EP0150486A2 - Interrupteur de circuit électrique - Google Patents

Interrupteur de circuit électrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0150486A2
EP0150486A2 EP84116213A EP84116213A EP0150486A2 EP 0150486 A2 EP0150486 A2 EP 0150486A2 EP 84116213 A EP84116213 A EP 84116213A EP 84116213 A EP84116213 A EP 84116213A EP 0150486 A2 EP0150486 A2 EP 0150486A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
electrode
switching element
element according
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84116213A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0150486B1 (fr
EP0150486A3 (en
Inventor
Bruno Ing. Grad. Gengenbach
Carl-Ludwig Dipl. Phys. Meyer
Roland Dr. Dipl. Ing. Michal
Ferenc Dipl. Ing. Reményi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Doduco Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843402371 external-priority patent/DE3402371A1/de
Application filed by Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter filed Critical Doduco GmbH and Co KG Dr Eugen Duerrwaechter
Publication of EP0150486A2 publication Critical patent/EP0150486A2/fr
Publication of EP0150486A3 publication Critical patent/EP0150486A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0150486B1 publication Critical patent/EP0150486B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
    • H01H15/02—Details
    • H01H15/06—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H15/10—Operating parts
    • H01H15/102—Operating parts comprising cam devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/76—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor
    • H01H33/765—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid wherein arc-extinguishing gas is evolved from stationary parts; Selection of material therefor the gas-evolving material being incorporated in the contact material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching element with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • switch disconnectors When setting up low-voltage switchgear, predominantly in power distributors, switchgear and controls, operational switching on and off of nominal currents and overload currents, e.g. of transformers, motors, capacitors, etc., switch disconnectors are used, which are either installed in open scaffolding or encapsulated in housings.
  • Known low-voltage switch disconnectors usually use double separating knives which are guided in parallel as a switching bridge between fixed electrical connecting pieces and which are pivotably articulated on one of the electrical connecting pieces.
  • the known constructions are relatively extensive and consist of numerous individual parts.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a switching element which can be used in particular for use as a load switch in the low-voltage range and which is characterized by a small space requirement and a small number of individual parts.
  • the electrical connecting pieces are two rod-shaped electrodes which lie opposite one another coaxially and are connected to one another by an insulator arranged coaxially therebetween.
  • the two electrodes and the insulator together form a compact structural unit which can be used as a supporting element of the switching element.
  • the insulator is bridged by at least one electrically conductive switching bridge, the two contact pieces of which are pressed against the two electrodes by the force of springs.
  • the springs can find their abutment on the slide, which is provided for actuating the switching bridge; However, if several switching bars are arranged around the electrodes, then the switching bars can be enclosed together by spring washers, through which the switching bars are pressed radially against the electrodes.
  • the respective switching web is not articulated to one of the electrodes, but is arranged loosely in the space between the electrodes and the slide, the necessary holding and guiding of the switching web being effected by the spatial interaction of the electrodes odem slider and the springs arranged therein, for which purpose the slider expediently has guide parts between which the loosely inserted switching web is guided on both sides and is oriented parallel to the longitudinal direction of the electrodes (claim 10).
  • guide parts do not have to be arranged on both sides of the full length of the switching web, but rather it suffices if the guidance takes place over part of the length of the switching web, preferably at the two ends of each switching web.
  • the at least one switching web is actuated by axially displacing the slide, which acts with drivers on the two ends of each switching web.
  • the shift in the axial direction of the electrodes causes the respective switching web to slide along the electrodes, with one end of the switching web moving away from the insulator and the other end of the switching web moving towards the insulator until it detaches from the first electrode in the vicinity of the insulator and thereby interrupts the previously closed current path.
  • a separation distance is established between the switching poles, which makes the switching element suitable for use in disconnectors.
  • the separation distance between the switching poles is determined on the one hand by the length of the insulator and the displacement of the slide, on the other hand by a cam which is arranged under the switching bridge on the insulator and has an inclined surface which faces the one end of the switching bridge which carries out the contact separation is. On this inclined surface, the switching web runs close to its end which carries out the contact separation, as a result of which the switching web is lifted off the first electrode at this end, as a result of which contact separation is more rapid and more economical than if the switching web were to be carried out in the same way without a lifting movement thick as the electrodes running insulator would slide on.
  • the cam itself must not form an electrically conductive bridge between the two electrodes.
  • the respective switching bridge bridges not only the insulator, but also the cam and is therefore, for example, correspondingly curved in its central part, so that the cam can be accommodated under the switching bridge, or passed through a longitudinal cut in the cam.
  • the switching element according to the invention therefore only consists of the following few parts: two electrodes, an insulator inserted between them, a cam, which in the simplest case can be a piece of the insulator, and at least one switching bridge with the associated contact pieces and springs. This results in a small footprint and a simple drive for the switching element.
