EP0151700A2 - Four industriel, notamment four à vide à chambres multiples, pour le traitement thermique de charges de pièces métalliques - Google Patents

Four industriel, notamment four à vide à chambres multiples, pour le traitement thermique de charges de pièces métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0151700A2
EP0151700A2 EP84113445A EP84113445A EP0151700A2 EP 0151700 A2 EP0151700 A2 EP 0151700A2 EP 84113445 A EP84113445 A EP 84113445A EP 84113445 A EP84113445 A EP 84113445A EP 0151700 A2 EP0151700 A2 EP 0151700A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
cooling
batch
industrial furnace
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84113445A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0151700A3 (en
EP0151700B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dr.-Ing. Wünning
Wilhelm Neubauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Original Assignee
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aichelin GmbH Germany filed Critical Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority to AT84113445T priority Critical patent/ATE35428T1/de
Publication of EP0151700A2 publication Critical patent/EP0151700A2/fr
Publication of EP0151700A3 publication Critical patent/EP0151700A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0151700B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151700B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an industrial furnace, in particular a multi-chamber vacuum furnace for the heat treatment of batches of metallic workpieces, with a heating chamber and a cooling chamber containing a cooling device acted upon with cooling gas, in which a heat-treated batch is flowed with cooling gas which is circulated via a heat exchanger, and optionally with a oil bath.
  • Industrial furnaces of this type are used to a large extent for hardening steel parts, in particular all types of parts made of tool steels, as well as for various cooling processes and other heat treatments of metal parts.
  • An example of such an industrial furnace is described in DE-OS 26 08 850.
  • This three-chamber vacuum furnace surrounded by a water-cooled, double-walled housing, has a heating chamber and two adjoining cooling chambers, one of which contains cooling means that act with cooling gas, while the other works with a quenching oil bath.
  • the cooler direction in the first-mentioned cooling chamber has a cooling gas circulating device containing a fan, through which the circuit circulates via an outside of the housing arranged heat exchanger guided cooling gas, possibly with the aid of gas baffles, is moved around the heat-treated batch located in the cooling chamber in order to achieve rapid cooling of the batch.
  • the gas circulation in the cooling chamber means that large amounts of gas have to be transported because of the relatively large gas passage cross sections and to generate the high speed of the cooling gas on the batch required for the rapid cooling of the batch already in the feed line between the fan and the batch as well high cooling gas velocities can be maintained in the return line from the batch to the heat exchanger and the fan, with the result that considerable pressure losses have to be accepted in the entire cooling gas circuit. These pressure losses either result in an increased power requirement of the fan drive, or else they result in an undesired reduction in the cooling gas speed prevailing in the area of the batch, given the drive power of the fan.
  • this nozzle cooling device can only be adjusted to different batches to a limited extent.
  • the charge can basically only be blown from opposite sides, because the cooling gas supply and drive devices are accommodated on the top of the heating channel.
  • the blowing conditions required to achieve optimal cooling vary depending on the particular shape and composition of the batch. It makes a difference whether a batch of cylindrical, standing parts or a batch consisting of one or more plate-shaped workpieces has to be cooled.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an industrial furnace, in particular a multi-chamber
  • the industrial furnace mentioned at the outset is characterized according to the invention in that the cooling device has nozzles which open into the cooling chamber and blow the batch with cooling gas, and that the nozzles which are arranged in a fixed manner in the cooling chamber are arranged interchangeably with changes in the blowing conditions of the batch.
  • the nozzles are designed to be interchangeable in groups, changing the nozzle arrangement (nozzle pattern) and / or the nozzle diameter and / or the nozzle spacing.
  • the new industrial furnace only allows high cooling gas speeds to be generated in the cooling chamber by appropriate selection of the nozzle arrangement, distribution and other characteristics on or within the batch to be cooled, where maximum cooling effect is required.
  • the distance of at least some nozzles from the batch is adjustable, as is also advantageous if at least some nozzles are arranged in an orientation resulting in an impingement flow and / or a parallel flow of the cooling gas on the batch.
