EP0106371B1 - Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis - Google Patents

Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0106371B1
EP0106371B1 EP83111087A EP83111087A EP0106371B1 EP 0106371 B1 EP0106371 B1 EP 0106371B1 EP 83111087 A EP83111087 A EP 83111087A EP 83111087 A EP83111087 A EP 83111087A EP 0106371 B1 EP0106371 B1 EP 0106371B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
control
magnetic
variable inductor
direct current
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83111087A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0106371A3 (en
EP0106371A2 (de
Inventor
Gérald Roberge
André Doyon
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Hydro Quebec
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Hydro Quebec
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Publication of EP0106371A2 publication Critical patent/EP0106371A2/de
Publication of EP0106371A3 publication Critical patent/EP0106371A3/fr
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Publication of EP0106371B1 publication Critical patent/EP0106371B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F21/00—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type
    • H01F21/02—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers
    • H01F21/08—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers by varying the permeability of the core, e.g. by varying magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F29/146—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a variable inductance device and relates more particularly to a device, the effective permeability of which is controlled by a closed magnetic circuit through which a magnetic flux with constant and adjustable current flows.
  • variable inductance device or variable inductance • will be used interchangeably.
  • the magnetic control circuit is mounted with respect to the alternating current circuits so as to form a common space between the magnetic control circuit and the magnetic alternating current circuit of each of the phases where the direct field is superposed orthogonally to the alternating field of the corresponding phase in order to produce a variable inductance phenomenon by modifying the value of the direct current magnetic field flowing through the magnetic control circuit.
  • a disadvantage of such a three-phase device lies in the fact that its three magnetic alternating current circuits have two common points, since, in certain three-phase applications, the alternating magnetic circuits of the three phases must be entirely independent of each other , that is to say have no common part and offer no possibility of return of the flow of one phase by the other two phases.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, relating to known devices, and further aims to provide an inductance with a low level of harmonics by appropriate control of its permeability or reluctance.
  • the present invention relates to a variable inductor for three-phase circuit comprising for each of its phases a first magnetic circuit formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field circulates, the variable inductor further comprising a magnetic circuit closed control, also formed of an anisotropic material, through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows.
  • the magnetic control circuit is arranged with respect to each of the first magnetic circuits so as to define for each phase at least one common magnetic space in which the respective alternating and continuous magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of these common spaces according to a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the magnetic control circuit and thereby controlling the permeability of the first magnetic circuits to the alternating field.
  • the first magnetic circuits are closed towards the outside of the magnetic control circuit so as to have no common point between them and are formed from respective ferromagnetic phase cores each coupled to a phase of a current source.
  • the magnetic control circuit being formed of a ferromagnetic control core, and each of the ferromagnetic phase cores being arranged relative to the control core so as to define between them the common magnetic space.
  • Figure 1 presents a three-phase model of the variable inductance.
  • the alternating current phase windings, PA, PB and PC are carried respectively by the phase cores MA, MB and MC of the same cross section through each of which circulates an alternating magnetic field of corresponding phase.
  • Each phase core MA, MB and MC has a branch mounted orthogonally to the magnetic control core N, the winding E1-E2 of which is excited by a source of constant but adjustable direct current.
  • the intersections of the cores MA, MB and MC with the magnetic control core N define three junction zones D3, D4 and D5 belonging to the magnetic core N and subsequently called "common magnetic spaces".
  • the orthogonal arrangement of the three magnetic cores MA, MB and MC with respect to the core N has the effect of producing in the common magnetic spaces D3, D4 and D5 a magnetic torque proportional to the value, in the control core N, of the magnetic field direct current, which polarizes the dipoles of these common magnetic spaces. Because of this orthogonal arrangement, the alternating magnetic fluxes and the continuous magnetic flux cannot take the same path; the direct current magnetic field orients, by polarizing them, the magnetic dipoles of the common magnetic spaces so as to act on the permeability of the magnetic circuits excited by the alternating current windings PA-PA, PB-PB and PC-PC as it is longed for.
  • the cores MA, MB, MC and N are made of ferromagnetic materials with the same cross section, either ferrite or rolled iron, and therefore have an inherent anisotropic property.
  • the dipoles of the common spaces D3, D4 and D5 in the absence of a DC polarizing field N tend to orient in the direction of the alternating magnetic field produced by the corresponding phase, the permeability of each nucleus MA, MB and MC then being a measure of the ease with which the magnetic dipoles orient themselves in the direction of this exciting field.
  • the MA, MB and MC nuclei become saturated when their dipoles are completely oriented in the direction of the corresponding alternating magnetic field.
