EP0169061A2 - Dekorative Tafel mit auswechselbaren dekorativen Blättern - Google Patents
Dekorative Tafel mit auswechselbaren dekorativen Blättern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0169061A2 EP0169061A2 EP85305094A EP85305094A EP0169061A2 EP 0169061 A2 EP0169061 A2 EP 0169061A2 EP 85305094 A EP85305094 A EP 85305094A EP 85305094 A EP85305094 A EP 85305094A EP 0169061 A2 EP0169061 A2 EP 0169061A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- decorative
- decorative panel
- panel according
- fixing means
- sheets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
- E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
- E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
- E04F13/0814—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements fixed by means of clamping action
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
- B44C1/28—Uniting ornamental elements on a support, e.g. mosaics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
- B44C3/12—Uniting ornamental elements to structures, e.g. mosaic plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
- B44C5/0461—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers used as wall coverings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
- E04F13/141—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of concrete
Definitions
- This invention relates to a decorative panel comprising rigid decorative sheets replaceably installed on a structural support.
- Such decorative sheets can be readily installed or replaced to exhibit a variety of designs by the use of fixing means such as screws.
- fixing means such as screws.
- a variety of decorative accessories such as a picture frame can be further set on the decorative surfaces.
- Such readily replaceable decorative panels are very useful, for example, for display rooms, etc.
- Some decorative sheets can be nailed onto a substrate. Such a nailing installation, however, necessitates the grouting of the nail heads. The grout and nails have to be removed when the decorative sheets are replaced. Considerable work is also required in these dry installation systems when the panel is remodelled.
- a decorative panel comprising rigid decorative sheets which are replaceably installed on a structural support by the use of fixing means, such as screws.
- Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide the above mentioned decorative panel on which a variety of decorative accessories or articles are readily set by utilizing the heads of the fixing means.
- a decorative panel comprising right-angled tetragonal rigid decorative sheets replaceably installed on a structural support by the use of fixing means having flanges at the heads thereof; said decorative sheets having cutouts at the corners thereof and depressions adjacent to the cutouts; each of the corners of four decorative sheets assembled together forming a cut-out hole and a depression around the hole; said structural support containing mating means for the fixing means; the cut-out holes of the assembled sheets being arranged on the mating means; the fixing means being fitted to the mating means through the cut-out holes; the flanges at the heads of the fixing means being recessed on the depressions around the cut-out holes.
- a decorative panel 1 which comprises right-angled tetragonal rigid decorative sheets 2 replaceably installed on a structural support 9 such as frame works, substrate boards or walls by the use of removable fixing means such as screws 6; said decorative sheet 2 having cut outs 3 at the corners thereof and depressions 4 adjacent to the cutouts each of corners of four sheets 2 closely assembled together forming a cut-out hole 5 and a depression 4 around the hole; said structural support 9 containing mating fixing means such as internal screw-thread means 15; the cut-out holes 5 of the assembled sheets being arranged on the mating fixing means 15; the fixing means 6 being fitted to the mating means 15 through the cut-out holes 5; the flanges 7 at the heads of the fixing means being sunk in the depressions 4 around the holes 5; whereby the decorative sheets 2 are replaceably fixed onto the structural support 9.
- a structural support 9 such as frame works, substrate boards or walls by the use of removable fixing means such as screws 6
- said decorative sheet 2 having cut outs 3 at the corners thereof and depressions 4 adjacent to the cutout
- the decorative sheets are normally assembled without substantial gaps. It is generally preferred in view of appearance that the heads of the fixing means recessed on the depressions 4 are not higher than the level of the decorative surface.
- a covering frame 12 can be applied onto an edge or edges of the decorative panel 1. In this case, it is not always needed to secure such covered parts of the decorative sheets by the fixing means.
- other decorative articles can be set on the decorative panel 1 by means of accessories or magnetic force. In the latter case, either one of some fixing means and decorative sheet (s) or the decoration article contains magnet pieces, and the other contains magnetizable pieces.
- the decorative sheets are generally assembled and installed from the bottom row of the decorative sheets.
- the decorative sheets can be readily installed or partly replaced to provide a variety of the decorative panels by those unskilled in the art, when the decorative sheets, structural supports and other accessories are supplied.
- the decorative panel itself can be readily set or replaced to remodel the decorative designs.
- the rigid decorative sheets to be used in the present decorative panel can be square or rectangular rigid sheets of plastics, plastic composites, glass, wood, ceramics, cement concrete, metal, mixtures thereof or the like. Heat-resistant sheets such as those of ceramics, concrete or metal can be glazed on the surfaces thereof.
- the dimensions of the decorative sheets are not especially restricted, but are normally in the range of about 10 cm to about 50 cm. The thickness of the sheet is such that sufficient strength is provided.