  • the maximum cooling speed of the batch depends on the heat transfer values achieved. It is known that the gas inflow of the batch has a decisive influence on the degree of heat transfer cooling q as / Charne, with higher heat transfer values being achieved with impingement flow than with parallel flow, in which the cooling gas flows parallel to the workpiece surface.
  • Other parameters for heat transfer include nozzle exit speed, nozzle diameter, nozzle distance from the batch, distance between the nozzles, average cooling gas temperatures and average batch temperatures.
  • the nozzles are advantageously arranged surrounding the batch on several sides in the cooling chamber, whereby particularly simple structural conditions result if the cooling device has a nozzle box arranged in the cooling chamber and loaded with cooling gas, in which at least one nozzle plate arranged opposite the batch is detachably inserted is.
  • the nozzle box can have guide devices into which the nozzle plate can be inserted.
  • the individual, interchangeable nozzle plates can not only have different nozzle arrangements (nozzle patterns) and nozzle diameters etc., but it can also have, for example, a nozzle plate projecting into or out of the interior of the cooling chamber so that the distance between the nozzles and to change the batch according to the respective circumstances.
  • the heat-treated batch will be surrounded by nozzles on several sides, for which purpose the nozzle box is expediently tunnel-shaped and is delimited on its inner wall by nozzle plates. At least one such nozzle plate can also be replaced by a gas-impermeable plate.
  • an effective impingement flow can be achieved with plate-shaped workpieces by inserting nozzle plates laterally and a blind plate above the batch, so that the stationary workpiece can be optimally cooled from all sides.
  • only parallel flow can be used as through-flow cooling, because cooling by means of impingement cooling is not possible due to the shape of the workpiece and the large number of workpieces.
  • a nozzle plate are above these fürströmkühlung and B lindbleche to the inserted on both sides of the batch.
  • the nozzle distance from the batch can then be optimized on each side by means of the nozzle plates already mentioned, with an area projecting into or out of the interior of the cooling chamber.
  • the nozzle box is delimited on at least three inner sides by nozzle plates, two of which are arranged opposite one another and the third nozzle plate is arranged between the two other nozzle plates.
  • a lifting or lowering device receiving the batch can also be provided, by means of which the batch can be brought at a predetermined distance from at least some of the nozzle orifices.
  • the nozzle box itself is expediently connected to the pressure side of at least one fan of a gas circulation device containing the heat exchanger. If the cooling chamber with the heating chamber is arranged in a common housing, the fan or the fans can be arranged on the housing radially at the front region of the cooling chamber.
  • the cooling device is in the new p- Industri arranged not oven in the heating chamber, but in a separate cooling chamber.
  • the cold batch environment in the cooling chamber not only exploits the convective heat transfer from the batch to the cooling gas, but also the heat dissipation by radiation, which helps in the upper temperature range in particular to increase the cooling effect.
  • the heating chamber, the heating elements and the Char g enherd after the heat treatment in the critical cooling zone does not have to be cooled down together with the batch, so that the cooling performance achieved at the charge not by the discharge of the stored heat of the heating chamber is diminished.
  • the cooling chamber separate from the heating chamber enables the described adaptability of the nozzle cooling device to the conditions of the respective batch, while on the other hand the heating chamber can be designed for optimum heating conditions regardless of the cooling of the batch required after the heat treatment.
  • the double-chamber vacuum furnace shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 has a double-walled, water-cooled housing 1, in the rear part of which a heating chamber 2 and in the front part of which a cooling chamber 3 are accommodated.
  • the essentially cylindrical housing 1 is closed on the front by a water-cooled double jacket door 4 which serves to load and unload the furnace, and which can be pivoted or pushed.
  • a double-walled swing door 5 On the rear side in the area behind the heating chamber 2, a double-walled swing door 5 is provided, which closes a housing opening available for assembly purposes.
  • To the overall - housing 1 a double-walled, water-cooled vessel 6 on which is flanged to the housing 1 and an oil bath is in the, whose level is indicated at 7 closes below the cooling chamber. 3
  • the housing 1 In the front part of the cooling chamber 3, the housing 1 carries three radially projecting flanges 8 distributed around its circumference in the manner shown in FIG. 2, onto which double-walled, water-cooled hoods 9 are placed, each of which covers a fan drive unit 10 .
