EP0155064B1 - An apparatus for slit radiography - Google Patents

An apparatus for slit radiography Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155064B1
EP0155064B1 EP85200378A EP85200378A EP0155064B1 EP 0155064 B1 EP0155064 B1 EP 0155064B1 EP 85200378 A EP85200378 A EP 85200378A EP 85200378 A EP85200378 A EP 85200378A EP 0155064 B1 EP0155064 B1 EP 0155064B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ray
radiation detector
scanning
ray beam
attenuation elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85200378A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0155064A3 (en
EP0155064A2 (en
Inventor
Simon Duinker
Hugo Vlasbloem
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Optische Industrie de Oude Delft NV
Original Assignee
Optische Industrie de Oude Delft NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Optische Industrie de Oude Delft NV filed Critical Optische Industrie de Oude Delft NV
Publication of EP0155064A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155064A2/en
Publication of EP0155064A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155064A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155064B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155064B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06—Diaphragms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4035—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the source being combined with a filter or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
    • G21K1/043—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers changing time structure of beams by mechanical means, e.g. choppers, spinning filter wheels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H05G1/36—Temperature of anode; Brightness of image power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/60—Circuit arrangements for obtaining a series of X-ray photographs or for X-ray cinematography
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/64—Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating image intensifiers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for slit radiography comprising an X-ray source by means of which a body being irradiated can be scanned through a slit diaphragm by a substantially planar, fan-shaped X-ray beam, while the scanning X-ray beam passed through the body impinges upon an X-ray detector.
  • the apparatus for slit radiography as disclosed in NL-A-8400845 comprises slit control means, which during the scanning movement of the X-ray beam instantaneously and simultaneously adjust the quantity of X-rays passed per section of the slit diaphragm.
  • the slit control means in turn are controlled by means of electric signals, which are generated by detection means positioned adjacent the X-ray detector.
  • the slit control means are designed to adjust per section of the slit diaphragm the width of the slit and/or the transparency of the slit for X-rays. This may be done by means of moving attenuation elements into the slit of the slit diaphrahm, which attenuation elements are made from or provided with an X-ray absorbing and/or even blocking material like lead.
  • the attenuation elements are slidable elements, which will move in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the slit under the control of the electric signals generated by the detection means.
  • the attenuation elements are tongue-shaped elements one end of which may be Pivoted into the X-ray beam passing through the slit.
  • the tongue-shaped elements nay be pi ⁇ zo-electric tongues which may be clad with an X-rays absorbing material.
  • NL-A-8400845 further describes several methods of generating control signals required for the attenuation elements.
  • use is made for that purpose of a series of light detectors placed at the exit side of the X-ray detector device employed; each light detector corresponds with a section of the slit diaphragm and controls, through control means, the attenuation element cooperating with said section, or a group of attenuation elements cooperating with said section.
  • an apparatus of the above described type comprises controllable attenuation elements coacting with the slit diaphragm, each element being adapted to influence a sector of the scanning X-ray beam under the control of signals generated by a radiation detector device; that the radiation detector device is disposed between the body being irradiated and the X-ray detector; that the radiation detector device comprises at least one radiation detector extending at any moment into the scanning X-ray beam passed through the body and moving in synchronism with the scanning movement of the X-ray beam.
  • the radiation detector device is divided into sections corresponding with the sectors of the scanning X-ray beam influenceable by the attenuation elements, while in operation, each section of the radiation detector device generates a signal usable for controlling the attenuation elements.
  • the present invention can be used both in case a lighttight X-ray film cassette and in case any other type of X-ray detector is employed.
  • FR-A-2116168 disclosing an apparatus for obtaining an equalized X-ray shadow picture.
  • the apparatus is of the conventional type and not of the slit radiography type and in order to obtain an equalized X-ray shadow picture a two-dimentional radiation absorbing compensating filter device is used.
  • This filter device compensates for the spatial variations of the X-ray absorption of a patient.
  • the filter device cannot be changed during the actual making of an X-ray picture to adapt it to a momentaneous local absorption value encountered when a patient is scanned by an X-ray beam.
  • a suitable compensating filter device indeed a kind of slit diaphragm and a scanning method are used.
  • the X-ray picture itself is made after removal of the slit diaphragm in a conventional manner.
  • the known method therefore is a two-step method.
  • DE-A-2351413 discloses an apparatus for slit radiography in which an X-ray dose detector is placed between the body to be examined and an X-ray film.
  • the dose detector provides a signal which is used to control the X-ray dose used in scan the body. This is done by controlling the speed of scanning, control of the energization of the X-ray source or by means of a controllable diapfragm.
  • the dose detector however is not divided in sections nor are means disclosed for controlling a slit diaphragm per sector thereof.
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows a first embodiment of the present invention, showing an X-ray source 1 having an X-ray focal point 2.
  • the X-ray source in operation, generates an X-ray beam B, a substantially planar fan-shaped portion B' of which in principle can pass through the slit S of a slit diaphragm 3.
  • the figure shows a body 4 being irradiated and an X-ray detector 5 placed behind said body, said detector 5 being positioned in a casing, not shown.
  • the X-ray detector may be of any conventional type, but is formed in the present embodiment by a lighttight X-ray film cassette containing an X-ray fluorescent screen 6 and an X-ray film 7 placed therebehind.
  • a second X-ray fluorescent screen there is arranged behind the X-ray film a second X-ray fluorescent screen.
  • a film cassette e.g. also a stationary X-ray image intensifier tube with large entrance screen or an X-ray image intensifier tube with a strip-like entrance screen can be employed. In the latter case, the X-ray image intensifier tube, in operation, performs a scanning movement.
  • the X-ray beam B' passed through the slit diaphragm only irradiates a strip-like part of the body 4, which is imaged on the entrance screen of the X-ray detector, as shown at 10.
  • the X-ray beam is adapted to effect a scanning movement in the plane of drawing. This can be effected in different manners not forming part of the present invention, e.g. by having the slit diaphragm perform a movement indicated by an arrow 8.