- the decorative sheet generally has cutouts 3 and depressions 4 at the four corners thereof. Thus, the cutouts and depression at the edges or corners of the panel 1 form semi- or quarter-circle configurations, where the fixing means can be inserted and recessed.
- cutouts and depressions are not always needed at the corners or edges which are supported by the covering frame 12 of the decorative panel.
- the size of the cutout 3 of the sheet is such that the shank of fixing means such as screws 6 can be passed through.
- the size of the depression 4 is such that the flange 7 at the head of the fixing means can be recessed thereon.
- the cutouts 3 and depressions 4 are normally designed to comprise quarter-round corners.
- the depression 4 at the corners of the decorative sheet 2 can be in the form of a substantially flat plane lower than the decorative surface as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 or an inclined plane tapering towards the cutout 3. It has been unexpectedly found that an inclined depression tapering from the decorative surface to the cutout 3 is advantageous to ceramic tile and the like, because the mechanical strength of the tapered corner is ensured owing to gradual change in the degree of compaction and also glaze is uniformly applied onto such tapering depressions.
- the rigid decorative sheets 2 are replaceably installed on a structural support 9 such as a frame work or a wall containing mating fixing means by the use of removable fixing means such as screws 6 to provide the present decorative panel 1.
- the structural support 9 is exemplified by a frame work composed essentially of horizontal or vertical bars 10 arranged at an interval of the decorative sheet and at least two vertical or horizontal bars 11 supporting the bars 10.
- the bars 10 have mating fixing means such as internal screw-thread holes 15 or holes 26 combined with nuts, at an interval of the decorative sheet to be installed thereon.
- the bars 10 can be fixed onto a structural member such as walls or boards.
- the bar 10 can be a metal bar 10 having U-shaped cross section.
- the U-shaped bars are composed to form a frame work or fixed onto a structural member with the openings thereof downward or upward or sideways.
- the U-shaped bars can have holes 26 at the both parallel sides thereof, as shown in FIG. 3.
- nuts 13 having ring projections 14 at both ends thereof are set between pairs of the holes 26 of the U-shaped bar 10.
- the bars 10 can have internal screw-thread holes.
- the decorative sheets 2 can be readily screwed to the structural support 9 by means of bolts 6 and nuts 13 or screw-thread holes as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, to provide a decorative panel such as decorative walls or self-standing screen walls (e.g.
- the fixing means such as a bolt 6 can have an inner hole (e.g. an inner screw-thread hole 16) for holding accessories and screwdriver grooves 17 at the head thereof.
- the inner hole 16 can hold a decorative head cap 18 or the like.
- the head cap can be of relatively soft materials such as wood or rubber for pinning cards 19 or other displays thereon.
- the inner holes 16 can be equipped with hooks or hangers 20, magnet pieces, rods for supporting shelf boards 21 or trays, or the like, by means of screws or adhesives, etc.
- the washer 8 is to protect the corners of decorative sheets, which is normally of relatively resilient materials such as rubber or plastics.
- the nut 13 normally has polygonal outward surfaces, whereby rotation of the nut is prevented by the bottom of the U-shaped bar as shown in FIG. 3.
- the length of the polygonal body 13 is as long as the distance between the parallel sides of the U-shaped bar 10, and the size of the ring projection 14 is as large as the diameter of the hole 26 at the sides of the bar 10.
- the decorative panel having inverted U-shaped horizontal bars can also be readily anchored onto a structural member such as walls by hooking means 24.
- FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the decorative panel, wherein the above mentioned rigid decorative sheets 2 are installed on a substrate board 25 (used as the structural support) by the use of fixing means such as screws 6 and mating means therefor such as internal screw-thread means 15.
- the substrate board 25 can be a flat board or a flat wall, and the decorative sheets can be screwed thereto by the use of wood screws and as necessary plugs therefor.
- the flat substrate board 25 can contain holes 26 and nuts 22, and the decorative sheets 2 can be screwed thereto by bolts 6 as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- the above mentioned nuts 22 can have guide grooves 23 to mate with hooks 24 fixed to a structural member, whereby the decorative panel 1 can be anchored to a structural member such as walls as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- One of the features of this embodiment is that the decorative sheets 2 are supported and protected by the substrate board 25.
- nuts similar to the nuts 13 appearing in FIG. 4 can be fixed to the holes 26 of the substrate board 25.
- the nut which is similar to the nut 13 but has a flange at one end thereof and preferably an outward opposite- handed screw thread can be set to the hole 26, whereby the decorative sheets 2 can be installed on the both sides of the board 25.
- decoration articles 27 can be advantageously set on the surface of the present decorative panel 1 by means of magnetic force, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the decoration article such as decorative or displaying members are small and light
- it can be set by a single magnet piece and a magnetizable piece.
