EP0116647B1 - Feueralarmanlage - Google Patents

Feueralarmanlage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116647B1
EP0116647B1 EP83901736A EP83901736A EP0116647B1 EP 0116647 B1 EP0116647 B1 EP 0116647B1 EP 83901736 A EP83901736 A EP 83901736A EP 83901736 A EP83901736 A EP 83901736A EP 0116647 B1 EP0116647 B1 EP 0116647B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
fire
light
signals
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP83901736A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0116647A4 (de
EP0116647A1 (de
Inventor
Kiyoshi Matoba
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nohmi Bosai Ltd
Original Assignee
Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Nohmi Bosai Kogyo Co Ltd
Publication of EP0116647A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116647A1/de
Publication of EP0116647A4 publication Critical patent/EP0116647A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0116647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0116647B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/181—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/183—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using active radiation detection systems by interruption of a radiation beam or barrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire alarm system and in particular to an alarm system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • fire detectors which are designed as heat, ionization, scattered light smoke, extinction or radiation detectors, are installed at desired locations in buildings, factories, underground markets, tunnels, hangars, department stores or the like.
  • the connection between these detectors and a control center is established by lines that are used for the power supply and for the transmission of signals.
  • This is e.g. B. in the Japanese utility model application with the publication no. 39518/1980. Accordingly, the length of the signal conductors used is very long and the wiring costs are particularly high.
  • a fire detection system is described in the Japanese laid-open publication JP-OS 52/60600, the optical smoke detectors of which are connected in parallel to a detection center.
  • a larger number of optical sensors were arranged between a light transmitter and a light receiver, which controls an alarm device, in such a way that the signals for intrusion and for fire are transmitted to the light receiver or alarm device via a single light beam be transmitted.
  • Each of the sensors has two light-sensitive receiving cells, one of which is provided for the detection of intrusion and the other for the detection of smoke particles according to the scattering principle.
  • An electrical circuit arranged in each sensor ensures that when burglary or fire is detected, the only light beam is modulated with a specific identification frequency assigned to the addressed sensor. In this way, the addressed sensor is identified in the alarm device.
  • the disadvantage is that the alarm device receives no information regarding the difference between fire and intrusion.
  • Another disadvantage is that the light beam is interrupted in the event of a break-in and no information about the break-in or about a fire, e.g. B. at another point in the extensive system, passed on to the alarm device. A burglar can put the entire alarm system out of operation by covering the light switch at any point.
  • Another disadvantage is the fact that each sensor addressed the z. B. distributed over several floors of a building alarm system by an operator by hand again.
  • the invention avoids these disadvantages by arranging at least two optical smoke detectors of the extinction type and an electronic circuit in each transmitter and receiver of each smoke detector in accordance with the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • the extinction smoke detector consists of a light transmitter with an element for emitting light and a circuit for generating light, as well as a light receiver with a photoelectric element and a circuit for identifying the fire.
  • Light transmitters and light receivers are installed in different locations with a distance of 10 m to several hundred meters. If smoke enters the path between the light transmitter and receiver, the light beam is attenuated or extinguished. This phenomenon is used to calculate or determine a fire. So far, the light beam has only been used for smoke detection. The signal transmission was carried out by additional means.
  • Various experiments by the inventor showed that an attenuation of the intensity of the light beam in the order of magnitude of 20% to 30% reliably ensures smoke detection, and that an attenuation of 100%, i. H.
  • the inventor had the idea of using the light beam between the light transmitter and receiver for signal transmission.
  • the light beam is used as a carrier for a signal for fire detection or for other signals, the carrier or light beam being modulated with the signal to be transmitted.
  • the number of lines required for signal transmission can be considerably reduced.
  • the unfavorable influence of the electrical interference signals is eliminated.
  • the attenuation of the light beam in the area used for smoke detectors had no significant impact on the signal for fire detection or on. exerts other signals.
  • FIG. 1 shows a factory building 1 or the like with four separate extinction smoke detectors A, B, C, D and a receiving unit 4 for a fire signal.
  • the smoke detectors A, B, C, D contain the light projectors 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d and the light receivers 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d in pairs.
