EP0339164A1 - Selbstregulierter Transformator-Induktor mit Luftspalten - Google Patents

Selbstregulierter Transformator-Induktor mit Luftspalten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0339164A1
EP0339164A1 EP88420140A EP88420140A EP0339164A1 EP 0339164 A1 EP0339164 A1 EP 0339164A1 EP 88420140 A EP88420140 A EP 88420140A EP 88420140 A EP88420140 A EP 88420140A EP 0339164 A1 EP0339164 A1 EP 0339164A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
windings
leg
legs
alternating current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP88420140A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Léonard Bolduc
Grégoire Pare
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hydro Quebec
Original Assignee
Hydro Quebec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydro Quebec filed Critical Hydro Quebec
Publication of EP0339164A1 publication Critical patent/EP0339164A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/04—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is ac
    • G05F3/06—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is ac using combinations of saturated and unsaturated inductive devices, e.g. combined with resonant circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/14—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
    • Y10S174/17—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding in an electric power conversion, regulation, or protection system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S174/00—Electricity: conductors and insulators
    • Y10S174/13—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention
    • Y10S174/14—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding
    • Y10S174/24—High voltage cable, e.g. above 10kv, corona prevention having a particular cable application, e.g. winding in an inductive device, e.g. reactor, electromagnet
    • Y10S174/25—Transformer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transformer designed to achieve voltage regulation by self-controlled absorption of reactive power.
  • the present invention relates to a self-regulating transformer-inductor mounted on the same three-leg magnetic core as the variable inductance described and claimed in Canadian Patent Application No. 472,204 filed on January 16, 1985 in the name of the Applicant.
  • the present invention more particularly relates to a transformer comprising a magnetic core defining first, second and third legs each having first and second ends.
  • the first ends of the legs are connected to a first common point of the magnetic core while the second ends are connected to a second common point of this core.
  • the transformer further comprises a first winding, said primary winding, wound around at least one of the legs of the magnetic core and supplied with alternating current by a source of electrical energy, and a second winding also wound around least one of the legs of the magnetic core and powered by an alternating current generated by the source of electrical energy.
  • These first and second coils are positioned on the magnetic core so that the two alternating currents that pass through them are coupled to an AC magnetic flux induced in each of the second and third legs.
  • a control coil is DC powered and disposed on the magnetic core such that DC current induces a DC magnetic flux in each of the second and third legs.
  • the alternating and direct current magnetic fluxes in one of the second and third legs add up while the alternating and continuous current magnetic fluxes in the other of the second and third legs are in opposition.
  • the transformer further comprises means for transforming the alternating current in the second DC coil for supplying the control coil.
  • the direct current supplying the control winding therefore has an amplitude which varies with that of the alternating current in the second winding so as to vary the density of the DC magnetic flux in the second and third legs and to control the permeability of these second and third legs. to AC magnetic flux.
  • a secondary winding connected to an electrical load is subjected to AC magnetic flux in the second and third legs to thereby produce an alternating current which supplies the load.
  • the second leg has a gap traversed by the resulting magnetic flux in the second leg
  • the third leg also has a gap crossed by the magnetic flux resulting from this leg.
  • the DC transformation means includes a diode bridge for rectifying the alternating current supplying the second winding and for injecting the current thus rectified into the control winding, the rectified current then constituting the direct current supplying this last winding.
  • the transformer may further comprise a fixed value inductance connected in parallel with the second winding, and / or a current transformer subjected to the alternating current of the second winding and including a secondary winding whose two terminals are respectively connected to the input and output of the bridge traversed by this alternating current.
  • the primary winding is wound around the first leg
  • the second winding comprises first and second windings connected in series and arranged on the second and third legs, respectively
  • the winding of control comprises first and second windings also connected in series and respectively arranged on the second and third legs.
  • the alternating currents in the primary winding and the two windings of the second winding are coupled to a first alternating magnetic flux flowing in a closed magnetic circuit defined by the first and second legs, and to a second alternating magnetic flux flowing in a closed magnetic circuit defined by the first and third legs, and the direct current in the control windings induces a DC magnetic flux which flows in a closed magnetic circuit defined by the second and third legs.
  • the secondary winding is wound around the first leg and consists either of a winding connected to an external load, or of a winding connected in parallel with the two windings of the second winding for supplying alternating current to these two windings, or a first winding connected to an external load and a second winding connected in parallel with the two windings of the second winding.
