EP0093325B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Flachdruckplatte - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Flachdruckplatte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0093325B1
EP0093325B1 EP83103850A EP83103850A EP0093325B1 EP 0093325 B1 EP0093325 B1 EP 0093325B1 EP 83103850 A EP83103850 A EP 83103850A EP 83103850 A EP83103850 A EP 83103850A EP 0093325 B1 EP0093325 B1 EP 0093325B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
toner image
intermediate support
particles
toner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83103850A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0093325A1 (de
Inventor
Peter Padberg
Detlef Dr. Winkelmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0093325A1 publication Critical patent/EP0093325A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0093325B1 publication Critical patent/EP0093325B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/26—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes
    • G03G13/28—Planographic printing plates
    • G03G13/283—Planographic printing plates obtained by a process including the transfer of a tonered image, i.e. indirect process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a planographic printing plate by electrophotographic or electrographic means by generating a charge image on a photoconductive or highly insulating layer and making it visible on the free surface of a dielectric intermediate carrier lying on the layer with a developer, transferring the toner image to the planographic printing plate and fixing of the toner image.
  • a device in which at least one monolayer of a developer powder as a toner image is transferred imagewise to a belt with a silicone elastomer surface that continuously rotates over several rollers and forms the intermediate carrier.
  • This band is transparent to radiation.
  • An infrared lamp is arranged on its underside. The powder is heated directly by the radiation absorption of the tape. It is also possible that the intermediate carrier tape is heated as a whole, so that the powder softens through contact heat.
  • the sheet-shaped image carrier is brought into contact with the developer powder on the belt by means of another roller, so that it. is transferred to this.
  • Aluminum for example, serves as the image carrier.
  • An electrostatographic imaging process is also known (DE-C-22 00 084 corresponding to US-A-4 027 964), in which a photoconductive recording medium is covered with a thin dielectric tape before the charge image is developed, onto which developer liquid is then applied and removed which the toner image created is transferred from the recording medium to the final image carrier before the dielectric tape is detached.
  • the latter step is necessary to prevent physical or electrostatic distortion of the toner image.
  • only a polar developer liquid can be used, which is applied with the aid of a charging element, such as a roller, provided with a surface with evenly raised and depressed surfaces.
  • the dielectric intermediate carrier tape has a thickness of 3-75 f.Lm and preferably consists of a polypropylene or polyvinyl fluoride film.
  • the toner image is transferred to the final image carrier by the action of pressure and / or by means of an electrical bias. Normal paper is given as the image carrier.
  • a polar developing liquid express reference is made to electrophoretic development with negatively charged toner particles, using a feed roller with a smooth surface that is in even contact with the liquid film. It is found that the very low tint density of images thus made renders the process unsuitable for practical use.
  • DE-A-2418240 describes an electrophotographic copying process in which an electrostatic image is developed on a final, tape-shaped image carrier, a thin film, by means of a liquid developer, the rear side of which lies against the photoconductor drum carrying the electrostatic image Image carrier is brought into contact with liquid developer.
  • the electrostatic field of the charge image reaches through the thin film, as a result of which the toner particles dispersed in the liquid developer can migrate in the direction of the photoconductor drum. The particles adhere to the rear surface of the film and form the fixable toner image.
  • the invention solves this problem by a method of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which the field of a charge image extends through a dielectric film, which is characterized in that an electrophoretically active liquid developer is used, the dispersed particles of which are at least partially thermoplastic and in the range between 90 and 130 ° C melt, and that one carries out the transfer and fixing of the residual dispersant-free toner image after the separation of the intermediate carrier from the charge image at a temperature in the melting range of the thermoplastic particles.
  • the liquid developer according to the invention can remove the toner image produced on the dielectric film from the charge image and transfer it to the final carrier without the known, undesirable destruction of the toner image occurring.
  • a photoconductive layer 1 which is located on a metallic or metallized substrate 2, is uniformly charged with a corona 3 in the dark.
  • the photoconductive layer 1 is exposed imagewise. This is preferably done by means of optical imaging in a reprographic camera or by re-enlarging a microfilm image. However, spot exposure is also possible by means of a laser beam which is guided in a line over the photoconductive layer and is digitally switched on and off in terms of image. In principle, contact exposure can also be carried out. In all cases, a developable charge pattern is created.
  • the photoconductive layer carrying the charge image is covered with a thin film 4 as a dielectric intermediate carrier.
  • a roller or an air brush can help if individual foils are opened as intermediate carriers. If the intermediate carrier 4 is rewound from reel to reel, it is sufficient to press it smoothly onto the charge image under tension.
