EP0155632B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de mélanges de matières - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de mélanges de matières Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155632B1
EP0155632B1 EP85102848A EP85102848A EP0155632B1 EP 0155632 B1 EP0155632 B1 EP 0155632B1 EP 85102848 A EP85102848 A EP 85102848A EP 85102848 A EP85102848 A EP 85102848A EP 0155632 B1 EP0155632 B1 EP 0155632B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cake
solids
centrifuge
drum
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85102848A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0155632A2 (fr
EP0155632A3 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Schiele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mannesmann Demag Krauss Maffei GmbH
Original Assignee
Krauss Maffei AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krauss Maffei AG filed Critical Krauss Maffei AG
Priority to AT85102848T priority Critical patent/ATE60257T1/de
Publication of EP0155632A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155632A2/fr
Publication of EP0155632A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155632A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155632B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155632B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B3/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering
    • B04B3/02—Centrifuges with rotary bowls in which solid particles or bodies become separated by centrifugal force and simultaneous sifting or filtering discharging solid particles from the bowl by means coaxial with the bowl axis and moving to and fro, i.e. push-type centrifuges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S2/00—Apparel
    • Y10S2/908—Guard or protector having a hook-loop type fastener
    • Y10S2/91—Hand or wrist protector

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and to an apparatus for performing the method according to claim 5.
  • centrifuges in the separation of substance mixtures is known in particular in chemistry, pharmacy and processing technology.
  • Thrust and peeler centrifuges used.
  • a centrifuge with a perforated centrifuge basket and a filter bag which can be inserted therein is known. It is a kind of peeling centrifuge in which the peeling process is replaced by an inverting process. While the liquid is being spun off, the centrifuge settles as a filter cake on the inner wall of the filter bag. When the centrifuge is emptied, the filter bag turns inside out more and more, starting from its upper end, continuously releasing part of the filter cake after the other. This is thrown into a space in the centrifuge housing and discharged from there. After completion of the emptying process, the entire width of the filter bag is turned inside out with its inner working surface.
  • the centrifuge must be emptied or the filter bag turned inside out at a greatly reduced speed in order to avoid damage to the filter bag during the turning up due to the high centrifugal forces caused by the centrifugal speed.
  • the centrifugal basket for emptying is arranged so as to be axially displaceable by turning the filter bag inside out and the distance between the basket bottom and the upper end of the filter bag doubles, the axial space requirement of such a centrifuge is correspondingly large.
  • the peeler centrifuge In the peeler centrifuge, a certain amount of mixture is poured into a filter drum, which is then rotated until the solid and liquid constituents are completely separated. The solid cake remaining in the drum is peeled off after the dry spin.
  • the throughput i.e. the separation performance
  • the speed of the peeling centrifuge must be changed frequently within the batch duration because of the different requirements of the individual steps, which can be very energy-intensive. Because of the high peeling forces, the design effort for such centrifuges may be very high. There is also the risk of unforeseeable chatter vibrations.
  • the level of the liquid to be separated cannot be raised above the level of the solid cake.
  • a pusher centrifuge known from FR 1.226.010, in which the mixture of substances is centrifuged in a cake-forming room and the cake is successively transferred from the cake-forming room to other treatment rooms and spun there for dehumidification.
  • the solid cake of the innermost or outermost stage can only be washed with a spray wash, but not with a flooding wash in which a closed liquid level forms over the solid cake.
  • the festival Cloth cake can therefore not be flooded, neither by mother liquor nor by washing liquid.
  • the solid cake can only be formed on a relatively small area of the cake formation area, as in conventional push centrifuges, namely in the gap between the already built-up and pushed forward solid dam and the retracting push floor.
  • the invention has for its object to propose a method for separating solid-liquid substance mixtures, including those with low solid concentrations, and to provide an apparatus for carrying out such a method, by means of which both high throughputs and a high separation performance as in a push centrifuge as well as high product purities, low product moisture levels, good filtrate clarity and high purity of the mother liquor and washing liquid as with a peeling centrifuge, while avoiding the problems described above with both centrifuge types and also achieving a grain protection superior to both centrifuge types.
