EP0010502B1 - Variable Induktivität - Google Patents

Variable Induktivität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0010502B1
EP0010502B1 EP79400766A EP79400766A EP0010502B1 EP 0010502 B1 EP0010502 B1 EP 0010502B1 EP 79400766 A EP79400766 A EP 79400766A EP 79400766 A EP79400766 A EP 79400766A EP 0010502 B1 EP0010502 B1 EP 0010502B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
direct current
field
circuit
alternating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79400766A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0010502A1 (de
Inventor
Gérald Roberge
André Doyon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Priority to DE8383111087T priority Critical patent/DE2967589D1/de
Priority to DE8383111475T priority patent/DE2967595D1/de
Publication of EP0010502A1 publication Critical patent/EP0010502A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0010502B1 publication Critical patent/EP0010502B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F21/00—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type
    • H01F21/02—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers
    • H01F21/08—Variable inductances or transformers of the signal type continuously variable, e.g. variometers by varying the permeability of the core, e.g. by varying magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F29/146—Constructional details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a variable inductance according to the wording of claim 1.
  • the effective permeability is controlled by a closed magnetic circuit through which circulates a direct current magnetic flux produced by a winding, the current of which is controlled, by means of a control circuit, with the alternating current flowing through the device to variable inductance.
  • variable inductance device or “variable inductance” will be used interchangeably.
  • Another device with variable inductance is also known which is described in document US-A 3 622 868 by Todt, issued on November 2, 1971.
  • This device comprises a magnetic shunt around which two windings are arranged, one powered by a source direct current and adjustable, and the other powered by direct current from a control circuit.
  • This magnetic shunt makes it possible to control the transmission of the alternating current magnetic flux produced by a primary winding to the magnetic circuit associated with a secondary winding, by varying the direct current magnetic flux which passes through it.
  • the control circuit comprises a current transformer and a full-wave rectifier bridge which supply one of the two windings of the magnetic shunt, with a rectified current representative of the load current delivered by the secondary winding and in no way influenced by the current of magnetization circulating in the primary winding, for self-checking operation of the variable inductance device.
  • a variable inductance device has drawbacks due to the fact that the current transformer, which saturates in transient state, increases the response time in addition to disturbing the self-control, which cannot be tolerated when an inductance device variable is used for compensation of a high voltage transmission line, for safety and reliability reasons.
  • the reaction produced by the self-control does not necessarily tend to control a voltage applied to the variable inductance device, but rather to vary a voltage delivered by this device. This variable inductance device would therefore be difficult to apply to the compensation of a high voltage line.
  • a known control circuit for supplying coils intended to vary the permeability of a magnetic core is described on page 359 of the book by M. Pelegrin et al: "THE ORGANS OF THE SERVO SYSTEMS", DUNOD, PARIS (1965) , 3rd edition.
  • This control circuit comprises a rectification bridge connected in “shunt” with a primary winding and supplying two control coils through voltage dividers.
  • Such a control circuit cannot be used for high voltage applications because of the losses due to these voltage dividers which in such a case would benefit from being eliminated for reasons of losses and flexibility.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above, relating to known devices, and aims to provide an inductance with a low level of harmonics by appropriate control of its permeability or reluctance.
  • the present invention relates to a variable inductance which comprises a first closed magnetic circuit, formed of an anisotropic material through which an alternating magnetic field circulates, a second closed magnetic circuit, also formed of an anisotropic material, with through which an adjustable direct current magnetic field flows, the first and second magnetic circuits being arranged relative to each other so as to define at least two common magnetic spaces in which the respective alternating and direct magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of these common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the second circuit and to thus control the permeability of the first magnetic circuit to the alternating field, a coil of primary alternating field being wound around the anisotropic material of the first circuit ma magnetic, another continuous field coil being wound around the anisotropic material of the second magnetic circuit and connected to a control circuit controlling the intensity of the direct current magnetic field, a third coil being superimposed on the direct field coil and connected to a constant and adjustable direct current source so as to induce in the anisotropic material of the
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a single-phase variable inductor made up of two magnetic circuits M and N arranged orthogonally.
  • the magnetic circuit M is formed of a core in two parts M1 and M2 connected by junction zones D1 and D2 belonging to the magnetic core N and subsequently called "common magnetic spaces".
  • This magnetic circuit M is excited by a primary alternating field coil P1, P2, which extends over the two parts M1 and M2 of the magnetic core M.
  • the magnetic circuit N consists of a single core with through which a continuous magnetic field excited by a continuous field coil C1, C2 flows.
  • the orthogonal arrangement of the two magnetic circuits has the effect of producing in the common magnetic spaces D1 and D2 a magnetic torque proportional to the value, in the core N, of the direct current magnetic field, which polarizes the dipoles of these common magnetic spaces. Because of this orthogonal arrangement, the respective magnetic fluxes of the two nuclei cannot take the same path; the direct current magnetic field orients, by polarizing them, the magnetic dipoles of the common magnetic spaces so as to act on the permeability of the magnetic circuit excited by the alternating current winding as desired.
  • the cores M and N are made of ferro-magnetic materials of the same cross section, either ferrite or rolled iron, and therefore have an inherent anisotropic property.
  • the dipoles of the common spaces D1 and D2 in the absence of a DC polarizing field circulating inside the core N, tend to orient in the direction of the alternating magnetic field, the permeability of the core M then being a measure of the ease with which the magnetic dipoles orient themselves in the direction of this exciting field.
  • the nucleus M becomes saturated when its dipoles are completely oriented in the direction of this magnetic field.
  • the application of a direct current magnetic field in the core N in a direction transverse to the alternating magnetic field of the core M has the effect of acting on the dipoles of the common magnetic spaces D1, D2, by polarizing them, to move them away from their equilibrium position, so that the alternating magnetic field of the nucleus M must grow in module so that each dipole maintains its same equilibrium position in the common magnetic spaces D1 and D2.
  • This process does not affect the leakage inductance in any way, but only the magnetization inductance of the variable inductance core.
  • the magnetic saturation induction is increased and the magnetization curves become more linear with the increase in the direct current magnetic field in the common spaces D1 and D2. Consequently, the application of a direct current magnetic field perpendicular to an alternating magnetic field produces a variable gap effect for the alternating magnetic circuit.