  • the reference symbols La, Lb, Lc, Ld denote the light beams and the reference symbols lab, Ibe, Icd signal lines, via which the outputs of the light receivers 3a, 3b, 3c of the previous smoke detector with the light projectors 2b, 2c, 2d of the following smoke detector are connected.
  • the signal line Idy connects the output of the light receiver 3d of the smoke detector D to the receiving unit 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a block diagram a typical arrangement of the light projector 2 and the light receiver 3, which represent the separate smoke detectors A, B, C, D.
  • the light projector 2 contains a circuit 21 which supplies a light emission element 22 in the form of an LED with the necessary current, an encoder 23, a parallel / series converter 24 and a modulation circuit 25.
  • the encoder 23 has a plurality of input terminals t11 to t1 and is used to convert a decimal code applied externally to the input terminals into a BCD or binary-coded decimal code. This then arrives at the converter 24, which is designed as a shift register or the like, and is subjected to a parallel / series conversion.
  • the series output of the converter 24 is given to the modulator 25, which also receives the output from the power supply circuit 21. Now the current of the circuit 21 is modulated.
  • the element 22 generates the correspondingly modulated light L.
  • the light receiver 3 consists of a photoelectric element 31, e.g. B. a solar cell, an amplifier 32, a rectifier 33, a circuit 34 for identifying or differentiating fire, a demodulator 35, a series / parallel converter 36 and a decoder 37.
  • the decoder 37 consists, for. B. from a matrix and is used to convert the BCD code into a decimal code signal for transmission, which is at the output terminals t21 to t2n.
  • the decoder 37 receives its inputs from the circuit 34 for distinguishing fire and from the series / parallel converter 36, which can be designed as a shift register and is used to convert the series signal into the parallel signal.
  • the receiving circuit 38 for the fire signal is then arranged in the receiver 3 or projector 2 or in the vicinity if fire detectors of the spot type such. B. heat, ionization or scattered light detectors can be used in addition to the separate extinction smoke detector.
  • the circuit 38 receiving the dc3 fire signal is connected to the spot-type fire detectors DE1 to DEn. Circuit 38 outputs the signal to decoder 37 (or encoder 23).
  • the light elements 22 of the light projector 2 which receive their direct current supply from the corresponding circuit 21, send light beams La, Lb, Lc, Ld to the photoelectric elements 31 of the light receivers 3a to 3d.
  • the outputs of the received light signals are previously set above a certain value, so that the output signal of the photoelectric element 31 in the normal state cannot pass as a fire alarm signal via amplifier 32, rectifier 33 and discriminator 34.
  • a fire is now assumed in the second zone or in the area monitored by smoke detector B (projector 2b, receiver 3b).
  • the emerging smoke attenuates the intensity of the light beam Lb, which leads to a reduction in the output level of the photoelectric element 31 in the receiver 3b below a previously set threshold or reference value.
  • This change in the level of the output signal of the element 31 is evaluated in the amplifier 32, rectifier 33 and discriminator 34 as a fire indication signal and sent to the decoder 37.
  • a logic signal with the level “H” appears at the output terminal t22 of the decoder 37.
  • This output terminal corresponds to the second monitoring zone.
  • the logic signal "H” now reaches the input terminal t12 of the light projector 2c of the following smoke detector C.
  • the other input terminals t21, t23 to t2n of the light projector 2c remain at the logic level "L".
  • the logic signal “H” is brought into a corresponding BCD code in the light projector 2c by the encoder 23, which is converted into a series code in the parallel / series converter 24 and is given in the modulator 25.
  • modulator 25 modulates the current from source 21 in the manner shown at b in Figure 3.
  • the light beam Lc emitted by the emission element 22 undergoes pulse modulation according to FIG. 3 at c.
  • the light beam Lc modulated in this way is received in the photoelectric element 31 of the subsequent light receiver 3c and is fed into the discriminator 34 via amplifier 32, rectifier 33.
  • the input signal of the discriminator 34 is naturally above a preset value, because the intensity of the light beam Lc is not damped. Therefore, discriminator 34 does not generate a fire indicating signal.
  • the output signal of the amplifier 32 which is pulse-modulated in accordance with the modulated light beam Lc, reaches the demodulator 35, which detects the pulse signal and generates a series code signal according to FIG. 3 at c. This series code signal is converted in converter 36 into a corresponding parallel BCD code.