  • a solid cake is formed on the entire pre-dewatering area within the otherwise tightly closed space, which prevents the loss of fine particles in the filtrate.
  • the filtration rate per unit area and thus the throughput is greater than with conventional push centrifuges, since the initial filling level of the suspension is higher. This advantage is due to the fact that the amount of liquid filtered per unit of time is approximately proportional to the liquid height above the filter medium, i.e. the higher the liquid level in the cake formation room, the higher the throughput of the centrifuge.
  • the effective area By forming the solid cake by flooding the entire pre-dewatering or filtration area, the effective area always remains the same, in contrast to conventional pusher centrifuges, in which the maximum possible throughput depends on the filterability of the cake in the application zone at the moment of the greatest compression and the smallest available filtration area.
  • the filtration speed according to the method according to the invention is also considerably higher than in conventional push centrifuges because the solid cake is not axially compressed by the push floor during the filtration and thus the filtration is hindered.
  • the solid cake When the solid cake is pre-dewatered, i.e. if there is no longer any liquid above the solid cake formed, in the second process step it is transferred in one go to one or more further treatment rooms.
  • the cake is spun dry and discharged by mainly axial displacement, while another cake can already be formed in the cake forming room.
  • a high level of grain protection is achieved. With the transfer of the solid cake, it is rearranged, thereby loosening and reorienting the structure of the cake.
  • the proposed measure of transferring or rearranging the solid particles is based on the knowledge that microstructures, i.e. Form so-called "gussets" in which the capillary and adhesive forces outweigh the centrifugal forces so that the latter are unable to drive the liquid out of the solid cake.
  • the rearrangement makes the gusset more accessible for washing liquid.
  • So-called barrier layers which also hinder the separation of the liquid, also form in the solid cake concentrically to the axis of rotation.
  • the solid cake Before the transfer, the solid cake can be washed overflowing with any amount of washing liquid and spun between, which leads to a higher washing effectiveness than with the known push centrifuges.
  • the mother liquor and washing liquid can be separated one after the other.
  • the method also has the advantage that the working hours of the two rooms can be adjusted under different depending on the mixture of substances to be separated so that the desired quality of the product can be achieved without a "jam" in the centrifuge. If it turns out, for example, that the spin drying takes an excessive amount of time in relation to the processes in the cake-forming room, more intensive pre-dehumidification in the cake-forming room can be achieved by an extended rotation period, so that the dry spin-drying takes less time.
  • the operating parameters in particular set the rotation times and batches in the individual rooms so that the throughput of the material through the centrifuge can be optimized without forming a so-called "bottleneck".
  • the cake formation space and the treatment space in the area between the drum rim and the sliding floor are approximately cylindrical and the treatment space is conical at least over a further area of its axial extent.
  • the cake formation space is thus arranged concentrically within the treatment space, so that the solid cake formed in the cake formation space falls radially outward into the treatment space with rearrangement.
  • the tangential solids discharge housing ensures gentle discharge of the solids.
  • a siphon system arranged on the drum rim with a siphon cup and a siphon peeling tube enables filtrate to drain through holes in the drum rim if there are no holes in the jacket of the inner drum and no side filtration.
  • the device is designed as a horizontal centrifuge.
  • a rotating, axially immovable outer drum 2 is fastened to the hollow shaft 1 and surrounds a treatment room 3.
  • a filter is arranged on the inside of the outer drum 2. It has a cylindrical region 70a and an adjoining conical region 70b. At the end with the larger diameter of the conical region 70b, a tangential solid discharge housing 13 with a discharge nozzle 14 is arranged.
  • a filtrate housing 15 is used to hold the separated liquid.
  • An inner drum 5 with a thrust washer 34 is arranged concentrically with the outer drum 2 on an axially movable push rod 4 which is mounted in the hollow shaft 1. Both drums rotate about a common axis of rotation 30.
  • the push rod 4 rotates at the same speed as the hollow shaft 1, so that the two drums 2 and 5 have the same angular velocity.
  • the push rod 4 is axially movable in the direction of the double arrow 40, so that the inner drum 5 attached to it can also be moved axially.
