EP0147448B1 - Safety door unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rotation guide and support device for a door (1) of which the pivot (3) may be disengaged from the outside, the door opening normally to the inside, and a door unit using in combination with said device a door frame (2c, 2d) without any upper rebate and of which the right and left rebates have an inverted profile thereby allowing to remove the unhinged door towards the outside or to invert the opening direction. Improvement to the safety of persons.

Description

The present invention relates, in general, to new door block structures improving the safety of persons, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The door frames commonly used have high rebates, left and right, oriented in the same direction, that is to say such that they allow opening only inwards or outwards, and the rotating support and guide devices, hinges, hinges or pivots, which usually equip the doors are fixed and arranged on the inside, with reference to the normal direction of opening, so that it is not possible to unclip , from the outside, a closed door.

However, such a possibility of unhooking would be entirely desirable, for example, to free a child who has locked himself up with a key or lock in a room and who no longer knows how to open, or to open a room closed by a door with a locked lock.

We also know that it is not uncommon for people to feel unwell in tight spaces, such as the toilet or bathroom, and if they fall behind the door, which opens inwards. from the room, it is not possible to rescue them without breaking the door.

To remedy this situation, in recent buildings, the doors of such premises open to the outside. This solution has the drawback, however, of making circulation in the corridors difficult which must be widened to the detriment of the living area; moreover, in old buildings, it is frequently impossible to install regulatory sanitary premises, due to lack of space.

The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by making it possible to unhinge, from the outside, a door which normally opens towards the inside and, to do this, it relates to a safety door block which comprises, on the one hand, a frame without high rebate, but with left and right side rebates with inverted profiles, and a curved door on one side of said frame to be able to pivot and open towards the interior of the room which it equips and , on the other hand, at least a pair of support and rotating guide devices each comprising a first receiving element adapted to be fixed to the door and a second receiving element adapted to be fixed to the frame, the two elements being capable of coming into correspondence and being joined by a pivot along their longitudinal axis, control means making it possible to disengage said pivot from one of said receiving elements, characterized in that said control means are accessible at least dep uis the outer face of the door relative to its direction of opening, whereby a door opening inwards can be opened from the outside and be extracted from the frame to the outside.

Thanks to the removal of the upper rebate and the inversion of the profiles of the right and left rebates, the door frame does not hinder the extraction towards the outside of the unfurled door.

Admittedly, already from GB-A-463 612, means are known for mounting a window which make it possible to reverse its direction of opening by a system of unhinging controlled from inside the room equipped with this window, but nothing in this document suggests the possibility of acting also from outside the room and purely and simply extracting the window to the outside. This document constitutes the most relevant state of the art.

According to the invention, the control means can indifferently act on the male part (pivot) or the female part (receiving element) of the device.

Thus, it is possible, from outside the room, to separate the two elements of the device although the latter is on the other side of the door relative to the intervening person.

In a preferred embodiment, the pivot control means are also accessible from the inside of the door, so that a person locked in a room whose lock no longer works, can release himself.

The invention also finds its application in the reversal of the direction of opening of a door according to the needs, the door being able to be curled on the frame without high rebate and whose rebates have an inverted profile, so that '' it normally opens inwards if this does not pose a particular problem for the user, while it can be curved so as to open outwards if the apartment is occupied, for example, by a disabled person.

Another application of the invention is the production of a security door block comprising a fire door capable of being open to the outside or to the inside, depending on the direction of movement of the people in the room to evacuate.

To do this, the door unit comprises, firstly, a frame without high rebate and whose rebates on the left and right have an inverted profile, on the second hand, a curved fire door on said frame, both on the right side than on the left side, using devices of the aforementioned type, with reference to the direction of thrust acting on the fire door, thirdly, a couple of anti-panic opening bars disposed respectively on one side and on the other of the door and adapted to disengage the pivots of the devices located on the side of the frame which allows the opening of the door in the direction of the thrust exerted on one or the another opening bar and, fourthly, locking means actuated by that of the opening bars which was the first to be pushed and blocking the other bar.