  • the liquid developer 5 is then placed on the free surface of the intermediate carrier 4. This can be done with all application means known in the prior art, such as, for example, wetted rollers or, as shown, slot dies 6. It is expedient to use a developing electrode in order to remove the residual voltage on the photoconductive layer at the exposed locations. The development process itself takes a few seconds to a minute.
  • Step d shows the heating in the transfer step by direct application of radiant heat 9. In the case of a transparent film as an intermediate carrier, the heat is mainly absorbed in the toner if it is colored.
  • heating can also be done by contact heat using a heated roller or hot plate.
  • the temperature must be selected so that no deformation of the film used as the intermediate carrier occurs. A temperature range between 90 and 130 ° C has proven to be useful.
  • the intermediate carrier 4 and the planographic printing plate 8 carrying the toner image are then separated from one another. It is advantageous to carry out this step only when the composite has cooled to a temperature below 40 ° C.
  • the illustrated planographic printing plate obtained in this way can be used directly for offset printing. Depending on the type of toner, 10,000 to more than 100,000 prints can be made.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that images with sharper edges are obtained on the planographic printing plate by one transfer.
  • the process according to the invention has the advantage that the toner image is so solid due to the unsuitable electrophoretically active liquid developer the intermediate carrier is liable that this can be removed from the photoconductor layer without image shift.
  • This in turn enables the heat transfer according to the invention, which takes place without residue on the planographic printing plate and which would not be possible in contact with the photoconductive layer by the known method, since all suitable photoconductors are damaged during the heat treatment.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in various configurations.
  • the photoconductive or highly insulating layer freed from the intermediate carrier is reused. It can be reused at least a few, but mostly a few hundred times and, depending on the quality requirements, even a few thousand times.
  • a variant of the method consists in that the charge image is not generated electrophotographically, but rather electrographically by spraying a dielectric layer with charge imagewise.
  • the intermediate carrier is applied to the charged photoconductive layer before the exposure.
  • the photoconductor layer and / or intermediate carrier can be provided with a very thin layer of insulating liquid, preferably the liquid phase of the liquid developer, before being folded, or the separation into of such a liquid happen.
  • the intermediate carrier is sufficiently rigid and well carried, it can also be used again after cleaning.
  • the cleaning expediently takes place either with the liquid developer itself or with its liquid phase. Excess cleaning fluid can be wiped off with a wiper blade.
  • photoconductors All those which are usually used for electrophotographic purposes can be used as photoconductors in the method according to the invention. These are inorganic layers made from selenium or its alloys, from cadmium sulfide or zinc oxide. However, organic photoconductor layers are preferred since they are more flexible and generally show a lower dark drop in the layer voltage. Because of the somewhat time-consuming process steps, photoconductor layers are preferred which still show more than 50% of the output voltage even after one minute. Among the organic photoconductor layers, in turn, those of the double layer type consisting of the charge carrier-generating layer and the charge transport layer are particularly preferred, since they have a high sensitivity to light and, at the same time, low dark decay. The voltage across the layer should be between 200 and 1,000 volts, preferably between 300 and 500 volts. As is known, metallic plates or drums or also plastic foils coated with a thin metal layer can serve as layer supports for the photoconductive or highly insulating layer.
  • any plastic film can be used as the dielectric intermediate carrier, provided that it has a volume resistance of more than 10 12 ohm cm and is not subject to shrinkage phenomena below the melting temperature of the thermoplastic toner particles, which would lead to dimensional changes in the toner image to be applied.
  • films made of polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene or polyvinyl chloride are suitable.
  • Stretched films made of polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate, such as are used for the production of capacitors, are preferably used.
  • films made of polytetrafluoroethylene can also be used. Films which are suitably coated to adapt the surface energy are also inexpensive to use.
  • the dielectric constant was not critical in the method according to the invention. Particularly good results have been obtained with films which have a dielectric constant around 3.
  • the thinner the intermediate carrier the higher the resolution. Since a resolution of about 10 line pairs per mm is required for the intended application in offset printing, the thickness of the intermediate carrier must be selected accordingly. As tests have shown, this requirement can be met with thicknesses in the range of 5-50 .... m. As an acceptable compromise between manageability of the intermediate beam and edges Sharpness advantageously results in a thickness in the range from 10 to 15 ⁇ m. Are lower resolutions acceptable, e.g. B. in poster printing, intermediate carriers with a slightly larger thickness can be used occasionally.
  • Electrophoretically effective liquid developers are known as electrophotographic dispersion liquid developers, which consist of an insulating liquid with a volume resistivity of more than 10 13 ohm cm, in which particles which can be deposited electrophoretically or dielectrophoretically are dispersed.
  • Branched aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling point above 150 ° C. have established themselves as the dispersing agent in industry.
