EP0105729A2 - Mustermässig verdichteter, konjugierte Fasern enthaltender Stoff - Google Patents
Mustermässig verdichteter, konjugierte Fasern enthaltender Stoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0105729A2 EP0105729A2 EP83305890A EP83305890A EP0105729A2 EP 0105729 A2 EP0105729 A2 EP 0105729A2 EP 83305890 A EP83305890 A EP 83305890A EP 83305890 A EP83305890 A EP 83305890A EP 0105729 A2 EP0105729 A2 EP 0105729A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- web
- conjugate
- conjugate fibers
- melting point
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/541—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
- D04H1/5412—Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/55—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
- D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
- D04H1/544—Olefin series
Definitions
- Methods of compression embossing fibrous webs are known in the art.
- Methods of heat embossing fibrous webs including fibrous webs comprising thermoplastic fibers are also known.
- the heat embossing is done by means of heated rollers, with the fibrous web traveling through the nip between the counterrotating heated rollers.
- the rollers are usually heated a few degrees higher than the melting point of the thermoplastic fibers in the web or the temperature desired in the embossing process. This is necessary so that the web traveling quickly through the nip achieves the desired temperature.
- Fabri'cs which have been heat embossed and in particular fabrics which have been heat embossed in a pattern by patterned rollers often display damage from excessive heat.
- the fibers immediately adjacent the patterned regions are heated to a temperature sufficient to cause shrinkage and damage.
- the heat radiated to the fibers next adjacent the patterned area also shrinks the web blurring the line of demarkation of the pattern.
- a combination of heat and pressure is used to compact the fibers in the patterned regions in the web. This combination of factors does not effectively radiate to the fibers next adjacent the pattern region of the fabric, creating a fabric with very sharp pattern delineation and high loft adjacent the pattern region.
- the present invention comprises a method of pattern embossing a nonwoven web of fibers comprising conjugate fibers and the fabric formed thereby.
- the method comprises heat embossing the web at a temperature slightly below the softening point of the_low melting point component of the conjugate fiber, and with the combination of pressure and temperature sufficient to cause cold flow of at least the low melting point component of the conjugate fibers to deform and compact the conjugate fibers compacting the fibers of the web in only the patterned regions.
- the fabric formed according to the method has a very sharp pattern delineation and high loft immediately adjacent the pattern.
- the web contains at least 15 percent conjugate fibers.
- the conjugate fibers are a sheath/core of high density polyethylene/polyester fibers.
- the Figure is a photomacrograph showing a cross-section of a fabric prepared according to the method of the present invention.
- the present invention comprises a method of embossing a web comprising at least 15 percent conjugate fibers and the fabric formed thereby.
- the conjugate fibers comprise a low melting point component and a high melting point component, and preferably comprise a sheath/core polyethylene/polyester fiber.
- the conjugate fibers employ high density polyethylene, that is, linear polyethylene that has a density of at least about 0.94, and a Melt Index ("M.I.") by ASTM D-1238(E) (190°C., 2160 gms.) of greater than 1, preferably greater than about 10, and more preferably from about 20 to about 50.
- M.I. Melt Index
- ASTM D-1238(E) 190°C., 2160 gms.
- the fibers will be composed of about 40 to 60 weight percent, and preferably 45 to 55 weight percent, polyester, the remainder being polyethylene.
- the fabrics of the invention are produced by first forming a fibrous web comprising a loose array of the conjugate fibers, as by carding, air laying, or the like.
- the exact weight of the fibrous web has not been found to be narrowly critical, although useful weights have been found within the range from about 0.2 to about 4.2 ounces per square yard. This web is then conveyed to the nip of the embossing rollers.
- a combination of heat and pressure is applied at the embossing nip combined to cause the low melting point component of the conjugate fibers of the web to cold flow.
- the method of the present invention encompasses using patterned embossed rolls generally known in the art.
- the pattern embossed rollers have raised patterned surface areas which contact and compress the web as it passes through the nip of a pair of counterrotating pattern emboss rollers.
- the rollers are heated to a temperature many degrees above the effective temperature needed at the nip. This is necessary to maintain a good through-put speed of the web.
- the elevated temperature assures that during the short amount of time that the web spends in the nip, the effective temperature within the web is reached.
- the rollers are heated to a temperature below the softening point of the low melting point component of the conjugate fiber of the web which is to be processed through the nip of the rollers.
- the combination of heat and pressure applied by the patterned embossed rollers causing at least the low melting point component of the conjugate fibers of the web to cold flow and deform and compact the conjugate fibers, compacting the fibers in the web, in only the patterned regions.
- the fibrous webs used in practicing the method according to the present invention comprise at least 15 percent conjugate fibers and preferably sheet/core high density polyethylene/polyester conjugate fibers.
- conjugate fibers which may be used in the method of the present invention are copolyester/polyester and nylon 6/nylon 66 fibers.
