EP0125374A2 - Dépôt transitoire pour déchets hautement radioactifs - Google Patents

Dépôt transitoire pour déchets hautement radioactifs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0125374A2
EP0125374A2 EP84100544A EP84100544A EP0125374A2 EP 0125374 A2 EP0125374 A2 EP 0125374A2 EP 84100544 A EP84100544 A EP 84100544A EP 84100544 A EP84100544 A EP 84100544A EP 0125374 A2 EP0125374 A2 EP 0125374A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage
storage container
cooling air
transitional
bearing according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84100544A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0125374A3 (en
EP0125374B1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Prof. Dr. Kugeler
Ulrich Jaroni
Wieland Kelm
Peter-W. Dr. Phlippen
Peter Dr. Schmidtlein
Manfred Dr. Kugeler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Kernforschungsanlage Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority to AT84100544T priority Critical patent/ATE44838T1/de
Publication of EP0125374A2 publication Critical patent/EP0125374A2/fr
Publication of EP0125374A3 publication Critical patent/EP0125374A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0125374B1 publication Critical patent/EP0125374B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/34—Disposal of solid waste
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F7/00—Shielded cells or rooms
    • G21F7/015—Room atmosphere, temperature or pressure control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/20—Disposal of liquid waste
    • G21F9/22—Disposal of liquid waste by storage in a tank or other container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a temporary storage facility for highly radioactive waste.
  • the transition camp has containers for holding the waste and a cooling system for removing the heat generated during the storage of the waste.
  • the cooling system includes a cooling air duct,
  • Transitional storage facilities are used to store processed high-level radioactive waste until it is reused or until it is brought into a final storage facility. Such waste arises from the reprocessing of nuclear fuel elements after their use in a nuclear reactor. Radioactive waste must also be disposed of when manufacturing radioactive phosphors or from isotope laboratories.
  • the highly radioactive substances are concentrated before they are stored. They are stored in suitable carrier substances or as calcine, which is obtained during reprocessing. Borosilicate glass, for example, is suitable as a carrier substance. It is known to use the highly radioactive materials in rustproof gas tight Include steel containers.
  • the highly radioactive waste is to be transferred to storage facilities that act as radiation shielding. In addition, care must also be taken to ensure that the heat generated during storage due to the decay of the radioactive substances, which is referred to as "post-decay heat", is dissipated so that the containers containing the radioactive waste and, if appropriate, the carrier substance itself containing the radioactive waste is not overheated by the heat. The warehouse is therefore cooled.
  • US Pat. No. 3,866,424 describes a storage facility for radioactive waste, in which the waste containers containing the waste are placed in storage tubes which are filled with a cooling liquid and also penetrate a cooling bath.
  • the cooling medium of the cooling bath is conducted in a primary cooling circuit via a heat exchanger, which is arranged outside the storage room. In the heat exchanger, the cooling medium transfers its heat to a working fluid circuit with a compressor and turbine.
  • additional secondary cooling devices are provided for the cooling bath itself, but also for the cooling liquid that is located in the bearing tubes.
  • the functionality and safety of this known cooling system primarily depends on the cooling of the waste via the cooling liquid in the storage tubes themselves. In the event of leaks within the bearing tubes, considerable disruptions must therefore be expected.
  • U.S. Patent 3,911,684 Another warehouse for radioactive waste is known from U.S. Patent 3,911,684.
  • storage tubes filled with waste are flushed with cooling air.
  • the cooling air is circulated for economic use, the heat carried along, for example, being able to be released via a heat exchanger to a working medium of a working medium circuit with a turbine. Redundancy of the system is not only achieved by arranging further heat exchangers in the cooling air circuit, but care is also taken to ensure that cooling air can flow into the storage space in the event of a malfunction using natural convection.
  • the disadvantage is that the cooling air in the storage room is difficult to guide so that local overheating is avoided. If a storage tube breaks, the highly radioactive waste is located directly in the cooling air flow.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a transition camp, in which, in addition to using the heat generated during operation, uniform heat dissipation is ensured even when emergency cooling is required. At the same time, even if the high-level radioactive waste is not overheated, it should be securely enclosed with the coolants of the cooling system. In addition, the transit camp should be as compact as possible without compromising its security.
