EP0145609B1 - Railroad crossing slab - Google Patents

Railroad crossing slab Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0145609B1
EP0145609B1 EP84402587A EP84402587A EP0145609B1 EP 0145609 B1 EP0145609 B1 EP 0145609B1 EP 84402587 A EP84402587 A EP 84402587A EP 84402587 A EP84402587 A EP 84402587A EP 0145609 B1 EP0145609 B1 EP 0145609B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
sleepers
alignment
covering according
pivoting axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84402587A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0145609A3 (en
EP0145609A2 (en
Inventor
Daniel Carre
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT84402587T priority Critical patent/ATE34417T1/en
Publication of EP0145609A2 publication Critical patent/EP0145609A2/en
Publication of EP0145609A3 publication Critical patent/EP0145609A3/en
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Publication of EP0145609B1 publication Critical patent/EP0145609B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01CCONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/04Pavings for railroad level-crossings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a level crossing decking of the type comprising, between two rail tracks laid on blocks, one-piece sleepers or sills, at least two interior elements - or sets of interior elements - of roadway arranged opposite , and this so as to be able to self-align and / or pivot slightly with respect to each other, about an alignment and / or pivot axis located in their junction plane.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to fill this gap.
  • An object of the invention is also to design a deck which, by means of certain variant embodiments, can, while implementing generally identical principles, be suitable for mounting on sleepers of different natures, namely on sleepers in double-block concrete, or on possibly prestressed concrete sleepers (these blocks or sleepers increasingly tending to replace old wooden sleepers), or on concrete sleepers, or even on wooden sleepers.
  • Another object of the invention will be to allow the production of such decks in any suitable material, in particular concrete, and in the form of assembled panels of relatively low weight, allowing their manual handling, that is to say without using special lifting devices.
  • Yet another object of the invention will be to ensure that the deformations of the rails when passing trains do not transmit to the decking and therefore do not subject it to stresses.
  • a level crossing platform is, in accordance with the invention, essentially characterized in that, opposite said alignment and / or pivot axis, said interior elements rest, preferably elastically, on corresponding supports of the blocks, one-piece sleepers or sills, and this so as to be able to pivot slightly on these supports, around an axis essentially parallel to said alignment and / or pivot axis, in that devices are provided.
  • these supports of the interior elements on the blocks, stringers, or one-piece sleepers will be produced by means of an elastic sole made of an appropriate material.
  • This arrangement will help prevent the decking from being subjected to significant stress, either when trains are passing over the track, or when heavy road vehicles are passing over the road.
  • the adjustable spacing devices will allow the interior elements of the decking to be subjected if necessary to a torque tending to urge their central part downwards, this couple then opposing any risk of lifting of the elements, either during passage of a train on the track, or as a result of the passage of a road vehicle on the roadway.
  • said alignment and / or pivot axis will be parallel or practically parallel to the rails, located at least approximately in the vertical median plane of the track, and also common to the various sets of interior elements. , this to effectively achieve their alignment and leveling.
  • an alignment and / or pivot axis materialized by an elastic seal comprising or bead, the two halves of which are housed respectively in two complementary grooves facing each other, formed in the songs opposite two interior elements.
  • Said seal may also comprise, starting on either side of said bead, a separating veil extending along essentially the entire thickness of said interior elements, and preferably the thickness of this veil will increase from its upper end to its lower end, for a reason which will be better seen later.
  • this arrangement is not absolutely essential: it is quite possible to use a seal with a web of constant thickness.
  • said interior elements of the decking of the invention may also be characterized in that their underside has, on the side opposite to said alignment and / or pivot axis, a recess suitable for framing the block or the corresponding crosspiece, and thus ensuring the maintenance of said elements vis-à-vis the horizontal and longitudinal stresses.
  • these recesses will in fact be cavities delimited on three sides, and which will then each cover the corresponding block, thus allowing additional maintenance of the interior elements in position with respect to horizontal transverse stresses.
  • the invention also relates to the production of the parts of the decking external to the track, this realization generally calling upon the same constructive principles as that of the part internal to the track.
  • a deck in accordance with the present invention may also be characterized in that it comprises, outside of rail tracks laid on blocks, sleepers or sills, and on either side of the track, at least one external element - or set of external elements - of the road, bearing on the one hand on the corresponding rail pad or a part acting thereon, and on the other hand on the external part of the surface top of the block, cross member or sill.
  • said external elements of the decking can also be characterized in that at their external part, their lower face has a cavity suitable for covering, here again in principle with the interposition of an appropriate flexible sole, the end of the block or the corresponding crosspiece.
  • the decking can also be characterized in that there are provided clamping means suitable for applying said external elements against the corresponding rail pad or a part acting on the one hand, and against blocks, sleepers or sills on the other hand.
  • clamping means Any suitable clamping means may be used, but, according to a preferred arrangement of the invention, provision may be made for said clamping means mainly to comprise a stiffened plate bearing both under the rail pad or a part acting as a function and under the external element concerned, and an oblong head bolt with cam or square collar, passing through the element, the head of which passes through an elongated opening of the said plate, and which is tensioned by a nut screwed on it and resting on a part integral with said element.
  • this plate located opposite the elongated opening will advantageously be folded down on the shoe of the rail, preferably at an acute angle, so as to find a support against the inside face of this shoe, support which is oppose the movements tending to separate from the track the external element concerned from the decking.
  • This folding of the end of the plate preferably at an acute angle also has another utility during the establishment, as will be better seen later, using the drawing.
  • a rebate of appropriate shape and depth, arranged under the external element concerned, will facilitate the positioning of the stiffened plate when it is put in place.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 one of the two rails, of conventional shape, of a railway track placed on concrete sleepers with double block has been referenced at 1.
  • the blocks supporting one of the rails 1 have been referenced at 2 in FIG. 2, only one of these blocks being visible in FIG. 1.
  • the interior elements of the decking are referenced in 3. They are arranged in two rows or sets of elements aligned along the rail, the two assemblies being separated by a median seal in elastic material, referenced in 4.
  • This joint 4 is common to the two sets of interior elements 3, and it thus ensures their perfect alignment with respect to each other in the transverse direction and vertically, which makes it possible to put all the elements 3 of the decking at the same level. .
  • the offset of the interior elements by half a length in the direction of the track also has the very important advantage of effective cooperation with the means already provided to avoid lifting of these interior elements, especially during the passage of heavy vehicles. Indeed, each element of one of the sets is prevented from being lifted by the two elements of the other set which overlap it and so on, step by step, so that the elements all maintain each other and all oppose to the efforts which might tend to raise one of them. It can therefore be seen that the central joint has the triple effect of holding the interior elements in place and of opposing the forces exerted on the elements vertically, longitudinally (friction effect on the joint) and transversely (resistance of the joint to the crash).
  • the length of the elements 3 is twice the distance between the axes of two consecutive blocks 2. This being, of course, their thickness will be determined at the same time as a function of the type of rails fitted to the track and as a function of the permissible axle loads for vehicles intended to travel on the passage. While respecting the conditions thus imposed, it will also be possible to ensure that the unit weight of the elements 3 is sufficiently reduced so that they can be handled by hand, without any particular lifting device.
  • the aforementioned seal 4 comprises, as an essential part, a cylindrical bead 4a, the two halves of which are housed respectively in two complementary grooves 6, facing each other, formed in the edges opposite said elements 3, these provisions allowing, according to a particularly important characteristic of the invention, that an element 3 of one of the sets of elements can pivot slightly relative to the two halves of elements 3 which face it in the other set of elements, this in order to considerably reduce the bending stresses to which the central part of the decking will be subjected, during the passage of road vehicles.
  • the seal 4 comprises, on either side of the aforementioned bead 4a, a separating veil 4b extending essentially along the entire thickness of the elements 3, this veil 4b having, as for it, a thickness going linearly increasing from its upper end to its lower end.
  • This characteristic is also clearly visible in FIG. 1.
  • the greater thickness of the part of the veil 4b situated below the bead 4a will allow it to withstand greater compression forces, in particular during the passage of the trains, the ends interior elements 3 opposite to the joint 4 then undergoing indeed a downward displacement, as a result of the arrow undergone by the rails 1.
  • the interior elements 3 rest partly on the corresponding ends of the blocks 2 and partly on a bed of crushed gravel 7 resting itself on the ballast, which is referenced at 8.
  • a anti-contamination fabric 9 makes it possible to avoid mixing between said gravel 7 and the largest stones constituting the ballast.
  • the reference 10 represents a spacer consisting of a metal angle and connecting the block 2 to the block (not shown) which faces it on the other side of the axis of the track.
  • the support of the interior elements 3 on the blocks 2 it is produced by means of a sole of elastic material (for example made of neoprene) referenced at 11.
  • the support of the corresponding end of the element 3 on the block is not made over the entire surface of the sole 11, but only according to the reduced surface of a heel 12 extending parallel to the joint 4, which allows the corresponding element 3 to also pivot on the blochet.
  • the sole 11 lines the bottom of a cavity 13 formed in the underside of the element 3 concerned, this cavity being, by the choice of its dimensions in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, adapted to cover exactly the block 2 , so as to maintain said element 3 in these two directions.
  • the underside of each element 3 will have such a cavity 13 centrally and two half-cavities at its two ends, since at this location the elements will only cover half the width of the corresponding blocks, as we can see on examination of FIG. 2.
  • These cavities are limited parallel to the joint 4 by a drop or heel 14, which opposes the approaching of the element towards the rails and makes it possible to maintain a constant rut width.
  • the elements 3 thus being perfectly held horizontally in both directions, transverse and longitudinal, means are also provided on the side of the rails to prevent the elements from being lifted, both in their internal part, that is to say in the vicinity of the joint. 4, only in their outer part, that is to say in the vicinity of the corresponding rail 1.
  • adjustable spacing devices capable of acting between the core 1a of the rail and the corresponding edge 3a of the element.
  • An adjustable spacer device may for example comprise a bolt 15 carrying a lock nut 15a and screwed into a file sleeve tee (not shown) anchored in the edge 3a, the head of this bolt having a square part 16 making it possible to carry out the aforementioned adjustment by screwing, as well as an end, for example hemispherical, suitable for allowing the head of the bolt to pivot in a metal cup 17, the latter being fixed in an insulating seal 18 applied to the corresponding side of said core 1a of the rail.
  • the screwing of the bolt 15 by means of its square head 16 will make it possible to adjust the force capable of tightening the corresponding internal element 3 against the web 4b of the joint 4.
  • the axis along which the acting spreading force is exerted on the element 3 preferably passes above the bead 4a of the joint 4, this bead being moreover for this purpose arranged below the center line of the web 4b.
  • the different spacing devices make it possible to exert, on the interior elements 3, a torque tending to apply downwards their ends close to the joint 4, which is opposed to the forces which could tend to lift them in this part, for example during the passage of a train or after the passage of a road vehicle on the deck.
  • the devices capable of opposing such a lifting of the interior elements 3 of the decking at the opposite end, namely in the immediate vicinity of the rails they may comprise holding plates 19 fixed on the edges 3a, and one wing of which 19a is supported under the pad 16 of the rail 1. It may be a metal plate, but electrically insulated, for example by a coating of plastic material, so as to preserve the electrical insulation of the rail.
  • the plate 19 is visible in perspective and from below in Figure 3. It has, at its upper part, namely that which applies to the edge 3a of the element 3, a hole 20 through which the aforementioned bolt can pass 15, which ensures its subjection to said edge.
  • the interior elements 3 are each crossed by two rectangular section holes 21, slightly offset towards the outside with respect to the axis of the center of gravity of the element, and which allow, thanks to a bayonet wrench which there is engaged and which can be supported under their lower end, the correct handling and positioning of the elements, during installation and removal operations.
  • external elements preferably made of concrete, referenced at 25, which may have the same length as the interior elements 3 and be arranged opposite the latter, thus resting on a central block 2 and on the semi-width of the blocks 2 immediately adjacent.
  • any other configuration could be adopted, and in particular it is not to be excluded to choose lengths of external elements 25 greater than those of the internal elements 3.
  • Each external element 25 rests partially on the external end of the underlying blocks 2, this by means of a sole of elastic material 26, and partially on the shoe 1b of the corresponding rail, this by means of a elastic material pad 27.
  • the sole 26 lines the bottom of a cavity formed in the underside of said external elements 25, cavity closed towards the outside by a heel 28 and laterally by a drop 29.
  • Each cavity, via the sole 26, covers thus the corresponding end of the block, either on three sides if it is the central block, or on two sides if it is an extreme block, all in exactly the same way as the cavities 13 previously described interior elements 3 cover the opposite ends of said blocks 2.
  • the underside of the external elements 25 has, at this location, a slope such that this face is parallel to the portion of greatest thickness of the pad 16, which avoids over-stressing this pad and allows the use of a pad 27 of constant thickness.
  • clamping means capable of opposing positively the forces which could tend to cause an uplift of said elements.
  • These clamping means mainly comprise a stiffened plate 30 (see also FIG. 3) applied under the shoe 1b of the rail and comprising, at its inner end, on the one hand a flange 31 directed upwards and serving as a stop against the edge. corresponding to this shoe, which makes it possible to oppose the movement of the element 25 in the direction perpendicular to the track, that is to say towards the roadway 24, and on the other hand a notch 32 allowing the passage of the wing 19a of the retaining plate 19 mentioned above.
  • this stiffened plate 30 Towards its other end, this stiffened plate 30 has a rectangular opening 33 under which extends a recessed portion 34 of the sheet or an elastic piece added for example by welding, to hold the bolt head.
  • a rebate 30 ' of appropriate shape and depth, formed under the external element 25 concerned, makes it possible to facilitate the positioning of the stiffened plate 30 when it is put in place.
  • two stamped ribs are shown, serving to stiffen the plate 30.
  • a well 35 anchored in the concrete of the element 25. It suffices to thread a bolt to oblong head with cam 36 (or with collar square) in this well so that its head engages in the rectangular opening 33, this head being retained by the recess 34 in the case where the bolt escapes the operator, after which it suffices to rotate the quarter-turn bolt and to ensure its tightening, in a position such that its head then comes to apply under the edges of the opening 33.
  • the tightening of the cam bolt 36 can be ensured by a nut 37 tightened on a plate 38 integral with the well 35, this plate also being pierced with a rectangular hole.
  • this well can also serve as a passage for a key whose head could be supported behind the plate 38, to cooperate in the lifting of the corresponding element 25 during its installation or its removal.
  • Other rectangular holes having the same object have been referenced at 39 (see their locations in FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 4 which is a view of decking similar to that of FIG. 1, the same references were used, but increased by 40, to designate identical elements or parts of the decking, analogous or having the same function, respectively, as the corresponding elements or parts of the decking of Figure 1.
  • the interior elements are referenced 43 instead of 3
  • the exterior elements 65 instead of 25, etc.
  • FIG. 4 it is a deck intended to equip a track placed on one-piece concrete sleepers, referenced 50, themselves resting on a ballast 48.
  • the interior elements 43 rest here on ballast , instead of lying on a bed of gravel, as in the previous example.
  • the crosspieces 50 are considerably thicker than in their central part, which makes it possible to ensure, exactly as in the previous example, that the interior elements 43 can pivot slightly, as a function of the vertical constraints. to which they are subjected, on supports 52 similar to the supports 12 in FIG. 1; these are heels extending parallel to the seal 44, provided on midsoles 51 of elastomer.
  • the cavities 13 (limited on three sides) provided under the interior elements 3 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 are here recesses in the form of simple gutters 53 (limited laterally only on two sides) and suitable for cooperating in maintaining in place of the elements 43 against the forces which can be applied to them in the horizontal and longitudinal direction; in fact, the lateral fallout of these gutters 53 formed in the lower face of these elements 43 closely surround the corresponding cross member 50, which prevents any relative longitudinal displacement of the element relative to the cross member.
  • the interior elements 43 may also have a complementary arrangement similar to that which was mentioned above with regard to the elements 3, namely that their lower face can still be provided with transverse cavities at the locations overhanging the crosspieces, so that the ballast 48 does not transmit to the elements 43 the bending deformations undergone by the crosspieces, and, conversely, so that the vertical forces applying to the elements during the passage of the vehicles do not pass to the crosspieces.
  • Such cavities are only a few centimeters deep; in FIG. 4, the visible cavity of the element has been referenced at 80.
  • FIG. 4 shows yet another variant, concerning the shape of the cushion of elastic material 67, analogous and having the same role elsewhere than the cushion 27 of FIG. 1, this cushion 67 being located between the concrete sleepers 50.
  • This cushion 67 has a drop 67a, by means of which the outer element 65 can come into abutment against the outer edge of the shoe 41b of the rail.
  • the elements 65 can thus, during their installation, be automatically positioned with respect to the rails, and will then be perfectly held in place, against the horizontal forces which can be exerted on them in a direction transverse to the track. This provision is important, because the spacing to be provided between the mushroom of the rail 41 and the edge of the external element 65 is only a few millimeters.
  • These bars 81 can, as shown, be snapped resiliently on a dovetail profile 82 of the decking.
  • Still other variants relate to the production of the stiffened plates (referenced 30 in FIG. 1) by means of which the external elements are held in place against the forces which may tend to lift them.
  • stiffening ribs 31 ′ of FIG. 3 are replaced by folded edges at right angles, referenced 71 ′ in FIG. 5, the reference 73 designating the oblong hole (analogous to the rectangular opening 33) by which is intended to pass the head of the fixing bolt 76 ( Figure 4)
  • the tongue (analogous to the recessed part 34 of FIG. 3) located under the hole 73, and which is not visible in this FIG. 5, can advantageously be directed on the side of the rim 71, namely in the opposite direction relative to the recessed portions 34, this to prevent that, when the stiffened plate 70 is put in place (carried out by pushing the plate under the rail, from the inside to the outside), stones from the ballast do not get caught between this tab and the plate itself.
  • the tab in question could be welded under the plate, instead of being formed, as in the case of the recessed portion 34 of Figure 3, by the material from the punching of the opening.
  • this tongue could be elastic, which would make it possible to use bolts 76 with oblong head and square collar: after introduction of the head of the bolt into the hole 73, a thrust exerted on the bolt against the elastic force of the tongue could allow it to rotate a quarter of a turn, after which, the bolt being released, the tongue would push the bolt upwards, which would bring the square collar back into contact with the edges of the hole 73, and the bolt could no longer turn. This would avoid an accidental rotation of the bolt 76, for example as a result of a bad tightening of the nut 77, and therefore the risk of seeing its oblong head escape through the hole 73.
  • FIG. 6 shows the use of a tool for the establishment of the stiffened plates 70.
  • This tool consists of 'a handle 84 at the base of which is welded a fork with two branches 85 carrying at their ends legs welded at right angles 86.
  • the tool being positioned as indicated, its fork being introduced into the groove (see FIG. 4) between the rail 41 and the internal element 43, it suffices to subject its handle to a rotation in the vertical plane perpendicular to the track , in the direction of arrow f, so that its legs 86 push on the opposite ends 83 of the folded edges 71 ', the tool itself taking support on the other side of the rail by a tab curved towards the bottom 87.
  • the plate 70 can then pivot upwards, in the direction of the arrow f ′, by virtue of the hinge formed by the flange 71 bearing on the edge of the pad 41b of the rail.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of what has been called above "adjustable spacers", capable of acting between the rail soul and the corresponding edge of the interior elements.
  • the same references have been used to designate the same parts or elements as in FIG. 1, but increased by 90.
  • the threaded sleeve, anchored in the edge 93a of the inner element 93, is referenced 88.
  • the hexagonal head 106 of the bolt 105 which is screwed there is in abutment on a cushion 108 applied to the core 91a of the rail, by the through a rigid plate 107.
  • the lock nut 105a is blocked by screwing on the edge 93a of the internal element 93, by means of a Grower washer 89 and a flat washer 90.
  • a rigid jumper C between the nut 105 and the lock nut 105a which will have the effect of preventing internal unscrewing. pestive of the locknut by maintaining a constant rut width, while protecting the threads of the bolt 105 from the weather and dust.
  • a deck in accordance with the invention overcomes the drawbacks of existing decking, as described at the start.
  • a deck in accordance with the invention makes it possible to treat exactly the same way as in a standard track the locations of level crossings, the rails being able to be laid uniformly on the same type of blocks, sleepers or sills.
  • the installation of the decks will be easy, quick and economical, without requiring the intervention of handling equipment in the case where these would be prohibited.
  • the flexibility and homogeneity of the track will, in all cases, be preserved, and in addition the decking, while being excellently adapted to the current conditions of road traffic, will not be subjected to excessive stress coming from the track, due to the absence of any rigid connection between it and the interior or exterior elements of the decking.
  • the pivoting of the decking elements, in particular the interior elements may be caused by a compaction of the ballast located in the axis of the track, without variations in the support plane of the blocks or sleepers.
  • the decking will not be subjected to excessive stresses, in particular bending, and the track will also be able to keep its flexibility: there will be no significant interactions between the track and the decking.