  • the construction according to the invention allows the manufacturing costs to be drastically reduced compared to known switch disconnectors.
  • the slide can be moved back and forth between two switch positions.
  • the respective switching web rests with its two contact pieces on the outer surface of the two electrodes, so that the current path between the two electrodes is closed.
  • at least one contact piece of the respective switching bridge is open push the switching bridge on the inclined surface of the cam separated from its associated electrode and thereby interrupted the current path.
  • the second contact piece of the switching bridge can basically remain on the other electrode.
  • the second electrode can be formed at a distance from its end with a reduced diameter and the arrangement made such that the switching web rests with its second contact piece of the second electrode in its thicker end section when the switching element is closed, while the switching web is opened with the switching element its second contact piece is displaced into the adjacent thinner area of the second electrode, but is prevented by a projection on the slide holding it back from making contact with this thinner area of the second electrode.
  • a further possibility of increasing the dielectric strength of the switching element is characterized in that the other electrode (also referred to here as “second electrode”) has an electrically insulating surface area on which the switching bridge is located at a distance from the insulator inserted between the two electrodes rests with its contact piece making contact on this second electrode in the second switching position, namely the distance between the insulator and the insulating surface area of the second electrode is chosen so large that the switching web during the displacement movement of the slide to open the switching element with the insulating one Surface area makes contact only after the switching bridge has lifted from the first electrode (claim 2).
  • each switching bridge in the second switching position (switch "open") is electrically insulated from both electrodes, the lifting bridge being dispensed with from the second electrode, since it is ensured that the switching on and off process on the first electrode takes place while the second electrode is always switched only without load.
  • the higher dielectric strength which is achieved by the fact that the contact separation from the second electrode takes place later than from the first electrode, is desirable in many cases, since in the area of the first electrode, soot may occur in the area of the arc, which can cause undesirable leakage currents allows, whereas due to the lack of Such a soot does not occur in the area of the second electrode or arises only to a lesser extent.
  • sections of the first electrode consist of different, electrically conductive materials or are coated with them, specifically in a first section adjoining the insulator made of a material which is exposed to the action of an electrical switching arc behaves favorably, and in a second section adjoining the first section, on which the switching web rests in the first switching position, made of a material which behaves favorably under constant current load, in particular offers security against welding (claim 3).
  • a first section adjoining the insulator made of a material which is exposed to the action of an electrical switching arc behaves favorably
  • a second section adjoining the first section, on which the switching web rests in the first switching position made of a material which behaves favorably under constant current load, in particular offers security against welding (claim 3).
  • materials such as Cu / W or Ag / W are advantageously selected (claim 5); Ag / WC and Ag / Ni are also suitable: materials such as Ag / C, Ag / CdO, Ag / Sn0 2 1 Ag / SnO 2 / In 2 O 3 , Ag / Sn0 2 / are advantageously chosen for the second electrode section. W0 3 (claim 4).
  • the switching element is preferably switched on not on the first but on the second electrode section; this is advantageously achieved in that the length of the displacement path of the slide, the length of the first, adjoins the insulator the section of the first electrode and the length of the section of the switching web spanning the cam are matched to one another such that the contact piece intended for lifting off the first electrode and fastened to one end of the switching web is in the first switching position (FIG. 4; switch “on” ) rests on the second section of the first electrode, has lifted off the first electrode in the second switching position (FIG. 6; switch "off"), and rests on the first section of the first electrode in an intermediate position (claim 7).
  • the first electrode section is loaded only during the switch-off process, whereas the second electrode section is loaded during the switch-on process and by continuous current.
  • the slide As a switching and quenching chamber and in view of the fact that the electrodes themselves are expediently used for guiding the slide, it is advisable to design the slide so that it encloses the electrodes (claim 13).
  • the chamber walls can be made from a material which releases arcing gases under the influence of an arc (claim 14), as is known, for example, from so-called hard gas switches.
  • the latter is preferably perforated (claim 15).
  • the actuation of the switching element by displacing the slide in the axial direction of the electrodes also makes it possible, through slots which are provided at that end of the slide, in particular of the slide designed as a chamber, which is adjacent to the lifting end of the switching web, one or more extinguishing plates in the axial direction To introduce the direction between the one electrode and the end of the switching bridge which is lifted from it and thereby to produce an arc delete (claim 16).
  • a further advantageous possibility of contributing to the arc extinguishing is that the driver of the slide, which acts on the lifting end of the switching bridge, is allowed to strike the insulating cam in the second (open) switching position; in this way the arc drawn between the raised end of the switching bridge and the electrode is constricted between the cam and the driver of the slide striking it.
  • the slide is designed as a switching chamber, because then the arc is prevented from flashing again over the slide onto the electrode from which the respective switching contact has lifted.
  • the two switching positions of the switching element are expediently defined in that the slider strikes directly or indirectly on the cam which is arranged between the electrodes.
  • this is expediently - as mentioned - such that the slide strikes the cam with its driver, which takes the lifting end of the switching web with it.