  • Pigments are mostly dispersed, since a colored image is usually required. However, this is not absolutely necessary in the present invention, but is advantageous for ease of handling.
  • the separable pigments can be made fixable with a dissolved binder or a polymer which separates with the pigment.
  • the component of the dispersed binder is essential in the process according to the invention.
  • thermoplastics such as polyamides, polyethylenes or copolymers of styrene or acrylic or methacrylic acid esters are suitable. These are expediently ground dry, dispersed in the insulating liquid and further ground, for example in a ball mill to the required particle size of less than 5 ⁇ m, preferably less than 2 f.Lm.
  • the separable particles preferably contain polyamide, polyethylene, copolymers of styrene or the acrylic or methacrylic acid esters, alone or in a mixture, or consist of these polymers.
  • control agents are added which impart a unique charge to the dispersed particles. These can be inorganic, but also organic compounds. As examples to be mentioned are polyvinylpyrrolidone as a negative control agent and long-chain zirconyl salts for positive control.
  • thermoplastics Another way to obtain finely dispersed thermoplastics is to dissolve them in the hot dispersion medium and then to cool the solution sufficiently, the thermoplastic again precipitating in fine particles.
  • Copolymers of vinyl toluene / octyl acrylate are particularly suitable for this production method. These also have to be controlled additionally.
  • This type of liquid developer is described in DE-A-23 33 064 corresponding to US-A-4 157 974.
  • dispersimer developers as are known from DE-B-21 14 773 corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,753,760, are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • These are liquid developers in which a disperse polymeric phase was produced in the insulating liquid by directly converting monomers dissolved in the liquid to fine-particle polymers. The most uniform particle distribution is obtained by this process by producing a soluble prepolymer onto which products which are insoluble in polymer form are then grafted.
  • Mixed polymers of stearyl methacrylate / glycidyl methacrylate which are esterified with methacrylic acid are particularly suitable as prepolymers.
  • thermoplastic particles it is expedient not only to disperse the thermoplastic particles but also to disperse pigments or to discolor the particles. Although this is not absolutely necessary in the method according to the invention, it facilitates the visual control of the toner deposition and favors the thermal fixation, insofar as radiation is involved.
  • Lithographic aluminum serves as a planographic printing plate. This is available in thicknesses from 50 ⁇ m to 400 f.Lm. Materials of all surface structures customary for this purpose can be used, as there are mechanically dry and mechanically liquid roughened surfaces such as those that have been chemically or electrochemically roughened and then anodized. Since the adhesion conditions on the differently pretreated types of aluminum are different, the toner must be adapted to these conditions. It has proven to be advantageous if the dispersed polymeric particles contain acrylate or methacrylate groups. The polymer then anchors itself so firmly to the oxide layer that the adhesion to the aluminum surface is substantially greater than that of the melted toner on the intermediate carrier, so that a practically 100% transfer results.
  • the thermal conductivity of the aluminum during the transfer step of the toner image from the intermediate carrier to the aluminum surface must also be taken into account. At feed speeds of 1 m / min and more, it is advisable to cover the back of the aluminum to prevent greater heat loss Avoid derivation and radiation.
  • a photoconductor layer was made up of approximately 50 percent by weight of 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxdiazole and approximately 50 percent by weight of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and astrazone orange G (CI 48 035) as a sensitizer and which had been applied to a layer thickness of 5 J.Lm on brushed aluminum, charged to 400 V with a single-wire corona. It was then exposed imagewise in a repro camera, with approx. 40 ⁇ J / cm 2 falling on the plate at the exposed locations, as a result of which it was discharged to -20 V.
  • the electrostatic charge image obtained in this way was covered with a 12 ⁇ m thick biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film.
  • a dispersing-type liquid developer was poured onto it and left there for 20 seconds.
  • This developer consisted of a dispersimeric polymer and carbon black in a weight ratio of 10: 1.
  • the dispersimer was obtained by graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid and butyl methacrylate in a molar ratio of 1: 3 onto a prepolymer of glycidyl methacrylate dissolved in an aliphatic hydrocarbon with a boiling range of 160-180 ° C., which had been esterified with methacrylic acid, in a weight ratio of 1: 30 prepolymer Polymer.
  • the concentrate thus prepared was diluted in a weight ratio of 1: 100 with aliphatic hydrocarbon as a dispersing agent and controlled with 0.1 ml of a zirconyl octoate solution to 1 percent by weight concentrate.
  • the toner was positively charged. After the toner had been deposited on the film as an intermediate carrier, the remaining dispersant was blown off with an air brush.