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Abstract

1. A covering for a level crossing of the type comprising, between two rails (1 ; 41 ; 91) of a railway track laid on blocks (2) or monolithic sleepers (50) or longitudinals sleepers, at least two internal highway elements (3 ; 43 ; 93) or sets thereof disposed in facing relationship so as to be able to align themselves with one another and/or pivot slightly relatively to one another around an alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a ; 44a) disposed in their meeting plane, characterized in that at the end remote from the latter axis the internal elements (3 ; 43 ; 93) rest, preferably resiliently, on corresponding rests (12 ; 52) on the blocks (2), monolithic sleepers (50) or longitudinal sleepers so as to be able to pivot slightly on such rests (12 ; 52) around an axis substantially parallel to the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a ; 44a) ; adjustable spacing means (15 ; 55 ; 105) are provided between the rail web (1a ; 41a ; 91a) and the webs (3a ; 43a ; 93a) of those end faces of the internal elements (3 ; 43 ; 93) disposed at that end thereof remote from the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a ; 44a) ; the axes along which the spacing devices (15 ; 55 ; 105) are operative extend above the alignement and/or pivoting axis (4a ; 44a) ; and means (19 ; 59) are provided for retaining, against stresses tending to raise them, those of the said end faces which are remote from the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a ; 44a), the retaining means (19 ; 59) bearing on the rail feet (1b ; 41b ; 91b).

Description

La présente invention concerne un platelage de passage à niveau du type comportant, entre deux rails de voie ferrée posés sur des blochets, des traverses monobloc ou des longrines, au moins deux éléments intérieurs - ou ensembles d'éléments intérieurs - de chaussée disposés en regard, et ceci de sorte à pouvoir s'auto-aligner et/ou pivoter légèrement l'un par rapport à l'autre, autour d'un axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement situé dans leur plan de jonction.The present invention relates to a level crossing decking of the type comprising, between two rail tracks laid on blocks, one-piece sleepers or sills, at least two interior elements - or sets of interior elements - of roadway arranged opposite , and this so as to be able to self-align and / or pivot slightly with respect to each other, about an alignment and / or pivot axis located in their junction plane.

Par les documents DE-A-2 350 759 et FR-A-2 378 131, on connaît déjà de tels platelages, mais ils ne décrivent pas de moyens qui contribuent à éviter que le platelage soit soumis à des contraintes importantes et qu'il soit soulevé, soit lors du passage des trains, soit lors du passage de véhicules routiers lourds.By documents DE-A-2 350 759 and FR-A-2 378 131, such decking is already known, but they do not describe means which contribute to preventing the decking from being subjected to significant stresses and that it either raised, or when passing trains, or when passing heavy road vehicles.