  • the contact surfaces between the magnetic circuits M and N are machined and mechanically clamped one on the other or are produced according to any other equivalent mounting method, while the DC field coil C1 , C2, is supplied by an auxiliary source with constant and adjustable direct current.
  • a secondary winding S1, S2 superimposed on the primary alternating field coil P1, P2 makes it possible to filter the harmonics of zero sequence components and, moreover, to connect this core with variable inductance to a circuit of use.
  • This single-phase variable inductance device therefore essentially consists in producing in common magnetic spaces a direct current magnetic field which has the effect of opposing the rotation of the dipoles of these common spaces for adequate control of the effective permeability of the alternating magnetic circuit. It is clear that the common magnetic spaces can be established both in the phase nucleus M and in the control nucleus N, as described above.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a self-checking connection of the single-phase device of FIG. 1 by insertion of a diode bridge R at full alternation between the primary alternating field coil P1, P2 and the continuous field coil C1, C2 of the device .
  • This assembly allows continuously varying the permeability of the core M as a function of sudden variations in the alternating magnetic flux.
  • FIG. 2 allows a three-phase use of the variable inductance of FIG. 1.
  • the secondary winding S1, S2 is connected in delta with the two other phases so as to filter the third components and ninth harmonics of the alternating magnetic flux.
  • Primary alternating field coils P1, P2 are then connected in star with floating neutral. In this case, the excitation windings of the three phases can be connected either in series or in parallel.
  • the alternating flux in the DC core is limited to the region of the common magnetic spaces D1, D2 and the range of variation of the reactive power can reach a ratio of 25/1.
  • This self-check using a rectified current, has the effect of modifying the slope of the front of the magnetization curve and of moving the operating point of the inductance on the different magnetization curves to levels which are a function of the voltage of the AC source.
  • the reluctance of the alternating current magnetic circuit M changes itself, and in the right direction, according to the applied alternating voltage levels, which proves to be excellent for cases of very large voltage variation, for example. example in the case of overvoltage and load shedding of an energy transmission line.
  • the number of turns of the direct current coil supplied by the rectifying bridge can be modified at using thyristors T slaved to a voltage setpoint, which has the effect of shifting the curve of the operating point of the inductor.
  • the response time of the variable inductance circuit when it is in self-control, is almost instantaneous, that is to say that the response time will be less than a period.
  • the regulation control time it may vary depending on the control mode used and reach one or two periods (based on 60 Hertz) depending on the needs of the user.
  • the eddy current and hysteris losses are considerably reduced by using ferrite to constitute the direct current magnetic circuit N.
  • the geometry of the circuit, the type of core used, the length of the magnetic circuit are all factors that reduce losses.
  • a third coil is superimposed on the DC field coil C1, C2 and is powered by a constant and adjustable direct current source, of low power.
  • This third coil is arranged so that the magnetic field generated in the control core N is opposed to that generated by the continuous field coil C1, C2.
  • the resulting magnetic field in the control core will then be a function of the magnetic field generated by the rectified alternating current, which flows in the DC field coil C1, C2 in self-control and, therefore, a function of the level of voltage across the primary AC field coil P1, P2.
  • the operation of this control mode is simple and does not require any feedback loop to correct the desired magnetic torque on the dipoles of the common magnetic spaces D1, D2.
  • FIG. 3 gives the operating ranges and points of the single-phase variable inductance when used in self-control, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the current in the primary alternating field coil Pl is indicated on the abscissa. , P2 and on the ordinate the phase-neutral voltage Up-N (one of the terminals of said coil P1, P2 being neutral).
  • the curve 1 in dotted lines is a magnetization curve of the core M in alternating current in closed circuit and in the absence of any control core N while the curve in broken lines 2 corresponds to the magnetization obtained when the common magnetic spaces are replaced by a piece of wood of equivalent thickness.
  • a voltage rise range for an AC voltage across the inductor varying from 0 to a little beyond the knee of the curve, range in which the slope of each of the operating point curves is particularly large; a regulation range corresponding to an alternating source voltage at the terminals of the inductor varying around the knee of the curve and where the slope of each of these curves is very low, that is to say that for a slight variation in the alternating voltage across the inductor, a large current variation is obtained in the primary alternating field coil P1, P2; and an overvoltage range for an AC source voltage across the inductor much greater than that of the knee and where the slope of each of the curves is greater than that of their regulation range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Variable Induktivität mit einem ersten geschlossenen magnetischen Kreis (M), der durch ein anisotropes Material gebildet ist, durch das ein magnetisches Wechselfeld zirkuliert, mit einem zweiten geschlossenen magnetischen Kreis (N), der durch ein anisotropes Material gebildet ist, durch das ein von regelbarem Gleichstrom gespeistes Magnetfeld zirkuliert, wobei der erste (M) und der zweite (N) magnetische Kreis eine solche gegenseitige Lage einnehmen, daß sie wenigstens zwei gemeinsame magnetische Räume (D1, D2) definieren, in denen die magnetischen Wechsel- und Gleichfelder sich rechtwinklig überlagern, um die magnetischen Dipole der gemeinsamen Räume (D1, D2) nach einer Richtung zu orientieren, die vorgegeben ist durch die Feldstärke des magnetischen Gleichstromfeldes des zweiten Kreises (N), und um so die Permeabilität in dem ersten Wechselfeld-Magnetkreis (M) steuern, mit einer dem Wechselfeld zugeordneten Primärwicklung (P1, P2), welche um das anisotrope Material des ersten magnetischen Kreises (M) gewickelt ist, mit einer dem Gleichfeld zugeordneten zweiten Wicklung (C1, C2), welche um das anisotrope Material des zweiten magnetischen Kreises (N) gewickelt und mit einem Steuerkreis verbunden ist, der die Feldstärke des magnetischen Gleichstromfeldes steuert, und mit einer dritten Wicklung, welche die Wicklung (C1, C2) des Gleichfeldes überlagert, an eine konstante Gleichstromquelle angeschlossen und derart regelbar ist, daß sie in dem anisotropen Material des zweiten magnetischen Kreises (N) ein Gleichfeld induziert, das dem von der mit dem Steuerkreis verbundenen Gleichfeldwicklung (C1, C2) induzierten Feld derart entgegengesetzt ist, daß eine Umkehrsteuerung der variablen Induktivität ermöglicht ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Steuerkreis eine Gleichrichterbrücke (R) enthält, welche mit der Wechselfeld-Primärwicklung (P1, P2) und der Gleichfeldwicklung (C1, C2) derart in Reihe geschaltet ist, daß eine Selbststeuerung der variablen Induktivität erfolgt.
2. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch kommutierende Mittel (T) zur Vergrößerung oder Verringerung der Windungszahl der Gleichfeldwicklung (C1, C2), um eine Veränderung der Betriebskennlinie der variablen Induktivität zu ermöglichen.
3. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die kommutierenden Mittel (T) Thyristoren enthalten.
4. Variable Induktivität nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Thyristoren spannungsgesteuert sind.
EP79400766A 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität Expired EP0010502B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8383111087T DE2967589D1 (en) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable inductance for a three-phase circuit
DE8383111475T DE2967595D1 (en) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable inductance device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA313821 1978-10-20
CA000313821A CA1118509A (fr) 1978-10-20 1978-10-20 Variable inductance