  • the output signals from converter 36 and discrimina Gate 34 are placed in the decoder, which converts them into a decimal code.
  • discriminator 34 does not generate a fire signal.
  • Only converter 36 has converted the parallel BCD code into the decimal code signal intended for output terminals t21 to t2n.
  • This signal transmission takes place in the same way between the receiver 3c, projector 2d and receiver 3d. That at the output terminal t22 of the last one
  • the signal of the receiver 3d standing with the level " H" is given to the receiving unit 4. This takes place via line Id4, which is part of many lines, for example ..
  • the receiving unit 4 actuates a relay, not shown, assigned to the second zone, the triggers the alarm and indicates the fire in the second zone, thus ensuring that when at least one smoke detector, which is provided in large numbers in the system, responds, only the output terminal assigned to this smoke detector has a signal whose level of « L has changed to "H" This "H" level is displayed as a fire-indicating signal via the downstream smoke detectors and light beams up to the emp Transfer unit 4, which actuates a relay assigned to this zone, so that a fire alarm with zone identification is triggered.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the light beams which are used for smoke detection are also used as carriers for a signal which indicates error and fault states in machine tools.
  • Two separate extinction smoke detectors E and F are accommodated in a factory building 5, in which a first group of machine tools 7e1, 7e2, 7e3 with a control panel 8e and a second group of machine tools 7f1, 7f2, 7f3 with a general control panel 8f are accommodated. If an error or a malfunction occurs on the machine tools, an error display signal is sent via control panel 8e or 8f to the light projector 2'e or 2'f.
  • the smoke detectors E and F consisting of the light projectors 2'e and 2'f and light receivers 3'e and 3'f, are installed separately on the walls of the factory building.
  • the output terminals of the receiver 3'e belonging to the smoke detector E are connected to the light projector 2'f of the next smoke detector F via the signal line lef.
  • the output terminals of the light receiver 3'f are connected to the fire-detecting unit 6 via signal line If6.
  • the error signal which was entered into the light projector 2'e or 2'f via the control panel 8e or 8f, is transmitted to the light receiver 3'f via the light beam Le and / or Lf and to the monitor 9 via the line 1f9.
  • the monitor 9 provides information on which machine tool the fault or the error has occurred.
  • FIG. 5 shows in a block diagram the typical arrangement of the light projector 2 'and light receiver 3' which belong to a separate extinction smoke detector E or F. If a malfunction occurs in one of the machine tools of FIG. 4, one of the decimal codes previously prepared for each machine tool and representing the error is given to the input terminals t11 to t1 of the light projector 2 '. This is done externally via the assigned control panel 8e or 8f.
  • the light beam L generated by the light projector 2 ' is correspondingly pulse-modulated. This light beam subjected to pulse modulation is received and demodulated by the light receiver 3 '.
  • the decimal code signal thus generated is taken from the output terminals t21 to t2n. 5 operates in a similar manner to that of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the light projector 2 'of Figure 5 consists of the following components: a light emission element 2'2, z. B. LED, which works in the visible or infrared spectrum, a circuit 2'1 for powering the element 2'2, a signal input circuit 2'7 and a modulator 2'5 for pulse modulation of the current for the element 2'2 with Output signal of the input circuit 2'7.
  • the input circuit 2'7 contains an input gate circuit 2'6 consisting of AND gates or the like, an encoder 2'3 consisting of a matrix or the like for converting a decimal code into a parallel BCD code and a parallel / series - Converter 2'4 with shift register 2'9 start generator 2'0 and clock generator 2'8.
  • the light receiver 3 'of Figure 5 contains the following components: a photoelectric element 3'1, z. B. a solar cell, an amplifier 3'2, a rectifier 3'3, a circuit 3'4 for distinguishing and identifying fires with a comparator, circuit and others, which circuit generates a fire signal as soon as the electrical signal representing the intensity of the light beam as a result of the attenuated light beam falling below a certain value, a demodulator 3'5 for detecting the pulse signal extracted from the received light beam signal, a signal output circuit 3'8 with a shift register 3'0 and detection circuit 3'00 for the start signal existing serial / parallel converter for converting the serial code into a parallel code, a decoder 3'7 consisting of a matrix or the like for converting the parallel BCD code into a decimal code and an output gate circuit 3 ' 9.