  • the slit diaphragm coacts with a plurality of controllable attenuation elements 9.
  • the attenuation elements are juxtaposed and may be disposed e.g.
  • the X-ray beam can be attenuated instantaneously and locally to a greater or lesser extent, as described in European patent application EP-A-85200377.1 It is observed that the slit of the slit diaphragm may occupy a horizontal, vertical or intermediate position, while the scanning is effected in vertical, horizontal or intermediate direction.
  • the attenuation elements should be controlled in dependence on the intensity of the X-rays passed through the body.
  • a radiation detector device provided between the body 4 being irradiated and the X-ray detector, said radiation detector device being arranged in such a manner that the radiation passed through the body at any moment can be detected, i.e. for each sector of the X-ray beam passed through the body separately, corresponding with an attenuation element 9 or with a group of such attenuation elements.
  • a radiation detector device performing between the body and the X-ray detector a scanning movement in synchronism with the scanning movement effected, in operation, by the X-ray beam B'.
  • the radiation detector device is coupled mechanically or electromechanically to the means effecting that the X-ray beam performs a scanning movement.
  • the radiation detector device may e.g. be placed before the X-ray detector 5 and, in operation, perform a vertical scanning movement.
  • the radiation detector device is attached to an arm 11 extending from the slit diaphragm in the direction of the X-ray detector.
  • the arm as indicated by an arrow 12, is adapted to swivel relatively to a real or a virtual swivelling axis extending perpendicular to the plane of drawing through the X-ray focal point 2.
  • the arm is at any moment beyond the X-ray beam passed through the slit diaphragm.
  • the arm 11 may be suitably affixed to the slit diaphragm, as shown in Fig.
  • the arm extends beyond the body being irradiated and is provided at the end extending beyond the body with a depending arm 13, which carries an X-ray fluorescent screen 14 at the end distal from the arm 11.
  • the X-ray fluorescent screen 14 extends at least partly at any moment into the X-ray beam passed through the body and forms the radiation detector proper.
  • the depending arm 13 also carries a series of juxtaposed lenses 15.
  • the number of lenses 15 corresponds with the number (groups of) attenuation elements.
  • the lenses are mounted on the depending arm 13 in such a manner that the lenses are present at any moment beyond the X-ray beam passed through the body.
  • Each lens is adapted to collect the light generated in a given sector of the X-ray fluorescent screen under the influence of X-radiation impinging upon the X-ray fluorescent screen.
  • Said sectors correspond again with the sectors of the X-ray beam B' passed or to be passed through the slit diaphragm and influenceable by an attenuation element 9 or a group of attenuation elements.
  • Each lens is adapted to bundle the light collected on a corresponding signal transmitter 16 likewise attached to the assembly of arms 11, 13, e.g. a photodetector transmitting an electric signal corresponding with the luminance of the light. Said electric signal is applied via a line 17 to a control device 18 shown diagrammatically. Control device 18 forms from the signals received control signals for the attenuation element corresponding with the light detector concerned.
  • the fluorescent screen 14 in the embodiment shown, is mounted at an angle to the scanning X-ray beam, so that a relatively high light output is obtained with a relatively thin screen. However, this is not essential. Naturally, the fluorescent screen should be designed so as to minimally attenuate the scanning X-ray beam.
  • the X-ray fluorescent screen 14 may be a screen extending in a direction transverse to the plane of drawing, but if a better separation between the various sectors of the X-ray beam is desired, the screen may also consist of a plurality of juxtaposed but mutually separated screen portions.
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically shows a variant of the radiation detector device shown in Fig. 1, wherein the arms 11, 13 or similar, corresponding members have been omitted.
  • the scanning X-ray beam passed through the slit diaphragm is indicated in Fig. 2 at 20.
  • the X-ray beam 20 Before impinging upon the X-ray film cassette 7 or another imaging X-ray detector, the X-ray beam 20 passes a series of juxtaposed scintillation crystal elements 21, one being shown in Fig. 2, for which may be used e.g. germanium iodide crystals, which produce light under the influence of X-radiation.
  • Each scintillation crystal element is coupled optically to a photodetector 22 producing, in response to the associated scintillation crystal element, an electric signal which can be used again for forming a control signal for a corresponding attenuation element or a corresponding group of attenuation elements.
  • each scintillation crystal element preferably on all sides, except the photodetector-coupled side, is provided with a layer reflecting on the inside.
  • a layer at the same time protects the scintillation crystal element against external influences, such as the action of moisture, which is of relevance, since scintillation crystals mostly have hygroscopic properties.
  • Fig. 3 shows a second variant of the radiation detector device according to the present invention.
  • the scanning X-ray beam is again indicated at 20.
  • a series of scintillation crystal elements there is now employed a series of juxtaposed ionization chambers 30, one being shown diagrammatically.
  • Each ionization chamber comprises two electrodes 31, 32. There prevails a voltage differential between the electrodes.
  • energy-rich radiation such as X-radiation
  • At least the front and rear wall, as viewed in the direction of the scanning beam 20, should be made of material not or hardly attenuating X-radiation.
  • a single elongate ionization chamber can be used which is provided with one common electrode extending along the entire length of the ionization chamber, i.e. transversely to the plane of drawing,and a plurality of separate electrodes from which electrodes the control signals for the corresponding attenuation elements are derived.
  • Such an elongate ionization chamber is shown in Fig. 4 and indicated at 40.
  • the common electrode is indicated at 41 and the electrodes opposite the common electrode are indicated at 42a....e.
  • the common electrode can be considered to be an interconnection of a plurality of separate electrodes. Such an interconnection can be positioned both in the elongate ionization chamber and outside said chamber.
  • a mixed form between the embodiments of a radiation detector shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is shown in top view in Fig. 5.
  • An elongate ionization chamber 50 contains a plurality of partitions 51 of synthetic plastics material, e.g. Mylar®. The compartments between the partitions again form the ionization chamber.
  • the scanning X-ray beam 20 is shown in top view and has the direction indicated by an arrow 52.
  • the partitions are directed preferably at the X-ray focal point 2.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Radiography Using Non-Light Waves (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
EP85200378A 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography Expired EP0155064B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8400845 1984-03-16
NL8400845A NL8400845A (nl) 1984-03-16 1984-03-16 Inrichting voor spleetradiografie.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155064A2 EP0155064A2 (en) 1985-09-18
EP0155064A3 EP0155064A3 (en) 1989-03-22
EP0155064B1 true EP0155064B1 (en) 1992-04-29

