EP0143761B1 - Electrode fixée par dépression - Google Patents

Electrode fixée par dépression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0143761B1
EP0143761B1 EP84850320A EP84850320A EP0143761B1 EP 0143761 B1 EP0143761 B1 EP 0143761B1 EP 84850320 A EP84850320 A EP 84850320A EP 84850320 A EP84850320 A EP 84850320A EP 0143761 B1 EP0143761 B1 EP 0143761B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
backpiece
electrode plate
sealing
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84850320A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0143761A1 (fr
Inventor
Stig Lundbäck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Astra Tech AB
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Astra Tech AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astra Tech AB filed Critical Astra Tech AB
Priority to AT84850320T priority Critical patent/ATE32977T1/de
Publication of EP0143761A1 publication Critical patent/EP0143761A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0143761B1 publication Critical patent/EP0143761B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
    • A61B5/252—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body by suction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
    • A61B5/28—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electrocardiography [ECG]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode, and more particularly to an electrode for use when making electrocardiograms (ECG), of the kind defined in the preamble of Claim 1.
  • ECG electrocardiograms
  • an electrode plate is spring-biassed with the aid of an elastic diaphragm coupled to a surrounding sealing ring. When the electrode plate is pressed against the skin of a patient, a valve opens and a vacuum is applied to a cavity extending around the electrode and defined by the sealing ring.
  • the elastic diaphragm permits the electrode plate to swivel and to move axially in relation to the sealing ring.
  • very low vacuum-pressures i.e. pressures which leave pronounced suction marks.
  • very small variations are sufficient to produce changes in the contact resistance, such as to cause the base line against which the ECG-variable is reproduced on a writer or like recording instrument to become unsteady and variable. Consequently, this method of attaching electrodes to a patient by vacuum through the agency of centrally located suction means, a method which is both practical and advantageous in theory with respect to many electrodes, has not found wide use in practice.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode of the kind described in the introduction which will remain firmly seated, therewith to better fulfil its intended purpose; which will remain firmly attached to a patient even though the patient should move during the examination; which will avoid the occurrence of base-line variations due to changes in surface-contact pressure; and which will enable functional tests to be made on the heart of a patient during movement of the patient, something which from a diagnostic aspect is highly desirable, but which is so difficult to carry out when using conventional techniques, as to make it impossible to include such a feature in general routine procedures.
  • a suction-held electrode which exhibits a relatively rigid connection between an electrode plate and a surrounding sealing ring provided with a sealing lip.
  • the sealing lip is preferably slightly pliable, but not excessively so, such that sealing is effected via a moderately curved surface.
  • the disposable-type electrode which is attached with the aid of an adhesive (glue, adhesive tape etc.) or with the aid of rubber bands or the like.
  • the multi-use electrode which is held in position by a locally generated vacuum force.
  • One well known vacuum principle employs the compression and subsequent expansion of rubber balls. Unfortunately, due to insufficient reservoir sizes, these balls loosen in the event of even very slight leaks, which leads to serious problems when wishing to work, for example, with six electrodes affixed to the patient at the same time, which is normal routine procedure. Consequently, none of these systems is fully satisfactory. These disadvantages are eliminated to a great extent by means of the invention.
  • the electrode provided thereby may partially have the form of a disposable-type electrode or may comprise readily exchangable, sterilizable components.
  • the actual electrode plate has the form of a small, throw-away "button", since for electrochemical reasons the best material from which the electrode surface can be produced is silver, with a coating of silver chloride, this material being blackened by light.
  • a metal or plastic electrode provided with press-stud attachment means can be given a very thin layer of silver.
  • the sealing ring can also be made of an elastomeric material and the rings changed upon being used once, and collected, washed and sterilized for re-use, unless wishing to design the rings for one-time use only.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded view of an electrode which comprises three parts.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of an electrode in an inoperative position, with the vacuum valve closed.
  • Figure 3 is a view of an electrode when affixed to a patient.
  • An electrode plate 1 which may be made of metal or of a plastics material having a metal surface 4, is provided with protruding portions to afford good contact with the skin, even in the presence of body-hair.
  • a stem 5 which forms the male component of a press-stud connector.
