing around helical pipe bundle, first volume that forms inner casing separate from pressure vessel enclosed by cylindrical outer casing with annular gap between them
EP3128278B1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2018-06-20 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Feeding and removal of pipe streams with interim temperature in coiled heat exchangers
WO2020007502A1 (en) * 2018-07-04 2020-01-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Directed decoupling between bundle and core tube in wound heat exchangers
EP3633298A1 (en) * 2018-10-04 2020-04-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Coiled heat exchanger and method for heat exchange

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL113071C (en) * 1961-06-12
CH613274A5 (en) * 1976-11-17 1979-09-14 Sulzer Ag
US4284134A (en) * 1978-09-05 1981-08-18 General Atomic Company Helically coiled tube heat exchanger
CH646245A5 (en) * 1980-09-17 1984-11-15 Sulzer Ag HEAT EXCHANGER WITH PIPE COILS AND AT LEAST ONE GROUP OF SUPPORT PLATES FOR THE PIPE COILS.
JPS5984080A (en) * 1982-11-05 1984-05-15 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Helical coil type heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE40744T1 (en) 1989-02-15
EP0172363A3 (en) 1986-12-30
DE3436549C1 (en) 1985-08-29
JPS6162787A (en) 1986-03-31
CH665019A5 (en) 1988-04-15
US4687052A (en) 1987-08-18
EP0172363A2 (en) 1986-02-26

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