  • This three-phase variable inductance device therefore essentially consists in producing in common magnetic spaces a direct current magnetic field, which has the effect of opposing the rotation of the dipoles of these common spaces for adequate control of the effective permeability of alternating magnetic circuits. It is clear that the common magnetic spaces are established between the phase cores MA, MB and MC and the control core N, as described above and illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the phases of the cores MA, MB and MC are not arranged symmetrically so that this circuit is not optimal as regards the length of the phase cores, their junctions and their geometric arrangement with respect to to the control nucleus N.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a symmetrical arrangement of the three-phase variable inductance in which the phase cores MA, MB and MC form an angle of 120 ° relative to each other and are mechanically mounted on the control core N which is hexagonal in shape.
  • This arrangement of Figure 3 allows a range of variations of the impé dance in the same order of magnitude as in the previous case and a significant reduction in relative losses, therefore an increase in the quality factor of the inductance.
  • This type of construction does not show magnetic legs for the return of the flow in transient regime.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 allows elimination of the third and ninth harmonic currents by means of a star connection of the three windings PA-PA, PB-PB and PC-PC, with floating neutral, not connected to ground, and the elimination of the third and ninth harmonic fluxes using a superposed secondary winding, PSA-PSA, PSB-PSB and PSC-PSC, connected in a triangle.
  • the losses in the control core N are considerably reduced due to the fact that no bidirectional reaction remains between the control core and the phase nuclei, since there is no alternating magnetic flux in the core of control N, the sum of the effects of the three phases being zero.
  • the neutral of the star connection being isolated from ground, it is not possible for the zero sequence components of the current to establish in transient state.
  • variable inductor of Figures 1 and 2 When used in three-phase, the arrangement of the variable inductor of Figures 1 and 2 has an increased advantage compared to the use of three single-phase inductors each comprising a separate control core due to the fact that the same quantity control energy is required for all three phases than that which would be required for a single phase if single-phase variable inductors were used, so that the control losses are less and distributed over the three phases.
  • control of the direct current magnetic flux can be carried out by self-control, using diode bridges R, as illustrated in FIG. 2, of the initial request, or by reverse control using a constant and adjustable direct current winding, superimposed on the self-checking winding, on the control core N.
  • This self-check using a rectified current, has the effect of modifying the slope of the front of the magnetization curve and of moving the operating point of the inductance on the different magnetization curves to levels which are a function of the voltage of the AC source.
  • the reluctance of the phase cores MA, MB and MC changes itself, and in the right direction, according to the applied alternating voltage levels, which proves to be excellent for cases of very large voltage variation , for example in the event of overvoltage and load shedding of an energy transmission line.
  • the number of turns of the direct current coil supplied by the diode bridges R could possibly be modified to using thyristors slaved to a voltage setpoint, which would have the effect of shifting the curve of the operating point of the inductor.
  • the response time of the variable inductance circuit when it is in self-control, is almost instantaneous, that is to say that the response time will be less than a period.
  • the regulation control time it may vary depending on the control mode used and reach one or two periods (based on 60 Hertz) depending on the needs of the user. r.
  • the resulting magnetic field in the control core will then be a function of the magnetic field generated by the rectified alternating current, which flows in the winding in self-control and, therefore, a function of the voltage level at the terminals PA- PA, PB-PB and PC-PC.
  • the operation of this control mode is simple and does not require any feedback loop to correct the desired magnetic torque on the dipoles of the common magnetic spaces D3, D4 and D5.
  • FIG. 3 shows the variations in impedance of the three-phase inductance as a function of the increase in ampere-turns injected into the control core N.
  • FIG. 3 we have plotted on the abscissa current 1 in the PA-PA, PB-PB and PC-PC windings and on the ordinate the phase-neutral voltage U o . N applied to the three windings PA-PA, PB-PB and PC-PC which are connected in star.
  • the V / I impedances of each phase vary in a ratio of up to 11/1 for a direct current magnetic field varying from 0 to 4848 ampere-turns.
  • phase "A only, designated by PA, of this three-phase inductance presents the results of phase "A only, designated by PA, of this three-phase inductance.
  • the dotted line 1 shows the behavior of the variable inductor for a voltage of 80 volts rms measured phase-neutral.
  • the dotted line 2 shows the behavior of the variable inductor when it is connected in series with a capacitor.
  • the value of the capacity used was 200 J.lF and the three-phase source was kept fixed at 120 volts rms across the circuit.
  • the increase in volts-amperes of the variable inductance for a displacement from A to B on the curves is 360 volts-amps three-phase for 4,848 ampere-turns. This increase in power is approximately 1.78 times greater than for the case of the inductor alone for the same voltage.
  • FIG. 4 presents a family of saturation curves of the variable inductance of FIG. 1.
  • the alternating current IcA has been plotted on the ordinate in effective value, on the abscissa the ampere-turns of the DC control, and in parameter of curves phase-neutral voltages, in effective value.