  • a separate storage container is used in the storage room for filling of waste has suitable storage shafts.
  • the storage shafts are arranged in the storage container in an area which is surrounded by coolant lines which lead to the cooling medium flowing in the circuit for decoupling the heat between the storage space and the heat sink.
  • coolant lines By arranging the coolant lines directly in the storage container itself, there is a high heat transfer between the storage shafts and coolant lines.
  • the storage container is surrounded by a cooling jacket with cooling air channels, in which the cooling air is guided directly along the outer wall surface of the storage container.
  • the cooling air is used for emergency cooling of the system and can flow in forced or free convection. With free convection, the amount of air required to cool the storage room is set automatically. The airflow increases the warmer the storage container gets.
  • the cooling air ducts are closed during normal operation.
  • the storage container can be made polygonal or circular in cross section.
  • a very compact design is achieved according to claim 2 by designing the storage container in a cylindrical shape, filling openings for the highly radioactive waste in storage shafts running parallel to the container axis being provided on one of the end faces of the storage container.
  • the coolant lines are arranged in areas of the outer wall surface of the cylindrical storage container. These areas enclose the storage shafts.
  • the storage container preferably consists of parts that can be centered one inside the other, joints between the parts being radiation-shielding. Claim 3. The production of such segments is associated with increased effort. It is therefore expedient, according to claim 4, to provide cylindrical sections which can be assembled on the end face. Seals can be used in the ring grooves on the end faces.
  • the storage container In order to achieve a uniform temperature in the storage container and to avoid local overheating in the inner region of the storage shafts, the storage container also has coolant lines in the wall region of a central channel ; on, claim 5.
  • the channel also serves to guide cooling air that flows through the channel under the action of free convection.
  • the storage shafts are preferably sealed by lining the storage shafts with liners. Claim 6.
  • the liners lie flush against the shaft wall in order to achieve good heat transfer.
  • the coolant lines are also rolled into recesses in the storage container provided for this purpose.
  • the coolant lines preferably consist of double pipes, the connections for the coolant lines to the inlet and return for the coolant are to be made only on one side of the storage container.
  • the inner area of the double pipes serves as the coolant inlet to the other end of the coolant line, in the outer ring area of the double pipe, the warming coolant flows back, claim 8. This results in a favorable heat transfer.
  • a high heat conduction and radiation shielding is achieved according to claims 9 to 12 by forming the storage container from gray cast iron, nodular cast iron or cast steel. If the storage container is assembled from sections of gray cast iron, nodular cast iron or cast steel, these are clamped by means of tensioning cables which, in the case of cylindrical sections, run parallel to the container axis. To save space, the tensioning cables are laid in the storage container in tubular recesses which run parallel to and between the coolant lines. To seal the braced sections, the joints between them are made gas-tight. For this purpose, seals can be inserted in the joints. The joints are preferably welded.
  • the storage room has heat-resistant or overheating-protected storage walls.
  • the bearing walls can expediently be cooled by cooling air.
  • additional cooling air ducts run in an intermediate space between the cooling jacket and the storage container. Claims 13 to 15.
  • cooling air lines run in the bearing walls, which are at the bottom of the bearing room open into a distribution chamber from which the cooling air reaches the individual cooling air ducts.
  • the cooling air ducts are connected to the distribution chamber and, in order to discharge the heated cooling air, lead to a cooling air collecting space, in the ceiling of which at least one exhaust opening for the cooling air is provided.
  • the storage container and the cooling jacket rest on supports which are arranged in the distribution chamber so that cooling air can flow around them.
  • the cooling air channels expediently consist of elements which are open towards the storage container.