L'un des buts de l'invention est de combler cette lacune.One of the aims of the invention is to fill this gap.

Un but de l'invention est également dé concevoir un platelage qui, moyennant certaines variantes de réalisation, puisse, tout en mettant en oeuvre des principes globalement identiques, être adapté à un montage sur des traverses de différentes natures, à savoir sur des traverses en béton à double blochet, ou sur des traverses en béton éventuellement précontraint (ces blochets ou traverses ayant de plus en plus tendance à remplacer les anciennes traverses en bois), ou encore sur des longrines en béton, ou même encore sur des traverses en bois.An object of the invention is also to design a deck which, by means of certain variant embodiments, can, while implementing generally identical principles, be suitable for mounting on sleepers of different natures, namely on sleepers in double-block concrete, or on possibly prestressed concrete sleepers (these blocks or sleepers increasingly tending to replace old wooden sleepers), or on concrete sleepers, or even on wooden sleepers.

Un autre but de l'invention sera de permettre la réalisation de tels platelages en tout matériau approprié, notamment en béton, et sous la forme de panneaux assemblés d'un poids relativement réduit, permettant leur maniement manuel, c'est-à-dire sans l'aide d'appareils de levage particuliers.Another object of the invention will be to allow the production of such decks in any suitable material, in particular concrete, and in the form of assembled panels of relatively low weight, allowing their manual handling, that is to say without using special lifting devices.

Encore un autre but de l'invention sera de faire en sorte que les déformations des rails au passage des trains ne se transmettent pas au platelage et ne le soumettent donc pas à des contraintes.Yet another object of the invention will be to ensure that the deformations of the rails when passing trains do not transmit to the decking and therefore do not subject it to stresses.

Pour atteindre tous ces buts, un platelage de passage à niveau est, conformément à l'invention, essentiellement caractérisé en ce qu'à l'opposé dudit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement, lesdits éléments intérieurs reposent, de préférence élastiquement, sur des appuis correspondants des blochets, traverses monobloc ou longrines, et ceci de manière à pouvoir pivoter légèrement sur ces appuis, autour d'un axe essentiellement parallèle audit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement, en ce que sont prévus des dispositifs d'écartement réglables entre l'âme des rails et ceux des chants des éléments intérieurs qui sont situés à l'opposé dudit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement, en ce que les axes selon lesquels agissent lesdits dispositifs d'écartement passent au-dessus dudit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement et en ce que sont prévus des dispositifs de maintien, à l'encontre de sollicitations pouvant tendre à les soulever, de ceux des chants desdits éléments intérieurs qui sont situés à l'opposé dudit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement, ces dispositifs de maintien prenant appui sous les patins desdits rails.To achieve all of these goals, a level crossing platform is, in accordance with the invention, essentially characterized in that, opposite said alignment and / or pivot axis, said interior elements rest, preferably elastically, on corresponding supports of the blocks, one-piece sleepers or sills, and this so as to be able to pivot slightly on these supports, around an axis essentially parallel to said alignment and / or pivot axis, in that devices are provided. adjustable spacing between the core of the rails and those of the edges of the interior elements which are situated opposite said alignment and / or pivot axis, in that the axes along which said spacing devices pass through. above said alignment and / or pivot axis and in that there are provided holding devices, against stresses which may tend to lift them, of those of the edges of said interior elements which are located at the o opposite said alignment and / or pivot axis, these holding devices bearing under the pads of said rails.

En principe, ces appuis des éléments intérieurs sur les blochets, longrines, ou traverses monobloc, seront réalisés par l'intermédiaire d'une semelle élastique constituée d'un matériau approprié.In principle, these supports of the interior elements on the blocks, stringers, or one-piece sleepers, will be produced by means of an elastic sole made of an appropriate material.

Cette disposition contribuera à éviter que le platelage soit soumis à des contraintes importantes, sôit lors du passage des trains sur la voie, soit lors du passage de véhicules routiers lourds sur la chaussée.This arrangement will help prevent the decking from being subjected to significant stress, either when trains are passing over the track, or when heavy road vehicles are passing over the road.

Quant aux dispositifs d'écartement réglable, ils permettront de soumettre si nécessaire les éléments intérieurs du platelage à un couple tendant à solliciter leur partie centrale vers le bas, ce couple s'opposant alors à tout risque de soulèvement des éléments, soit lors du passage d'un train sur la voie, soit par suite du passage d'un véhicule routier sur la chaussée.As for the adjustable spacing devices, they will allow the interior elements of the decking to be subjected if necessary to a torque tending to urge their central part downwards, this couple then opposing any risk of lifting of the elements, either during passage of a train on the track, or as a result of the passage of a road vehicle on the roadway.

De préférence, selon l'invention, ledit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement sera parallèle ou pratiquement parallèle aux rails, situé au moins approximativement dans le plan vertical médian de la voie, et en outre commun aux différents ensembles d'éléments intérieurs, ceci pour réaliser effectivement leur alignement et leur mise à niveau.Preferably, according to the invention, said alignment and / or pivot axis will be parallel or practically parallel to the rails, located at least approximately in the vertical median plane of the track, and also common to the various sets of interior elements. , this to effectively achieve their alignment and leveling.

Selon une autre caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, il sera avantageux de prévoir un axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement matérialisé par un joint élastique comprenant ou bourrelet dont les deux moitiés sont logées respectivement dans deux gorges complémentaires se faisant face, ménagées dans les chants en regard de deux éléments intérieurs.According to another preferred characteristic of the invention, it will be advantageous to provide an alignment and / or pivot axis materialized by an elastic seal comprising or bead, the two halves of which are housed respectively in two complementary grooves facing each other, formed in the songs opposite two interior elements.

Ledit joint pourra en outre comprendre, partant de part et d'autre dudit bourrelet, un voile séparateur s'étendant selon essentiellement toute l'épaisseur desdits éléments intérieurs, et de préférence l'épaisseur de ce voile ira en augmentant de son extrémité supérieure à son extrémité inférieure, ceci pour une raison qui sera mieux vue par la suite. Toutefois, cette disposition n'est pas absolument indispensable: il est tout à fait possible d'utiliser un joint dont le voile soit d'épaisseur constante.Said seal may also comprise, starting on either side of said bead, a separating veil extending along essentially the entire thickness of said interior elements, and preferably the thickness of this veil will increase from its upper end to its lower end, for a reason which will be better seen later. However, this arrangement is not absolutely essential: it is quite possible to use a seal with a web of constant thickness.

Dans le cas de rails posés sur des blochets ou des traverses, lesdits éléments intérieurs du platelage de l'invention pourront encore se caracté- risér en ce que leur face inférieure présente, du côté opposé audit axe d'alignement et/ou de pivotement, un évidement propre à encadrer le blochet ou la traverse correspondante, et à assurer ainsi le maintien desdits éléments vis-à-vis des sollicitations horizontales et longitudinales.In the case of rails placed on blocks or sleepers, said interior elements of the decking of the invention may also be characterized in that their underside has, on the side opposite to said alignment and / or pivot axis, a recess suitable for framing the block or the corresponding crosspiece, and thus ensuring the maintenance of said elements vis-à-vis the horizontal and longitudinal stresses.

Dans le cas de voies posées sur blochets, ces évidements seront en fait des cavités délimitées sur trois côtés, et qui coifferont alors chacune le blochet correspondant, permettant ainsi un maintien supplémentaire des éléments intérieurs en position vis-à-vis des sollicitations horizontales transversales.In the case of tracks placed on blocks, these recesses will in fact be cavities delimited on three sides, and which will then each cover the corresponding block, thus allowing additional maintenance of the interior elements in position with respect to horizontal transverse stresses.

Selon une disposition préférentielle, l'invention concerne par ailleurs la réalisation des parties du platelage extérieures à la voie, cette réalisation faisant globalement appel aux mêmes principes constructifs que celle de la partie intérieure à la voie.According to a preferential arrangement, the invention also relates to the production of the parts of the decking external to the track, this realization generally calling upon the same constructive principles as that of the part internal to the track.

Sous cet aspect, un platelage conforme à la présente invention pourra encore être caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, à l'extérieur de rails de voie ferrée posés sur des blochets, des traverses ou des longrines, et de part et d'autre de la voie, au moins un élément extérieur - ou ensemble d'éléments extérieurs - de chaussée, en appui d'une part sur le patin de rail correspondant ou une pièce en faisant fonction, et d'autre part sur la partie extérieure de la surface supérieure du blochet, traverse ou longrine.In this aspect, a deck in accordance with the present invention may also be characterized in that it comprises, outside of rail tracks laid on blocks, sleepers or sills, and on either side of the track, at least one external element - or set of external elements - of the road, bearing on the one hand on the corresponding rail pad or a part acting thereon, and on the other hand on the external part of the surface top of the block, cross member or sill.

Dans le cas où les rails sont posés sur des blochets ou des traverses, ou pourra encore utiliser cette disposition pour obtenir un calage des éléments extérieurs vis-à-vis de sollicitations horizontales transversales et/ou longitudinales auxquelles ils peuvent être soumis.In the case where the rails are placed on blocks or sleepers, or may also use this arrangement to obtain a wedging of the external elements with respect to horizontal transverse and / or longitudinal stresses to which they may be subjected.

A cet effet, lesdits éléments extérieurs du platelage pourront encore se caractériser en ce qu'à leur partie extérieure, leur face inférieure présente une cavité propre à coiffer, là encore en principe avec interposition d'une semelle souple appropriée, l'extrémité du blochet ou de la traverse correspondante.To this end, said external elements of the decking can also be characterized in that at their external part, their lower face has a cavity suitable for covering, here again in principle with the interposition of an appropriate flexible sole, the end of the block or the corresponding crosspiece.

Pour éviter également le soulèvement des éléments extérieurs, le platelage pourra encore être caractérisé en ce que sont prévus des moyens de serrage propres à appliquer lesdits éléments extérieurs contre le patin du rail correspondant ou une pièce en faisant fonction d'une part, et contre les blochets, traverses ou longrines d'autre part.To also avoid lifting of the external elements, the decking can also be characterized in that there are provided clamping means suitable for applying said external elements against the corresponding rail pad or a part acting on the one hand, and against blocks, sleepers or sills on the other hand.

On pourra utiliser tous moyens de serrage appropriés, mais, selon une disposition préférentielle de l'invention, on pourra prévoir que lesdits moyens de serrage comprennent principalement une plaque raidie en appui à la fois sous le patin de rail ou une pièce en faisant fonction et sous l'élément extérieur concerné, et un boulon à tête oblongue à came ou à collet carré, traversant l'élément, dont la tête passe dans une ouverture allongée de ladite plaque, et qui est mis sous tension par un écrou vissé sur lui et en appui sur une pièce solidaire dudit élément.Any suitable clamping means may be used, but, according to a preferred arrangement of the invention, provision may be made for said clamping means mainly to comprise a stiffened plate bearing both under the rail pad or a part acting as a function and under the external element concerned, and an oblong head bolt with cam or square collar, passing through the element, the head of which passes through an elongated opening of the said plate, and which is tensioned by a nut screwed on it and resting on a part integral with said element.

L'extrémité de cette plaque située à l'opposé de l'ouverture allongée sera avantageusement rabattue sur le patin du rail, de préférence sous un angle aigu, de manière à trouver un appui contre la face intérieure de ce patin, appui qui s'opposera aux mouvements tendant à écarter de la voie l'élément extérieur concerné du platelage.The end of this plate located opposite the elongated opening will advantageously be folded down on the shoe of the rail, preferably at an acute angle, so as to find a support against the inside face of this shoe, support which is oppose the movements tending to separate from the track the external element concerned from the decking.

Ce pliage de l'extrémité de la plaque préférentiellement selon un angle aigu a d'ailleurs une autre utilité lors de la mise en place, comme ceci sera mieux vu par la suite, à l'aide du dessin.This folding of the end of the plate preferably at an acute angle also has another utility during the establishment, as will be better seen later, using the drawing.