  • the film with the air-dried toner image was then removed from the photoconductive layer. lifted off and applied to a chemically roughened and anodized aluminum of 0.3 mm thickness.
  • the composite was passed at a speed of 0.5 m / min through a laminator, the rollers of which had a temperature of 120 ° C. After cooling, the foil was lifted off the aluminum plate.
  • the result was an edge-free, basic toner image on the aluminum surface.
  • the image-reinforced aluminum plate was then placed in an oven at 150 ° C. for 20 seconds.
  • the planographic printing plate thus obtained was preserved in the usual way with a hydrophilic layer and could then be used for printing at any time. With a conventional small offset press, 50,000 sheets could be printed before the first signs of wear on the toner image could be observed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
EP83103850A 1982-04-29 1983-04-20 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Flachdruckplatte Expired EP0093325B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3215940 1982-04-29
DE19823215940 DE3215940A1 (de) 1982-04-29 1982-04-29 Verfahren zum herstellen einer flachdruckplatte

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0093325A1 EP0093325A1 (de) 1983-11-09
EP0093325B1 true EP0093325B1 (de) 1985-10-09

Family

ID=6162243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83103850A Expired EP0093325B1 (de) 1982-04-29 1983-04-20 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Flachdruckplatte

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4533611A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0093325B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS58194043A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU560010B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3215940A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2169416B (en) * 1984-12-10 1989-01-11 Savin Corp Toner particles for use in liquid compositions for developing latent electrostatic images
US4804601A (en) * 1987-06-29 1989-02-14 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic and electrographic imaging processes
US4880715A (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-11-14 Xerox Corporation Imaging system
US4883731A (en) * 1988-01-04 1989-11-28 Xerox Corporation Imaging system
US4937163A (en) * 1989-01-27 1990-06-26 Xerox Corporation Imaging member and processes thereof
US4970130A (en) * 1989-12-01 1990-11-13 Xerox Corporation Xeroprinting process with improved contrast potential
US5043242A (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-08-27 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted transfer of electrostatographic toner particles to a thermoplastic bearing receiver
US5037718A (en) * 1989-12-22 1991-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted method of transferring small electrostatographic toner particles to a thermoplastic bearing receiver
US5045424A (en) * 1990-02-07 1991-09-03 Eastman Kodak Company Thermally assisted process for transferring small electrostatographic toner particles to a thermoplastic bearing receiver
US5077122A (en) * 1990-10-25 1991-12-31 California Institute Of Technology Biaxially-oriented polycarbonate film for capacitors
GB9227187D0 (en) * 1992-12-18 1993-02-24 Mabbott Robert J Printing process
US5750314A (en) 1995-12-05 1998-05-12 Howard A. Fromson Method for selectively imaging a lithographic printing plate

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA731812A (en) * 1966-04-05 Klupfel Kurt-Walter Electrophotographic reproduction process
US2637651A (en) * 1948-10-02 1953-05-05 Battelle Development Corp Method of producing images on rigid surfaces
US2990278A (en) * 1955-12-29 1961-06-27 Haloid Xerox Inc Method and apparatus for transferring and fixing xerographic images
GB1215599A (en) * 1967-12-15 1970-12-09 Int Nickel Ltd Improvements relating to electrostatic copying
US3554836A (en) * 1968-07-19 1971-01-12 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Transfer process
US3753760A (en) * 1970-01-30 1973-08-21 Hunt P Liquid electrostatic development using an amphipathic molecule
NL7007186A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1970-05-19 1971-11-23
US3804620A (en) * 1971-01-06 1974-04-16 Xerox Corp Method of producing planographic plates by photoelectrophoretic imaging
US3798029A (en) * 1971-07-27 1974-03-19 Sherwin Williams Co Laminated electrophotographic unit and process
US3820985A (en) * 1972-01-06 1974-06-28 Bell & Howell Co Method and apparatus for inductive electrophotography
US4027964A (en) * 1972-11-27 1977-06-07 Xerox Corporation Apparatus for interposition environment
US4157974A (en) * 1973-06-29 1979-06-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Electrophotographic liquid developer and process for the manufacture thereof
DE2418240A1 (de) * 1974-04-13 1975-10-23 Agfa Gevaert Ag Elektrofotografisches kopierverfahren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
CA1075300A (en) * 1974-09-02 1980-04-08 Robert J. Wright Offset printing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3215940A1 (de) 1983-11-03
AU1406883A (en) 1983-11-03
JPS58194043A (ja) 1983-11-11
US4533611A (en) 1985-08-06
JPH0246945B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-10-17
AU560010B2 (en) 1987-03-26
DE3360965D1 (en) 1985-11-14
EP0093325A1 (de) 1983-11-09

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