- the bolt 6 or cap 18 fixed to the bolt as shown in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5, can be a magnet piece and the decoration article can contain a magnetizable piece, and vice versa.
- a picture frame containing magnetizable materials or magnet materials can be readily set and replaced without undecently exposed hanging means.
- the picture frame When the picture frame is relatively light, it can be set on the decorative panel by means of plural magnet pieces.
- the frame 27 should have a hooking means 29 inside the upper portion thereof, as illustrated in FIG. 7. More specifically, the hook 29 (e.g. in the shape of inverted L or sideway U) at the upper portion of the frame 27 is anchored by the magnet cap 18 fixed to the decorative panel 1 to support the weight of the frame, and the magnetizable metal portions 28 of the frame are horizontally attracted by the magnet cap 18, whereby the picture frame 27 can be secured in both gravitational and horizontal directions. It is preferred that the magnetizable metal portion 28 with the hook 29 has some space 30 or allowance 30 with respect to the magnet cap 18 for easily mounting the frame 27.
- the picture frame 27 can have optional configurations and may cover or contain thin articles 31 such as drawings, photographs, posters and documents.
- the frame 27 itself can also provide three-dimensional decoration effects without such decorative articles.
- the picture frame is used in a fashion either to cover the decorative article 31 attached onto the decorative panel or to hold the decorative article therein.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Mirrors, Picture Frames, Photograph Stands, And Related Fastening Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP10783184U JPS6122833U (ja) | 1984-07-17 | 1984-07-17 | 可変装飾板 |
JP107831/84U | 1984-07-17 | ||
JP17076084U JPS641119Y2 (de) | 1984-11-09 | 1984-11-09 | |
JP170760/84U | 1984-11-09 | ||
JP30471/85U | 1985-03-04 | ||
JP1985030471U JPH036476Y2 (de) | 1985-03-04 | 1985-03-04 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0169061A2 true EP0169061A2 (de) | 1986-01-22 |
EP0169061A3 EP0169061A3 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
EP0169061B1 EP0169061B1 (de) | 1991-09-11 |
Family
ID=27286972
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19850305094 Expired - Lifetime EP0169061B1 (de) | 1984-07-17 | 1985-07-17 | Dekorative Tafel mit auswechselbaren dekorativen Blättern |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0169061B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3584045D1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2164002B (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0792979A1 (de) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-03 | Ehlebracht AG | Modulares Verkleidungssystem |
WO2001040597A2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-07 | Denis Parton | Wall tiles |
WO2007132336A2 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Donatella Cavazzuti | Supporting means |
WO2012142218A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Wall panels of dissimilar materials |
WO2012142239A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for assembling panels of dissimilar materials |
WO2012142224A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Building with panels of dissimilar materials |
NL2021490B1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Ferbyn Design Group B V | A kit for making a wall decoration assembly. |
KR200492182Y1 (ko) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-08-26 | 주식회사 가나오케이 | 벽면 입체 조형물 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2287727A (en) * | 1993-10-02 | 1995-09-27 | Colin Emanule Fearon | Interchangeable border or panel |
CN109457888B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-04-14 | 浙江瑞昇建设有限公司 | 一种房屋外墙装饰铝板 |
DE102020002854A1 (de) | 2020-05-12 | 2021-11-18 | Stephan Preus | Keramikfliesen und deren Herstellung für eine Mosaikstruktur |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR454513A (fr) * | 1913-02-18 | 1913-07-07 | Jean Victor Garros | Dispositif de carreau pour la décoration des surfaces murales |
FR809334A (fr) * | 1936-08-11 | 1937-03-01 | Dispositif d'assemblage des carreaux métalliques imitant les carreaux céramiques | |
DE2045283A1 (de) * | 1970-09-14 | 1972-03-16 | Heinz Schürmann & Co, 4800 Bielefeld | Wandbelagsplatte |
DE2149129A1 (de) * | 1970-10-12 | 1972-04-13 | Nazarina Carani | Mit keramischen Fliesen gebildete Wandbekleidung |
DE2150566A1 (de) * | 1971-10-11 | 1973-04-19 | Dura Tufting Gmbh | Vorgefertigtes wandverkleidungselement fuer rauminnenflaechen und anordnung zu seiner montage |
DE2617995A1 (de) * | 1976-04-24 | 1977-10-27 | Cicero Gmbh Verlagsgesellschaf | Austauschbares wandverkleidungselement |