  • the primary and secondary windings may consist of a single winding provided with several terminals.
  • the self-regulating air-inducing transformer-inductor comprises a magnetic core 1 with three legs including a central leg 2, and two outer legs 3 and 4.
  • the upper ends of the legs 2, 3 and 4 are connected in a first common point 5 of the magnetic core 1, while the lower ends of these three legs 2, 3 and 4 are connected to a second common point 6 of the core 1.
  • leg designates each of the three magnetic paths defined by the core 1 between the two common points 5 and 6.
  • the three legs 2, 3 and 4 are advantageously of identical cross section. Although it is important that the cross section of the outer legs 3 and 4 is the same surface, the cross section of the central leg 2 may have a surface equal to or greater than that of the cross section of the outer legs 3 and 4.
  • the outer leg 3 is provided at its center with an air gap 7 while the outer leg 4 has at its center an air gap 8.
  • the air gaps 7 and 8 are of identical dimensions.
  • An AC winding 9a and a DC control winding 10a are arranged around the outer leg 3, while an AC winding 9b and a DC directing winding 10b are arranged around the outer leg 4.
  • the windings 9a and 9b are connected in series and have the same number of turns.
  • the DC windings 10a and 10b are connected in series and also have the same number of turns.
  • a full-wave rectifier bridge 11 including several diodes and constructed according to the rules of the art connects the windings 9a and 9b in series with the windings 10a and 10b, so that the alternating current supplying the windings 9a and 9b is rectified, and the thus rectified current is injected into the windings 10a and 10b. It is appropriate to call DC the rectified current which supplies the windings 10a and 10b.
  • a primary winding 12 is wound around the central leg 2 and supplied with alternating current by a source of electrical energy 13.
  • the alternating current in the winding 12 induces in the central leg 2 an alternating magnetic flux subjected to a secondary winding 16 also wrapped around the leg 2 which thus generates an alternating current.
  • the coil 16 has a first terminal connected to the free terminal of the winding 9a and a second terminal connected to the AC output 19 of the diode bridge 11.
  • the alternating current generated by the secondary winding 16 supplies the windings 9a. and 9b connected in series, then is rectified by the diode bridge 11 to feed the control windings 10a and 10b also connected in series.
  • the windings 9a and 9b are supplied with alternating current directly by the source 13, as illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • a first terminal of the source 13 is connected to the free terminal of the winding 9a, the source 13 having its second terminal connected to the AC output 19 of the diode bridge 11.
  • the alternating current supplied by the source 13 to the windings 9a and 9b is straightened by the point of diodes 11 to supply the control windings 10a and 10b to direct current.
  • the windings 10a and 10b are wound around the outer legs 3 and 4, respectively, and connected together so that the direct current (rectified current) feeding them induces a DC magnetic flux DC which circulates in a closed magnetic circuit defined by the two outer legs 3 and 4, obviously including air gaps 7 and 8. No DC magnetic flux does not result in the central leg 2.
  • the winding 12, the windings 9a and 9b and possibly the winding 16 are of the same polarity.
  • the alternating current in the winding 12, and the alternating current in the windings 9a and 9b and the eventual secondary winding 16 are therefore both coupled to a first alternating magnetic flux flowing in the closed magnetic circuit defined by the legs 2 and 3, and a second alternating magnetic flux flowing in the closed magnetic circuit defined by the legs 2 and 4.
  • These first and second alternating magnetic fluxes add up in the central leg 2.
  • the DC magnetic flux in the leg external 3 opposes the first AC magnetic flux in the same leg to thereby increase the permeability of the leg 3 to the alternating flow.
  • the magnetic fluxes DC and AC add up. In the latter case, the DC magnetic flux decreases the permeability of the leg 4 to the second AC magnetic flux.
  • the function of the DC magnetic flux DC is in fact to saturate more or less deeply the magnetic core 1. More specifically, the permeability of the magnetic core 1 to the AC magnetic flux decreases with the intensity of the DC magnetic flux DC . This phenomenon leads to a decrease in the impedance of the winding 12 and the windings 9a and 9b and an increase of the alternating current in these windings and windings. It is therefore easy to conceive that by varying the DC magnetic flux, the amount of reactive power absorbed by the self-regulating transformer-inductor is varied.
  • the self-controlled absorption of reactive power regulates, to a certain level which can be adjusted, the AC voltage across the windings 9a and 9b and therefore the AC voltage of the source 13 for a certain range of the source current.
