EP0149027B1 - Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de particules métalliques sphéroidales - Google Patents

Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de particules métalliques sphéroidales Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0149027B1
EP0149027B1 EP84112730A EP84112730A EP0149027B1 EP 0149027 B1 EP0149027 B1 EP 0149027B1 EP 84112730 A EP84112730 A EP 84112730A EP 84112730 A EP84112730 A EP 84112730A EP 0149027 B1 EP0149027 B1 EP 0149027B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
process according
hot gas
gas stream
particles
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP84112730A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0149027A3 (en
EP0149027A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Seidler
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT84112730T priority Critical patent/ATE49146T1/de
Publication of EP0149027A2 publication Critical patent/EP0149027A2/fr
Publication of EP0149027A3 publication Critical patent/EP0149027A3/de
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Publication of EP0149027B1 publication Critical patent/EP0149027B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
    • B22F1/065—Spherical particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and a device as specified in the category in claim 15 for producing spherical particles.
  • US-A-2 334 578 discloses a process for the production of spherical glass particles using raw particles which are of the order of magnitude of the spherical particles to be produced. These raw particles are introduced from above into a high-energy stream of hot gas which is directed against gravity, the heating of the gas stream only causing the particle surface to melt, resulting in spherical particles.
  • the spherical particles that form are discharged from the gas stream when they enter the core area of the gas stream without being in a state of suspension beforehand, ie. H. the residence time in the hot zone of the gas stream is so short that only the desired melting of the particle surface can take place, there is no complete melting of the particle material.
  • Such a method is therefore not suitable for producing spherical particles from metal parts such as scrap or chips, since the related metal parts are significantly larger than the desired spherical metal particles to be produced.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method and a device for producing spherical metallic particles, in particular for use as abrasive, from substantially larger raw particles, which is uncomplicated and economical and which provides spherical, crack-free abrasive particles of high uniformity.
  • a device for this purpose should be able to be operated outside of a metal smelter or foundry without taking up much space, without any risks. Furthermore, it should be possible to create it with comparatively low investment costs and work economically in production, e.g. B., by extensive heat recovery.
  • a procedural solution to the task is achieved through the characterizing features of the new main claim. It is surprisingly simple and economical with the process to produce just enough molten material in each case that abrasive particles in status nascendi can be produced from it in a continuous process, the particle size of the raw material being irrelevant. Because of the suspended state of the introduced raw particles in the melt fluidized bed, a complete melting of the raw material is carried out, as a result of which small spherical droplets are atomized finely distributed by the gas stream, which are subsequently discharged by the gas stream and cooled.
  • the generation of a uniform fluidized bed is favored in that, according to a further proposal, the solid particles are given in the form of tablet-molded bodies which are molded from metal processing or fine shredder scrap and come out.
  • This is advantageously achieved by using shaped bodies of approximately the same dimensions and / or the same weight as the starting material. Under certain circumstances, it is provided that a shaped body approximately corresponds in shape and weight to a penny coin of German currency. Shaped bodies of this type are known with regard to their behavior in gas flows and can easily be produced on small presses.
  • An advantageous generation of the hot gas flow which can be achieved with simple means, can be achieved by using a burner charged with fuel gas and oxygen.
  • an expedient embodiment provides that a reducing gas atmosphere is set in the hot gas stream. This is advantageous in order to avoid decarburization of the generated particles.
  • This flow formation is favored by the fact that a flow channel designed as a Venturi nozzle is used to guide the hot gas flow.
  • a magnetic field is applied from the outside in the region or above the zone of the fluidized bed.
  • a ferromagnetic part arriving at falling speed is reliably braked by the magnetic field, so that it cannot fall down under any circumstances.
  • the possibility of using this magnetic field makes use of the knowledge that a particle loses its ferromagnetic property before it has reached the melting temperature, which is why the magnetic field has no retarding influence when the molten particles are discharged.
  • the hot gas stream is surrounded by a stream of jacket gas that cools the stream.
  • the kinetic energy of the jacket gas can at least correspond to that of the hot gas stream.
  • the jacket gas flow atomizes the Melt to droplets and discharge of the droplets, while the hot gas stream essentially provides the thermal energy for the melting process.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly economical.
  • the temperature of the jacket gas can be significantly lower than that of the hot gas stream.
  • the temperature of the hot gas stream is controlled in order to achieve a predetermined mean arithmetic particle size of the particles.
  • the temperature of the hot gas stream can be regulated according to the resulting mean arithmetic grain size with a constant feed quantity.
  • the method provides that the collected particles are subjected to a classification process, preferably by screening or sieving.