Une feuillure, de forme et de profondeur appropriées, aménagée sous l'élément extérieur concerné, facilitera le positionnement de la plaque raidie au moment de sa mise en place.A rebate, of appropriate shape and depth, arranged under the external element concerned, will facilitate the positioning of the stiffened plate when it is put in place.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages d'un platelage conforme à la présente invention ressortiront à la lecture de l'exemple donné ci-dessous d'un mode de réalisation illustratif de l'invention, avec référence aux figures du dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue partiellement en coupe et partiellement de profil d'un platelage conforme à l'invention, notamment en béton posé sur des blochets, selon la ligne 1-1 de la figure 2;
  • - la figure 2 est une vue partielle en plan du platelage de la figure 1;
  • - la figure 3 représente une vue de détail en perspective de dessous du dispositif de maintien des chants extérieurs des éléments intérieurs du platelage, ainsi que de la plaque raidie mentionnée plus haut;
  • - la figure 4 représente, dans une vue analogue à celle de la figure 1, une variante de réalisation d'un platelage conforme à la présente invention, adaptée au cas d'une voie posée sur des traverses en béton monobloc et sans utilisation d'un lit de gravillons;
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en perspective montrant une variante de réalisation d'une plaque raidie pouvant servir également au maintien horizontal et vertical d'un élément extérieur;
  • - la figure 6 est une vue partielle représentant en perspective, en cours d'utilisation, un outil utilisable lors de la mise en place de la plaque raidie de la figure 5; et
  • - la figure 7 est une vue partielle représentant en perspective une variante de réalisation des dispositifs d'écartement réglables, utilisables entre l'âme des rails et les chants en regard des éléments intérieurs.
Other characteristics and advantages of a deck in accordance with the present invention will emerge on reading the example given below of an illustrative embodiment of the invention, with reference to the figures in the appended drawing in which:
  • - Figure 1 is a partially sectional and partially profile view of a decking according to the invention, in particular concrete placed on blocks, along line 1-1 of Figure 2;
  • - Figure 2 is a partial plan view of the deck of Figure 1;
  • - Figure 3 shows a detailed perspective view from below of the device for holding the outer edges of the inner elements of the deck, as well as the stiffened plate mentioned above;
  • - Figure 4 shows, in a view similar to that of Figure 1, an alternative embodiment of a deck according to the present invention, suitable for the case of a track laid on one-piece concrete sleepers and without the use of a bed of gravel;
  • - Figure 5 is a perspective view showing an alternative embodiment of a stiffened plate which can also be used for horizontal and vertical holding of an external element;
  • - Figure 6 is a partial view showing in perspective, in use, a tool usable during the establishment of the stiffened plate of Figure 5; and
  • - Figure 7 is a partial view showing in perspective an alternative embodiment of the adjustable spacing devices, usable between the core of the rails and the edges facing the interior elements.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a référencé en 1 l'un des deux rails, de forme classique, d'une voie ferrée posée sur des traverses en béton à double blochet. Les blochets supportant l'un des rails 1 ont été référencés en 2 sur la figure 2, un seul de ces blochets étant visible sur la figure 1.In FIGS. 1 and 2, one of the two rails, of conventional shape, of a railway track placed on concrete sleepers with double block has been referenced at 1. The blocks supporting one of the rails 1 have been referenced at 2 in FIG. 2, only one of these blocks being visible in FIG. 1.

Dans tout ce qui suit, on ne décrira pratiquement qu'une moitié du platelage, celle relative au seul rail visible sur les figures, étant donné bien entendu que l'autre moitié d.u platelage pourra être totalement symétrique à celle qui sera décrite.In all that follows, practically only half of the decking will be described, that relating to the single rail visible in the figures, given of course that the other half of the decking may be completely symmetrical to that which will be described.

Les éléments intérieurs du platelage, de préférence en béton, sont référencés en 3. Il sont disposés selon deux files ou ensembles d'éléments alignés le long du rail, les deux ensembles étant séparés par un joint médian en matière élastique, référencé en 4.The interior elements of the decking, preferably made of concrete, are referenced in 3. They are arranged in two rows or sets of elements aligned along the rail, the two assemblies being separated by a median seal in elastic material, referenced in 4.

Ce joint 4 est commun aux deux ensembles d'éléments intérieurs 3, et il permet ainsi d'assurer leur parfait alignement les uns par rapport aux autres en direction transversale et verticalement, ce qui permet de mettre tous les éléments 3 du platelage au même niveau.This joint 4 is common to the two sets of interior elements 3, and it thus ensures their perfect alignment with respect to each other in the transverse direction and vertically, which makes it possible to put all the elements 3 of the decking at the same level. .

Pour éviter que ledit joint 4 subisse des efforts de cisaillement excessifs au niveau des jonctions, on fait en sorte, comme ceci est bien visible dans la figure 2, que les éléments intérieurs 3 d'un des ensembles soient décalés, dans la direction de la voie, d'une demi-longueur par rapport aux éléments intérieurs 3 de l'autre ensemble. En d'autre termes, la jonction transversale entre deux éléments intérieurs consécutifs 3 de chaque ensemble s'effectue au milieu de la longueur d'un élément 3 de l'autre ensemble. Au niveau de cette jonction transversale, deux éléments intérieurs 3 consécutifs d'un même ensemble sont séparés par des joints, lesquels sont référencés en 5 sur la figure 2.To avoid that said joint 4 undergoes excessive shearing forces at the junctions, it is ensured, as is clearly visible in FIG. 2, that the interior elements 3 of one of the assemblies are offset, in the direction of the track, half a length with respect to the interior elements 3 of the other assembly. In other words, the transverse junction between two consecutive interior elements 3 of each set takes place in the middle of the length of an element 3 of the other set. At this transverse junction, two consecutive interior elements 3 of the same assembly are separated by seals, which are referenced at 5 in FIG. 2.

Il est à noter que le décalage des éléments intérieurs d'une demi-longueur dans la direction de la voie présente également l'avantage très important d'une coopération efficace avec les moyens déjà prévus pour éviter un soulèvement de ces éléments intérieurs, notamment lors du passage de véhicules lourds. En effet, chaque élément d'un des ensembles est empêché de se soulever par les deux éléments de l'autre ensemble qui le chevauchent et ainsi de suite de proche en proche, de sorte que les éléments se maintiennent tous mutuellement et s'opposent tous aux efforts qui pourraient tendre à soulever l'un deux. On voit donc que le joint central a.le triple effet de maintenir les éléments intérieurs en place et de s'opposer aux efforts s'exerçant sur les éléments verticalement, longitudinalement (effet de frottement sur le joint) et transversalement (résistance du joint à l'écrasement).It should be noted that the offset of the interior elements by half a length in the direction of the track also has the very important advantage of effective cooperation with the means already provided to avoid lifting of these interior elements, especially during the passage of heavy vehicles. Indeed, each element of one of the sets is prevented from being lifted by the two elements of the other set which overlap it and so on, step by step, so that the elements all maintain each other and all oppose to the efforts which might tend to raise one of them. It can therefore be seen that the central joint has the triple effect of holding the interior elements in place and of opposing the forces exerted on the elements vertically, longitudinally (friction effect on the joint) and transversely (resistance of the joint to the crash).

Comme on le voit également sur la vue en plan de la figure 2, la longueur des éléments 3 est égale au double de la distance qui sépare les axes de deux blochets consécutifs 2. Ceci étant, bien entendu, leur épaisseur sera déterminée à la fois en fonction du type de rails équipant la voie et en fonction des charges par essieu admissibles pour les véhicules destinés à circuler sur le passage. Tout en respectant les conditions ainsi imposées, on pourra encore faire en sorte que le poids unitaire des éléments 3 soit suffisamment réduit pour qu'ils puissent être manutentionnés à la main, sans engin de levage particulier.As can also be seen in the plan view of FIG. 2, the length of the elements 3 is twice the distance between the axes of two consecutive blocks 2. This being, of course, their thickness will be determined at the same time as a function of the type of rails fitted to the track and as a function of the permissible axle loads for vehicles intended to travel on the passage. While respecting the conditions thus imposed, it will also be possible to ensure that the unit weight of the elements 3 is sufficiently reduced so that they can be handled by hand, without any particular lifting device.

Pour la réalisation des différents alignements et mise à niveau des éléments intérieurs 3, le joint 4 précité comprend, comme partie essentielle, un bourrelet cylindrique 4a dont les deux moitiés sont logées respectivement dans deux gorges complémentaires 6, se faisant face, ménagées dans les chants en regard desdits éléments 3, ces dispositions permettant, selon une caractéristique particulièrement importante de l'invention, qu'un élément 3 d'un des ensembles d'éléments puisse pivoter légèrement par rapport aux deux moitiés d'éléments 3 qui lui font face dans l'autre ensemble d'éléments, ceci afin de réduire considérablement les contraintes de flexion auxquelles la partie centrale du platelage sera soumise, lors du passage des véhicules routiers.For the realization of the different alignments and leveling of the interior elements 3, the aforementioned seal 4 comprises, as an essential part, a cylindrical bead 4a, the two halves of which are housed respectively in two complementary grooves 6, facing each other, formed in the edges opposite said elements 3, these provisions allowing, according to a particularly important characteristic of the invention, that an element 3 of one of the sets of elements can pivot slightly relative to the two halves of elements 3 which face it in the other set of elements, this in order to considerably reduce the bending stresses to which the central part of the decking will be subjected, during the passage of road vehicles.

Une autre caractéristique du joint 4 réside dans le fait qu'il comprend, de part et d'autre du bourrelet précité 4a, un voile séparateur 4b s'étendant essentiellement selon toute l'épaisseur des éléments 3, ce voile 4b ayant, quant à lui, une épaisseur allant en augmentant linéairement de son extrémité supérieure à son extrémité inférieure. Cette caractéristique est également nettement visible sur la figure 1. L'épaisseur plus importante de la partie du voile 4b située au-dessous du bourrelet 4a lui permettra d'encaisser des efforts de compression plus importants, notamment lors du passage des trains, les extrémités des éléments intérieurs 3 opposées au joint 4 subissant alors en effet un déplacement vers le bas, comme suite à la flèche subie par les rails 1. Cependant, il reste tout à fait possible d'utiliser un joint à voile 4b d'épaisseur constante.Another characteristic of the seal 4 lies in the fact that it comprises, on either side of the aforementioned bead 4a, a separating veil 4b extending essentially along the entire thickness of the elements 3, this veil 4b having, as for it, a thickness going linearly increasing from its upper end to its lower end. This characteristic is also clearly visible in FIG. 1. The greater thickness of the part of the veil 4b situated below the bead 4a will allow it to withstand greater compression forces, in particular during the passage of the trains, the ends interior elements 3 opposite to the joint 4 then undergoing indeed a downward displacement, as a result of the arrow undergone by the rails 1. However, it remains entirely possible to use a sail joint 4b of constant thickness.

Comme cela est encore visible sur la figure 1, les éléments intérieurs 3 reposent en partie sur les extrémités correspondantes des blochets 2 et en partie sur un lit réglé de gravillons concassés 7 reposant lui-même sur le ballast, lequel est référencé en 8. Un tissu anticontaminant 9 permet d'éviter un mélange entre lesdits gravillons 7 et les plus gros cailloux constituant le ballast. La référence 10 représente une entretoise constituée d'une cornière métallique et reliant le blochet 2 au blochet (non représenté) qui lui fait face de l'autre côté de l'axe de la voie.As is still visible in FIG. 1, the interior elements 3 rest partly on the corresponding ends of the blocks 2 and partly on a bed of crushed gravel 7 resting itself on the ballast, which is referenced at 8. A anti-contamination fabric 9 makes it possible to avoid mixing between said gravel 7 and the largest stones constituting the ballast. The reference 10 represents a spacer consisting of a metal angle and connecting the block 2 to the block (not shown) which faces it on the other side of the axis of the track.