  • a moving floor 8 with a sealing ring 9 is fixed in place on the outer drum 2 by means of a bolt ring 7.
  • the push floor 8 tightly closes a cake formation space 32 within the inner drum 5 on an axial end face.
  • the opposite end face of the cake formation space 32 is closed off by a drum rim 10 which is at a constant distance from the moving floor 8.
  • the mixture of substances to be separated is fed into the cake formation chamber 32 via an inlet pipe 12.
  • the push rod 4 is set so that the cake formation space 32 is sealed off from the drum rim 10 on the one hand and from the push floor 8 on the other hand.
  • a filter 6 connected to the inner drum 5 allows liquid to escape from the cake formation space 32, which is collected in the filtrate housing 15.
  • a solid cake 50a forms in the interior 32 above the filter 6 and is flooded during the cake formation phase and the washing phase.
  • the cake After a batch has been pre-separated in the cake formation space 32 after it has been filled in with cake formation by filtration / sedimentation, the cake can be pre-dehumidified by intermediate spinning. The solid cake 50a can then be washed submersed - if necessary several times - by means of a washing liquid.
  • the push rod 4 is moved to the right according to the arrow 40 in FIG. 1 together with the inner drum 5 and the filter 6, the drum rim 10 and the push floor 8 remaining stationary, so that the solid cake 50 a from the cake formation room 32 into the treatment room 3 falls.
  • the cake structures formed there, in particular poorly filtering barrier layers or areas with particularly high impurities, are dissolved and the solid particles rearrange.
  • the push rod 4 moves to the right as shown in Fig. 1 to such an extent that the entire batch of solids from the cake formation space 32 falls on the cylindrical region 70a of the filter.
  • the push rod 4 then moves to the left, the thrust washer 34 pushing the solids collected in the cylindrical region 70a of the filter to the left onto the conical region 70b of the filter. There, the solid cake 50b is dehumidified, the filter allowing the liquid to pass into the filtrate housing 15.
  • the inclination of the conical area 70b of the filter is selected so that the solid cake 50b can be moved with little thrust in the direction of the tangential solid discharge housing 13, from where the solids are discharged from the device via the discharge nozzle 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows the area A bordered in FIG. 1 in detail.
  • a so-called “side filtration” can be used: a supporting fabric 17 attached to the drum rim 10 with a sieve 18 facilitates the outflow, in particular of the liquid 60 that protrudes in the cake formation chamber (32) through bores 19.
  • a siphon system 36 fastened to the drum rim 10 with a siphon cup 20 and a siphon peeling tube 21 enables filtrate drainage through bores 25 in the absence of bores 16, 19 and / or in the absence of side filtration .

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé de séparation de mélanges de matières solides et liquides au moyen d'une centrifugeuse, en particulier en vue de filtrer et/ou de sédimenter des matières solides, à partir de suspensions, procédé dans lequel on forme sur une surface de préséchage un gêteau (50a) de matière solide, à partir du mélange de matières, dans la zone de travail de la centrifugeuse, ledit gâteau 50a étant lavé puis transféré à l'état humide dans un autre endroit situé à l'intérieur de la centrifugeuse, procédé caractérisé par les étapes suivantes:
a) formation du gâteau (50a) de matière solide, en recouvrant de liquide l'ensemble de la surface de préséchage, à l'intérieur d'un espace (32) par ailleurs fermé de façon étanche;
b) transfert de l'ensemble du gâteau (50a) dé matière(s) solide(s), à la vitesse de rotation de centrifugation, en une seule fois, c'est-à-dire en une seule opération jusque dans au moins un autre espace (3) de traitement, en vue de son séchage par centrifugation et de sa sortie ou décharge.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant son transfert, le gâteau (50a) de matière solide est lavé en étant recouvert de liquide à l'intérieur de l'espace fermé et subit une centrifugation intermédiaire.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'avant son lavage, le gâteau (50) de matière solide est séché au moyen d'une centrifugation intermédiaire.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le gâteau (50a) de matière solide est rejeté par la force centrifuge dans un ou plusieurs espaces de traitement et est déplacé en vue de sa sortie en subissant un enlèvement supplémentaire d'eau effectué sur un dispositif de séchage approprié.