  • the dropping out of the finished product during the screening can be added to the starting material.
  • the proportion of dropouts is small, but adding them improves the pressing process.
  • the primary energy in the process is advantageously used economically in that waste heat from the hot gas stream is used to preheat the charged solid particles and / or jacket gas, or exhaust gas from the fluidized bed furnace can be collected and reused as jacket gas.
  • a device for producing spherical metallic particles, in particular for use as an abrasive, for carrying out the method according to claims 1-14 corresponds to the features of device claims 15-21.
  • the most important element of the device for carrying out the invention is a fluidized bed furnace 1 with a furnace wall 8.
  • This furnace wall 8 forms a flow guide body 9 with a flow channel 10 which widens continuously from bottom to top.
  • a device 2 for generating hot gas is arranged below the flow channel 10.
  • this is designed as a plasma torch 31 and has a feed 32 and a feed 33 for plasma gas.
  • a feed 34 for electrical energy, for example for generating an arc, is also provided.
  • the plasma torch has a nozzle mouthpiece 35 in the form of an acceleration nozzle.
  • a nozzle 36 with an annular outlet channel 37 is arranged around this nozzle mouthpiece 35.
  • the nozzle 36 serves to supply jacket gas 15 and is connected to the ring channel 14. This jacket gas is supplied through line 38 and an actuator 39.
  • the actuator 39 is set by a pressure sensor 40 depending on the pressure.
  • the plasma torch 31 supplies a hot gas stream 3 which flows through the flow channel 10 of the fluidized bed furnace 1 with relatively high kinetic and thermal energy.
  • the feed container 4 is arranged above the fluidized bed furnace 1. It has a metering discharge 5 with a discharge member 20 z. B. in the form shown, or in the form of a metering channel.
  • the feed container 4 is formed with a gas-permeable bottom 19 and closed at the top with an entry lock 21. On the pressure side, this is connected to a compressed gas line 24, which branches at points 41 into lines 18 and 38 for cooling gas and jacket gas.
  • a collecting container 25 which surrounds the fluidized bed furnace 1 in a ring shape, is arranged with a conically inclined bottom 26.
  • the furnace wall 8 is preferably made of porous, highly refractory sintered material. It is surrounded by a double wall 16 which, together with the furnace wall 8, encloses a coolant space 17 surrounding it.
  • a gaseous cooling medium is supplied to the coolant chamber 17 via the line 18.
  • a water injection 43 can be provided to condition the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium can cool through the furnace wall 8 according to the arrows 44 through the furnace wall 8 and generate a further insulating coolant curtain between the hot gas stream 3 and the furnace wall 8.
  • a magnet system 12 is arranged on the outside 11 of the fluidized bed furnace 1 in the region or just above the fluidized bed 45. This is such that its magnetic field 13 (indicated by fine dashed lines) passes through the flow channel 10 in its almost narrowest area above the fluidized bed 45. This magnetic field 13 causes bodies 46 of the feed material falling from the feed container 4 to be braked and thus lose their falling energy before they enter the fluidized bed 45. With a lower arrangement of the magnet system 12, braking and holding the falling bodies 46 in the fluidized bed 45 is also possible, at the latest until they are liquid.
  • a radiation pyrometer 27 of measuring and control devices is arranged in the exemplary embodiment shown. This detects the temperature of the fluidized bed 45 and converts the determined value into an electrical signal. This signal is applied with the signal line 28 to the actuator 29 in the feed 32 for plasma gas and the actuator 30 in the feed 33 for plasma gas.
  • Another actuator 47 for electrical energy can also be controlled directly by the signal line 28 or via a converter (not shown) or controller.
  • the plasma torch 31 is ignited and thereby a hot gas stream 3 is generated which passes through the fluidized bed furnace 1 or its flow channel 10 with a gas jet 3. This is rich in kinetic and thermal energy.
  • the gas suction device 23 is put into operation. It sucks hot gas rising from the fluidized bed furnace 1 through the gas-permeable base 19 and presses it through the line 24 and the branch line 38 into the annular channel 14 of the nozzle 36. With a sufficiently high one generated by the gas suction device 23 Pressure emerges from the ring channel 14 through the outlet channel 37 of the nozzle 36 jacket gas 15 at a speed substantially above the speed of the hot gas.
  • the bodies 46 orient themselves towards the center of the stabilized fluidized bed 45. They are melted here by the plasma in a very short time and a fluidized bed melt forms in the region of the fluidized bed 45. This consists of individual droplets 49. These individual droplets 49 are discharged from the fluidized bed furnace 1 by absorbing kinetic energy after reaching sufficient smallness in a throwing parabola 42 and solidify at the zenith of the throwing parah 42 in the state without acceleration. This gives bodies of an ideal spherical shape. These are collected in the collecting device 6 as finished goods 7 and deducted from them in accordance with the arrows 48.
  • an adjustable pressure of the jacket gas 15 in front of the nozzle opening 37 is kept constant with the help of a pressure sensor 40 and the actuator 39 influenced by this.
  • a radiation pyrometer 27 which continuously determines the temperature, converts it into electrical control signals and, via the signal line 28 or a (not shown) controller of a conventional type, the control elements 47 for the supply of electrical energy and 29 and 30 for the supply of gases.
  • Cooling the furnace wall 8 also ensures its resistance in the high temperature area.
  • the invention results in an unprecedentedly favorable production of spherical metallic particles using state-of-the-art technical means, which leads to low energy consumption in the production of a product of unprecedented quality.