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ID=19843657

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85200378A Expired EP0155064B1 (en) 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography
EP85200379A Expired EP0155065B1 (en) 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography comprising discrete, controllable attenuation elements coacting with a slit diaphragm
EP85200377A Expired EP0158382B1 (en) 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85200379A Expired EP0155065B1 (en) 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography comprising discrete, controllable attenuation elements coacting with a slit diaphragm
EP85200377A Expired EP0158382B1 (en) 1984-03-16 1985-03-14 An apparatus for slit radiography

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US4715056A (ja)
EP (3) EP0155064B1 (ja)
JP (3) JPS60253200A (ja)
DE (3) DE3585925D1 (ja)
IL (3) IL74612A (ja)
NL (1) NL8400845A (ja)

Families Citing this family (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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IL74613A (en) 1990-03-19
DE3563280D1 (en) 1988-07-14
EP0158382B1 (en) 1988-06-08
US4675893A (en) 1987-06-23
JPS60253200A (ja) 1985-12-13
EP0155065A3 (en) 1989-03-22
DE3585925D1 (de) 1992-06-04
US4984258A (en) 1991-01-08
EP0155064A3 (en) 1989-03-22
JPH0415692B2 (ja) 1992-03-18
JPS60253199A (ja) 1985-12-13
EP0155065A2 (en) 1985-09-18
JPH0415691B2 (ja) 1992-03-18
EP0155064A2 (en) 1985-09-18
IL74614A0 (en) 1985-06-30
IL74612A (en) 1989-09-10
JPH0415693B2 (ja) 1992-03-18
DE3586134D1 (de) 1992-07-09
IL74613A0 (en) 1985-06-30
DE3586134T2 (de) 1992-12-03
IL74614A (en) 1991-06-30
IL74612A0 (en) 1985-06-30
NL8400845A (nl) 1985-10-16
EP0158382A1 (en) 1985-10-16
EP0155065B1 (en) 1992-06-03
JPS60253198A (ja) 1985-12-13
US4715056A (en) 1987-12-22

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