5. Dispositif pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, constitué par une centrifugeuse comportant un tambour de filtration et un espace (32) de formation de gâteau qui sert en même temps à la formation du gâteau (50a) de matière solide et au préséchage de celui- ci, ainsi qu'un espace (3) de traitement destiné au transfert et au traitement supplémentaire du gâteau (50a) de matière solide, caractérisé en ce que l'espace (32) de formation de gâteau est constitué axialement par un fond (8) de poussée et par un fond (10) de tambour, disposés avec un écart constant entre eux, et radialement par un filtre (6) susceptible d'être déplacé axialement, et en ce que l'espace (3) de traitement est formé par un tambour extérieur (2) fixé à un arbre creux (1) et en ce que le filtre (6) est fixé à l'intérieur d'un tambour intérieur (5) qui, de son côté, entoure l'espace (32) de formation de gâteau et qui est fixé à une tige (4) de poussée qui est disposée concentriquement à l'arbre creux (1) et est montée de façon à pouvoir être déplacée axialement.
6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'espace (32) de formation de gâteau et l'espace (3) de traitement sont approximativement cylindriques dans la zone (70a) située entre le bord (10) de tambour et le fond (8) de poussée, et en ce que l'espace (3) de traitement est conformé coniquement au moins sur une zone supplémentaire (70b) de son étendue axiale.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le tambour intérieur (5) est muni d'un disque (34) de poussée qui parcourt la zone (70a) cylindrique de l'espace (3) de traitement.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un corps (13) d'extraction tangentielle de matière solide est disposé à la partie d'extrémité ouverte de la zone (70b) de l'espace (3) de traitement.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un tissu (17) de soutien ou d'appui, par exemple en forme de disque, comportant un tamis (18), est disposé contre le bord (10) du tambour.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un système (30) de siphon comportant un corps (20) de siphon et un tube (21) de siphon, est disposé contre le bord (10) du tambour.
EP85102848A 1984-03-21 1985-03-13 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de mélanges de matières Expired - Lifetime EP0155632B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102848T ATE60257T1 (de) 1984-03-21 1985-03-13 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von stoffgemischen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3410423 1984-03-21
DE19843410423 DE3410423A1 (de) 1984-03-21 1984-03-21 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum trennen von stoffgemischen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155632A2 EP0155632A2 (fr) 1985-09-25
EP0155632A3 EP0155632A3 (en) 1987-11-25
EP0155632B1 true EP0155632B1 (fr) 1991-01-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85102848A Expired - Lifetime EP0155632B1 (fr) 1984-03-21 1985-03-13 Procédé et dispositif pour la séparation de mélanges de matières

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5021158A (fr)
EP (1) EP0155632B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60212256A (fr)
AT (1) ATE60257T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3410423A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2155801A (fr)
IN (1) IN162707B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4010748A1 (de) * 1989-04-13 1990-10-25 Stahl Werner Verfahren zum betrieb einer schubzentrifuge
DE10115381A1 (de) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-24 Heinkel Ag Stülpfilterzentrifuge
US20070278146A1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-06 Cook Melvin W Centrifugal Fluid Filtration Devices, Systems and Methods
KR102504657B1 (ko) * 2019-11-18 2023-02-27 주식회사 엘지화학 가압 원심 탈수기

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CH627376A5 (de) * 1977-12-07 1982-01-15 Escher Wyss Ag Zentrifuge mit einem ein gasfoermiges medium enthaltenden feststoffraum.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN162707B (fr) 1988-07-02
ATE60257T1 (de) 1991-02-15
EP0155632A2 (fr) 1985-09-25
US5021158A (en) 1991-06-04
GB8502430D0 (en) 1985-03-06
DE3410423A1 (de) 1985-10-03
EP0155632A3 (en) 1987-11-25
GB2155801A (en) 1985-10-02
DE3410423C2 (fr) 1988-06-30
JPS60212256A (ja) 1985-10-24

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