Whatever the application, the control means releasing the pivots can be constituted by a part which has a cutout adapted to receive an operating member, such as a square or a male or female triangle. melle, a key, a screwdriver, or even a coin, and which is joined to, comprises, or allows access to, drive means engaging with said pivot or with its receiving element.

These drive means, which can also be controlled by lock or key lock, or by any other means, can be with a rack, lever, eccentric cam, spring, worm, or any other equivalent mechanism.

When a pair of devices of the aforementioned type respectively equips the lower and upper parts of a door, the control means can be constituted by a lever whose lower and upper rods are adapted to release respectively the pivot of the lower and upper devices , like the device known from FR-A-467 957.

Finally, the invention makes it possible, by appropriate adaptation, to make a conventional door frame that can be opened outwards normally open towards the inside.

• - la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une porte dans son huisserie classique, avec grossissement de la feuillure de droite,
• - la figure 2 représente le schéma de principe du bloc-porte de sécurité selon l'invention,
• - la figure 3 montre en détail le bloc-porte selon une des formes d'exécution,
• - les figures 4a et 4b représentent des bâtis ayant des feuillures à profil d'ouverture inversé,
• - les figures 5a à 5c montrent d'autres formes de bâtis angulaires à profil d'ouverture inversé,
• - les figures 6a et 6b représentent respectivement une huisserie pré-adaptée au gondage de la porte sur le montant de gauche ou le montant de droite en vue de l'inversion du sens d'ouverture et une coupe prise selon la ligne VIb-VJb de la figure 6a,
• - la figure 7 représente les différentes positions de la commande de dégondage,
• - la figure 8 indique la position des pivots de dégondage en cas d'encastrement pour permettre une ouverture à 90°,
• - les figures 9 et 10 représentent des variantes d'exécution des moyens d'entraînement des pivots,
• - la figure 11 montre l'extraction du pivot et le dégondage,
• - La figure 12 illustre une variante d'exécution utilisant une crémone pour l'extraction du pivot,
• - les figures 13a à 13d illustrent les différentes étapes du dégondage d'une porte selon l'invention,
• - les figures 14a à 14c montrent l'adaptation de la technique selon l'invention à un bloc-porte existant selon l'art antérieur,
• - la figure 15 représente en perspective le dispositif utilisé à la figure 14c,
• - la figure 16a représente une forme de porte utilisant un bâti sans feuillure et les figures 16b et 16c montrent l'utilisation d'une came à butée permettant de donner un sens d'ouverture à une telle porte,
• - la figure 17 est une vue en perspective de la came à butée des figures 16b et 16c et,
• - la figure 18 représente l'adaptation de l'invention à la réalisation d'un bloc-porte coupe-feu.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description below, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a door in its conventional frame, with magnification of the right rebate,
• FIG. 2 represents the block diagram of the security door unit according to the invention,
• FIG. 3 shows in detail the door unit according to one of the embodiments,
• FIGS. 4a and 4b represent frames having rebates with an inverted opening profile,
• FIGS. 5a to 5c show other forms of angular frames with an inverted opening profile,
• - Figures 6a and 6b respectively show a frame pre-adapted to the hinge of the door on the left upright or the right upright for the reversal of the opening direction and a section taken along line VIb-VJb of FIG. 6a,
• FIG. 7 represents the different positions of the unhinging control,
• - Figure 8 shows the position of the hinge pins in the event of embedding to allow 90 ° opening,
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show alternative embodiments of the means for driving the pivots,
• FIG. 11 shows the extraction of the pivot and the unhinging,
• FIG. 12 illustrates an alternative embodiment using a cremone bolt for the extraction of the pivot,
• FIGS. 13a to 13d illustrate the different stages of unhooking a door according to the invention,
• FIGS. 14a to 14c show the adaptation of the technique according to the invention to an existing door unit according to the prior art,
• FIG. 15 shows in perspective the device used in FIG. 14c,
• FIG. 16a shows a form of door using a frame without rebate and FIGS. 16b and 16c show the use of a cam with a stop making it possible to give a direction of opening to such a door,
• FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the stop cam of FIGS. 16b and 16c and,
• - Figure 18 shows the adaptation of the invention to the production of a fire door block.