  • a photoelectric element 3'1, z. B. a solar cell an amplifier 3'2, a rectifier 3'3, a circuit 3'4 for distinguishing
  • the emission element 2'2 receives its feed current from the source 2'1 and sends the light beam L onto the photoelectric element 3'1 of the light receiver 3 '. If the intensity of the light beam L is attenuated due to smoke originating from a fire, the level of the output signal of the photoelectric element 3'1 drops below the determined value. Circuit 3'4 generates the fire signal that is passed to the decoder 3'7. It is now assumed that the fire breaks out in the first zone monitored by the smoke detector E. The decoder 3'7 now causes a high level “H ” at the corresponding output terminal t21 of the output gate circuit 3'9.
  • the level “H” at the output terminal t22 the exit gate circuit 3'9 stand.
  • the signal transmission for fire detection or fault notification in machine tools by means of the input terminals t11 to t1 of the light projector 2 ' is accomplished in the manner described below.
  • the input gate circuit 2'6 is by the timing signal of the timing generator 2'8 at certain times, for. B. open every second. As a result, the signal at the input terminal t11 to t1n of the circuit 2'6 is input into the encoder 2'3. At this point it should be pointed out that the signal to be entered into the encoder 2'3 is in the decimal code.
  • the encoder 2'3 converts the decimal code into a corresponding BCD code, which is then put into the shift register 2'9.
  • the circuit 2'0 generates a start code, controlled by the clock, for the start signal which is put into the shift register 2'9.
  • the shift register converts the parallel code consisting of the start code and the BCD code into a series code, which then reaches the modulator 2'5.
  • the series code the feed current of the light emission element 2'5 is subject to pulse modulation, which is shown in FIG. 6 at a.
  • the light beam L is pulse modulated by the emission element 2'5 according to FIG. 6b.
  • the demodulator 3'5 When the start signal is detected by the demodulator 3'5 from the output signal of the photoelectric element 3'1 amplified in the amplifier 3'2, the demodulator 3'5 simultaneously undertakes the following steps: it demodulates the modulated input signal back into a series pulse Code for the shift register 3'0 and blocks the output gate circuit 3'9 to prevent signal generation.
  • the shift register 3'0 only converts the BCD code part of the input series code into a parallel code which is given to the decoder 37.
  • the latter converts the BCD code into a decimal code signal for the output gate circuit 3'9.
  • the start code is determined by the circuit 3'00, whereupon the output gate circuit 3'9 is opened.
  • the decimal code signal can reach the detector of the following level and the alarm receiver 6 or monitor 9 and indicate a fire or fault or error.
  • the operation of the light receiver 3 ' is repeated at all times.
  • the demodulator 3'5 detects the modulated signal and effects the signal transmission.
  • the signal generation for displaying fire or malfunction or errors in machine tools has been described.
  • the signal transmission can also easily be used in a security system against burglary.
  • the light emission elements 22 and 2'2 are continuously ignited by the direct current from the sources 21 and 2'1 (FIGS. 2 and 5), they can be operated with a pulsed current and thus send a pulsed light beam.
  • not only amplitude modulation, but frequency or phase modulation can be used for the modulation of the feed current by the modulator 25 or 2'5.
  • the signal can 5 which enters the input circuit 2'7 of the light projector 2 'or is generated in the output circuit 3'8 according to FIG. 5, can be used instead of the decimal code as a BCD code, FM or AM signals.
  • the signal lines lab, Ibc, lcd, Idy can be replaced by light beams for signal transmission.
  • Each of the light receivers 3a, 3b, 3c has a circuit for pulse generation and an element for emitting light.
  • the circuit for pulse generation is operated with a series BCD code, so that the element emits a pulsed light beam.
  • Each of the light projectors 2b, 2c, 2d has a photoelectric element which is either arranged opposite the light-emitting element or is connected to it via a glass fiber.
  • a converter is also provided in each light projector, which converts the series code signal generated in the photoelectric element into the parallel code. To prevent incorrectly transmitted signals, as was indicated in connection with FIG.
  • the light projector 2 ' can be constructed in such a way that the same signal is transmitted three times in succession.