  • This figure 4 provides information on the behavior of dipoles in the magnetic space common to the two magnetic circuits. one notes on each of these curves an unsaturated region and a saturated region. In the unsaturated part, each curve has an increasingly steep slope as the flux density increases in the magnetic circuit excited by the alternating current winding.
  • Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 respectively show the level of harmonics of the third, fifth, seventh and ninth harmonics as a function of the DC ampere-turns. These harmonic rates are calculated between the harmonic considered and the fundamental for a full load alternating current which corresponds to 5.0 (x 606) ampere-turns with direct current.
  • the harmonic rates calculated for only one phase of the three-phase inductance in Figure 1, are very low and even negligible for some harmonics.
  • curves 1, 2, 3 and 4 correspond to tests carried out under voltages, in effective values, of 80 volts, 160 volts, 200 volts and 280 volts, respectively.
  • the asymmetrical arrangement of the magnetic circuits in Figure 1 plays an important role in this phenomenon. Indeed, the control core N is oval and the phase cores are not arranged at 120 ° relative to each other on this control core. Improved results can be obtained with the three-phase inductor of Figure 3 where the phase cores are arranged at 120 ° to each other and where the control core is hexagonal in shape.
  • FIG. 9 presents curves of distortion of the phase-neutral voltage of 180 volts in rms value as a function of the harmonics generated by a phase of the three-phase inductor of FIG. 1.
  • Curve 1 gives results measured for the network alone then that curves 2 and 3 illustrate the results obtained when the variable inductor is connected to the network and where the control flow is respectively zero and equal to 1.212 ampere-turns dc. It can then be seen that the rate of distortion of the phase voltage is at all times below 1%.
  • FIG. 10 presents curves obtained by plotting on the abscissa a ratio of impedance Zo / Z, on the ordinate the voltage U oN phase-neutral at the terminals PA-PA, PB-PB and PC-PC of the inductor of FIG.
  • FIGS. 11 a to 11 e respectively give the three-phase power curves of the variable inductance of the figure for phase-neutral voltages respectively of 80, 160, 200, 240 and 280 volts in rms value.
  • the curve marked "V.A. gives the total power (active and reactive) supplied by the inductance expressed in volts-amperes
  • the curve marked" watts gives the losses of the inductance in the form of active power expressed in watts.
  • these losses decrease under the effect of the increase in the transverse direct current magnetic field.
  • the relatively higher losses are linked to an increase in the components of third and ninth harmonics, as indicated previously. This phenomenon of decreasing losses in the nucleus with the increase in the reactive energy of the variable inductor contributes to increasing the efficiency of the inductor around 96% when the direct current magnetic field reaches a value of 3030 amps- turns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Variable Induktivität für einen Dreiphasenkreis, mit einem ersten magnetischen Kreis (MA, MB, MC) für jede Phase aus anisotropen Material, durch den ein magnetisches Wechselfeld zirkuliert, und mit einem geschlossenen magnetischen Steuerkreis (N), der ebenfalls aus anisotropen Material besteht und durch den ein von einem regelbaren Gleichstrom gespeistes Magnetfeld zirkuliert, wobei der magnetische Steuerkreis (N) gegenüber jedem der ersteren magnetischen Kreise (MA, MB, MC) so angeordnet ist, daß für jede Phase wenigstens ein gemeinsamer magnetischer Raum definiert ist, in dem sich die magnetischen Wechselfelder und das Gleichfeld rechtwinklig überlagern, um die magnetischen Dipole der gemeinsamen Räume nach einer Richtung zu orientieren, die vorgegeben ist durch die Stärke des magnetischen Gleichstromfeldes des magnetischen Steuerkreises (N), und um so die Permeabilität der ersten Wechselfeld-Magnetkreise (MA, MB, MC) zu steuern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ersten magnetischen Kreise (MA, MB, MC) zum Äußeren des magnetischen Steuerkreises (N) derart geschlossen sind, daß sie keinen gemeinsamen Punkt untereinander haben, und aus ferromagnetischen Phasenkernen (MA, MB, MC) gebildet sind, die jeweils an eine Phase (PA, PB, PC) einer dreiphasigen Wechselstromquelle angeschlossen sind, wobei der magnetische Steuerkreis einen ferromagnetischen Steuerkern (N) aufweist und jeder der ferromagnetischen Phasenkerne (MA, MB, MC) gegenüber dem Steuerkern (N) so angeordnet ist, daß zwischen ihnen der gemeinsame magnetische Raum gebildet ist.
2. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der Phasenkerne (MA, MB, MC) eine erste Phasenwicklung (PA-PA, PB-PB, PC-PC) und eine zweite Phasenwicklung (PSA-PSA, PSB-PSB, PSC-PSC) aufweist, und daß die ersten Phasenwicklungen im Stern mit nicht-geerdeten Nulleiter und die zweiten Phasenwicklungen im Dreieck geschaltet sind.
3. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steuerkern (N) eine erste Steuerwicklung (E1, E2) aufweist, die von einem Strom durchflossen wird, dessen Stärke von dem dreiphasigen Strom der Stromquelle über Gleichrichterbrücken derart abhängig ist, daß die variable Induktivität selbstgeregelt ist.
4. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steuerkern (N), eine zweite Steuerwicklung aufweist, welche an eine konstante und regelbare Gleichstromquelle derart angeschlossen ist, daß sie in dem Steuerkern (N) ein magnetisches Gleichfeld induziert, das dem von der ersten Steuerwicklung (E1, E2) induzierten Feld entgegengerichtet ist.
5. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Phasenkerne (MA, MB, MC) symmetrisch um den Steuerkern (N) angeordnet sind.
6. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie Kommutatoren aufweist, durch die die Zahl der Windungen der ersten Steuerwicklung (E1, E2) erhöht oder herabgesetzt werden kann, um eine Verschiebung der Kennlinie der variablen Induktivität zu ermöglichen.
7. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kommutatoren Thyristoren aufweisen.
8. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Thyristoren spannungsgesteuert sind.
EP83111087A 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis Expired EP0106371B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA313821 1978-10-20
CA000313821A CA1118509A (fr) 1978-10-20 1978-10-20 Variable inductance