  • the legs of these elements point to the outer wall surface of the storage container, cooling air flowing in the remaining space between the element and the outer wall surface.
  • the transition camp consists of a storage room 1, the bearing walls 2 of which are embedded in the ground about two thirds.
  • a surface edge of the ground is given the reference number 3.
  • the part of the bearing walls 2 protruding above the surface of the ground has inflow openings 4 for cooling air, which can flow in via blockable cooling air lines 5 in the bearing walls 2 to the floor 6 of the storage room 1.
  • a storage container 7 which, for ease of assembly, consists of a large number of cylindrical sections 8, each of which is centered with its end faces placed on one another.
  • storage container 7 run parallel to the container axis 9 storage wells 10 into which waste containers 11 can be lowered via filler openings 12 on the upper end face of the cylindrical storage container 7 arranged vertically in the transition bearing in the exemplary embodiment.
  • Each filling opening 12 can be closed with a removable gas-tight cover system, the gas tightness of which can be checked.
  • the waste bins 11 are highly radioactive Waste filled.
  • the waste containers contain radioactive substances embedded in borosilicate glass.
  • the waste container itself is made of stainless steel. Instead of glazed radioactive waste, waste produced as calcine can also be introduced into the storage shafts 10.
  • the storage shafts are lined with a stainless steel liner 13. Joints 14 formed between the sections 8 are radiation shielding.
  • the end faces of the sections have annular shoulders that prevent direct beam passage.
  • the liner lies flush against the shaft wall and thus improves the heat transfer between waste containers 11 and storage shafts 10.
  • the lid system on the filling openings 12 is also gas-tight and radiation-shielding.
  • the storage shafts 10 are arranged in the storage container 7 within an area which is surrounded by coolant lines 15.
  • the coolant lines run in the storage container 7 both on its outer cylinder wall and in the wall area of a central channel 16 parallel to the container axis 9 and thus enclose the area of the storage container 7 in which the storage shafts 10 are located.
  • a coolant flows in the coolant lines 15 and is circulated, which is shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the coolant flows through coolant lines 15 via an inlet 17 and heats up in the coolant lines by absorbing the heat emitted by the radioactive waste in the storage shafts.
  • the heated cooling medium is via an outlet 18 led to a heat sink 19.
  • a heat exchanger for example, can be used as a heat sink, in which the cooling medium again releases its entrained heat.
  • the heat can also be transferred to the working medium of a working medium circuit with a turbine or can be fed directly to a consumer.
  • cooling with air is provided as an emergency cooling system.
  • the storage container 7 is surrounded by a cooling jacket 20 which has cooling air channels 21 in which the cooling air flows along the outer wall surface of the storage container 7 in free convection.
  • the cooling air channels 21 are connected to the bottom 6 of the storage room 1 at a distribution chamber 22, into which the cooling air from the free environment of the intermediate storage after opening
  • Cooling air lines 5 can flow into the bearing wall 2.
  • the cooling air channels 21 are open to the outer wall surface of the storage container 7, as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2. They consist of a cross-sectionally U-shaped element 23, the legs 24 of which point towards the outer wall surface of the storage container 7. An intermediate space is thus created between the outer wall surface of the storage container and inner wall surfaces of the U-shaped element 23, which space serves to guide the cooling air.
  • the cooling air flows through the cooling air channels 21 from bottom to top, is heated while absorbing the heat generated in the storage container and exits into a cooling air collecting space 25, in the ceiling 26 of which a discharge opening 27 is provided for the exit of the heated cooling air.
  • the storage container 7 is also supplied with cooling air from the distribution chamber 22 through the central duct 16.
  • the duct 16 like the other cooling air ducts 21, extends from the distribution chamber 22 to the cooling air collecting space 25.
  • the heated cooling air flowing out of the central duct 16 is also discharged into the open via the exhaust air chimneys 28.
  • the coolant lines 15 are rolled into recesses provided in the sections 8 after assembly of the sections.
  • the coolant lines thus have good heat-conducting contact in the storage container 7.
  • the coolant lines are designed as double pipes, which at their lower end 31 apart from a gap between the inner pipe space 32 and the annular space 33
  • the inlet 17 for the cooling medium opens into the inner tube space 32, the outlet 18 is connected to the annular space 33.