  • this is expediently solved by letting the switching web strike at the opposite end of the cam; this also limits the displacement of the slide, because it in turn strikes the switching bridge.
  • the cam is preferably provided with a second inclined surface, which does not face the end of the switching web which the first inclined surface also faces, but which faces the opposite end of the switching web ( Claim 17).
  • This second inclined surface together with the first inclined surface, forms a gable roof-shaped structure in longitudinal section, the tip of which is arranged in such a way that the switching web in the open switching position has moved over the tip with a projection on its underside and now lies on the second inclined surface.
  • the slopes of the two inclined surfaces and the degree of curvature in the transition area between the two inclined surfaces are determined by the switch and actuating forces which can be predetermined.
  • the above-mentioned projection on the underside of the switching web is preferably the part with which the switching web also slides on the first inclined surface of the cam, so that that end of the switching web which lifts off one electrode remains completely in the air after lifting off.
  • a flat trough could also be provided at the tip of the cam, into which the switching web engages in the open switching position with a projection provided on its underside.
  • the switching element according to the invention is also suitable for multi-pole versions and then contains a plurality of switching webs which are arranged next to one another in parallel axes and which are displaced by one and the same slide (claim 18).
  • the switching webs could in principle be arranged next to one another in one plane and two flat electrodes of corresponding width would lie on them; however, the plurality of switching webs are preferably arranged in a ring around the electrodes (claim 19), in particular in an arrangement which is symmetrical with respect to the axis of the electrodes.
  • the slide is expediently designed as a sleeve which concentrically surrounds the electrodes and comprises all switching webs (claim 20).
  • This sleeve can be open at its ends or closed to form a switching chamber or can be mostly closed, which leads to the advantages already mentioned above.
  • radially acting spring washers for pressing the switching webs against the electrodes, expediently two spring rings, one of which has the switching webs with their one ends and the other the switching webs presses against the electrodes with their other ends.
  • no metallic spring washers should be used, but those made of elastomeric material, the restoring force of which increases only moderately when the switching webs are lifted off the electrode surface.
  • the switching webs expediently have radially projecting projections which plunge into the coil springs and prevent them from slipping on the switching webs.
  • Another way of generating the necessary contact closing force is to provide a leaf spring for each switching web, which acts in the radial direction on the lifting end of the switching web (claim 21). If a ring of switching bars is provided, a ring of leaf springs is also provided accordingly.
  • the one or more leaf spring (s) are preferably arranged immovably by fixing them with one end on the electrode, against which the other end the respective switching bridge presses; this other end of the leaf spring is expediently bent in such a way that it points obliquely away from the electrode (claim 22 in the case of a ring of leaf springs gives it a tulip-like shape) and the leaf spring (s) are left in such a position in front of the cam end that they release the respective switching web during the opening movement of the switching element before it lifts off the electrode by sliding on the cam; In this way, the lifting of the switching bridge is not hindered by the leaf spring, but an adequate contact closing force is nevertheless ensured.
  • the slide can be used to guide and support the leaf spring (s), the shape of the leaf spring (s) can also be matched to the slide so that when the switching element opens, the slide lifts the leaf spring (s) and thereby the relieved of the respective switching bridge.
  • the cams are expediently designed as a ring which surrounds the insulator or is part of the insulator (claim 23).
  • the arrangement of several switching bars in the switching element according to the invention not only enables the currents to be switched to be divided into a plurality of parallel current paths, but also makes it possible to separate several current paths running in parallel or in one current path to carry out a multiple separation.
  • the electrodes are subdivided into axially running segments that are insulated from one another and that provide surface areas lying next to one another for the switching bars (claim 25). If you divide the two electrodes in the same way and orientate them so that the segments are in pairs with each other, and if you arrange at least one switching bridge on each such pair of segments that are in alignment with one another, then you have a multi-phase switch, for example, a three-phase switch when divided into three segments .
  • This effect can be intensified if a ferromagnetic ring, in particular made of soft iron, is arranged under the ring of switching webs and a ferromagnetic part with a U-shaped cross section is arranged opposite each switching web, the two legs of which lie on both sides of the respective switching web against the ring are (claim 26).
  • the magnetic strengthening of the contact closing force caused thereby reduces the bouncing tendency of the contacts when closing and is suitable for preventing electromagnetic lifting of the contacts in the event of short-circuit currents.
  • the switching element according to the invention enables the arrangement of preliminary and main contacts in a simple manner, which is advantageous for its use in switch disconnectors.
  • This is based on an arrangement with a plurality of switching webs arranged next to one another and coordinating this in shape and arrangement with the drivers on the slide and on the cam in such a way that when the slide is moved to open the switching element, at least one of the switching webs later lifts off from one electrode than the others (claim 27); closes when the switching element closes this switching bridge in front of the other switching bridges.
  • the lifting contact piece attached to this switching bridge can be used as a pre-contact and made from a correspondingly erosion-resistant material.