Claims (21)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication de particules sphérdidales, dans lequel des particules solides sont délivrées, en quantité dosée, dans un flux (3) de gaz chauds riche en énergie et dirigé à l'opposé de la pesanteur, sont maintenues en suspension par ce flux de manière intermittente, sont fondues et amenées à la configuration sphé- roïdaie, après quoi elles sont évacuées du flux gazeux, et sont ensuite refroidies et recueillies en condition solidifiée, caractérisé par le fait que les particules solides, consistant en un métal, sont intégralement fondues dans une couche tourbillonnaire en fusion (45) et sont atomisées dans le flux gazeux (3).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les particules solides sont délivrées sous la forme de corps pastillés, venus de moulage par compression à partir de copeaux. d'usinage métallique, ou bien de riblons fins de shredder et d'un granulat défectueux.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait qu'un brûleur alimenté en gaz comburant et en oxygène, ou bien un brûleur au plasma (31), est utilisé pour engendrer le flux de gaz chauds.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'une atmosphère gazeuse réductrice est entretenue dans le flux de gaz chauds (3).
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le flux de gaz chauds (3) est mis en circulation traversante, de bas en haut, dans un canal d'écoulement qui présente un évasement et est réalisé, en partie, sous la forme d'un four (1) à couche tourbillonnaire.
6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'un canal d'écoulement réalisé sous la forme d'une buse de Venturi est utilisé pour guider le flux de gaz chauds (3).
7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait qu'un champ magnétique (13) est appliqué, de l'extérieur, respectivement au voisinage ou au-dessus des zones de la couche tourbillonnaire (45).
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le flux de gaz chauds (3) est entouré par un flux d'un gaz enveloppant (15) plus frais.
9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'énergie cinétique du gaz enveloppant (15) correspond au moins à celle du flux de gaz chauds (3) ; et par le fait que la température dudit gaz enveloppant est considérablement plus faible que celle du flux de gaz chauds (3).
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que la température du flux de gaz chauds (3) est commandée en vue d'atteindre une granulométrie arithmétique prédéterminée des particules.
11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que, pour influencer la configuration sphéroïdale des particules, il est additionnellement procédé à la commande d'un ou de plusieurs des paramètres suivants :
- quantité du gaz enveloppant (15) délivré,
- température du gaz enveloppant (15),
- teneur en énergie du gaz enveloppant (15),
- énergie du champ magnétique (13).
12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que les particules captées sont soumises à un processus de classification, le granulat défectueux, éliminé du produit fini au cours du processus de classification, étant ajouté au matériau de départ.
13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'une chaleur perdue du flux de gaz chauds (3) est utilisée pour le préchauffage des particules solides délivrées (46) et/ou pour le chauffage d'un gaz enveloppant (15).
14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que des gaz d'échappement du four (1) à couche tourbillonnaire sont recueillis, puis directement réutilisés en tant que gaz enveloppant (15).
15. Installation pour la fabrication de particules sphéroïdales, en vue de la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 14, présentant un four à gaz chauds qui comprend un dispositif (2) pour engendrer un flux de gaz chauds (3) ; une paroi (8), réalisée sous la forme d'un corps (9) directeur d'écoulement muni d'un canal d'écoulement (10) s'évasant du bas vers le haut ; un réceptacle (4), de réserve et/ou de déversement, doté d'un dispositif de sortie doseur (5) ; et un dispositif (6) collecteur de produit fini, caractérisée par le fait que le four à gaz chauds est réalisé en tant que four (1) à couche tourbillonnaire avec chauffage par le bas, et est équipé d'un brûleur au plasma (31) en vue de la fusion complète et de l'atomisation des particules solides métalliques délivrées, dans le flux de gaz chauds (3) de ce brûleur au plasma (31).
16. Installation selon la revendication 15, caractérisée par le fait qu'un système magnétique (12), à champ magnétique (13) traversant la couche tourbillonnaire, est disposé à la face externe (11) de la paroi (8) du four.
17. Installation selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisée par le fait que le brûleur au plasma (2) présente un canal annulaire (14) qui l'entoure extérieurement, pour un gaz enveloppant (15).
18. Installation selon l'une des revendications 15 à 17, caractérisée par le fait que la paroi (8) du four consiste en un matériau céramique poreux, diamagnétique et thermiquement résistant, et est ceinturée par une paroi de doublage (16) qui délimite, avec la paroi (8) du four, une chambre (17) à fluide de refroidissement cernant ladite paroi ; et par le fait que cette chambre est raccordée à un conduit (18) acheminant, de préférence, un fluide gazeux de refroidissement.
19. Installation selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisée par le fait que le réceptacle déverseur (4) comporte un fond (19) perméable aux gaz, ou bien une admission de gaz d'un autre type.
20. Installation selon l'une des revendications 16 à 19, caractérisée par le fait que le réceptacle déverseur (4) est obturé vers le haut par un sas d'enfournement (21) et est raccordé, par un manchon d'évacuation (22), à un dispositif (23) d'évacuation gazeuse par aspiration, ce dispositif (23) d'évacuation gazeuse par aspiration étant en communication, par l'entremise d'un conduit (24), avec le canal annulaire (14) pour du gaz enveloppant (15).
21. Installation selon l'une des revendications 16 à 20, caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif collecteur (6) présente un réceptacle (25) qui entoure annulairement le four (1) à couche tourbillonnaire, et comporte un fond (26) à inclinaison tronconique vers l'extérieur.
EP84112730A 1983-12-20 1984-10-23 Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de particules métalliques sphéroidales Expired - Lifetime EP0149027B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84112730T ATE49146T1 (de) 1983-12-20 1984-10-23 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von kugelfoermigen metallischen partikeln.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3345983 1983-12-20
DE3345983A DE3345983C2 (de) 1983-12-20 1983-12-20 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von kugelförmigen metallischen Partikeln