Quant à l'appui des éléments intérieurs 3 sur les blochets 2, il est réalisé par l'intermédiaire d'une semelle de matière élastique (par exemple en néoprène) référencée en 11. L'appui de l'extrémité correspondante de l'élément 3 sur le blochet n'est pas réalisé selon toute la surface de la semelle 11, mais seulement selon la surface réduite d'un talon 12 s'étendant parallèlement au joint 4, ce qui permet à l'élément 3 correspondant de pivoter également sur le blochet.As for the support of the interior elements 3 on the blocks 2, it is produced by means of a sole of elastic material (for example made of neoprene) referenced at 11. The support of the corresponding end of the element 3 on the block is not made over the entire surface of the sole 11, but only according to the reduced surface of a heel 12 extending parallel to the joint 4, which allows the corresponding element 3 to also pivot on the blochet.

La semelle 11 tapisse le fond d'une cavité 13 ménagée dans la face inférieure de l'élément 3 intéressé, cette cavité étant, par le choix de ses dimensions dans la direction longitudinale et dans la direction transversale, adaptée à coiffer exactement le blochet 2, de sorte à maintenir ledit élément 3 dans ces deux directions. La face inférieure de chaque élément 3 comportera une telle cavité 13 centralement et deux demi-cavités à ses deux extrémités, puisqu'à cet emplacement les éléments ne recouvriront qu'une moitié de la largeur des blochets correspondants, comme on s'en rend compte à l'examen de la figure 2. Ces cavités sont limitées parallèlement au joint 4 par une retombée ou talon 14, qui s'oppose au rapprochement de l'élément vers les rails et permet de maintenir une largeur d'ornière constante.The sole 11 lines the bottom of a cavity 13 formed in the underside of the element 3 concerned, this cavity being, by the choice of its dimensions in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, adapted to cover exactly the block 2 , so as to maintain said element 3 in these two directions. The underside of each element 3 will have such a cavity 13 centrally and two half-cavities at its two ends, since at this location the elements will only cover half the width of the corresponding blocks, as we can see on examination of FIG. 2. These cavities are limited parallel to the joint 4 by a drop or heel 14, which opposes the approaching of the element towards the rails and makes it possible to maintain a constant rut width.

Les éléments 3 étant ainsi parfaitement maintenus horizontalement dans les deux directions, transversale et longitudinale, des moyens sont encore prévus du côté des rails pour éviter le soulèvement des éléments, tant dans leur partie intérieure, c'est-à-dire au voisinage du joint 4, que dans leur partie extérieure, c'est-à-dire au voisinage du rail correspondant 1.The elements 3 thus being perfectly held horizontally in both directions, transverse and longitudinal, means are also provided on the side of the rails to prevent the elements from being lifted, both in their internal part, that is to say in the vicinity of the joint. 4, only in their outer part, that is to say in the vicinity of the corresponding rail 1.

Ces moyens comprennent tout d'abord des dispositifs d'écartement réglables, propres à agir entre l'âme 1a du rail et le chant correspondant 3a de l'élément.These means first of all comprise adjustable spacing devices, capable of acting between the core 1a of the rail and the corresponding edge 3a of the element.

Un dispositif d'écartement réglable peut comprendre par exemple un boulon 15 portant un contre-écrou 15a et vissé dans une chemise filetée (non représentée) ancrée dans le chante 3a, la tête de ce boulon présentant une partie carrée 16 permettant d'effectuer le réglage précité par vissage, ainsi qu'une extrémité, par exemple hémisphérique, propre à permettre à la tête du boulon de pivoter dans une coupelle métallique 17, cette dernière étant fixée dans un joint isolant 18 appliqué sur le côté correspondant de ladite âme 1a du rail.An adjustable spacer device may for example comprise a bolt 15 carrying a lock nut 15a and screwed into a file sleeve tee (not shown) anchored in the edge 3a, the head of this bolt having a square part 16 making it possible to carry out the aforementioned adjustment by screwing, as well as an end, for example hemispherical, suitable for allowing the head of the bolt to pivot in a metal cup 17, the latter being fixed in an insulating seal 18 applied to the corresponding side of said core 1a of the rail.

Le vissage du boulon 15 par l'intermédiaire de sa tête carrée 16 permettra de régler la force apte à serrer l'élément intérieur correspondant 3 contre le voile 4b du joint 4. L'axe selon lequel s'exerce la force d'écartement agissant sur l'élément 3 passe de préférence au-dessus du bourrelet 4a du joint 4, ce bourrelet étant d'ailleurs à cet effet disposé au-dessous de la ligne médiane du voile 4b.The screwing of the bolt 15 by means of its square head 16 will make it possible to adjust the force capable of tightening the corresponding internal element 3 against the web 4b of the joint 4. The axis along which the acting spreading force is exerted on the element 3 preferably passes above the bead 4a of the joint 4, this bead being moreover for this purpose arranged below the center line of the web 4b.

De la sorte, les différents dispositifs d'écartement permettent d'exercer, sur les éléments intérieurs 3, un couple tendant à appliquer vers le bas leurs extrémités proches du joint 4, ce qui s'oppose aux forces qui pourraient tendre à les soulever dans cette partie, par exemple lors du passage d'un train ou après le passage d'un véhicule routier sur le platelage.In this way, the different spacing devices make it possible to exert, on the interior elements 3, a torque tending to apply downwards their ends close to the joint 4, which is opposed to the forces which could tend to lift them in this part, for example during the passage of a train or after the passage of a road vehicle on the deck.

Quant aux dispositifs propres à s'opposer à un tel soulèvement des éléments intérieurs 3 du platelage à l'extrémité opposée, à savoir à proximité immédiate des rails, ils peuvent comprendre des plaques de maintien 19 fixées sur les chants 3a, et dont une aile 19a prend appui sous le patin 16 du rail 1. Il peut s'agir d'une plaque métallique, mais électriquement isolée, par exemple par un enrobage de matière plastique, de sorte à préserver l'isolation électrique du rail. La plaque 19 est visible en perspective et de dessous sur la figure 3. Elle présente, à sa partie supérieure, à savoir celle qui s'applique sur le chant 3a de l'élément 3, un trou 20 par lequel peut passer le boulon précité 15, ce qui assure son assujettissement audit chant.As for the devices capable of opposing such a lifting of the interior elements 3 of the decking at the opposite end, namely in the immediate vicinity of the rails, they may comprise holding plates 19 fixed on the edges 3a, and one wing of which 19a is supported under the pad 16 of the rail 1. It may be a metal plate, but electrically insulated, for example by a coating of plastic material, so as to preserve the electrical insulation of the rail. The plate 19 is visible in perspective and from below in Figure 3. It has, at its upper part, namely that which applies to the edge 3a of the element 3, a hole 20 through which the aforementioned bolt can pass 15, which ensures its subjection to said edge.

Enfin, les éléments intérieurs 3 sont traversés chacun par deux trous à section rectangulaire 21, légèrement décalés vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe du centre de gravité de l'élément, et qui permettent, grâce à une clé à baionnette qui y est engagée et qui peut prendre appui sous leur extrémité inférieure, la manutention et le positionnement correct des éléments, lors des opérations de pose et de dépose.Finally, the interior elements 3 are each crossed by two rectangular section holes 21, slightly offset towards the outside with respect to the axis of the center of gravity of the element, and which allow, thanks to a bayonet wrench which there is engaged and which can be supported under their lower end, the correct handling and positioning of the elements, during installation and removal operations.

Quant à la référence 22, elle désigne une encoche partant du chant 3a et ménageant un logement pour les écrous 23 de fixation des rails sur les blochets.As for the reference 22, it designates a notch starting from the edge 3a and providing a housing for the nuts 23 for fixing the rails to the blocks.

Pour ce qui est maintenant de la partie du platelage extérieure à la voie et s'étendant par conséquent entre les rails 1 et la chaussée 24, elle est constituée d'éléments extérieurs, de préférence en béton, référencés en 25, qui pourront avoir la même longueur que les éléments intérieurs 3 et être disposés en face de ces derniers, reposant ainsi sur un blochet central 2 et sur la demilargeur des blochets 2 immédiatement voisins. On pourrait cependant adopter toute autre configuration, et notamment il n'est pas à exclure de choisir des longueurs d'éléments extérieurs 25 supérieures à celles des éléments intérieurs 3.As for the part of the decking external to the track and consequently extending between the rails 1 and the roadway 24, it is made up of external elements, preferably made of concrete, referenced at 25, which may have the same length as the interior elements 3 and be arranged opposite the latter, thus resting on a central block 2 and on the semi-width of the blocks 2 immediately adjacent. However, any other configuration could be adopted, and in particular it is not to be excluded to choose lengths of external elements 25 greater than those of the internal elements 3.

Chaque élément extérieur 25 repose partiellement sur l'extrémité extérieure des blochets 2 sous-jacents, ceci par l'intermédiaire d'une semelle de matière élastique 26, et partiellement sur le patin 1b du rail correspondant, ceci par l'intermédiaire d'un coussinet de matière élastique 27.Each external element 25 rests partially on the external end of the underlying blocks 2, this by means of a sole of elastic material 26, and partially on the shoe 1b of the corresponding rail, this by means of a elastic material pad 27.

La semelle 26 tapisse le fond d'une cavité ménagée dans la face inférieure desdits éléments extérieurs 25, cavité fermée vers l'extérieur par un talon 28 et latéralement par une retombée 29. Chaque cavité, par l'intermédiaire de la semelle 26, coiffe ainsi l'extrémité correspondante du blochet, soit sur trois côtés s'il s'agit du blochet central, soit sur deux côtés s'il s'agit d'un blochet extrême, le tout exactement de la même manière que les cavités 13 précédemment décrites des éléments intérieurs 3 coiffent les extrémités opposées desdits blochets 2.The sole 26 lines the bottom of a cavity formed in the underside of said external elements 25, cavity closed towards the outside by a heel 28 and laterally by a drop 29. Each cavity, via the sole 26, covers thus the corresponding end of the block, either on three sides if it is the central block, or on two sides if it is an extreme block, all in exactly the same way as the cavities 13 previously described interior elements 3 cover the opposite ends of said blocks 2.

Quant aux coussinets 27, pour ne pas gêner les moyens de fixation des rails sur le blochet, ils sont disposés entre les blochets, comme ceci est visible sur la vue en plan de la figure 2. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 1, la face inférieure des éléments extérieurs 25 possède, à cet emplacement, une pente telle que cette face est parallèle à la partie de plus grande épaisseur du patin 16, ce qui évite de trop solliciter ce patin et permet d'utiliser un coussinet 27 d'épaisseur constante.As for the bearings 27, so as not to interfere with the means for fixing the rails to the block, they are arranged between the blocks, as can be seen in the plan view of FIG. 2. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the underside of the external elements 25 has, at this location, a slope such that this face is parallel to the portion of greatest thickness of the pad 16, which avoids over-stressing this pad and allows the use of a pad 27 of constant thickness.

Pour le maintien des éléments extérieurs 25 en application contre le blochet et contre le patin de rail, on prévoit des moyens de serrage aptes à s'opposer positivement aux forces qui pourraient tendre à provoquer un soulèvement desdits éléments.To hold the external elements 25 in application against the block and against the rail shoe, provision is made for clamping means capable of opposing positively the forces which could tend to cause an uplift of said elements.