  • the lagging of a switching web when opening the switch can be achieved, for example, by arranging the area of the switching web that is to slide up onto the inclined surface of the cam at a somewhat greater distance in front of the inclined surface of the cam than with the other switching webs, so that it opens of the switch reaches the inclined surface of the cam later than the other switching bars.
  • the ability of the switching elements according to the invention for arc quenching can be further improved by producing the first electrode, from which the switching bridge with its one contact piece lifts when the switching element is opened, in its section adjacent to the insulator from a composite material or by coating it with such a composite material which, in addition to a metal with good electrical conductivity, also contains one or more substances which, under the action of an arc, release gases which promote arc extinguishing.
  • the claimed use of such a composite material with electrical conductivity and with arc-extinguishing properties in the switching element according to the invention has the advantage that the arc that is drawn between the first electrode and the first electrode when it is lifted off burns directly on a material with arc-extinguishing properties and is extinguished does not - as usual - have to be driven into a separate extinguishing device.
  • this measure therefore considerably simplifies the switching element and subsequently a very compact construction of the switching element.
  • An electrode equipped with an arc-extinguishing material can in principle be used in all the configurations and developments of the switching element described and claimed above.
  • the arc-extinguishing effect of the composite material used can be supplemented by forming the slide or parts of the slide from materials, which split off further arc-extinguishing gases under the influence of the arc. If the current load is not too high, the switching element can be switched on directly by contacting the composite material with the arc-extinguishing substances.
  • the length of the sliding path of the slide, the length of the section made of or with the composite material and the length of the cam are selected for the switching element according to the invention spanning section of the switching bridge preferably in such a way that the contact piece intended for lifting off the first electrode and fastened to one end of the switching bridge in the first switching position (switch "on") rests on the second section of the first electrode containing no arc-extinguishing substances, in the second switch position (switch "off”) has lifted from the first electrode and in an intermediate position rests on the section made of or with the composite material (claim 7).
  • the composite material is not loaded with continuous current, but only during the switching operations.
  • the cam that lifts the switching web is preferred not fixed, but arranged axially displaceably on the insulator between two fixed stops (claim 8).
  • the length and the displacement path of the cam and the length of the electrode section, which consists of the composite material or is coated with the composite material, are advantageously coordinated with one another in such a way that the cam in the switch position "on" is the first section of the first Electrode, which contains the composite material, covers (claim 9).
  • the composite material is desirably prevented from emitting arc-quenching gases when the switching element is closed. If, in such a further developed switching element, the slide is moved for the purpose of opening the switching element, then each switching web carried by the slide runs against the one inclined surface of the cam and moves the cam until it has reached the opposite stop limiting its displacement path; during this displacement movement of the cam, that contact piece on the switching bridge which is to lift off the first electrode can slide onto the section with the composite material which is caused by the displacement of the Cam was exposed.
  • the switching element with cylindrical electrodes and a slide enclosing the electrodes with guide parts for lateral guidance of the switching web (s)
  • the slide rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the electrodes.
  • the switching webs With the slide, the switching webs then also rotate accordingly around the longitudinal axis of the electrodes. This can be used to advantage in order to achieve the most uniform possible erosion of the composite material with the arc-quenching substances.
  • Composites of this type are namely less resistant to erosion than pure metals and it is therefore desirable not to have the switching arcs at the same point in the section at all times to let the arc-extinguishing composite material burn, but to gradually move the base points of the arcs to other locations, which is achieved with a rotating slide.
  • the slider is preferably coupled to gear elements in such a way that the slider is rotated by a predetermined angle at the same time as the slider is moved axially. Gear elements with which such coupled movements can be carried out are state of the art.
  • the switching element shown in Fig. 1 to 3 is particularly suitable for use as a load break switch in low-voltage switching devices. It consists of two cylindrical electrodes 1 and 2 of the same diameter, which are rigidly connected to one another by a cylindrical insulator 3 of somewhat smaller diameter. Arranged on the insulator is a ring 4, which has at its periphery two annular inclined surfaces 4a and 4b, one of which faces the first electrode 1 and the other inclined surface 4b of the second electrode 2. In the area of its greatest extent, the ring 4, which is also made of insulating material, has a diameter that is approximately twice as large as the diameter of the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the arrangement of the electrodes 1 and 2, the insulator 3 and the ring 4 is surrounded by a ring of four switching bars 5, which are identical to one another, are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference of the electrodes 1 and 2 and each carry a contact piece 6a or 6b near their two ends 5a and 5b. When the switch is closed, the contact pieces 6a and 6b rest against the outer surface of both electrodes 1 and 2 (FIG. 1).
  • the switching webs 5 have a bulge 5c in their central area, under which the ring 4 is arranged.
  • the system of the switching bars 5 to the Electrodes 1 and 2 are ensured by two hose rings 7 and 8 made of elastomeric material, which enclose the ring of switching webs 5 at two different locations, namely in the vicinity of the contact pieces 6a and 6b, and act on the switching webs 5 with radial force.