  • the stem 5 is intended to be pushed into a press-stud female part 6 located in a backpiece 3, therewith penetrating a hole 18 in an intermediate plate or insert 2, which incorporates, inter alia, a sealing ring 9.
  • the press-stud connector is of a conventional kind used with jeans.
  • the backpiece 3 may comprise an electrically non-conductive plastics material, optionally provided with a metallic screening means (not shown).
  • a vacuum hose or pipe 8 Connected to the backpiece is a vacuum hose or pipe 8, through which a screened conductor 7 is drawn to the metallic press-stud connector 6.
  • the vacuum hose is connected to a cavity in the backpiece 3 and a plurality of holes 20 are located around female part 6 of the connector.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the electrode components of Figure 1 in their assembled state.
  • Figure 1 has been provided with component-identifying references.
  • the components illustrated in the remaining Figures can be readily identified, by simple comparison with Figure 1.
  • the components 1 and 2 of the illustrated embodiment are rotationally symmetrical, thereby facilitating their manufacture. Such symmetry is not absolutely necessary, however.
  • the insert 2 which is preferably made of silicone rubber, is provided with a relatively rigidly formed ring portion 9 having extending peripherally therearound a sealing lip 13, which seals against the skin of the in-use or operative position.
  • the mode of the electrode in the inoperative state thereof will be described first, with reference to Figure 2.
  • the electrode surface 4 in the position illustrated in Figure 3 must be inwardly drawn relative to the lip 13 on the ring 9.
  • the electrode surface is suitably inwardly drawn to a depth of 3-4 mm (In the Figures, the illustrated electrode assembly is enlarged by a factor of two).
  • the described embodiment has been found to function extremely well in practice. For example, six electrodes can be affixed to a patient very quickly, since no taps need be opened and since all that is required is for the electrodes to be simply pressed, one at a time, onto the skin of the patient, the position where each electrode is to be applied suitably being identified by appropriate symbols placed on the rear surface of respective backpieces. It is found that the presence of body hair presents no problems in this respect, and that the electrodes will remain firmly in position, even should the patient jump barefooted onto the floor.
  • the skin of a normal person will not be marked by the suction applied thereto, apart from a faint red ring where the lip 13 has lain, even should the electrodes be left attached for thirty minutes.
  • all that need be done is to strip off the electrode plate 1 via the press-stud connector, wherewith the elastomeric insert 2 will follow suit, and to place new, or sterilized components on the backpiece 3, whereupon the electrode is ready for use with a further patient.
  • the components can be readily sterilized, and large numbers can be sterilized at the same time.
  • electrodes designed in accordance with the invention are extremely practical and hygienic, and permit examinations which have hitherto been troublesome, due to deficiences in electrode functions, to be carried out as a matter of routine. Because of the electrical reliability and stability of the electrode contact, these examinations can be carried out more quickly than was possible hitherto, and previously applied prolonged sampling methods can be shortened. In certain cases, particularly when the electrode is to be used for a longer period of time or for examinations where patients are placed under body stress, it may be suitable to incorporate in the electrode some form of liquid absorbing material, for example blotting paper or the like, this material being placed between the elastomeric component and the backpiece, and being discarded after use.
  • liquid absorbing material for example blotting paper or the like

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Electrode prévue notamment pour des examens d'électrocardiographie et analogues et qui est destinée à être fixée à l'aide d'un tuyau ou d'un tube, au moyen duquel un vide est appliqué à partir d'une source de vide, laquelle électrode comportant une plaque d'électrode électriquement conductrice (1 qui peut être accouplée à un instrument de mesure (par l'intermédiaire de 7) et s'applique contre une surface de la peau par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'une surface d'électrode (4), et un dispositif d'étanchéite (2) qui entoure la plaque d'électrode (1) et comporte une bague d'étanchéité (9) qui s'étend circonférentiel- lement autour de la plaque d'électrode et se termine par une lèvre d'étanchéité (13) et qui, lorsque l'électrode est dans sa position d'utilisation, est un butée contre ladite surface de sorte que, dans ladite position d'utilisation, ladite surface et ledit dispositif d'étanchéité définissent ensemble une cavité à laquelle un vide est appliqué à partir de ladite source de vide, ladite plaque d'électrode et ladite lèvre d'étanchéité (13) étant déplaçables l'une par rapport à l'autre, sous l'action d'une force élastique (par l'intermédiaire de 17), qui tend à séparer la plaque d'électrode d'un plan défini par ladite .lèvre d'étanchéité, depuis une position de travail (figure 3) dans une position de repos (figure 2), ledit déplacement étant conçu de manière à déclencher la fermeture de moyens formant valve de manière à interrompre l'établissement du vide dans ladite cavité sous vide, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre une pièce de soutien flexible (3) supportant la plaque d'électrode (1), en ce que la plaque d'électrode prend à la fois dans la position de travail et dans la position de repos, les mêmes positions par rapport à la pièce de soutien (3); et en ce que la lèvre d'étanchéité (13) est en appui sur une bague mobile (9) qui est repoussée contre la pièce de soutien (3) dans ladite position de travail.
2. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'à la fois la plaque d'électrode (1) et les moyens d'étanchéité (2) peuvent être retirés de la pièce de support (3) et être remplacés.
3. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif d'étanchéité comporte un composant monobloc élastomère (2) qui comprend ladite bague d'étanchéité (9) comportant la lèvre d'étanchéité (13); en ce que ladite bague d'étanchéité comporte, sur sa partie distante de la lèvre d'étanchéité (13), un diaphragme au centre duquel se trouve ménagé un trou (18), qui est prévu pour être traversé par une partie formant tige (5) de l'électrode; et en ce que la pièce de soutien (3) comporte des moyens de retenue (6) destinés à coopérer avec ladite formant tige (5).
4. Electrode selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le composant élastomère est muni de moyens élastiques (17) pouvant être comprimés en étant appliqués élastiquement en butée contre ladite pièce de soutien (3); en ce que la partie centrale dudit composant élastomère coopère avec la pièce de soutien par l'intermédiaire du premier dispositif d'étanchéité (15), sur le côté intérieur duquel le composant élastomère comporte au moins une ouverture percée de part en part (11) servant à établir un vide sur la face avant du dispositif d'étanchéité; et en ce qu'à l'extérieur de ladite ouverture percée de part en part (11) se trouve disposé un second dispositif d'étanchéité (14) servant à établir une étanchéité contre la face supérieure de la plaque d'électrode lorsque les moyens élastiques (17) sont à l'état détendu, non comprimé, l'action d'étanchéité de ce second dispositif d'étanchéité étant conçue de manière à cesser lorsque la bague d'étanchéité (9) est déplacée en direction de la pièce de soutien à l'encontre de l'action desdits moyens élastiques (17).
5. Electrode selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que le composant élastomère comporte au moins une ouverture percée de part en part (12) disposée entre la bague d'étanchéité (9) et ledit second dispositif d'étanchéité (14); et en ce que lesdits moyens élastiques (17) comportent une bride circonférentielle (17) qui est appliquée de façon étanche contre une lèvre d'étanchéité (16) située sur la pièce de soutien (3), ce qui a pour effet que, dans la position active, toutes les cavités de l'électrode sont en communication avec ladite source de vide.
6. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, lorsque l'électrode est dans la position active, la plaque d'électrode occupe une position rétractée par rapport à ladite lèvre d'étanchéité (13).
7. Electrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la surface (4) de la plaque d'électrode est concave.
8. Electrode selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la surface (4) de la plaque d'électrode comporte de petites parties saillantes.
9. Electrode selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que les moyens permettant de retenir de façon détachable la plaque d'électrode à la pièce de soutien comporte un mécanisme à broche de pression.
10. Electrode selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'accouplement de l'électrode à un instrument de mesure est réalisé par l'intermédiaire d'un conducteur électrique (7) de préférence blindé, qui s'étend à travers un tube ou un tuyau (8) d'établissement du vide, raccordé à la pièce de soutien.
11. Plaque d'électrode destinée à être utilisée avec une électrode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite plaque d'électrode possède une surface frontale (4) comportant une surface d'électrode recou- verte par une couche de chlorure d'argent, la face arrière de la plaque d'électrode étant équipée d'une tige (5) munie d'une partie épaissie au niveau de l'une de ses extrémités et constituant le composant mâle d'un raccord à broche de pression.