  • the coolant thus flows through the coolant line first in the inner tube space 32, is deflected at the lower end 31 and is guided to the outlet 18 in the annular space 33.
  • the heat absorption takes place essentially in the annular space 33 of the coolant line.
  • the sections 8 are made of cast steel in order to ensure high thermal conductivity between the storage shafts 10 and coolant lines 15 and to the outer wall surface of the storage container 7 to reach, along which the cooling air flows.
  • the sections 8 are clamped together by means of tensioning cables 34.
  • the tensioning cables run in tubular recesses 35, which are arranged in the outer wall area of the storage container between the coolant lines 15. This results in a compact, space-saving design of the storage container 7.
  • the bracing of the sections 8 is necessary in order to ensure the cohesion of the sections, in particular in the event of faults.
  • the radioactive waste introduced into the storage shafts 10 thus always remains safely enclosed.
  • the sections 8 are welded at their joints 14 from the inside and outside. Instead of welding the parts, can be 'insert seals in annular grooves on the end face of the sections.
  • the bearing walls 2 of the storage room 1 either consist of heat-resistant material, for example gray cast iron, or, as in the exemplary embodiment, they are protected against overheating.
  • an overheating protection 36 made of fireclay brick is used in the areas of concrete bearing walls that delimit storage space 1.
  • outer cooling air channels 37 are provided in the wall area.
  • the cooling air channels are formed by cooling ring segments 38 which are arranged in the space between the cooling jacket 20 of the storage container 7 and the bearing walls 2.
  • the outer cooling air channels 37 are designed open to the cooling jacket 20.
  • the bearing wall has flow ribs 39 which overheat due to the swirling of the cooling air flow counteract the bearing wall.
  • cooling air ducts In the area of the cooling air ducts, water cooling is additionally provided, which is not shown in the drawing.
  • the heat absorbed by the cooling water is used in the exemplary embodiment for preheating hot water that can be dissipated to consumers.
  • supports 40 are arranged on which the storage container 7 rests.
  • Supports 40a are also provided for the cooling jacket 20 and the outer cooling air channels 37.
  • the supports 40 and 40a can be flowed around by the cooling air that can be introduced into the distribution chamber 22, so that the cooling air can penetrate unhindered into all channels of the cooling air system. It is also provided for cooling the foundation on the floor 6 of the storage room 1 and for cooling the supports 40, 40a themselves.
  • the central channel 16 is filled with trickle bodies 41, on which a liquid coolant can flow, which can be introduced into the storage space 1 via a feed line 42.
  • the supply line 42 opens at the upper end of the central channel 16 and is opened in an emergency if, in addition to the emergency cooling of the transition camp by means of cooling air or instead of this air cooling, a further temperature reduction of the storage tank 7 is to be carried out.
  • the coolant flowing in via the supply line 42 can also be sprayed onto the outer wall surface of the storage container 7.
  • coolant lines 43 are inserted in the cooling air channels 21, of which, for the sake of clarity, in FIG. 2 only one of the coolant lines is located.
  • the coolant lines 43 have spray nozzles distributed over their length, through which the coolant is distributed over the outer wall surface of the storage container 7. During the heat absorption, the coolant evaporates on the outer wall surface of the storage container and on the trickle bodies, which are also heated.
  • connection tunnels 44 and entrance locks 45 required for introducing the radioactive waste are also shown schematically in FIG.
  • the highly radioactive waste is moved into the storage room 1 in transport containers 46 via the entrance lock 45.
  • In the storage room 1 there is a loading platform 47 with crane systems.
  • the waste containers 11 filled with waste are filled into the storage shafts 10 of the storage containers 7.
  • the gas transfer storage facility has a total height of approximately 40 m. Around 23 m of this are surrounded by soil, 17 m protrude from its surface 3.
  • the outer diameter of the transition camp is about 15 m.
  • the storage room has a room diameter of approximately 9 m, the storage container is designed with an outer diameter of approximately 6 m.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
EP84100544A 1983-01-20 1984-01-19 Dépôt transitoire pour déchets hautement radioactifs Expired EP0125374B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84100544T ATE44838T1 (de) 1983-01-20 1984-01-19 Uebergangslager fuer hochradioaktiven abfall.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3301735 1983-01-20
DE3301735A DE3301735C2 (de) 1983-01-20 1983-01-20 Übergangslager für hochradioaktiven Abfall