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83111087.9 Division-Into 1979-10-19
EP83111475.6 Division-Into 1979-10-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0010502A1 EP0010502A1 (de) 1980-04-30
EP0010502B1 true EP0010502B1 (de) 1985-07-10

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ID=4112642

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400766A Expired EP0010502B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität
EP83111475A Expired EP0109096B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Anordnung mit variabler Induktivität
EP83111087A Expired EP0106371B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis

Family Applications After (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83111475A Expired EP0109096B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Anordnung mit variabler Induktivität
EP83111087A Expired EP0106371B1 (de) 1978-10-20 1979-10-19 Variable Induktivität für Dreiphasenkreis

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4393157A (de)
EP (3) EP0010502B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS6040171B2 (de)
BR (1) BR7906797A (de)
CA (1) CA1118509A (de)
DE (1) DE2967481D1 (de)

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US20220373621A1 (en) * 2020-11-26 2022-11-24 Southeast University Power calculation method of magnetic circuit

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CN116599162B (zh) * 2023-07-19 2023-09-15 昆明理工大学 一种n-1下新能源渗透率的确定方法

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JPS5556608A (en) 1980-04-25
DE2967481D1 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0106371B1 (de) 1986-03-26
JPS6040171B2 (ja) 1985-09-10
EP0010502A1 (de) 1980-04-30
EP0109096A1 (de) 1984-05-23
EP0106371A3 (en) 1984-05-30
CA1118509A (fr) 1982-02-16
EP0109096B1 (de) 1986-04-30
EP0106371A2 (de) 1984-04-25
US4393157A (en) 1983-07-12
BR7906797A (pt) 1980-06-17

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