If we refer to Figure 1, we see a door 1 mounted on a conventional frame whose frames 2a and 2b have rebates 40 of the same direction. The pivot 3 is fixed and disposed on the side of the interior face 1 ′ of the door, so that it is not possible to unclip it from the exterior face 1 ″.

Figure 2 shows a door 1 mounted in a frame according to the invention, that is to say such that the frames 2c and 2d have rebates whose profile is reversed. Such a frame makes it possible to hinge the door 1 either on the frame 2c or on the frame 2d, so that the door can open in one direction or the other. In Figure 2, we have schematized the presence of a pivot to the right and another to the left, one serving as a hinge and the other as a lock.

If we now refer to FIG. 3, we find the door 1 closed with its internal face l 'and its external face 1 ", the two frames of the frame 2c and 2d and the pivot 3. The reference 4 designates a pivot drive member 3 and reference 5 a drive member control member 4. Examples of relationships between control member, drive member and pivot are illustrated in FIGS. 9, 10, 12 and 15 described below. The control member 5 is housed in a hole 37 provided for this purpose in the door and it is accessible both from the outside face 1 and from the inside face l 'of the door. the lock pin.

It is understood that by operating the member 5, for example, from the face 1 "of the door and, consequently, the member 4, one can lift the pivot 3 and unhinge the door, then extract it towards the exterior thanks to the inversion of the profiles of the rebates of frames 2c and 2d.

Figures 4a, 4b, 5a to 5c, show different possibilities for the production of frame frames (2e, 2f); 2g; 2h, 2i; 2j, 2k; 21, 2m) having rebates whose profile is inverted and whose shape is a function of the fact that the door will itself have a rebate.

Figures 6a and 6b show a frame whose uprights 2n and 2p have a rebate whose profile is exactly opposite. This rebate comprises a cut respectively 7a and 7b for the keeper of the lock and a bore respectively 8a and 8b for the screwing of a threaded rod carrying the female part 3a of the hinge adapted to receive the pivot 3. It suffices to unscrew the element 3a of the frame 2p and screw it back into the bore 8a of the frame 2n to reverse the opening direction of the door.

FIG. 7 shows different positions of the unhinging control: on the wall 9, semi-recessed 9a, recessed 9b and mortising 9c. Note that commands 9, 9a and 9b correspond tooth in the casing 27 of FIG. 15 and that the control 9c corresponds to the member 4 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 8 shows the location where the recessed pivot 3 must necessarily be installed so that the door 1 can open at 90 °.

Various embodiments of the pivot 3 extraction mechanism are given in Figures 9 to 12.

In Figure 9 a square cutout 10 is provided in a part 11 extending by a lever arm 12 whose fork 13 engages with a stud 14 provided on the pivot 3a. By rotating the part 11 using an appropriate operating member inserted in the cutout 11, the pin is pushed back to 14a, which raises the pivot 3a. A leaf spring 15 is adapted to retain the pivot 3a in position by penetration of its retaining finger 16 in notches 17 provided on the pivot 3a.

In FIG. 10, the square cutout 10a is made in a part 11a whose periphery 18a, partially toothed, is adapted to come into engagement with a corresponding toothed area 19 provided on the pivot 3b. As in the case of the embodiment of Figure 9, a leaf spring 15a having a retaining finger 16a is adapted to retain the pivot 3b by penetration into an appropriate notch 17a.

It is understood that the cutout 10 or 10a is not necessarily square: it can take any maneuverable shape and even be reduced to a simple slit.

FIG. 11 shows diagrammatically the opening of the door by lifting along the arrow F1 of the pivot 3c and separation according to the arrows F2 and F3 of the first element 21 and the second element 20 of a hinge which will be described in detail with regard to FIG. 15 .

Another alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 12 where the drive mechanism for the 3d pivots is constituted by the rods 23 of a lever, designated as a whole by 24.