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0149027A2 EP0149027A2 (fr) 1985-07-24
EP0149027A3 EP0149027A3 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0149027B1 true EP0149027B1 (fr) 1990-01-03

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EP84112730A Expired - Lifetime EP0149027B1 (fr) 1983-12-20 1984-10-23 Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de particules métalliques sphéroidales

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US4627943A (fr)
EP (1) EP0149027B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60135505A (fr)
AT (1) ATE49146T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU571915B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1235265A (fr)
DD (1) DD227355C4 (fr)
DE (2) DE3345983C2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA849879B (fr)

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DE3766317D1 (de) * 1986-08-11 1991-01-03 Gte Prod Corp Verfahren zur herstellung von sphaerischem pulver.
FR2657257B1 (fr) * 1990-01-19 1994-09-02 Rhone Poulenc Sante Procede de preparation de medicaments sous forme de perles.
US5236466A (en) * 1991-08-30 1993-08-17 Chilean Nitrate Corporation Fast cooling of partially solidified granules of low melting, subliming substances obtained by prilling
US5558822A (en) * 1995-08-16 1996-09-24 Gas Research Institute Method for production of spheroidized particles
DE19821144A1 (de) * 1998-05-12 1999-11-18 Degussa Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigen heterogenen Stoffen
US6228292B1 (en) * 1998-05-12 2001-05-08 Degussa Ag Process for the preparation of pulverulent heterogeneous substances
US6755886B2 (en) * 2002-04-18 2004-06-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for producing metallic microparticles
US7803210B2 (en) * 2006-08-09 2010-09-28 Napra Co., Ltd. Method for producing spherical particles having nanometer size, crystalline structure, and good sphericity
PL2101973T3 (pl) * 2007-08-27 2016-06-30 Borealis Tech Oy Sprzęt i sposób do wytwarzania granulek polimerowych
DE102013105369B4 (de) * 2013-05-24 2020-11-19 BinNova GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung mikrofeiner Fasern und Filamente

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US2186659A (en) * 1936-07-17 1940-01-09 Micro Products Corp Magnetic powder for iron dust cores
US2334578A (en) * 1941-09-19 1943-11-16 Rudolf H Potters Method of and apparatus for producing glass beads
US2586818A (en) * 1947-08-21 1952-02-26 Harms Viggo Progressive classifying or treating solids in a fluidized bed thereof
GB742459A (en) * 1952-06-11 1955-12-30 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Improvements in or relating to the spheroidization of powders
BE521556A (fr) * 1953-07-18
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CH667223A5 (de) * 1981-12-23 1988-09-30 Alusuisse Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abrunden koerniger feststoffpartikel.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4627943A (en) 1986-12-09
DE3345983C2 (de) 1986-09-04
CA1235265A (fr) 1988-04-19
DE3345983A1 (de) 1985-06-27
AU571915B2 (en) 1988-04-28
DD227355A5 (de) 1985-09-18
AU3700084A (en) 1985-07-04
ZA849879B (en) 1985-08-28
EP0149027A3 (en) 1987-09-02
DE3480909D1 (de) 1990-02-08
JPS60135505A (ja) 1985-07-18
EP0149027A2 (fr) 1985-07-24
DD227355C4 (de) 1986-05-14
ATE49146T1 (de) 1990-01-15

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