  • the heating chamber 2 which is essentially rectangular in cross section, is constructed in a lightweight steel construction and is lined with a multi-layer insulation made of high-quality ceramic fiber material and the purest graphite felt. On both sides and above the batch indicated at 11 large-area graphite heating elements 12 are arranged. This all-round arrangement of the graphite heating elements 12 ensures rapid and uniform heating of the batch 11.
  • the current supply of the graphite heating elements 11 takes place via heating element connecting bolts 13 and one heating element connecting flange 14 in each case.
  • the batch 11 is located in the heating chamber 2 on a stove 15 which is designed to be raised and lowered for transport purposes.
  • the end wall of the heating chamber 2 adjoining the cooling chamber 3 is closed by a horizontally movable heating chamber door 16.
  • the heating chamber 2 is optimally designed for the lowest possible storage heat and for heat treatment according to a preselected temperature program. Compared to single-chamber furnaces, neither the cooling gas flow and cooling gas speed nor other parameters for heat dissipation from the batch need to be taken into account.
  • the cooling chamber 3 which is arranged approximately coaxially to the heating chamber 2, contains a cooling device 17 which has a nozzle box 18 which is tunnel-shaped with an essentially U-shaped cross section and a heat-treated batch 11a to be cooled in the manner shown in FIG. 3 above and covering on both sides.
  • the nozzle box 18 carries on the open inner sides pointing towards the batch 11a, paired side guide grooves 19, into the nozzle plates. 20, 20a or blind plates' 2 1 are optionally interchangeably inserted, as will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 18.
  • the nozzle box 18 is directly connected to three fan housings 22, each of which contains a high-performance fan wheel 23 which sits directly on the shaft end of the associated drive motor 10, the vacuum-tight current feedthroughs of which are indicated at 24.
  • the suction opening of each fan housing 22 is preceded laterally by two heat exchangers 25, which are supplied with cooling water via vacuum-tight feed and discharge ducts and to which gas guide plates 26 are assigned.
  • three fan housings 22 and three associated fan units 10, 23 are provided. Embodiments are also conceivable in which only two fan housings 22 or also a single fan housing 22 are or are present.
  • the oil bath contained in the container 6 can be circulated evenly and vigorously by a hydraulic oil circulator 27, the speed of rotation of the oil circulator 27 being adjustable as required.
  • An oil bath heater 28 is permitted it to bring the vacuum quenching oil to the desired temperature and to keep it at this temperature.
  • a lifting and lowering platform 29 is arranged, which allows a heat-treated batch 11a coming from the heating chamber 2 to be brought to a certain height in the cooling chamber 3 with respect to the nozzle box 18 - as will be explained in more detail below - or to immerse the batch 11a in the quenching oil contained in the container 6.
  • the container 6 with the oil bath contained therein is dispensed with.
  • the double-chamber vacuum oven can be charged manually or automatically, the batch 11 being automatically moved into the open heating chamber 2.
  • the heating chamber door 16 and the door 4 closing the loading opening are then closed, whereupon the vacuum furnace is evacuated.
  • the batch 11 is then heat-treated in the heating chamber 2 according to a preselected temperature program.
  • the vacuum furnace is filled with inert gas under a maximum pressure of 6 bar abs. fumigated again.
  • the fan drive motors 10 are switched on.
  • the heating elements 12 are switched off and the batch 11 is moved into the cooling chamber 3, where it takes the place of the batch 11a and is quenched with cooling gas.
  • the charge in the cooling chamber 3 can be moved up to the nozzle plate 20 of the nozzle box 18 located above as required.
  • the batch 11 is to be quenched in oil after the heat treatment in the heating chamber 2, it is lowered into the oil bath after it has left the heating chamber 2 by means of the lifting and lowering platform 29. If necessary, you can pre-cool briefly with inert gas before quenching the oil.
  • the double chamber vacuum furnace is controlled automatically; the complete heat treatment cycle can be selected.
  • the nozzle box 18 is designed so that only low gas speeds occur in it, which on the one hand cause only small flow losses and on the other hand create the same pressure conditions at the nozzles of the nozzle plates 20, 20a, which lead to the same nozzle outlet speeds, which are the prerequisites for uniform cooling of the batch 11a are.