Ces moyens de serrage comprennent principalement une plaque raidie 30 (voir également la figure 3) appliquée sous le patin 1b du rail et comportant, à son extrémité intérieure, d'une part un rebord 31 dirigé vers le haut et servant de butée contre le bord correspondant de ce patin, ce qui permet de s'opposer au déplacement de l'élément 25 dans le sens perpendiculaire à la voie, c'est-à-dire vers la chaussée 24, et d'autre part une encoche 32 permettant le passage de l'aile 19a de la plaque de maintien 19 mentionnée plus haut. Vers son autre extrémité, cette plaque raidie 30 présente une ouverture rectangulaire 33 sous laquelle s'étend une partie en décrochement 34 de la tôle ou une pièce élastique rapportée par exemple par soudure, pour maintenir la tête de boulon. Une feuillure 30', de forme et de profondeur appropriées, ménagée sous l'élément extérieur 25 concerné, permet de faciliter le positionnement de la plaque raidie 30 au moment de sa mise en place. En 31', on a représenté deux nervures embouties, servant à raidir la plaque 30.These clamping means mainly comprise a stiffened plate 30 (see also FIG. 3) applied under the shoe 1b of the rail and comprising, at its inner end, on the one hand a flange 31 directed upwards and serving as a stop against the edge. corresponding to this shoe, which makes it possible to oppose the movement of the element 25 in the direction perpendicular to the track, that is to say towards the roadway 24, and on the other hand a notch 32 allowing the passage of the wing 19a of the retaining plate 19 mentioned above. Towards its other end, this stiffened plate 30 has a rectangular opening 33 under which extends a recessed portion 34 of the sheet or an elastic piece added for example by welding, to hold the bolt head. A rebate 30 ', of appropriate shape and depth, formed under the external element 25 concerned, makes it possible to facilitate the positioning of the stiffened plate 30 when it is put in place. At 31 ', two stamped ribs are shown, serving to stiffen the plate 30.

Dans l'axe de l'ouverture 33 (en supposant la plaque 30 positionnée correctement par rapport à l'élément extérieur 25) s'étend un puits 35 ancré dans le béton de l'élément 25. Il suffit d'enfiler un boulon à tête oblongue à came 36 (ou à collet carré) dans ce puits de façon telle que sa tête s'engage dans l'ouverture rectangulaire 33, cette tête étant retenue par le décrochement 34 dans le cas où le boulon échapperait à l'opérateur, ensuite de quoi il suffit de faire pivoter le boulon d'un quart de tour et d'assurer son serrage, dans une position telle que sa tête vienne alors s'appliquer sous les bords de l'ouverture 33. Le serrage du boulon à came 36 peut être assuré par un écrou 37 serré sur une plaque 38 solidaire du puits 35, cette plaque étant également percée d'un trou rectangulaire.In the axis of the opening 33 (assuming the plate 30 positioned correctly relative to the external element 25) extends a well 35 anchored in the concrete of the element 25. It suffices to thread a bolt to oblong head with cam 36 (or with collar square) in this well so that its head engages in the rectangular opening 33, this head being retained by the recess 34 in the case where the bolt escapes the operator, after which it suffices to rotate the quarter-turn bolt and to ensure its tightening, in a position such that its head then comes to apply under the edges of the opening 33. The tightening of the cam bolt 36 can be ensured by a nut 37 tightened on a plate 38 integral with the well 35, this plate also being pierced with a rectangular hole.

Il est à noter que ce puits peut servir également de passage à une clé dont la tête pourrait s'appuyer derrière la plaque 38, pour coopérer au soulèvement de l'élément correspondant 25 lors de sa mise en place ou de son enlèvement. On a référencé en 39 d'autres trous rectangulaires ayant le même objet (voir leurs emplacements sur la figure 2). Ainsi, on dispose, en cas de besoin, de trois emplacements de soulèvement de chaque élément 25, étant donné que l'on prévoir, pour chaque élément 25, deux systèmes de serrage à plaque raidie 30, comme ceci est également visible sur la figure 2.It should be noted that this well can also serve as a passage for a key whose head could be supported behind the plate 38, to cooperate in the lifting of the corresponding element 25 during its installation or its removal. Other rectangular holes having the same object have been referenced at 39 (see their locations in FIG. 2). Thus, there are, if necessary, three locations for lifting each element 25, since provision is made for each element 25, two stiffening plate clamping systems 30, as is also visible in the figure 2.

Pour éviter que les entretoises 10 situées entre blochets soient soumises à des efforts de flexion ou soient empêchées de se déplacer légèrement en direction verticale pour suivre ainsi la danse des rails, on peut prévoir, à titre de disposition complémentaire de celles qui viennent d'être décrites, le long des deux bords inférieurs et transversaux des deux éléments intérieurs 3 concernés, des chanfreins formant ensemble une cavité vide de gravillons (ou de ballast). Cette cavité permet le jeu souhaité de l'entretoise en direction verticale, de même qu'elle empêcherait que des efforts se transmettent à cette entretoise en provenance du platelage. Cette cavité pourra se prolonger dans le milieu de la face inférieure de l'élément opposé aux deux éléments précités, de sorte à surplomber l'entretoise suivant toute sa longueur, jusqu'à l'appui 12.To prevent the spacers 10 located between the blocks from being subjected to bending forces or being prevented from moving slightly in a vertical direction so as to follow the dance of the rails, provision may be made, as a complementary arrangement to those which have just been described, along the two lower and transverse edges of the two interior elements 3 concerned, chamfers together forming an empty cavity of gravel (or ballast). This cavity allows the desired clearance of the spacer in the vertical direction, as well as preventing efforts from being transmitted to this spacer from the decking. This cavity may extend into the middle of the lower face of the element opposite the two aforementioned elements, so as to overhang the spacer along its entire length, until the support 12.

L'exemple de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit est, comme on le voit, particulièrement bien adapté aux platelages destinés aux voies posées sur des traverses à double blochet, les bloçhets étant reliés par une entretoise métallique, mais il est à noter qu'un platelage réalisé encore conformément à l'invention pourrait s'adapter à tous types de traverses.The embodiment which has just been described is, as can be seen, particularly well suited to decking intended for tracks laid on crosspieces with double block, the blocks being connected by a metal spacer, but it should be noted that decking also produced in accordance with the invention could be adapted to all types of sleepers.

Notamment, on pourrait facilement adapter les platelages susdécrits à des voies posées sur des traverses monobloc en béton précontraint, les dispositifs de montage et de fixation restant dans leur principe exactement les mêmes, tant pour les éléments extérieurs que pour les éléments intérieurs. Ceci va être démontré avec référence à la figure 4.In particular, the above-mentioned decks could easily be adapted to tracks laid on one-piece prestressed concrete sleepers, the mounting and fixing devices remaining in principle exactly the same, both for the exterior elements and for the interior elements. This will be demonstrated with reference to Figure 4.

A la figure 4, qui est une vue de platelage analogue à celle de la figure 1, on a utilisé les mêmes références, mais augmentées de 40, pour désigner des éléments ou parties du platelage identiques, analogues ou ayant la même fonction, respectivement, que les éléments ou parties correspondants du platelage de la figure 1. Ainsi, les éléments intérieurs sont référencés 43 au lieu de 3, les éléments extérieurs 65 au lieu de 25, etc.In FIG. 4, which is a view of decking similar to that of FIG. 1, the same references were used, but increased by 40, to designate identical elements or parts of the decking, analogous or having the same function, respectively, as the corresponding elements or parts of the decking of Figure 1. Thus, the interior elements are referenced 43 instead of 3, the exterior elements 65 instead of 25, etc.

Dans le cas de la figure 4, il s'agit d'un platelage destiné à équiper une voie posée sur des traverses monobloc en béton, référencées 50, reposant elles-mêmes sur un ballast 48. Les éléments intérieurs 43 reposent ici sur du ballast, au lieu de reposer sur un lit de gravillons, comme dans l'exemple précédent. On voit qu'à leurs extrémités les traverses 50 sont notablement plus épaisses que dans leur partie centrale, ce qui permet de faire en sorte, exactement comme dans l'exemple précédent, que les éléments intérieurs 43 puissent pivoter légèrement, en fonction des contraintes verticales auxquelles ils sont soumis, sur des appuis 52 analogues aux appuis 12 de la figure 1; il s'agit de talons s'étendant parallèlement au joint 44, prévus sur des semelles intermédiaires 51 en élastomère.In the case of Figure 4, it is a deck intended to equip a track placed on one-piece concrete sleepers, referenced 50, themselves resting on a ballast 48. The interior elements 43 rest here on ballast , instead of lying on a bed of gravel, as in the previous example. We see that at their ends the crosspieces 50 are considerably thicker than in their central part, which makes it possible to ensure, exactly as in the previous example, that the interior elements 43 can pivot slightly, as a function of the vertical constraints. to which they are subjected, on supports 52 similar to the supports 12 in FIG. 1; these are heels extending parallel to the seal 44, provided on midsoles 51 of elastomer.

Par contre, les cavités 13 (limitées de trois côtés) prévues sous les éléments intérieurs 3 du mode de réalisation de la figure 1 sont ici des évidements en forme de simples gouttières 53 (limitées latéralement seulement sur deux côtés) et propres à coopérer au maintien en place des éléments 43 à l'encontre des efforts qui peuvent s'appliquer sur eux en direction horizontale et longitudinale; en effet, les retombées latérales de ces gouttières 53 ménagées dans la face inférieure de ces éléments 43 encadrent étroitement la traverse correspondante 50, ce qui empêche tout déplacement relatif longitudinal de l'élément par rapport à la traverse.On the other hand, the cavities 13 (limited on three sides) provided under the interior elements 3 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 are here recesses in the form of simple gutters 53 (limited laterally only on two sides) and suitable for cooperating in maintaining in place of the elements 43 against the forces which can be applied to them in the horizontal and longitudinal direction; in fact, the lateral fallout of these gutters 53 formed in the lower face of these elements 43 closely surround the corresponding cross member 50, which prevents any relative longitudinal displacement of the element relative to the cross member.

Les éléments intérieurs 43 peuvent encore présenter une disposition complémentaire analogue à celle dont il a été fait état plus haut à propos des éléments 3, à savoir que leur face inférieure peut encore être pourvue de cavités transversales aux emplacements surplombant les traverses, pour que le ballast 48 ne transmette pas aux éléments 43 les déformations de flexion subies par les traverses, et, inversement, pour que les efforts verticaux s'appliquant aux éléments lors du passage des véhicules ne se transmettent pas aux traverses. De telles cavités mesurent seulement quelques centimètres de profondeur; sur la figure 4, la cavité visible de l'élément a été référencée en 80.The interior elements 43 may also have a complementary arrangement similar to that which was mentioned above with regard to the elements 3, namely that their lower face can still be provided with transverse cavities at the locations overhanging the crosspieces, so that the ballast 48 does not transmit to the elements 43 the bending deformations undergone by the crosspieces, and, conversely, so that the vertical forces applying to the elements during the passage of the vehicles do not pass to the crosspieces. Such cavities are only a few centimeters deep; in FIG. 4, the visible cavity of the element has been referenced at 80.

La figure 4 montre encore une autre variante, concernant la forme du coussinet de matière élastique 67, analogue et ayant le même rôle par ailleurs que le coussinet 27 de la figure 1, ce coussinet 67 étant situé entre les traverses de béton 50. Ce coussinet 67 présente une retombée 67a, par l'intermédiaire de laquelle l'élément extérieur 65 peut venir en butée contre le bord extérieur du patin 41b du rail. Les éléments 65 peuvent ainsi, lors de leur mise en place, être automatiquement positionnés par rapport aux rails, et seront ensuite parfaitement maintenus en place, à l'encontre des forces horizontales pouvant s'exercer sur eux dans une direction transversale à la voie. Cette disposition est importante, car l'écartement à prévoir entre le champignon du rail 41 et l'arête de l'élément extérieur 65 n'est que de quelques millimètres.FIG. 4 shows yet another variant, concerning the shape of the cushion of elastic material 67, analogous and having the same role elsewhere than the cushion 27 of FIG. 1, this cushion 67 being located between the concrete sleepers 50. This cushion 67 has a drop 67a, by means of which the outer element 65 can come into abutment against the outer edge of the shoe 41b of the rail. The elements 65 can thus, during their installation, be automatically positioned with respect to the rails, and will then be perfectly held in place, against the horizontal forces which can be exerted on them in a direction transverse to the track. This provision is important, because the spacing to be provided between the mushroom of the rail 41 and the edge of the external element 65 is only a few millimeters.