  • Another secondary winding 14 wound around of the central leg 2 produced in response to the alternating magnetic flux resulting in the leg 2 an alternating current which supplies any external load 15.
  • the level of the supply voltage of the load 15 connected to the terminals of the secondary winding 14 is of course determined by the transformation ratio between the primary and secondary windings 12 and 14. As the AC voltage of the source 13 is regulated, the AC voltage of the load 15 across the winding 14 is also automatically regulated.
  • the windings 9a and 10a are superimposed on the outer leg 3 so that the gap 7 is found in their center.
  • the windings 9b and 10b are superimposed on the outer leg 4 so that the gap 8 is found in their center.
  • This arrangement of the windings 9a, 9b and 10b on the legs 3 and 4 has the advantage of considerably reducing the leakage flux around the air gaps 7 and 8.
  • the windings 12, 14 and 16 of the central leg 2 can be replaced, as shown in the form of a diagram equivalent to Figure 4 of the drawings, by a single winding 21 provided with several terminals 220 to 224.
  • L winding 21 wound around the central leg 2 is supplied via its terminals 220 and 224 in alternating voltage and current by the electrical power source 13.
  • the windings 9a and 9b are then supplied with alternating current through the terminals 222 and 224 of the winding 21.
  • the electric current in the windings 9a and 9b is rectified by the diode bridge 11 for supplying the control windings 10a and 10b.
  • the load 15 is on its side supplied with alternating current by the winding 21 through the terminals 222 and 224.
  • the transformer as shown in Figure 4 thus operates as an auto-transformer.
  • the use of a single winding 21 can significantly reduce the amount of conductive wire required in the manufacture of the transformer.
  • the diameter of the conductive wire can also be reduced.
  • the circuit of Figure 5 comprises a winding 21 wound around the central leg 2 and provided with terminals 220 to 224.
  • the source 13 is connected between the terminals 221 and 224 of the winding 21, and the windings 9a and 9b are supplied with alternating current directly by the source 13. More specifically, a first terminal of the source 13 is connected to the free terminal of the winding 9a, while the second terminal of the source is connected to the AC output 19 of the diode bridge 11.
  • the self-regulating transformer-inductor according to the invention is a single magnetic core apparatus which plays a triple role; - just like the variable self-controlled air gap inductance described and claimed in the aforementioned Canadian patent application no. 472,204, it can absorb a large amount of reactive power supplied by the source 13, and this under a slight increase in the source voltage to from a certain pre-established voltage level (see Figure 7).
  • the reactive power thus absorbed is substantially proportional to the increase in voltage and varies to allow regulation of the voltage delivered by the source 13; as a transformer, it makes it possible to supply the required voltage with external charges such as through a secondary winding such as 14 or 21.
  • As the voltage of the source 13 is regulated by reactive power absorption as described above.
  • the supply voltage of the load is also regulated; and -
  • the internal load constituted by the windings 9a and 9b can be supplied at a voltage lower than the voltage of the source 13.
  • Such a power supply is likely to be economically profitable if one considers that the costs for the insulation and the purchase of high voltage diodes for the recovery bridge 11 are very high.
  • the self-regulated inductor-to-air transformer according to the invention does not function as a conventional transformer supplying on the secondary side a self-controlled variable air gap inductance as described and claimed in the aforementioned Canadian patent application no. 472.204.
  • the transformer part for example the primary 12 and secondary windings 14, and possibly the secondary winding 16, and the variable inductance part, the windings 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b, are mounted on the same magnetic core, the core 1, and thereby influence each other through the alternating magnetic flux flowing in the magnetic core 1.
  • the relationships to establish the operating characteristics of the transformer are therefore changed.
  • the level of the operating voltage V0 of the transformer depends on the ratio of revolutions between each winding 9a, and 9b, and the secondary winding 16 in the case of Figure 1, between each winding 9a and 9b, and the primary winding 12 in the case of Figure 3, between each winding 9a and 9b, and the portion of the winding 21 between the terminals 222 and 224 in the case of Figure 4, and between each winding 9a and 9b and the portion of the winding 21 between the terminals 221 and 224 in the case of Figure 5.
  • this relationship between the level of the operating voltage V0 and the aforementioned revolution ratio is not linear.
  • Figure 6 illustrates some curves demonstrating in particular this variation of the level of the operating voltage V0 according to the ratio of all above. It should be noted that the curves of Figure 6 represent the operating voltage V0 as a function of the source current i0 (see Figure 5).