- the web may be heated with heated air at a temperature sufficient to fuse the conjugate fibers to each other and to other fibers in the web to strengthen the fabric in the remaining, unpatterned regions.
- Figure 1 illustrates a microscopic cross-section of a fabric formed according to the present invention.
- the fabric shown generally at 10 has embossed densified regions 12 created by the deforming and compacting of the conjugate fiber, compacting all the fibers in the web in only the pattern embossed region.
- the deformation and compaction of the conjugate fibers are accomplished by a combination of heat and pressure.
- the heated embossed rollers are heated to a temperature slightly below the softening point of the low melting point component of the conjugate fibers. Sufficient pressure is applied in the patterned area to permanently deform the low melting point component of the conjugate fiber and hence the conjugate fiber.
- any other fibers in the patterned regions of the web are compacted and the web is maintained in a densified state by the deformation of the conjugate fibers.
- the patterned regions display an opacity that is believed due to the air fiber interfaces.
- the deformation of the conjugate fibers is caused by cold flow of at least the sheath and perhaps the core of the fibers.
- the fabric shows a very high loft and individual fibers 16 are seen. The high loft delineates the pattern of the fabric and indicates a lack of fiber damage in the regions immediately adjacent the patterned regions.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83305890T ATE43655T1 (de) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-29 | Mustermaessig verdichteter, konjugierte fasern enthaltender stoff. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US43030782A | 1982-09-30 | 1982-09-30 | |
US430307 | 1982-09-30 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0105729A2 true EP0105729A2 (de) | 1984-04-18 |
EP0105729A3 EP0105729A3 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
EP0105729B1 EP0105729B1 (de) | 1989-05-31 |
Family
ID=23706961
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83305890A Expired EP0105729B1 (de) | 1982-09-30 | 1983-09-29 | Mustermässig verdichteter, konjugierte Fasern enthaltender Stoff |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0105729B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS59130354A (de) |
KR (1) | KR930010809B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE43655T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU565659B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8305377A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1250412A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3379965D1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK449583A (de) |
ES (1) | ES526134A0 (de) |
FI (1) | FI833520A (de) |
GB (1) | GB2127866B (de) |
GR (1) | GR79362B (de) |
HK (1) | HK98686A (de) |
IE (1) | IE54580B1 (de) |
IN (1) | IN162943B (de) |
MX (1) | MX158330A (de) |
MY (1) | MY8700092A (de) |
NO (1) | NO833546L (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ205684A (de) |
PH (1) | PH19570A (de) |
PT (1) | PT77418B (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA837301B (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0356122A1 (de) * | 1988-08-24 | 1990-02-28 | Hunter Douglas Industries B.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nichtgewebten Stoffes |
EP0466381A1 (de) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-15 | Chisso Corporation | Verfahren für die Herstellung eines Präzisionspatronenfilters |
EP0672775A2 (de) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Punktgebundener Vliesstoff |
WO1996029456A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conjugate fiber nonwoven fabric |
US5858515A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Pattern-unbonded nonwoven web and process for making the same |
US5931823A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-08-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High permeability liner with improved intake and distribution |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2538602B2 (ja) * | 1987-08-03 | 1996-09-25 | 旭化成工業株式会社 | スパンボンド不織布用繊維 |
JPH01227385A (ja) * | 1988-03-07 | 1989-09-11 | Takashi Seike | 発熱性シート及びその製造方法 |
US5160582A (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1992-11-03 | Chisso Corporation | Cellulose-based, inflammable, bulky processed sheets and method for making such sheets |
DE4011479A1 (de) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-10 | Hoechst Ag | Thermisch stabiles, schmelzbinderverfestigtes spinnvlies |
US5167765A (en) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-12-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Wet laid bonded fibrous web containing bicomponent fibers including lldpe |
US5382400A (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1995-01-17 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Nonwoven multicomponent polymeric fabric and method for making same |
US5405682A (en) | 1992-08-26 | 1995-04-11 | Kimberly Clark Corporation | Nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands including a blend of polyolefin and elastomeric thermoplastic material |
CA2092604A1 (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-13 | Richard Swee-Chye Yeo | Hydrophilic, multicomponent polymeric strands and nonwoven fabrics made therewith |
US5482772A (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1996-01-09 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric strands including a propylene polymer composition and nonwoven fabric and articles made therewith |