• - la figure 13a montre la porte fermée,
• - la figure 13b représente la porte en état normal d'ouverture,
• - à la figure 13c, le pivot 3 a été extrait de l'élément femelle 20 dépendant du bâti 2d.
• - à la figure 13d, la porte 1 est en cours d'extraction de l'huisserie. On comprend que cette extraction n'est possible que par suite de l'utilisation d'une huisserie 2c, 2d sans feuillure haute et dont les feuillures gauche et droite ont un profil inversé.

If we come to Figures 13a to 13d, we can see the different stages of door unhooking:

• FIG. 13a shows the door closed,
• FIG. 13b shows the door in normal opening state,
• - In Figure 13c, the pivot 3 has been extracted from the female element 20 depending on the frame 2d.
• - In Figure 13d, the door 1 is being extracted from the frame. It is understood that this extraction is only possible as a result of the use of a frame 2c, 2d without high rebate and whose left and right rebates have an inverted profile.

Figures 14a to 14c show the adaptation of the technique according to the invention to an existing door unit.

Figure 14a shows a door 1, curved in 3 'on a frame 2i, while its pin 6' enters a frame 2h. This door can only open inwards since the rebates 40 of the frames 2i and 2h and the high rebate not visible in the drawing oppose the pivoting of the door 1 outwards. To adapt such a door unit to the technique according to the invention, it suffices to unhinge the door 1 and to saw the part in gray in FIG. 14a and the upper part of the door to a similar width: the structure is then obtained. shown in Figure 14b. The rebate of the frame 2i is partially completed by a cleat 26 which carries the female element of the hinge (FIG. 15). The high rebate is also partially supplemented by an appropriate cleat. The angle (FIG. 14c) of the door 1 is, for its part, furnished with a housing 27 mounted on a reinforcing angle 28: it is indeed necessary to reinforce the angle of the door since the sawing of the latter eliminated a significant portion of the isoplane structure strengthening block. The door 1 will have been previously drilled according to 37, so as to be able to access from the face 1 "the cutout 10 (FIG. 15) allowing the actuation of the part (not visible in the figure) capable of actuating the bar 38 which comes into engagement with the notch provided (FIG. 11) in the head 22 of the pivot 3c to lift the latter and extract it from the female element 20.

Instead of sawing the door, we could very well leave it as it is and saw the left rebate 40 and the high rebate. In this case, the cleat 26 and the reinforcing angle 28 would be useless and one could directly mount the housing 27 on the door and the female element 20 on the frame 2i stripped of its rebate.

Figure 16a shows a door 1, hinged mounted in a frame 2q, 2r without rebate. In order to be able to temporarily prevent such a door from pivoting inwards or outwards, the invention proposes to provide the frame 2q with the locking member shown in isolation in FIG. 17. This locking member, which constitutes a cam with stop, comprises an axis 32 from which two metal plates 29 and 30 depend at 90 ° capable of occupying three positions: the projecting part of the plate 29 can play its role while the projecting part of the plate 30 is retracted (FIG. 16b ), or vice versa (Figure 16c) or the protruding parts of the two plates can be retracted simultaneously thus putting the locking device out of service (case of Figure 16a). A slot 31 provided at each end of the axis 32 makes it possible to rotate the locking member and to modify the orientation of the plates 29 and 30 according to the desired direction of opening for the door. In FIGS. 16b and 16c the reference 33 designates magnets adapted to keep the door closed against the metal plate 29. The reference 34 in FIG. 16 designates a sealing brush, and the reference 35 in FIG. 16c a double action hinge.

Figure 18 shows a fire door, mounted on pivots 3a and 3b using devices of the type described above, the frames 2c, 2d being inverted rebate. The door 1 is provided, on each of its faces, with a panic opening bar 36a, 36b which constitutes the means for controlling the means for driving the pivots 3a and 3b. A locking device 39 is provided, such that as soon as pressure is applied on one of the panic opening bars 36a or 36b, the other bar is blocked. Thus, in the event of evacuation according to arrow F4, a support will be exerted on the bar 36a with, for effect, the unhinging side 2c, and the door will open according to arrow F5.