12. Plaque d'électrode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la surface frontale (4) comporte des parties saillantes disposées sur elle-même (figure 1).
EP84850320A 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 Electrode fixée par dépression Expired EP0143761B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84850320T ATE32977T1 (de) 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 Saugelektrode.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8305947A SE454941B (sv) 1983-10-28 1983-10-28 Elektrod, fastsugbar med vacuum, och en elektrodplatta for en elektrod, avsedd for t ex ekg-metningar
SE8305947 1983-10-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0143761A1 EP0143761A1 (fr) 1985-06-05
EP0143761B1 true EP0143761B1 (fr) 1988-03-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84850320A Expired EP0143761B1 (fr) 1983-10-28 1984-10-24 Electrode fixée par dépression

Country Status (31)

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US (1) US4646747A (fr)
EP (1) EP0143761B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS60111632A (fr)
KR (1) KR910005914B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE32977T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU574397B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8405422A (fr)
CA (1) CA1258694A (fr)
CS (1) CS274755B2 (fr)
DD (1) DD228170A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3438788A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK161300C (fr)
ES (1) ES537101A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI80200C (fr)
GB (2) GB2148719B (fr)
GR (1) GR80751B (fr)
HU (1) HU189435B (fr)
IE (1) IE55695B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL73297A (fr)
IN (1) IN162242B (fr)
MX (1) MX157470A (fr)
NO (1) NO162795C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ209986A (fr)
PH (1) PH21743A (fr)
PL (1) PL142388B1 (fr)
PT (1) PT79422B (fr)
RO (1) RO90230A (fr)
SE (1) SE454941B (fr)
SU (1) SU1475475A3 (fr)
YU (1) YU45672B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA848269B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021058465A1 (fr) 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 Mbnet Ag Électrode d'aspiration
WO2022063389A1 (fr) 2020-09-22 2022-03-31 Mbnet Ag Électrode d'aspiration

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IL73297A0 (en) 1985-01-31
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FI80200C (fi) 1990-05-10
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NZ209986A (en) 1988-08-30
DE3438788A1 (de) 1985-05-09
PL250211A1 (en) 1985-08-27
RO90230A (fr) 1986-09-30
SE8305947L (sv) 1985-04-29
JPH0472539B2 (fr) 1992-11-18
DD228170A5 (de) 1985-10-09
DK504484A (da) 1985-04-29
IE842766L (en) 1985-04-28
NO162795B (no) 1989-11-13
GB2160107A (en) 1985-12-18
AU3466684A (en) 1985-05-02
YU181184A (en) 1986-12-31
MX157470A (es) 1988-11-23
AU574397B2 (en) 1988-07-07
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KR910005914B1 (ko) 1991-08-08
HUT35505A (en) 1985-07-29
PH21743A (en) 1988-02-10
GR80751B (en) 1985-02-22
ES8602386A1 (es) 1985-12-01
IL73297A (en) 1990-07-12
DK504484D0 (da) 1984-10-23
IN162242B (fr) 1988-04-23
DK161300C (da) 1991-12-02
ATE32977T1 (de) 1988-04-15
BR8405422A (pt) 1985-09-03
GB2148719A (en) 1985-06-05
PL142388B1 (en) 1987-10-31
IE55695B1 (en) 1990-12-19
SU1475475A3 (ru) 1989-04-23
DE3469847D1 (en) 1988-04-21
PT79422B (en) 1986-10-20
CA1258694A (fr) 1989-08-22
SE8305947D0 (sv) 1983-10-28
CS274755B2 (en) 1991-10-15
ES537101A0 (es) 1985-12-01
GB8427112D0 (en) 1984-12-05
NO844221L (no) 1985-04-29
FI844193L (fi) 1985-04-29
DK161300B (da) 1991-06-24
PT79422A (en) 1984-11-01
NO162795C (no) 1990-02-21
GB2148719B (en) 1987-01-07
KR850002941A (ko) 1985-05-28
SE454941B (sv) 1988-06-13
ZA848269B (en) 1985-06-26
HU189435B (en) 1986-07-28
YU45672B (sh) 1992-07-20
EP0143761A1 (fr) 1985-06-05
US4646747A (en) 1987-03-03

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