  • One hose ring 7 is located on axially parallel sections of the switching webs 5 and does not require any further support there, the other hose ring 8, on the other hand, is located on sections of the switching webs 5 which run obliquely to the axial direction and lie above the inclined surface 4a of the ring 4 and is therefore open by projections 9 supports their top, which prevent the ring 8 from sliding down over the inclined portions of the switching webs 5.
  • a sleeve 10 is arranged axially displaceably on the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • This sleeve 10 encloses the ring of the four switching webs 5 and has distributed around the circumference, in a 90 ° position to each other according to the arrangement of the switching webs 5, axially parallel walls 11 and 12, which are arranged in pairs at a distance from each other and the individual switching webs 5th at their two ends 5a and 5b with little lateral play between them and thereby lead during the switching movement and also otherwise in Keep the longitudinal direction of electrodes 1 and 2 oriented.
  • the transverse end surfaces of the walls 11 and 12 also serve as drivers for the hose ring 8 during the opening movement or for the hose ring 7 during the closing movement of the switching element.
  • the jacket of the sleeve 10 is expediently constructed to be rotationally symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis of the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the driver for the one end 5a of the switching webs is formed by a wall 13; the driver for the opposite end 5b of the switching webs is formed by the opposite end wall 14 of the sleeve.
  • the sleeve 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow 15.
  • the drivers 13 of the sleeve 10 act on the ends 5a of the switching webs and take them with them.
  • the ring 4 therefore has the task of a lifting cam for the four switching webs 5.
  • the switching webs 5 are locked in the "open" position as a result of the point 4c of the ring 4 with the largest diameter being exceeded, and at the same time the end section of the first electrode 1 is covered by the striking of the driver 13 on the ring 4 and thus an arc which could burn between the contact piece 6a at the end 5a of each web and the first electrode 1 is cut off and forced to extinguish; The arc cannot jump onto another area of the first electrode 1 because the sleeve 10 is designed as a closed switching chamber.
  • the sleeve 10 is preferably equipped in the area in which the lifting contact pieces 6a are arranged with walls made of a material which is capable of splitting off arc-extinguishing gases under the action of an arc.
  • Figure 3 shows that a mounting flange with holes 22 is formed on the slide 10, with which the switching element can be attached to a mounting plate.
  • the cross section through the switching element along line III-III is - with the exception of the position of an axial mounting hole 25 in the first electrode 1 - the same for the first and second exemplary embodiments, so that FIG. 3 is valid for both.
  • the second exemplary embodiment differs from the first in that the ring 4 is arranged on the insulator 3 so as to be displaceable in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the ring 4 is provided with a central bore which is in a section 21 with a larger diameter corresponding to the diameter of the first section 18 of the first electrode 1 adjacent to the insulator 3 and in a second section with a smaller diameter with the diameter Isolators 3 divided diameter divided.
  • the difference in the length of the insulator 3 and the smaller length of the narrower section of the bore of the ring 4 is its maximum displacement.
  • the length of the section 21 of the bore of the ring 4 corresponds to the length of the first section 18 of the first electrode 1, in which there is a material which is favorable under the action of an arc, such as Ag / W or Cu / W, or a composite material which releases extinguishing gases under the action of an arc , is located.
  • a material which is favorable under the action of an arc such as Ag / W or Cu / W, or a composite material which releases extinguishing gases under the action of an arc
  • the sleeve 10 is displaced in the direction of the arrow 15.
  • the drivers 13 of the sleeve act on the ends 5a of the switching webs and take them with them.
  • the ring 4 exposes the section 18 of the first electrode 1, which connects to the insulator 3 and consists of an electrical contact material which is favorable under the action of an arc or of a composite material which releases quenching gases under the action of an arc.
  • the switching webs 5 are locked in the "open" position as a result of the point 4c of the ring 4 with the largest diameter being exceeded, and at the same time the end section 18 of the first electrode 1 is locked by the driver 13 striking the ring 4 covered and thus an arc, which could burn between the contact piece 6a at the end 5a of each web and the first electrode 1, pinched off and forced to extinguish;
  • the arc cannot jump onto another area of the first electrode 1 because the sleeve 10 is designed as a closed switching chamber.
  • the first electrode 1 contains in its section 18 a material which releases arcing gases under the influence of an arc, then an arc drawn when the contact pieces 6a are lifted off will be extinguished very quickly, because unlike known switch disconnectors, the arc does not first have to be driven into an extinguishing device, rather, the quenching device, which here is the electrode section 18, is guided by the displacement movement to the contact pieces 6a and is already at the location of the arc base points when the contact Take off pieces 6a. The arc can therefore be extinguished more quickly than with known switches, provided that the switching element is opened sufficiently quickly, for example by means of a spring mechanism.
  • Suitable materials are the composite materials Ag / CdO, Ag / Sn0 2 , Ag / SnO 2 / In 2 O 3 , Ag / SnO 2 / WO 3 and A g / C and the like.
  • the displacement movement ends when the switching webs 5 on the second inclined surface 4b of the Cast on ring 4.
  • the second exemplary embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that an electrically insulating sleeve 24, which has the same outer diameter as the second electrode 2 over its remaining length, is fastened on the second electrode 2 at a certain distance from the insulator 3.
  • the contact pieces 6b are pushed onto this sleeve 24 during the opening of the switching element after the opposite contact pieces 6a have lifted off the first electrode 1.
  • the insulating sleeve 24 increases the dielectric strength of the opened switching element.