If, on the contrary, the thrust was exerted in the direction of arrow F4 'on the bar 36b, this would cause the side 2d to unhook and the door would open in accordance with arrow F6.

By lifting one of the opening bars 36a and 36b, it is possible to unhinge the door and extract it towards you, pressing on the bars causing the door to open, as indicated below -above.

• - la forme biaise des montants évite le blocage de la porte de l'huisserie en cas de dilatation,
• - la porte peut être dégondée de l'intérieur et de l'extérieur,
• - l'étanchéité aux fumées est renforcée par la dilatation si le bloc-porte est métallique,
• - l'huisserie est conçue de telle sorte que les montants ne deviennent pas des ponts thermiques,
• - l'utilisation de goupilles formant pivot, avec bagues en régule, fondant en cas d'élévation critique de la température, empêche le serrage des charnières.

The application of the invention to fire doors also offers the following advantages:

• - the skewed form of the uprights prevents blocking of the door frame in the event of expansion,
• - the door can be removed from the inside and outside,
• - the smoke tightness is reinforced by expansion if the door unit is metallic,
• - the door frame is designed so that the uprights do not become thermal bridges,
• - the use of pins forming a pivot, with regulating rings, melting in the event of a critical rise in temperature, prevents tightening of the hinges.

The rebates may be of different shapes and more or less deep, depending on whether the frame will be made of wood, metal, or plastic, and possibly removable. They may have a flap, an add-on stop or a stop with a flat or cambered movable cam. The doors may have a rebate or not depending on the material used (wood, metal, plastic or tempered glass). The doors can be fitted on a male pivot or female node. The hinges can be either built-in or surface-mounted. The lock, surface-mounted or built-in, may be fitted with a pin lock at the opening to facilitate the extraction of the door.

It appears from the foregoing description that the invention provides new means ensuring personal safety, allowing the reversal of the direction of opening of the doors as required, and the adaptation of which to existing structures is simple and economical.

Claims (4)

1. Safety door block including, on the one hand, a casing having no high rebate but having left and right side rebates (40) with reserved profiles, and a door (1) hinged on one side of said casing, so that the door be able to pivot for opening towards the inside of the room thus equipped, and on the other hand at least a pair of supporting and rotary guidance devices, each comprising a first receiving element designed to be fixed to the door and a second receiving element designed to be fixed to the casing, the two elements being capable of coming into alignment with one another and of being connected by means of a pivot (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) inserted along their longitudinal axis, control means (10, 10a) permitting said pivot to be released from one of the said receiving elements, characterized in that said control means (10, 10a) are accessible at least from the outer face (1") of the door in relation to its opening direction, whereby a door opening inwards can be unhinged from the outside and be extracted from the casing outwards.

2. Door block according to claim 1, characterized in that the control means consist of a piece (11, 11 a) having a cut-out (10, 10a) capable of receiving an operating member, the said piece being connected to, or incorporating, or giving access to drive means (13, 18a) engaging with the said pivot (3, 3a, 3b, 3c).

3. Door block according to claim 1, whose set of two supporting and rotary guidance devices respectively equip the lower and upper parts of a door, characterized in that the control means consist of an espagnolette (24), the lower and upper rods (23) of which are designed respectively to release the pivots (3d) from the lower and upper devices.

4. Safety door block according to claim 1, characterized in that the door is a fire-proof door (1) hinged to the casing both on the right side and on the left side by means of devices accordingly to any one of claims 1 to 3, and in that there is provided, on the one hand, a pair of antipanic opening bars (36a, 36b) arranged respectively on one side of the door (1) and on the other side and designed to disengage the pivots (3a, 3b) from the devices located on the side of casing which allows the door (1) to be opened in the direction (F5) of the push (F4) exerted on one opening bar (36a) or the other, and, on the other hand, locking means (39) actuated by that opening bar (36a) which was the first to be pushed and blocking the other bar (36b).

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