  • a horizontal nozzle plate 20 is inserted into the nozzle box 18 above the charge 11a, while dummy plates 21 are attached to the side of the charge 11a.
  • the nozzle plate 20 has uniformly distributed nozzle openings 35 (FIG. 6) over its entire surface. ensure a uniform and simultaneous cooling of all workpieces 30.
  • the distance between the nozzle openings 35 and the batch 11a has been optimized by lifting using the lifting and lowering platform 29.
  • the overstroke is indicated at 32 in FIG. 5.
  • a nozzle plate 20a is inserted in the nozzle box 18 above the charge 11a, which has a region 40 projecting into the interior of the cooling chamber 3, in which the nozzle openings 35 are arranged.
  • the nozzle plate 20a thereby has a channel-like or box-like shape; the area containing the nozzle openings 35 is delimited on both sides by an unperforated area 41.
  • the nozzle pattern in this case is that of Fig. 18 Obviously determined by nozzle holes 35 of the same diameter arranged in a rectangular pattern with the same height and side distances.
  • dummy plates 21 are inserted in the nozzle box 18 in order to prevent opposing cooling gas flows colliding against one another in the vicinity of the workpiece because this would substantially reduce the cooling gas velocity directly on the workpiece 33.
  • the batch 11a consists of a heavy, compact tool, for example a cylindrical die, which in comparison to the batch base area given by the rectangular outline shape of the nozzle plate 20 (FIG. 10) has a small projecting inflow area having.
  • the most effective cooling results from a combination of impingement cooling of the upper flat surface on the one hand and a parallel flow on the cylindrical lateral surface or the bores of the workpiece 33 on the other hand, while two blind plates 21 are inserted in the nozzle box 18 on the side of the workpiece 33.
  • the nozzle pattern of the upper nozzle plate 20 is approximately diamond-shaped, again all the nozzle openings 35 having the same height and side distances 36.
  • the workpiece 33 is moved to the upper nozzle plate 20 by means of the lifting and lowering platform 29 in the cooling chamber 3, as is indicated at 32.
  • the batch 11a can be brought to the nozzle plate 20 through the lifting and lowering platform 29, as is indicated at 32 in FIG. 11; however, it is also conceivable to quench the charge 11a at a greater distance from the upper nozzle plate 20, which is illustrated in broken lines.
  • FIGS. 13, 14 A typical example of a batch 11a quenched by intensive impingement cooling is illustrated in FIGS. 13, 14.
  • a batch 11a consisting of two plate-shaped workpieces 33, for example in the form of a die-casting mold, a blind plate 21 is arranged in the nozzle box 18, while two nozzle plates 20a are provided to the side of the upright standing plate-shaped workpieces 33, which are shown in FIG. 13 Have a region 40 projecting into the cooling chamber 3, in which the nozzle openings 35 are arranged.
  • the plate-shaped workpieces 33 are vertical to avoid distortion in the upper temperature range during the dwell time in the heating chamber 2 in the vacuum oven.
  • the nozzle openings 35 of the box-like nozzle plates 20a are brought close to the batch side surface, the nozzle openings 35 being arranged uniformly distributed over the entire batch side surface with the same height and side spacings 36 according to the nozzle image shown in FIG '' To ensure workpieces 33.
  • a single plate-shaped workpiece 33 for example in the form of a compression mold, is quenched in the cooling chamber 3, which - similar to FIG. 13 - with an overhead blind plate 21 and two lateral box or trough-like nozzle plates 20a is equipped.
  • FIGS. 17, 18 relate to the quenching of a batch 11a which consists of workpieces for which critical cooling speeds which are not too high are required and which, given their small wall thickness, can be cooled with parallel flow.
  • a nozzle plate 20 is arranged in the nozzle box 18 above the batch 11a consisting of three workpieces 33, while dummy plates 21 are inserted on the side of the batch 11a.
  • the nozzle openings 35 - as can be seen from FIG. 17 - are again combined according to the three workpieces 33 into three adjacent, rectangularly delimited groups, between which gas-impermeable areas 41 are arranged.