DE2708132A1 (de) * | 1977-02-25 | 1978-08-31 | Gerhard Kappes | Wand- und/oder deckenverschalung aus im schachbrettmuster angeordneten, rechteckigen tafeln |
FR2402931A1 (fr) * | 1977-09-07 | 1979-04-06 | Seiji Abe | Dispositif de fixation ou de fermeture utilisant une feuille magnetique dont l'attraction est renforcee |
DE2757025A1 (de) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-05 | Karl Heinz Kuth | Herstellung von teppichplatten fuer decken oder wandverkleidung, die mit einem daemmstoff versehen sind |
DE2805625A1 (de) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-08-16 | Loehlein Kg Geb | Gelochte ziegelsteinplatte |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0045978B1 (de) * | 1980-08-13 | 1984-01-18 | Walter Dipl.-Ing. Haase | Plattenhalter für eine Fassadenunterkonstruktion für Fassadenplatten aus Naturwerkstein, Betonwerkstein und Keramik |
-
1985
- 1985-07-17 GB GB08518056A patent/GB2164002B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-07-17 EP EP19850305094 patent/EP0169061B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-07-17 DE DE8585305094T patent/DE3584045D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR454513A (fr) * | 1913-02-18 | 1913-07-07 | Jean Victor Garros | Dispositif de carreau pour la décoration des surfaces murales |
FR809334A (fr) * | 1936-08-11 | 1937-03-01 | Dispositif d'assemblage des carreaux métalliques imitant les carreaux céramiques | |
DE2045283A1 (de) * | 1970-09-14 | 1972-03-16 | Heinz Schürmann & Co, 4800 Bielefeld | Wandbelagsplatte |
DE2149129A1 (de) * | 1970-10-12 | 1972-04-13 | Nazarina Carani | Mit keramischen Fliesen gebildete Wandbekleidung |
DE2150566A1 (de) * | 1971-10-11 | 1973-04-19 | Dura Tufting Gmbh | Vorgefertigtes wandverkleidungselement fuer rauminnenflaechen und anordnung zu seiner montage |
DE2617995A1 (de) * | 1976-04-24 | 1977-10-27 | Cicero Gmbh Verlagsgesellschaf | Austauschbares wandverkleidungselement |
DE2708132A1 (de) * | 1977-02-25 | 1978-08-31 | Gerhard Kappes | Wand- und/oder deckenverschalung aus im schachbrettmuster angeordneten, rechteckigen tafeln |
FR2402931A1 (fr) * | 1977-09-07 | 1979-04-06 | Seiji Abe | Dispositif de fixation ou de fermeture utilisant une feuille magnetique dont l'attraction est renforcee |
DE2757025A1 (de) * | 1977-12-21 | 1979-07-05 | Karl Heinz Kuth | Herstellung von teppichplatten fuer decken oder wandverkleidung, die mit einem daemmstoff versehen sind |
DE2805625A1 (de) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-08-16 | Loehlein Kg Geb | Gelochte ziegelsteinplatte |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0792979A1 (de) * | 1996-02-27 | 1997-09-03 | Ehlebracht AG | Modulares Verkleidungssystem |
US5941038A (en) * | 1996-02-27 | 1999-08-24 | Logy Design Und Ehlebracht Gesellschaft Zur Verwertung Gewerblicher Schutzrechte Mbh | Modular system for the creation or cladding of wall, ceiling and/or floor surfaces and the construction of functional surfaces and functional walls |
US6250035B1 (en) | 1996-02-27 | 2001-06-26 | Logy Design Und Ehlebrecht Gesellschaft Zur Verwertung Gewerblicher Schutzrechte Mbh | Modular system for the creation or cladding of wall, ceiling and/or floor surfaces and the construction of functional surfaces and functional walls |
WO2001040597A2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-07 | Denis Parton | Wall tiles |
WO2001040597A3 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-12-20 | Denis Parton | Wall tiles |
WO2007132336A3 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2008-01-31 | Donatella Cavazzuti | Supporting means |
WO2007132336A2 (en) * | 2006-05-15 | 2007-11-22 | Donatella Cavazzuti | Supporting means |
WO2012142218A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Wall panels of dissimilar materials |
WO2012142239A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for assembling panels of dissimilar materials |
WO2012142224A1 (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Building with panels of dissimilar materials |
US8959748B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2015-02-24 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for assembling panels of dissimilar materials |
NL2021490B1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2020-02-27 | Ferbyn Design Group B V | A kit for making a wall decoration assembly. |
KR200492182Y1 (ko) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-08-26 | 주식회사 가나오케이 | 벽면 입체 조형물 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0169061A3 (en) | 1987-06-03 |
GB2164002A (en) | 1986-03-12 |
EP0169061B1 (de) | 1991-09-11 |
GB8518056D0 (en) | 1985-08-21 |
DE3584045D1 (de) | 1991-10-17 |
GB2164002B (en) | 1987-11-11 |
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