Par ailleurs, on peut prévoir en outre que l'arête des éléments extérieurs 65 qui s'étend à proximité des rails 41 est recouverte d'une barrette protectrice 81 en élastomère, ceci pour éviter les épaufrures qui pourraient être causées au platelage par les roues des trains, soit directement soit par l'entremise de pierres, ou par toute autre cause. Ces barrettes 81 peuvent, comme représenté, être encliquetées élastiquement sur un profil en queue d'aronde 82 du platelage.Furthermore, provision may also be made for the edge of the external elements 65 which extends in the vicinity of the rails 41 to be covered with a protective strip 81 of elastomer, this in order to avoid any spalling which could be caused by decking by the wheels. trains, either directly or through stones, or by any other cause. These bars 81 can, as shown, be snapped resiliently on a dovetail profile 82 of the decking.

On peut encore observer, sur la figure 4, que la face inférieure de l'élément extérieur 65 ne comporte plus de talon analogue au talon 28 de la figure 1, un tel talon n'étant pas indispensable. Quant à la semelle 26 du premier exemple, elle peut être remplacée par un simple patin d'élastomère, référencé 66 sur la figure 4, la référence 69 désignant quant à elle des retombées analogues aux retombées 29, encadrant latéralement la traverse.We can also observe, in Figure 4, that the underside of the outer element 65 no longer has a heel similar to the heel 28 of Figure 1, such a heel is not essential. As for the sole 26 of the first example, it can be replaced by a simple elastomer shoe, referenced 66 in FIG. 4, the reference 69 designating, for its part, fallout analogous to fallout 29, laterally framing the crosspiece.

D'autres variantes encore concernent la réalisation des plaques raidies (référencées 30 sur la figure 1) par l'intermédiaire desquelles les éléments extérieurs sont maintenus en place à l'encontre des forces pouvant tendre à les soulever.Still other variants relate to the production of the stiffened plates (referenced 30 in FIG. 1) by means of which the external elements are held in place against the forces which may tend to lift them.

Une amélioration importante consiste à prévoir sur ces plaques, référencées 70 sur les figures 5 et 6, un rebord 71 replié vers le haut à angle aigu (de l'ordre de 45°), de sorte qu'il puisse prendre appui sur le bord intérieur du patin 41b du rail.An important improvement consists in providing on these plates, referenced 70 in FIGS. 5 and 6, a flange 71 folded upwards at an acute angle (of the order of 45 °), so that it can bear on the edge inside of shoe 41b of the rail.

En outre, les nervures de raidissement 31' de la figure 3 sont remplacées par des bords rabattus à angle droit, référencés 71' sur la figure 5, la référence 73 désignant quant à elle le trou oblong (analogue à l'ouverture rectangulaire 33) par lequel est destinée à passer la tête du boulon de fixation 76 (figure 4)In addition, the stiffening ribs 31 ′ of FIG. 3 are replaced by folded edges at right angles, referenced 71 ′ in FIG. 5, the reference 73 designating the oblong hole (analogous to the rectangular opening 33) by which is intended to pass the head of the fixing bolt 76 (Figure 4)

Il est à noter également que, dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 5, la languette (analogue à la partie en décrochement 34 de la figure 3) située sous le trou 73, et qui n'est pas visible sur cette figure 5, peut avantageusement être dirigée du côté du rebord 71, à savoir dans le sens inverse par rapport aux parties en décrochement 34, ceci pour éviter que, lors de la mise en place de la plaque raidie 70 (s'effectuant en poussant la plaque sous le rail, de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur), des pierres du ballast ne viennent se coincer entre cette languette et la plaque proprement dite. En outre, la languette en question pourrait être soudée sous la plaque, au lieu d'être constituée, comme dans le cas de la partie en décrochement 34 de la figure 3, par la matière provenant du poinçonnage de l'ouverture.It should also be noted that, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the tongue (analogous to the recessed part 34 of FIG. 3) located under the hole 73, and which is not visible in this FIG. 5, can advantageously be directed on the side of the rim 71, namely in the opposite direction relative to the recessed portions 34, this to prevent that, when the stiffened plate 70 is put in place (carried out by pushing the plate under the rail, from the inside to the outside), stones from the ballast do not get caught between this tab and the plate itself. In addition, the tab in question could be welded under the plate, instead of being formed, as in the case of the recessed portion 34 of Figure 3, by the material from the punching of the opening.

De plus, cette languette pourrait être élastique, ce qui permettrait d'utiliser des boulons 76 à tête oblongue et à collet carré: après introduction de la tête du boulon dans le trou 73, une poussée exercée sur le boulon à l'encontre de la force élastique de la languette pourrait permettre de le faire pivoter d'un quart de tour, après quoi, le boulon étant libéré, la languette repousserait le boulon vers le haut, ce qui ramènerait le collet carré en contact avec les bords du trou 73, et le boulon ne pourrait plus tourner. Ceci éviterait une rotation fortuite du boulon 76, par exemple par suite d'un mauvais serrage de l'écrou 77, et donc le risque de voir sa tête oblongue s'échapper au travers du trou 73.In addition, this tongue could be elastic, which would make it possible to use bolts 76 with oblong head and square collar: after introduction of the head of the bolt into the hole 73, a thrust exerted on the bolt against the elastic force of the tongue could allow it to rotate a quarter of a turn, after which, the bolt being released, the tongue would push the bolt upwards, which would bring the square collar back into contact with the edges of the hole 73, and the bolt could no longer turn. This would avoid an accidental rotation of the bolt 76, for example as a result of a bad tightening of the nut 77, and therefore the risk of seeing its oblong head escape through the hole 73.

Une autre utilité du rebord 71 plié à angle aigu et des bords rabattus 71' est illustrée par le dessin de la figure 6, qui montre l'utilisation d'un outil pour la mise en place des plaques raidies 70. Cet outil est constitué d'un manche 84 à la base duquel est soudée une fourchette à deux branches 85 portant à leurs extrémités des pattes soudées en équerre 86.Another utility of the rim 71 folded at an acute angle and the folded edges 71 ′ is illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 6, which shows the use of a tool for the establishment of the stiffened plates 70. This tool consists of 'a handle 84 at the base of which is welded a fork with two branches 85 carrying at their ends legs welded at right angles 86.

L'outil étant positionné comme indiqué, sa fourchette étant introduite dans l'ornière ménagée (voir figure 4) entre le rail 41 et l'élément intérieur 43, il suffit de soumettre son manche à une rotation dans le plan vertical perpendiculaire à la voie, dans le sens de la flèche f, pour que ses pattes 86 exercent une poussée sur les extrémités en regard 83 des bords rabattus 71', l'outil prenant lui-même appui de l'autre côté du rail par une patte courbée vers le bas 87. La plaque 70 peut alors pivoter vers le haut, dans le sens de la flèche f', grâce à la charnière que constitue le rebord 71 en appui sur le bord du patin 41b du rail. Cela permet de maintenir la plaque 70 en position correcte même si elle n'est pas supportée par du ballast ou si le ballast n'est pas réglé en niveau lors de sa mise en place, soit lors de la première pose du platelage, soit à la suite d'opérations d'entretien de la voie ferrée nécessitant un démontage puis une remise en place des éléments intérieurs et/ou extérieurs du platelage. Autrement, la plaque 70 s'inclinerait vers le bas (dans sa partie située à l'extérieur de la voie) et il deviendrait très difficile, sinon impossible, d'introduire la tête oblongue du boulon 76 dans le trou 73.The tool being positioned as indicated, its fork being introduced into the groove (see FIG. 4) between the rail 41 and the internal element 43, it suffices to subject its handle to a rotation in the vertical plane perpendicular to the track , in the direction of arrow f, so that its legs 86 push on the opposite ends 83 of the folded edges 71 ', the tool itself taking support on the other side of the rail by a tab curved towards the bottom 87. The plate 70 can then pivot upwards, in the direction of the arrow f ′, by virtue of the hinge formed by the flange 71 bearing on the edge of the pad 41b of the rail. This keeps the plate 70 in the correct position even if it is not supported by ballast or if the ballast is not adjusted in level when it is put in place, either when the decking is first installed, or when the continuation of maintenance operations on the railway requiring dismantling and then replacing the interior and / or exterior elements of the decking. Otherwise, the plate 70 would tilt downwards (in its part located outside the track) and it would become very difficult, if not impossible, to introduce the oblong head of the bolt 76 into the hole 73.

Il est à noter qu'entre la plaque raidie 70 et le patin de rail est encore intercalée une feuille d'élastomère (non représentée), pour préserver l'isolation électrique du rail.It should be noted that between the stiffened plate 70 and the rail pad is still interposed an elastomer sheet (not shown), to preserve the electrical insulation of the rail.

La figure 7, pour finir, montre une variante de réalisation de ce que l'on a appelé plus haut les "dispositifs d'écartement réglables", propres à agir entre l'âme du rail et le chant correspondant des éléments intérieurs. Dans cette figure, on a pris, pour désigner les mêmes parties ou éléments, les mêmes références que dans la figure 1, mais augmentées de 90.Figure 7, finally, shows an alternative embodiment of what has been called above "adjustable spacers", capable of acting between the rail soul and the corresponding edge of the interior elements. In this figure, the same references have been used to designate the same parts or elements as in FIG. 1, but increased by 90.

La chemise filetée, ancrée dans le chant 93a de l'élément intérieur 93, est référencée 88. La tête hexagonale 106 du boulon 105 qui y est vissé est en appui sur un coussin 108 appliqué sur l'âme 91a du rail, par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque rigide 107. Une fois le réglage d'écartement obtenu, par rotation de la tête 106, on bloque par vissage le contre-écrou 105a sur le chant 93a de l'élément intérieur 93, par l'intermédiaire d'une rondelle Grower 89 et d'une rondelle plate 90. Enfin, on peut avantageusement insérer un cavalier rigide C entre l'écrou 105 et le contre-écrou 105a, ce qui aura pour effet d'empêcher un dévissage intempestif du contre-écrou en maintenant une largeur d'ornière constante, tout en protégeant les filets du boulon 105 des intempéries et des poussières.The threaded sleeve, anchored in the edge 93a of the inner element 93, is referenced 88. The hexagonal head 106 of the bolt 105 which is screwed there is in abutment on a cushion 108 applied to the core 91a of the rail, by the through a rigid plate 107. Once the spacing adjustment has been obtained, by rotation of the head 106, the lock nut 105a is blocked by screwing on the edge 93a of the internal element 93, by means of a Grower washer 89 and a flat washer 90. Finally, it is advantageously possible to insert a rigid jumper C between the nut 105 and the lock nut 105a, which will have the effect of preventing internal unscrewing. pestive of the locknut by maintaining a constant rut width, while protecting the threads of the bolt 105 from the weather and dust.

On peut encore prévoir une fermeture de l'ornière comprise entre le rail et les éléments intérieurs, par tout dispositif connu approprié, de manière à protéger cette ornière contre tout risque d'encrassement.It is also possible to provide for closure of the rut between the rail and the interior elements, by any suitable known device, so as to protect this rut against any risk of fouling.

Ceci étant, quel que soit le mode de réalisation choisi, et pour ce qui est du matériau utilisable d'une façon générale pour la fabrication des éléments intérieurs et extérieurs, on peut, outre le béton, envisager d'utiliser tout matériau susceptible de présenter les qualités mécaniques requises, tels que le bois, le béton armé, le béton léger armé, le caoutchouc, etc.This being so, whatever the embodiment chosen, and as regards the material which can be used generally for the manufacture of interior and exterior elements, it is possible, in addition to concrete, to consider using any material capable of presenting the mechanical qualities required, such as wood, reinforced concrete, light reinforced concrete, rubber, etc.