US5989682A (en) * | 1997-04-25 | 1999-11-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Scrim-like paper wiping product and method for making the same |
CN113512820B (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-03-17 | 杭州科百特科技有限公司 | 一种粗纤维熔喷布及其制备方法和粗纤维熔喷布滤芯 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1245088A (en) * | 1967-11-10 | 1971-09-02 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the bonding of structures |
GB2078271A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-01-06 | Scott Paper Co | Method of making nonwoven fabric and product made thereby |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1581486A (en) * | 1977-10-20 | 1980-12-17 | Kimberly Clark Co | Non-woven fabric and method of producing same |
MX151778A (es) * | 1979-10-22 | 1985-03-08 | Kimberly Clark Co | Mejoras a toalla sanitaria |
JPS56140153A (en) * | 1980-04-01 | 1981-11-02 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Strong and flexible nonwoven fabric |
JPS5813761A (ja) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-01-26 | チッソ株式会社 | 不織布の製造方法 |
JPS58169560A (ja) * | 1982-03-26 | 1983-10-06 | 日本バイリーン株式会社 | 不織布の製造方法 |
-
1983
- 1983-09-21 NZ NZ205684A patent/NZ205684A/en unknown
- 1983-09-27 IN IN1188/CAL/83A patent/IN162943B/en unknown
- 1983-09-28 CA CA000437726A patent/CA1250412A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-28 PH PH29610A patent/PH19570A/en unknown
- 1983-09-29 BR BR8305377A patent/BR8305377A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-29 PT PT77418A patent/PT77418B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-29 ZA ZA837301A patent/ZA837301B/xx unknown
- 1983-09-29 DE DE8383305890T patent/DE3379965D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-09-29 ES ES526134A patent/ES526134A0/es active Granted
- 1983-09-29 AU AU19757/83A patent/AU565659B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-09-29 AT AT83305890T patent/ATE43655T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-29 FI FI833520A patent/FI833520A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-09-29 IE IE2315/83A patent/IE54580B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-29 GB GB08326034A patent/GB2127866B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-09-29 DK DK449583A patent/DK449583A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-09-29 NO NO833546A patent/NO833546L/no unknown
- 1983-09-29 EP EP83305890A patent/EP0105729B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-09-30 KR KR1019830004639A patent/KR930010809B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-09-30 JP JP58184321A patent/JPS59130354A/ja active Granted
- 1983-09-30 GR GR72595A patent/GR79362B/el unknown
- 1983-09-30 MX MX198974A patent/MX158330A/es unknown
-
1986
- 1986-12-18 HK HK986/86A patent/HK98686A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-12-30 MY MY92/87A patent/MY8700092A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1245088A (en) * | 1967-11-10 | 1971-09-02 | Ici Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the bonding of structures |
GB2078271A (en) * | 1980-06-20 | 1982-01-06 | Scott Paper Co | Method of making nonwoven fabric and product made thereby |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0356122A1 (de) * | 1988-08-24 | 1990-02-28 | Hunter Douglas Industries B.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nichtgewebten Stoffes |
EP0466381A1 (de) * | 1990-07-02 | 1992-01-15 | Chisso Corporation | Verfahren für die Herstellung eines Präzisionspatronenfilters |
EP0672775A2 (de) * | 1994-02-25 | 1995-09-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Punktgebundener Vliesstoff |
EP0672775A3 (de) * | 1994-02-25 | 1999-04-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Punktgebundener Vliesstoff |
WO1996029456A1 (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 1996-09-26 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Conjugate fiber nonwoven fabric |
US5858515A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-01-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Pattern-unbonded nonwoven web and process for making the same |
US5931823A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-08-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | High permeability liner with improved intake and distribution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS59130354A (ja) | 1984-07-26 |
EP0105729A3 (en) | 1986-02-19 |
DK449583A (da) | 1984-03-31 |
ZA837301B (en) | 1985-05-29 |
NO833546L (no) | 1984-04-02 |
DE3379965D1 (en) | 1989-07-06 |
FI833520A0 (fi) | 1983-09-29 |
HK98686A (en) | 1986-12-24 |
GB2127866B (en) | 1986-06-11 |
DK449583D0 (da) | 1983-09-29 |
AU565659B2 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
JPH0545708B2 (de) | 1993-07-09 |
MX158330A (es) | 1989-01-25 |
IE832315L (en) | 1984-03-30 |
ES8504289A1 (es) | 1985-04-16 |
PT77418A (en) | 1983-10-01 |
IN162943B (de) | 1988-07-23 |
EP0105729B1 (de) | 1989-05-31 |
FI833520A (fi) | 1984-03-31 |
GB2127866A (en) | 1984-04-18 |
MY8700092A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
GR79362B (de) | 1984-10-22 |
KR930010809B1 (ko) | 1993-11-11 |
PH19570A (en) | 1986-05-21 |
PT77418B (en) | 1986-03-20 |
BR8305377A (pt) | 1984-05-08 |
CA1250412A (en) | 1989-02-28 |
ATE43655T1 (de) | 1989-06-15 |
ES526134A0 (es) | 1985-04-16 |
IE54580B1 (en) | 1989-11-22 |
NZ205684A (en) | 1987-02-20 |
GB8326034D0 (en) | 1983-11-02 |
KR840006025A (ko) | 1984-11-21 |
AU1975783A (en) | 1984-04-05 |
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