  • the charge 11a is brought to the upper nozzle plate 20 through the lifting and lowering platform 29, as indicated at 32.
  • nozzle openings 35 of the same diameter are provided in the nozzle plates 20, 20a in different nozzle patterns.
  • the nozzle plates 20a can have an outwardly projecting area instead of a part 40 projecting into the cooling chamber 3, while for special cases the arrangement can also be such that a nozzle plate is present in the area of the batch base in order to to allow an inflow of charge 11a from below.
  • the drive motors 10 of the fans can be designed to be controllable in order to be able to select the cooling gas speed in the cooling chamber 3 in accordance with the requirements.
  • the maximum cooling gas pressure is usually 2 bar abs. If necessary, it can also be higher.
  • cooling intensities are achieved in the cooling chamber, which correspond to those of conventional and commercially available vacuum furnaces with high-pressure gas quenching.
  • Conventional vacuum furnaces (predominantly single-chamber furnaces) must, for example, with 5 bar abs. Cooling gas pressure work in order to achieve a cooling effect comparable to that of the new industrial furnace in the cooling chamber 3 even at a cooling gas pressure of 2 bar abs. is obtained.
  • the decisive advantage of the low cooling gas pressures that can be achieved in this way is a substantial saving of cooling gas (in particular nitrogen) during a heat treatment cycle, which means a correspondingly high cost saving.
  • low cooling gas pressures allow the production of cost-g s system enclosures that are subject to any regulatory approval.
EP84113445A 1984-02-15 1984-11-07 Four industriel, notamment four à vide à chambres multiples, pour le traitement thermique de charges de pièces métalliques Expired EP0151700B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113445T ATE35428T1 (de) 1984-02-15 1984-11-07 Industrieofen, insbesondere mehrkammer-vakuumofen zur waermebehandlung von chargen metallischer werkstuecke.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3405244 1984-02-15
DE3405244A DE3405244C1 (de) 1984-02-15 1984-02-15 Industrieofen,insbesondere Mehrkammer-Vakuumofen zur Waermebehandlung von Chargen metallischer Werkstuecke

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0151700A2 true EP0151700A2 (fr) 1985-08-21
EP0151700A3 EP0151700A3 (en) 1985-12-27
EP0151700B1 EP0151700B1 (fr) 1988-06-29

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EP84113445A Expired EP0151700B1 (fr) 1984-02-15 1984-11-07 Four industriel, notamment four à vide à chambres multiples, pour le traitement thermique de charges de pièces métalliques

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4653732A (fr)
EP (1) EP0151700B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60184625A (fr)
AT (1) ATE35428T1 (fr)
CS (1) CS264117B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD231375A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3405244C1 (fr)
HU (1) HU202598B (fr)
PL (1) PL140026B1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1386047A3 (fr)
YU (1) YU43395B (fr)

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DE4208485C1 (fr) * 1992-03-17 1993-02-11 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7250 Leonberg De Wuenning
CN104913630A (zh) * 2014-02-19 2015-09-16 南京三超新材料股份有限公司 保护气氛速冷烧结炉

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4208485C1 (fr) * 1992-03-17 1993-02-11 Joachim Dr.-Ing. 7250 Leonberg De Wuenning
CN104913630A (zh) * 2014-02-19 2015-09-16 南京三超新材料股份有限公司 保护气氛速冷烧结炉

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ATE35428T1 (de) 1988-07-15
SU1386047A3 (ru) 1988-03-30
PL250866A1 (en) 1985-08-27
US4653732A (en) 1987-03-31
EP0151700A3 (en) 1985-12-27
CS264117B2 (en) 1989-06-13
HU202598B (en) 1991-03-28
CS105585A2 (en) 1988-09-16
DD231375A5 (de) 1985-12-24
HUT43651A (en) 1987-11-30
JPH0549724B2 (fr) 1993-07-27
DE3405244C1 (de) 1985-04-11
PL140026B1 (en) 1987-03-31
YU43395B (en) 1989-06-30
EP0151700B1 (fr) 1988-06-29
YU224884A (en) 1987-06-30
JPS60184625A (ja) 1985-09-20

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