  • the light receiver 3 ' contains three shift registers 3'0 for the three same signals. If the contents of two shift registers match, which is continuously determined by a coincidence circuit, the signal stored in the two shift registers reaches decoder 3'7.
  • an input gate can be provided on the output side of the decoder and an output gate on the input side of the decoder.
  • the invention shows that the light beam which is sent from the light projector to the light receiver is used as a transmission carrier for signals which serve for smoke detection, smoke elimination, error display and information in fire systems, burglar alarm systems and machine tools.
  • the usual lines are reduced to a minimum.
  • the wrong signals which are generated during the transmission by electrical disturbances, are eliminated.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
EP83901736A 1982-06-08 1983-06-07 Feueralarmanlage Expired - Lifetime EP0116647B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP96948/82 1982-06-08
JP57096948A JPS58214995A (ja) 1982-06-08 1982-06-08 火災報知設備

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116647A1 EP0116647A1 (de) 1984-08-29
EP0116647A4 EP0116647A4 (de) 1987-07-16
EP0116647B1 true EP0116647B1 (de) 1990-03-28

Family

ID=14178518

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83901736A Expired - Lifetime EP0116647B1 (de) 1982-06-08 1983-06-07 Feueralarmanlage

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4594581A (ja)
EP (1) EP0116647B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS58214995A (ja)
CH (1) CH664636A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE3390038T1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1983004450A1 (ja)

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US5912619A (en) * 1997-12-31 1999-06-15 Wells Fargo Alarm Systems, Inc. Security system using optical sensors
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US6172612B1 (en) 1999-06-04 2001-01-09 Mark Odachowski Smoke detector with remote testing, shutoff and powering means
DE10012705B4 (de) * 2000-03-08 2006-09-14 Torsten Dipl.-Ing. Clauß Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Früherkennen und Bekämpfen von Feuer im Innen- und Außenbereich, insbesondere Wohnbereich, von Häusern und Gebäuden
NO313348B1 (no) * 2000-07-25 2002-09-16 Pyrone As Anordning for varsling av unormale driftstilstander i elektriske apparater, samt anvendelse derav
AU2003902319A0 (en) 2003-05-14 2003-05-29 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Laser video detector
CN100403347C (zh) * 2004-09-18 2008-07-16 清华大学深圳研究生院 干涉式光电感烟火灾探测方法及其装置
DE602005027374D1 (de) * 2004-10-18 2011-05-19 Kidde Portable Equipment Inc Frequenzkommunikationsschema in lebenserhaltenden vorrichtungen
DE602005020044D1 (de) * 2004-10-18 2010-04-29 Kidde Portable Equipment Inc Gateway-einrichtung zur verbindung eines systems mit live-safety-einrichtungen
DE602005018671D1 (de) * 2004-10-18 2010-02-11 Kidde Portable Equipment Inc Warnungs-silencing bei niedrigem batteriestand in lebenserhaltenden vorrichtungen
WO2006050570A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-18 Vfs Technologies Limited Particle detector, system and method
CN101952709B (zh) * 2007-11-15 2015-06-24 爱克斯崔里斯科技有限公司 颗粒探测
JP6009802B2 (ja) * 2012-04-27 2016-10-19 ホーチキ株式会社 火災感知器
CN104408847A (zh) * 2014-10-30 2015-03-11 成都市幻多奇软件有限公司 一种无线红外报警装置
ES2919300T3 (es) 2016-11-11 2022-07-22 Carrier Corp Detección basada en fibra óptica de alta sensibilidad
EP3539108B1 (en) 2016-11-11 2020-08-12 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
US11127270B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-09-21 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
US11151853B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-10-19 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
US10957176B2 (en) 2016-11-11 2021-03-23 Carrier Corporation High sensitivity fiber optic based detection
CN115482643B (zh) * 2022-08-24 2024-02-02 清华大学 火灾烟雾探测器及其探测方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0116647A4 (de) 1987-07-16
US4594581A (en) 1986-06-10
JPS58214995A (ja) 1983-12-14
WO1983004450A1 (en) 1983-12-22
CH664636A5 (de) 1988-03-15
JPH0136159B2 (ja) 1989-07-28
EP0116647A1 (de) 1984-08-29
DE3390038C2 (ja) 1991-11-14
DE3390038T1 (de) 1984-08-23

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