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0125374A2 true EP0125374A2 (fr) 1984-11-21
EP0125374A3 EP0125374A3 (en) 1986-11-05
EP0125374B1 EP0125374B1 (fr) 1989-07-19

Family

ID=6188706

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84100544A Expired EP0125374B1 (fr) 1983-01-20 1984-01-19 Dépôt transitoire pour déchets hautement radioactifs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4634875A (fr)
EP (1) EP0125374B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59193000A (fr)
AT (1) ATE44838T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3301735C2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3500989A1 (de) * 1985-01-14 1986-07-17 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Lager zur aufnahme radioaktiver abfallstoffe
RU2530538C2 (ru) * 2012-06-08 2014-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" . Способ временного хранения радиоактивных отходов
CN109859873A (zh) * 2019-01-14 2019-06-07 国核工程有限公司 一种乏燃料干式贮存模块的冷却装置

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UA128206C2 (uk) 2017-11-03 2024-05-08 Холтек Інтернешнл Спосіб зберігання високорадіоактивних відходів
CN108461167B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2021-08-24 中广核工程有限公司 核电厂乏燃料干式贮存用立式筒仓
KR102603518B1 (ko) * 2019-02-15 2023-11-21 홀텍 인터내셔날 고준위 핵폐기물을 포함하는 캐스크용 냉각 시스템
EP4173007A4 (fr) 2020-06-25 2024-07-24 Holtec International Fût à commande de ventilation pour le stockage de combustible nucléaire usé

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US3111586A (en) * 1961-08-25 1963-11-19 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Air-cooled shipping container for nuclear fuel elements
GB2009657A (en) * 1977-12-09 1979-06-20 Steag Kernenergie Gmbh Shielded transport or storage container for radioactive wastes
DE3131126A1 (de) * 1981-08-06 1983-02-24 GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH, 4300 Essen "abschirmanordnung fuer die lagerung, insbesondere zwischenlagerung, und den transport von bestrahlten kernreaktorbrennelementen

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US3113215A (en) * 1961-02-27 1963-12-03 Stanray Corp Cask construction for radioactive material
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JPS5879A (ja) * 1981-06-25 1983-01-05 雪印乳業株式会社 凍結乾燥法

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FR1290757A (fr) * 1960-06-08 1962-04-13 Atomic Energy Commission Container de transport pour matière radio-active
US3111586A (en) * 1961-08-25 1963-11-19 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Air-cooled shipping container for nuclear fuel elements
GB2009657A (en) * 1977-12-09 1979-06-20 Steag Kernenergie Gmbh Shielded transport or storage container for radioactive wastes
DE3131126A1 (de) * 1981-08-06 1983-02-24 GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH, 4300 Essen "abschirmanordnung fuer die lagerung, insbesondere zwischenlagerung, und den transport von bestrahlten kernreaktorbrennelementen

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DE3500989A1 (de) * 1985-01-14 1986-07-17 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Lager zur aufnahme radioaktiver abfallstoffe
RU2530538C2 (ru) * 2012-06-08 2014-10-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Российский концерн по производству электрической и тепловой энергии на атомных станциях" . Способ временного хранения радиоактивных отходов
CN109859873A (zh) * 2019-01-14 2019-06-07 国核工程有限公司 一种乏燃料干式贮存模块的冷却装置
CN109859873B (zh) * 2019-01-14 2020-12-01 国核工程有限公司 一种乏燃料干式贮存模块的冷却装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0125374A3 (en) 1986-11-05
EP0125374B1 (fr) 1989-07-19
DE3301735C2 (de) 1986-04-10
JPS59193000A (ja) 1984-11-01
US4634875A (en) 1987-01-06
DE3301735A1 (de) 1984-08-16
ATE44838T1 (de) 1989-08-15

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