  • Such an insulating sleeve 24 can be arranged in the same way in the first exemplary embodiment of the switching element (FIGS. 1 and 2) on the second electrode 2 there.
  • the third switching element shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 like the second switching element, consists of two cylindrical electrodes 1 and 2, which have a matching diameter over a certain length at their two adjacent ends and which are rigidly connected to one another by a cylindrical insulator 3, which on part of its length between the both electrodes 1 and 2 have a slightly smaller diameter than this.
  • a cylindrical insulator 3 Arranged on the insulator 3 is an axially displaceable ring 4, which carries four cam pairs 4 'distributed around its circumference, the cams 4' combined into a pair running parallel to one another and one of four switching webs 5 ', 5 "between them
  • the cams 4 ' have the same design and are each delimited by an inclined surface 4a facing the first electrode 1 and an inclined surface 4b facing the second electrode 2.
  • the ring 4 consists entirely of insulating material and is displaceable over a predetermined length in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the electrodes.
  • its central bore is divided into two outer sections 21, the diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the adjacent electrodes 1 and 2, and a central section having a smaller diameter, which corresponds to the smaller diameter of the insulator 3.
  • the displacement path of the ring 4 is limited on the one hand by the end of the first electrode 1 and on the other hand by the opposite collar surface 19 of the insulator 3.
  • the first electrode 1 has a first section 18 made of a composite material which, under the action of an arc, releases gases which have an arc-extinguishing effect. With the switching element closed (FIG. 7), this is from cut 18 completely covered by ring 4,
  • the switching element is surrounded by four switching bars 5 'and 5 ", which are distributed at equal intervals around the circumference of the electrodes 1 and 2 and when the switch of the first electrode 1 is closed with contact pieces 6'a and 6" a and the second electrode 2 with contact pieces 6'b and 6 "b rest.
  • the necessary contact force with which the switching webs 5 'and 5" rest on the electrodes 1 and 2 is generated by a radially extending, approximately centrally arranged helical spring 8, which is supported with one end on a sleeve 10 and with its opposite end on the respective switching bridge 5 ', 5 ", which has a projection 9 for positioning the spring 8.
  • the sleeve 10 is displaceably arranged on the electrodes 1 and 2, encloses the ring of the four switching webs 5 ', 5''and is distributed around the circumference, namely in a 90 ° position relative to one another in accordance with the arrangement of the switching webs, axially parallel walls 11, which are arranged in pairs at a distance from each other and take up the individual switching webs 5 ', 5 "with little lateral play between them and thereby during the Lead switching movement and keep oriented in the longitudinal direction of electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the driver for the one end 5'a, 5" a of the switching webs is formed by an inside of the sleeve 10, which is located near the end of the sleeve radially and axially extending wall 13; the driver for the opposite end 5'b or 5 “b of the switching webs is formed by the opposite end wall 14 of the sleeve 10.
  • All switching webs 5 ', 5''each have on their underside a pin 16 1 or 16 "running transversely to the axial direction, wherein when the switching element 7 is closed, the pin 16 fastened to the switching web 5''with the main contacts 6" a and 6 "b "is close to the inclined surface 4a of the cam 4 cooperating with it, while the on the switching bridge 5 'with the pre-contacts 6'a and 6'b pin 16' has a slightly larger distance from the corresponding inclined surface 4a of the cooperating cam 4 '.
  • the pin 16 '' attached to the switching bridge with the main contact first hits the inclined surface 4a of the associated cam 4 ', but does not initially slide on it, but instead moves it and with it the ring 4 until it strikes the collar surface 19 of the insulator 3 serving as a stop.
  • the ring 4 exposes the section 18 of the first electrode, which consists of the composite material which releases the extinguishing gases. Only now does the pin 16 ′′ slide along the inclined surface 4a of the associated cam 4 ′ and lifts the main contact 6 ′′ a from the first electrode 1.
  • the contact pieces 6'b and 6 "b acting on the second electrode 2 lose when the switching element is opened also the contact to its second electrode, because it is thinner in its rear section 25 than in its front section, which is adjacent to the insulator 3.
  • the contact pieces 6'b and 6 "b are moved into the area of this section 25, but are prevented from making contact with the electrode 2 in this area 25, since the switching webs 5 'and 5''have ends 5'b and 5 "b strike a projection 26 of the sleeve 10.
  • the fact that the contact pieces 6'b and 6''b are also separated from their electrode 2 gives a switching element with improved dielectric strength;
  • the electrode 2 is provided with an insulating coating 24 in its thinner section 25.
  • materials with low erosion are expediently chosen, whereas materials for the main contacts are selected which are particularly suitable for the continuous current flow, show low contact resistance and low heating.
  • the third example shown contains two switching bars with pre-contacts and two switching bars with main contacts. It is readily possible to modify the switching element in such a way that it contains more switching bars with pre-contacts than with main contacts; a switching element with particularly good switch-on capacity is then obtained. Conversely, if you provide more switching bars with main contacts than with pre-contacts in the switching element, then you get a switching element with less good switch-on capacity, but improved suitability for continuous current carrying.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP84116213A 1984-01-25 1984-12-22 Interrupteur de circuit électrique Expired EP0150486B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3402371 1984-01-25
DE19843402371 DE3402371A1 (de) 1984-01-25 1984-01-25 Elektrisches schaltelement
DE19843402372 DE3402372A1 (de) 1984-01-25 1984-01-25 Elektrisches schaltelement
DE3402372 1984-01-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0150486A2 true EP0150486A2 (fr) 1985-08-07
EP0150486A3 EP0150486A3 (en) 1986-04-30
EP0150486B1 EP0150486B1 (fr) 1988-05-11