Un platelage conforme à l'invention permet de remédier aux inconvénients des platelage existants, tels qu'ils ont été décrits au début.A deck in accordance with the invention overcomes the drawbacks of existing decking, as described at the start.

Il peut s'adapter non seulement aux voies posées sur des traverses à double blochet, mais également, comme on l'a vu plus haut, aux voies posées sur des traverses de béton ou en bois de tout modèle, ou encore aux voies posées sur longrines, tout ceci moyennant seulement des modifications de détail par rapport à un concept général commun.It can be adapted not only to tracks laid on double block sleepers, but also, as we saw above, to tracks laid on concrete or wooden sleepers of any model, or even to tracks laid on sleepers, all with only minor changes to a common general concept.

Un platelage conforme à l'invention permet de traiter exactement de la même manière qu'en voie courante les emplacements des passages à niveau, les rails pouvant être posés uniformément sur le même type de blochets, traverses ou longrines.A deck in accordance with the invention makes it possible to treat exactly the same way as in a standard track the locations of level crossings, the rails being able to be laid uniformly on the same type of blocks, sleepers or sills.

En cas de renouvellement de la voie, il n'y a pas d'interruption des trains de pose, ce qui permet de réaliser une économie considérable.In case of track renewal, there is no interruption of the laying trains, which allows a considerable saving.

La pose des platelages sera facile, rapide et économique, sans nécessiter l'intervention d'engins de manutention dans le -cas où ceux-ci seraient interdits.The installation of the decks will be easy, quick and economical, without requiring the intervention of handling equipment in the case where these would be prohibited.

La souplesse et l'homogénéité de la voie seront, dans tous les cas, préservées, et en outre les platelages, tout en étant excellemment adaptés aux conditions actuelles du trafic routier, ne subiront pas de contraintes excessives venant de la voie, du fait de l'absence de toute solidarisa- tion rigide entre celle-ci et les éléments intérieurs ou extérieurs du platelage. En particulier, les pivotements des éléments du platelage, notamment des éléments intérieurs, pourront être provoqués par un tassement du ballast situé dans l'axe de la voie, sans variations du plan d'appui des blochets ou des traverses.The flexibility and homogeneity of the track will, in all cases, be preserved, and in addition the decking, while being excellently adapted to the current conditions of road traffic, will not be subjected to excessive stress coming from the track, due to the absence of any rigid connection between it and the interior or exterior elements of the decking. In particular, the pivoting of the decking elements, in particular the interior elements, may be caused by a compaction of the ballast located in the axis of the track, without variations in the support plane of the blocks or sleepers.

A l'inverse, ce pivotement pourrait également se produire par suite d'un tassement du ballast seulement au-dessous des blochets ou traverses, le niveau du ballast dans les autres parties restant fixe.Conversely, this pivoting could also occur as a result of compaction of the ballast only below the blocks or crosspieces, the level of the ballast in the other parts remaining fixed.

Les deux types de pivotement précités, s'effectuant en principe assez lentement, peuvent être qualifiés de "statiques".The two above-mentioned types of pivoting, which in principle take place quite slowly, can be described as "static".

Bien entendu, les pivotements plus rapides, et que l'on peut qualifier de "dynamiques", des différents éléments du platelage sur leurs appuis ou autour du jointcentral, interviendront surtout lorsque la voie sera traversée par les véhicules routiers, ou encore lorsqu'elle sera sollicitée par la circulation des trains, laquelle provoque une "danse" des rails.Of course, the faster swings, and which one can qualify as "dynamic", of the various elements of the decking on their supports or around the central joint, will intervene especially when the track is crossed by road vehicles, or even when will be solicited by the circulation of trains, which causes a "dance" of the rails.

Dans tous le cas, le platelage ne sera pas soumis à des contraintes, notamment de flexion, excessives, et la voie elle également pourra garder toute sa souplesse: il n'y aura pas d'interactions notables entre la voie et le platelage.In all cases, the decking will not be subjected to excessive stresses, in particular bending, and the track will also be able to keep its flexibility: there will be no significant interactions between the track and the decking.

Claims (20)

1. A covering for a level crossing of the type comprising, between two rails (1; 41; 91) of a railway track laid on blocks (2) or monolithic sleepers (50) or longitudinals sleepers, at least two internal highway elements (3; 43; 93) or sets thereof disposed in facing relationship so as to be able to align themselves with one another and/or pivot slightly relatively to one another around an alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a) disposed in their meeting plane, characterised in that at the end remote from the latter axis the internal elements (3; 43; 93) rest, preferably resiliently, on corresponding rests (12; 52) of the blocks (2), monolithic sleepers (50) or longitudinal sleepers so as to be able to pivot slightly on such rests (12; 52) around an axis substantially parallel to the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a); adjustable spacing means (15; 55; 105) are provided between the rail web (1a; 41a; 91a) and the webs (3a; 43a, 93a) of those end faces of the internal elements (3; 43; 93) disposed at that end thereof remote from the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a); the axes along which the spacing devices (15; 55; 105) are operative extend above the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a); and means (19; 59) are provided for retaining, against stresses tending to raise them, those of the said end faces which are remote from the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a), the retaining means (19; 59) bearing on the rail feet (1b; 41b; 91 b).
2. A covering according to claim 1, characterised in that the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a) extends parallel or substantially parallel to the rails.
3. A covering according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a) is disposed at least approximately in the central vertical plane of the track.
4. A covering according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the alignment and/or pivoting axis (4a; 44a) is common to the various sets of internal elements (3; 43; 93).
5. A covering according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the internal elements (3) of one of the sets are offset in the track direction by half a length relatively to the internal elements (3) of the other set.
6. A covering according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the alignment and/or pivoting axis is embodied by a resilient seal (4; 44) comprising a bead (4a; 44a) whose two halves are received one each in two complementary grooves (6; 46) disposed opposite one another in the facing end faces of two internal elements.
7. A covering according to claim 6, characterised in that the seal (4; 44) also comprises, starting from either side of the bead (4a; 44a), a separating part (4b; 44b) extending substantially over the whole thickness of the internal elements..
8. A covering according to claim 7, characterised in that the thickness of the separating part (4b; 44b) increases from its top end towards its bottom end.
9. A covering according to any of the previous claims, more particularly for rails placed on blocks (2) or monolithic sleepers (50); characterised in that the bottom surface of the internal elements (3; 43; 93) is formed, at the end remote from the alignment and/or pivoting axis, with a cavity (13) or recess (53) adapted to engage preferably resiliently around the corresponding block (2) or sleeper (50) and thus to retain the internal elements against horizontal and longitudinal stressing.
10. A covering according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that the bottom surface of the internal elements (3; 43; 93) is formed, at the places which will be vertically above the transverse bracing members (10) in the case of block- mounted track or above the monolithic sleepers (50) of track laid on such sleepers, with transverse cavities (80) inhibiting the transmission of deformations between, on the one hand, the internal elements (3; 43; 93) and, on the other hand, the bracing members (10) or sleepers (50).
11. A covering for a level crossing according to any of the previous claims, characterised in that it comprises, externally of track rails laid on blocks (2), sleepers (50) or longitudinal sleepers, and on either side of the track, at least one external highway element (25; 65) or a set of such elements bearing preferably resiliently at one end on the corresponding rail foot (1b; 41 b; 91 b) and at the other end on the outside part of the top surface of the block (2) or sleeper (50) or longitudinal sleeper.
12. A covering according to claim 11, characterised in that the external elements (25; 65) bear on the rail foot (1b; 41 b; 91 b) with the interposition of resilient pads (27; 67).
13. A covering according to claim 12, characterised in that the pads (67) have a drop (67a) by way of which the external elements (65) can abut the outside edge of the rail foot (41 b).
14. A covering according to any of claims 11-13, more particularly for rails (1; 41; 91) laid on blocks (2) or sleepers (50), characterised in that the outside part of the bottom surface of the external elements (25; 65) is formed with a cavity (29; 69) adapted to engage, preferably resiliently, over the end of the corresponding block (2) or sleeper (50) and thus to retain the external elements (25; 65) against horizontal transverse and/or longitudinal stressing.
15. A covering according to any of claims 11-14, characterised in that clamping means (30, 36; 70, 76) adapted to engage the external elements (25; 65) with the corresponding rail foot (1b; 41 b) and with the blocks (2) or transverse sleepers (50) or longitudinal sleepers are provided.
16. A covering according to claim 15, characterised in that the clamping means mainly comprise: a stiffened plate (30; 70) bearing both on the rail foot (1b; 41b) and below the particular external element (25; 65) concerned; and a bolt (36; 76) having an oblong or cam-like or square- necked head and extending through the element (25; 65), the head engaging in an elongate aperture (33; 73) in such plate, the bolt being tensioned by a nut (37; 77) which is screwed on it and which bears on a member (38; 78) rigidly secured to the particular external element concerned.
17. A covering according to claim 16, characterised in that the stiffened plate (30; 70) has, at the end remote from the elongate aperture (33; 73) an upwardly bent edge (31; 71) adapted to bear on the corresponding edge of the rail foot (1b; 41 b) and thus to prevent any movement of the corresponding external element (25; 65) towards the outside of the track.
18. A covering according to claim 17, characterised in that the plate (70) is stiffened by two bent edges (71') and the edge (71) is so bent at an acute angle as to be able to be supported by the corresponding edge of the rail foot (41), so that during laying the stiffened plate (70) can be retained in its correct position through the agency of a tool (85) exerting a thrust on the ends (83) of the bent edges (71'), the plate then being able to pivot around the hinge formed by the edge (71).
19. A covering according to any of claims 11-18, characterised in that the ridge of the external elements (25; 65) near the rails (1; 41) is covered by a resilient protective strip (81) snap- fitted on the shaped part (82) of such elements.
EP84402587A 1983-12-14 1984-12-13 Railroad crossing slab Expired EP0145609B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84402587T ATE34417T1 (en) 1983-12-14 1984-12-13 PLATE FOR TRACK CROSSING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8320048A FR2556753B1 (en) 1983-12-14 1983-12-14 LEVEL CROSSING
FR8320048 1983-12-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0145609A2 EP0145609A2 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0145609A3 EP0145609A3 (en) 1985-07-24
EP0145609B1 true EP0145609B1 (en) 1988-05-18

Family

ID=9295183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84402587A Expired EP0145609B1 (en) 1983-12-14 1984-12-13 Railroad crossing slab

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0145609B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE34417T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3471332D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2556753B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2663054B1 (en) * 1990-06-12 1992-09-25 Aquitaine Beton Manufacture Sa FLOOR PLATFORM CONSISTING OF 3 LONGRINES AND REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVERS.
FR2871818B1 (en) 2004-06-17 2006-09-29 Chapsol Sa LEVEL PASSING PLATFORM
DE102004043240A1 (en) * 2004-09-07 2006-04-06 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Elastik Gmbh Railroad crossing means

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US471167A (en) * 1892-03-22 Mail-bag and lock therefor
FR375610A (en) * 1907-03-12 1907-07-13 Victor Gross Improvements to slabs for railway level crossings
US1731301A (en) * 1927-09-30 1929-10-15 American Pressed Steel Company Railroad crossing
US1939425A (en) * 1931-11-11 1933-12-12 Truscon Steel Co Railroad crossing
US2294582A (en) * 1939-11-14 1942-09-01 Francis C Sullivan Paving block
US2471167A (en) * 1945-12-15 1949-05-24 Ellis C Oxenrider Railroad-highway crossing construction
US4093120A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-06-06 Park Rubber Company Railroad crossing structure
DE7908757U1 (en) * 1979-03-28 1979-07-12 Pebueso-Betonwerke Heribert Buescher Gmbh & Co, 4400 Muenster ROAD PLATE

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0145609A3 (en) 1985-07-24
ATE34417T1 (en) 1988-06-15
FR2556753B1 (en) 1986-07-25
EP0145609A2 (en) 1985-06-19
FR2556753A1 (en) 1985-06-21
DE3471332D1 (en) 1988-06-23

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