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400766.6 Division 1979-10-19

Publications (3)

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EP0106371A2 EP0106371A2 (de) 1984-04-25
EP0106371A3 EP0106371A3 (en) 1984-05-30
EP0106371B1 true EP0106371B1 (de) 1986-03-26

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Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400766A Expired EP0010502B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität
EP83111087A Expired EP0106371B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis
EP83111475A Expired EP0109096B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Anordnung mit variabler Induktivität

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400766A Expired EP0010502B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83111475A Expired EP0109096B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Anordnung mit variabler Induktivität

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US (1) US4393157A (de)
EP (3) EP0010502B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6040171B2 (de)
BR (1) BR7906797A (de)
CA (1) CA1118509A (de)
DE (1) DE2967481D1 (de)

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RU2701150C1 (ru) * 2019-01-28 2019-09-25 Илья Николаевич Джус УПРАВЛЯЕМЫЙ РЕАКТОР-КОМПЕНСАТОР (варианты)
RU2701149C1 (ru) * 2019-03-26 2019-09-25 Илья Николаевич Джус УПРАВЛЯЕМЫЙ ШУНТИРУЮЩИЙ РЕАКТОР (варианты)
RU2700569C1 (ru) * 2019-03-26 2019-09-18 Илья Николаевич Джус Управляемый реактор с независимым подмагничиванием
RU2701147C1 (ru) * 2019-03-26 2019-09-25 Илья Николаевич Джус Шунтирующий управляемый реактор
CN112541154B (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-10-08 东南大学 一种磁路功率的计算方法
FR3142851A1 (fr) * 2022-12-06 2024-06-07 Thales Module de variation d'une inductance et filtre radiofréquence comportant un tel module
CN116599162B (zh) * 2023-07-19 2023-09-15 昆明理工大学 一种n-1下新能源渗透率的确定方法

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RU2685221C1 (ru) * 2018-07-24 2019-04-17 Илья Николаевич Джус Шунтирующий реактор со смешанным возбуждением (варианты)
RU2699017C1 (ru) * 2018-12-19 2019-09-03 Илья Николаевич Джус УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВУМЯ ПОДМАГНИЧИВАЕМЫМИ РЕАКТОРАМИ (варианты)
RU2706719C1 (ru) * 2019-01-28 2019-11-20 Илья Николаевич Джус УСТРОЙСТВО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВУМЯ РЕАКТОРАМИ (варианты)
RU2757149C1 (ru) * 2020-12-08 2021-10-11 Илья Николаевич Джус Трехфазный управляемый реактор (варианты)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0010502B1 (de) 1985-07-10
EP0106371A3 (en) 1984-05-30
JPS6040171B2 (ja) 1985-09-10
EP0109096B1 (de) 1986-04-30
EP0010502A1 (de) 1980-04-30
DE2967481D1 (en) 1985-08-14
BR7906797A (pt) 1980-06-17
US4393157A (en) 1983-07-12
EP0106371A2 (de) 1984-04-25
EP0109096A1 (de) 1984-05-23
JPS5556608A (en) 1980-04-25
CA1118509A (fr) 1982-02-16

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