Family

ID=25817854

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84116213A Expired EP0150486B1 (fr) 1984-01-25 1984-12-22 Interrupteur de circuit électrique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4594489A (fr)
EP (1) EP0150486B1 (fr)
DE (3) DE3402372A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU189962B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0391049A1 (fr) * 1989-04-04 1990-10-10 Kautt & Bux Schalter Produktionsgesellschaft mbH Interrupteur, en particulier interrupteur d'appareil
WO1997033292A1 (fr) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-12 Carrier Kheops Bac Commutateur de cable electrique
EP0971383A2 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-12 Abb Research Ltd. Agencement de contact d'un commutateur de courant

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3736835A1 (de) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Hochspannungsschalter
DE19726402B4 (de) * 1997-06-21 2009-03-05 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
DE19922330C1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2000-12-21 Daimler Chrysler Ag Schalter für Fahrzeuge
DE19922331C1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Sicherheitseinrichtung für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE19922332C1 (de) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Sicherheitseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge
US6242707B1 (en) * 1999-08-31 2001-06-05 General Electric Company Arc quenching current limiting device including ablative material
US6737598B1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2004-05-18 Tyco Electronics Canada, Ltd. Electrical switch with limited contact arcing
DE102004012156B3 (de) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-15 S-Y Systems Technologies Europe Gmbh Schalter, insbesondere Sicherheitschalter für eine Batterie-Bordnetzverbindung
US8902037B2 (en) * 2006-08-10 2014-12-02 Ubukata Industries Co., Ltd. Thermally responsive switch
CA2660140C (fr) * 2006-08-10 2016-01-19 Ubukata Industries Co., Ltd. Commutateur reagissant a la chaleur
EP2492937B1 (fr) 2011-02-23 2015-09-16 ABB Technology AG Appareil de commutation
EP2544203A1 (fr) * 2011-07-04 2013-01-09 ABB Technology AG Séparateur de charge haute tension électrique et procédé d'ouverture de celui-ci
US8835782B2 (en) * 2011-09-22 2014-09-16 Abb Technology Ag Contact arm assembly for switchgear circuit breaker having improved cooling fins and contact fingers to maximize heat rejection
US9536691B1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2017-01-03 Google Inc. Axial relay
DE102016218518C5 (de) * 2016-09-27 2023-05-11 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Kontaktstück für einen Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
CN107171095B (zh) * 2017-05-18 2023-06-27 平顶山市津电智能科技有限公司 一种变压器用电缆插拔式接头
EP3629350B1 (fr) 2018-09-26 2022-11-16 Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG Commutateur à moyenne ou haute tension ayant une connexion mécanique de type palier sphérique