  • the ratio of turns N9 / N21 must be smaller than or equal to 1.
  • the present invention provides the following additional means for adjusting the operating characteristics of the self-regulating transformer-inductor with air gaps.
  • a fixed value inductor 20 is connected in parallel with the windings 9a and 9b which are connected in series (see FIGS. 1 and 3).
  • An alternating current generated by the source 13 and whose amplitude depends on the value of the inductance 20 flows through this inductance.
  • This current is rectified and then injected into the windings 10a and 10b.
  • a bias DC magnetic flux is thus produced at the bottom of the closed magnetic circuit defined by the external legs 3 and 4, which is added to the DC magnetic flux generated by the rectified AC current from the windings 9a and 9b. .
  • the inductor 20 can operate linearly or be overexcited (capable of saturation).
  • FIG. 17 Another alternative is to use a current transformer 17 ( Figures 1 and 3) having a secondary winding provided with a first terminal connected to the AC input 18 of the diode bridge 11 and a second terminal connected to the AC output 19 of the bridge 11.
  • the current transformer 17 produces through its secondary winding and in response to the alternating current supplying the windings 9a and 9b an alternating current which is rectified by the diode bridge 11 and injected into the windings 10a. and 10b for generating a DC magnetic flux flowing in the closed magnetic circuit defined by the outer legs 3 and 4 in the same direction as the DC magnetic flux generated by the rectified current directly from the windings. 9a and 9b.
  • the bias DC magnetic flux varies in the same way.
  • the inductor 20 and the transformer 17 can be used simultaneously.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the operation of a transformer according to the invention when different charges are connected between the terminals of the secondary winding, for example the winding 14.
  • the curve G of FIG. 7 corresponds to the curve V0 as a function of i0 when the transformer operates under vacuum (without load).
  • the curves D, E and F correspond to the charging of the transformer, this charge being greater for the curve F than for the curve E, and greater for the curve E than for the curve D.
  • the voltage V0 remains relatively constant as a function of the load, even when the transformer operates under vacuum (without load).
  • the self-regulating transformer-inductor with air gaps thus constitutes a simple device for regulating alternating voltage by self-controlled absorption of reactive power.
  • a very interesting application of the self-regulating transformer-inductor air gap is, as in the case of the variable inductance of the aforementioned Canadian patent application no. 472,204, the regulation of the ac supply voltage of an electric charge fed by wire guard or in a more general way by a capacitive source (capacitive coupling).
  • the capacitive source constitutes the source 13.
  • the load can be either resistive, reactive or resistive and reactive.
  • the transformer according to the invention will take care of transmitting the power required to the load while maintaining the voltage V0, and therefore the supply voltage of the load to a relatively constant level .
  • the self-regulating transformer-inductor with air gaps When used to supply a load with electrical energy from a capacitive source (through capacitive coupling), the self-regulating transformer-inductor with air gaps has the advantage of not increasing its electrical losses. when the alternating current transmitted to this load increases. Indeed, when the current transmitted to the load by the transformer according to the invention increases, the alternating current in the windings 9a and 9b, and therefore the DC current in the windings 10a and 10b decrease.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
  • Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
EP88420140A 1987-04-15 1988-04-29 Selbstregulierter Transformator-Induktor mit Luftspalten Withdrawn EP0339164A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA000534843A CA1258881A (fr) 1987-04-15 1987-04-15 Transformateur-inducteur auto-regule a entrefers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0339164A1 true EP0339164A1 (de) 1989-11-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88420140A Withdrawn EP0339164A1 (de) 1987-04-15 1988-04-29 Selbstregulierter Transformator-Induktor mit Luftspalten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4766365A (de)
EP (1) EP0339164A1 (de)
AU (1) AU603437B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1258881A (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE902660C (de) * 1943-02-17 1954-01-25 Aeg Einrichtung zur Regelung der Induktivitaet von zwei gleichstromvormagnetisierten Drosseln
FR1011769A (fr) * 1949-03-16 1952-06-26 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Transducteurs à autoexcitation à aimant mobile
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CN104376967B (zh) * 2014-11-28 2016-11-02 山东大学 一种反应快速的直流饱和电抗器

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AU603437B2 (en) 1990-11-15
US4766365A (en) 1988-08-23
AU1524588A (en) 1990-02-15

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