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1541812A (fr) * 1967-09-01 1968-10-11 Merlin Gerin Dispositif de sectionnement
DE1921160B2 (de) * 1968-07-24 1972-02-10 Switchcraft, Ine , Chicago, 111 (V St A) Elektrische kontakteinrichtungen
US4011426A (en) * 1966-09-26 1977-03-08 Emil Lange Device with arc-extinguishing system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL16777C (fr) * 1924-11-08
US1866563A (en) * 1930-05-08 1932-07-12 Gurney Elevator Company Electric switch
US2191501A (en) * 1937-03-19 1940-02-27 Schmidt Lambert Thermostatic circuit interrupter
DE1134446B (de) * 1961-05-16 1962-08-09 Sachsenwerk Licht & Kraft Ag Kontakteinrichtung fuer elektrische Schaltgeraete
CH508267A (de) * 1969-11-10 1971-05-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Elektrischer Schalter, insbesondere Lastschalter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011426A (en) * 1966-09-26 1977-03-08 Emil Lange Device with arc-extinguishing system
FR1541812A (fr) * 1967-09-01 1968-10-11 Merlin Gerin Dispositif de sectionnement
DE1921160B2 (de) * 1968-07-24 1972-02-10 Switchcraft, Ine , Chicago, 111 (V St A) Elektrische kontakteinrichtungen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0391049A1 (fr) * 1989-04-04 1990-10-10 Kautt & Bux Schalter Produktionsgesellschaft mbH Interrupteur, en particulier interrupteur d'appareil
US5070221A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-12-03 Kautt & Bux Kg Switch device
WO1997033292A1 (fr) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-12 Carrier Kheops Bac Commutateur de cable electrique
FR2745943A1 (fr) * 1996-03-05 1997-09-12 Carrier Kheops Bac Commutateur de cable electrique
EP0971383A2 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2000-01-12 Abb Research Ltd. Agencement de contact d'un commutateur de courant
EP0971383A3 (fr) * 1998-07-07 2000-11-15 Abb Research Ltd. Agencement de contact d'un commutateur de courant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8609229U1 (de) 1986-06-05
EP0150486B1 (fr) 1988-05-11
DE3471196D1 (en) 1988-06-16
DE3402372A1 (de) 1985-08-01
HU189962B (en) 1986-08-28
HUT37292A (en) 1985-11-28
US4594489A (en) 1986-06-10
EP0150486A3 (en) 1986-04-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0150486B1 (fr) Interrupteur de circuit électrique
DE60029919T2 (de) Pol für einen elektrischen leistungsschalter, der eine lichtbogenlöschkammer mit dielektrischen abschirmungen umfasst
DE2158749B2 (de) Leitungsschutzschalter
DE19803974C1 (de) Kontaktanordnung für einen elektrischen Leistungsschalter
DE60223766T2 (de) Kontaktanordnung für einen Vakuumschalter und Vakuumschalter mit einer solchen Kontaktanordnung
CH662005A5 (de) Leistungsschalter.
EP1735803B1 (fr) Dispositif de commutation
EP0002685B1 (fr) Disjoncteur à gaz comprimé
EP0157922B1 (fr) Interrupteur à haute tension
EP0695458B1 (fr) Dispositif de commutation
EP1032942B1 (fr) Appareil de distribution muni d'un dispositif d'extinction d'arc
EP0743665B1 (fr) Disjoncteur
CH660645A5 (de) Elektrischer trennschalter.
EP0130560A2 (fr) Interrupteur limiteur de courant
WO2000003406A1 (fr) Ensembles contacts d'un commutateur de courant
DE1944143B2 (de) Lichtbogenkammer
CH645755A5 (de) Autopneumatischer druckgasschalter.
DE3235353C2 (fr)
DE2903426C2 (de) Elektromagnetische Lichtbogenlöscheinrichtung
DE3321740A1 (de) Druckgasschalter
EP0734580A1 (fr) Sectionneur de puissance de haute tension avec une electrode de champ
EP0041049B1 (fr) Disjoncteur de protection
DE2723624A1 (de) Elektrischer schalter
EP0091082A1 (fr) Appareil de commutation actionné électromagnétiquement
DE3402371A1 (de) Elektrisches schaltelement

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860402

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870616

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 19880511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19880531

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3471196

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880616

ET Fr: translation filed
GBV Gb: ep patent (uk) treated as always having been void in accordance with gb section 77(7)/1977 [no translation filed]
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881124

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19881231

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19881231

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19890921

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19890922

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19890927

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19891231

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19901231

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: DODUCO K.G. DR. EUGEN DURRWACHTER

Effective date: 19901231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19910701

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19910830

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910903

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST