EP0089644B1 - Mikrotom - Google Patents

Mikrotom Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089644B1
EP0089644B1 EP83102708A EP83102708A EP0089644B1 EP 0089644 B1 EP0089644 B1 EP 0089644B1 EP 83102708 A EP83102708 A EP 83102708A EP 83102708 A EP83102708 A EP 83102708A EP 0089644 B1 EP0089644 B1 EP 0089644B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pivot
balls
socket
misalignment
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83102708A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0089644A1 (de
Inventor
Lawrence Roy Barrett
Allan John Weiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RMC Inc
Original Assignee
RMC Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RMC Inc filed Critical RMC Inc
Priority to AT83102708T priority Critical patent/ATE25877T1/de
Publication of EP0089644A1 publication Critical patent/EP0089644A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0089644B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089644B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
    • G01N1/06—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting providing a thin slice, e.g. microtome
    • G01N2001/065—Drive details

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a microtome of the type having a first member pivotally movable with respect to a second member on a pair of main pivot balls captured between fixed sockets provided on one of the members and a fixed and a movable socket provided on the other of the members.
  • a microtome is a device adapted to provide extremely thin slices of a material for microscopic examination.
  • the material to be sliced is mounted to the forward end of an articulable specimen holding arm which is itself pivotally mounted at its opposite end within a yoke.
  • the yoke is itself pivotally mounted to the microtome frame and connected to an advance member, as a lead screw.
  • the specimen is drawn downwardly over the edge of a knife thereby slicing an extremely thin slice of specimen.
  • the slice is collected on the surface of a liquid reservoir.
  • the holding arm articulates thus permitting the specimen to be raised above the cutting edge of the knife in anticipation of the next downward cutting stroke.
  • Ball pivot assemblies are usually utilized to define the bearing surfaces for the pivotal movements above discussed.
  • ball pivots there is a tendency for misalignments between the bearing balls and their associated sockets.
  • some arrangement must be provided whereby the exact distances between the pivot balls and their corresponding sockets are maintained.
  • each of the pivot balls is fixed to one of two relatively pivotal members. However, each of these balls is supported in the other of the relatively pivotable members in a different manner.
  • One of the balls is supported in a depression of triangular pyramidal form secured in a fixed location to the second member.
  • the second of the balls is received in a substantially V-shaped groove provided in the second member. The corresponding ball may occupy any position within the groove thereby assuring exact matching of the distance between the balls and the distance between their corresponding support surfaces.
  • US-A-4 221438 discloses an alternative technique.
  • one of the balls is introduced into a socket containing molten cement and permitted to situate itself such that when the cement sets up, there is an exact matching of the distance between the balls and the sockets.
  • one of the sockets is fixed to one of the members while the other of the bearing sockets is mounted on a leaf spring for flexural movement with respect to that member. In this manner, deviations in the distances between the balls and the sockets may be accommodated so that exact matching of the bearing elements may be facilitated.
  • microtome of the type mentioned initially having a misalignment system to support relatively pivotal members so that perceived disadvantages attendant upon the use of flexural members do not occur.
  • the microtome according to the invention is characterized by a misalignment pivot system for permitting movement without the generation of a restoring force of the movable socket in the direction of an axis connecting the centerlines of the main pivot balls to match the exact separation between the said main pivot balls, the misalignment pivot system itself comprising a locating socket and a groove formed on either the movable socket or on one of the members and, confrontationally thereto, a pair of further fixed sockets provided on the other of the movable socket or the one of the members thereby forming a pair of opposed sockets comprising one of said pair of further fixed sockets and the locating socket, a first misalignment pivot ball captured between the pair of opposed sockets and a second misalignment pivot ball captured between the other further fixed socket and the groove, the axis between the centers of the misalignment pivot balls being substantially perpendicular to the axis connecting the centerlines of the main pivot balls.
  • said pair of main pivot balls is secured to a first member and corresponding main pivot sockets are provided for mounting onto a second member relatively pivotal with respect to the first member.
  • One of the main pivot sockets is itself pivotal with respect to the second member on the supplemental misalignment pivot system.
  • the misalignment pivot system includes a fixed socket and a groove formed on either of the main pivot socket or the first member and a pair of fixed sockets on the other of the main pivot socket or the first member. Corresponding fixed sockets and the socket and groove capture misalignment pivot balls on which pivotal movement of the main pivot socket with respect to the first member may occur.
  • misalignments along the axis of the main pivot balls may be accommodated without the generation of a restoring force which may disrupt precise slicing of the specimen.
  • FIG. 1 shown is a highly stylized pictorial representation of a microtome generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
  • the misalignment pivot system in accordance with this invention may be used with any microtome apparatus, it is believed to have particular utility when used with an ultramicrotome.
  • An ultramicrotome is a device adapted to produce specimen slices with thicknesses on the order of nanometers.
  • the microtome 10 includes a frame 12 mounted within an outer casing 14 by any suitable means of attachment, such as the shock mounts 16.
  • the frame 12 is a relatively massive member which supports a microtome superstructure indicated by reference character 20 on three contact pads (not shown).
  • the superstructure 20 is that portion of the microtome which supports those components important to the cutting process (e.g., the knife and specimen holding arm).
  • a stage 24 is adjustably mounted on the superstructure 20 by any suitable attachment mechanism.
  • the stage 24 carries a suitable specimen cutting element, such as the knife 26.
  • the knife 26 serves to produce a series of thin slices of a specimen 27 as the specimen 27 is drawn over the cutting edge 28 of the knife.
  • the slices of the specimen are most commonly collected on the surface of a liquid contained in a boat 30 formed in the knife 24 forwardly of the cutting edge 28.
  • the specimen 27 from which slices are cut is supported at the outboard end of a specimen holding arm 34.
  • the specimen holding arm 34 is pivotally mounted for articulated movement with respect to a housing member 36 on a retract pivot assembly generally indicated by reference character 40.
  • the housing 36 is itself pivotally mounted with respect to a yoke 44 on a cutting pivot assembly 46.
  • the yoke 44 is pivotally mounted with respect to the superstructure 20 on an advance pivot assembly 48.
  • the advance pivot assembly 48 is mounted a predetermined distance 50 (exaggerated for clarity of illustration in Figure 1) above the cutting pivot assembly 46 for purposes understood by those in the art.
  • the free end of the yoke 44 is secured a predetermined distance 52 below the pivot assembly 48 to an advance mechanism, such as a lead screw 54.
  • the advance mechanism is suitably supported for movement with respect to the superstructure 20.
  • the operation of the microtome 10 shown in Figure 1 is readily understandable from the foregoing by those skilled in the art.
  • the specimen holding arm 34 and the housing 36 pivot with respect to the yoke 44 on the cutting pivot assembly 46 to move the specimen 27 in the direction of the arrow 58 over the cutting edge 28 of the knife 26.
  • the specimen holding arm 34 articulates on the retract pivot assembly 40 to permit the specimen 27 to be returned to a position above the cutting edge 28 preparatory to the next cut.
  • the yoke 44 is pivoted with respect to the superstructure 20 on the advance pivot assembly 48 to thereby advance the specimen holding arm 34 in the direction of the arrow 60 prior to the next cut of the specimen 27.
  • the magnitude of the advance of the specimen 27 in the direction 60 with respect to the superstructure 20 is functionally related to the ratio of the distances 50 and 52. It is to be understood that suitable cams and actuators for the motions discussed are provided, but that these elements are omitted from the Figures for clarity of illustration.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 shown is a front section and a side section view of a generalized pivot assembly indicated by the reference character G with which may be used a misalignment pivot system in accordance with this invention and generally indicated by the reference character 64.
  • a first member P is mounted for pivotal movement on a pair of mean pivot balls B1 and B2 with respect to a second relatively fixed member F.
  • the main pivot balls B1 and B2 are spaced a predetermined distance D apart as measured in a direction parallel to the axis Q-Q' extending through the centers of the balls. Each of the main pivot balls B1 and B2 is respectively received between corresponding pairs of main sockets S1, S3 and S2, S4.
  • the socket S1 is secured to the first, pivotable, member P while the sockets S3 and S4 are mounted to the second, relatively fixed, member F.
  • the socket S2 is mounted by the supplemental misalignment pivot system 64 for pivotal movement with respect to the first member P.
  • the main balls B be secured, as by glue or the like, into the main sockets which are carried on the member with respect to which pivotal motion is to occur. For example, if the first member P is pivotally movable with respect to the second member F, the balls B are glued or otherwise secured into the sockets S3 and S4.
  • the movable socket (S2 in Figures 2 and 3) would therefore be mounted for pivotal movement on the supplemental misalignment pivot system 64 with respect to the pivoting member, i.e., the first member P in the example. It should be understood, however, that the mounting location of the movable socket S2 and its corresponding socket S4 may be reversed. That is, the socket S2 may be mounted on the supplementary pivot system 64 for movement with respect to the relatively fixed member F, while the socket S4 is secured to the pivotable member P.
  • the misalignment pivot system 64 includes a pivot support member 68 mounted in a recess 70 provided in the pivotable member P if the socket S2 is to be pivotable with respect to the member P. Of course, if the socket S2 is to pivot with respect to the member F, that member would receive the support 68.
  • the misalignment pivot system 64 further includes first and second misalignment pivot balls 72A and 72B respectively.
  • the pivot balls 72A and 72B are disposed in intermediate fixed sockets 74A and 74B (preferably formed in the pivot socket S2) and a corresponding fixed socket 76 and a V-groove 78 (preferably formed in the pivot support member 68).
  • the pivot support member-68 may be arranged to carry only fixed sockets (i.e., a pair of sockets similar to the sockets 74) while the main pivot socket S2 may carry both a fixed socket (similar to the socket 76) and a V-groove (similar to the groove 78). Any adjustments in the direction along the axis W-W' between the misalignment pivot balls 72A and 72B is accommodated by displacement of the pivot ball 72B to an appropriate position in the groove 78.
  • the axis W-W' extends substantially perpendicular to the axis Q-Q' of the main pivot system.
  • the pivot support member 68 has a central bore 80 extending therethrough which is counterbored, as at 82, to accommodate a threaded screw 84.
  • the screw 84 captures a spring 86 which acts in a direction 88 between the underside of the head of the screw 84 and the bottom of the shoulder formed by the counterbore 82.
  • the screw 84 is threaded into the main pivot socket S2 to thereby hold the components of the misalignment pivot system in place while the support 68 is inserted into the recess 70.
  • the support 68 is held in place with respect to the member P by a bolt 94.
  • Aholding spring 100 is provided between the members F and P. It should be noted that the point 102 at which the spring 100 bears against the member F lies on the axis Q-Q'. Thus, the force exerted by the spring 100 is the same through the full pivotal movement of the member P.
  • the pivot support 68 includes a recess 106 which registers with a bore 108 provided in the member P.
  • a set screw 112 when inserted through the bore 108 and into the recess 106, serves to dispose the axis W-W' extending through the misalignment pivot balls 72 in a substantially perpendicular relationship to the axis Q-Q' extending through the main pivot balls B1 and B2.
  • the substantially perpendicular relationship between the axes of the misalignment pivot balls 72 and the main pivot balls may be achieved in an alternative manner.
  • a pin 116 is press fit or otherwise secured into some portion of the member P.
  • the pivot support 68 is provided with a bore 118 located at a predetermined location with respect to the axis W-W' such that when the pin 116 is received within the bore 118 the axis W-W' is substantially perpendicular to the axis Q-Q'.
  • the socket S1 and the support member 68 for the socket S2 may be provided with an adjustment assembly, such as exterior threads 122 and a lock nut 124, whereby the position of the centers of each of the main pivot balls B1 and B2 may be varied with respect to a reference datum.
  • the threads 122 and lock nut 124 may be provided on the support member 68.
  • the adjustment feature just discussed permits the setting of the offset distance 50 between axis Q-Q' through the main pivot balls provided in the advance pivot assembly 48 with respect to the axis W-W' extending through the supplemental pivot balls provided in the advance pivot assembly.
  • any adjustment of one of the main pivot sockets or one of the main pivot balls with respect to the first member P and/or the second member F in the direction of the axis Q-Q' to match the exact separation between the main pivot sockets or the main pivot balls is accommodated by deflection of the pivoting socket S2 in the directions of arrows 128 on the bearing surfaces provided by the misalignment pivot balls 72.
  • the pivoting movement of the main pivot socket S2 in the direction of the arrows 128 exact matching of the distances between the main pivot balls and their associated sockets can be accommodated without the imposition of a restoring force generated in flexural pivot systems.
  • this invention provides a system whereby exact matching of the distances between the centers of the main pivot balls and their associated sockets is accommodated without flexure of any member and the generation of a concommitant restorative force.
  • This restorative force is believed to engender inaccuracies in the uniformity of slices produced and the elimination of the restorative force is therefore believed to be advantageous.
  • utilization of the misalignment pivot system hereinabove disclosed provides a structure whereby the main pivot socket may displace in one plane (i.e., the plane of Figure 2) while remaining stiff in a transverse plane.
  • the misalignment pivot system of the present invention may be used in any of the pivot assemblies in a microtome wherein relative pivoting motion between members is desired.
  • the misalignment pivot system may be used in the retract pivot assembly, in the cutting pivot assembly, in the advance pivot assembly and/or wherever else relative pivotal motion between two members occurs.
  • the specimen holding arm 34 and the housing 36 may be respectively construed as the first member P and the second member F.
  • the housing 36 and the yoke 44 may be respectively construed as the first member P and the second member F.
  • the yoke 44 and the superstructure 20 may be construed as the first member P and the second member F.
  • the ability to adjust the main pivot balls relative to a reference datum (the axis W-W' of the misalignment pivot balls) through the agency of the threads 122 and lock nut 124 finds especial utility in assisting to define the predetermined distance 50 between the cutting pivot assembly 46 and the advance pivot assembly 48.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Mikrotom eines solchen Typs, bei dem ein erstes Element (P) gegenüber einem zweiten Element (F) auf einem Paar Hauptlager-Kugeln (B1, B2) schwenkbar beweglich ist, die zwischen zwei an einem der Elemente vorgesehenen festen Lagerschalen (S3, S4) und zwischen einer festen und einer beweglichen Lagerschale (S1, S2), die an dem anderen der Elemente angebracht sind, gehalten werden, gekennzeichnet durch
ein Fehlausrichtungs-Gelenksystem (64) zur Ermöglichung einer Bewegung ohne Erzeugung einer Rückstellkraft der beweglichen Lagerschale in Richtung einer die Mittellinien der Hauptlager-Kugeln (B1, B2) verbindenden Achse (Q-Q'), zur genauen Anpassung an den Abstand zwischen den Hauptlager-Kugeln,
wobei das Fehlausrichtungs-Gelenksystem (64) seinerseits eine ortsbestimmende Lagerschale (76) und eine entweder an der beweglichen Lagerschale (S2) oder an einem der Elemente (P, F) gebildete Rille (78) sowie in Gegenüberstellung dazu ein Paar weiterer ortsfester Lagerschalen (74A, 74B) umfaßt, die an dem betreffenden anderen Bauteil, nämlich der beweglichen Lagerschale (S2) oder einem der Elemente angebracht sind, wodurch ein Paar einander gegenüberliegender Lagerschalen gebildet wird, die aus einer der beiden Lagerschalen des Paars der weiteren festen Lagerschalen und dem ortsbestimmenden Lager bestehen, eine erste Fehlausrichtungs-Lagerkugel (72A) zwischen dem Paar einander gegenüberliegender Lagerschalen (74A, 76) gehalten ist, und eine zweite Fehlausrichtungs-Lagerkugel (72B) zwischen der anderen weiteren festen Lagerschale (74B) und der Rille (78) gehalten wird, wobei die Achse (W-W') zwischen den Mittelpunkten der Fehlausrichtungs-Lagerkugeln (72A, 72B) im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu der die Mittellinien der Hauptlager-Kugeln (B1, B2) verbindenden. Achse (Q-Q') verläuft.
2. Mikrotom nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem das eine der Elemente (P, F) mit einer Aussparung (70) versehen ist, ein Halteelement (68) im Inneren der Aussparung aufnehmbar ist, das Halteelement (68) mit dem weiteren Paar fester Lagerschalen oder der ortsbestimmenden Lagerschale (76) versehen ist und die Rille (78), je nach Lage des Falles, gegenüber der beweglichen Lagerschale (S2) angeordnet ist.
3. Mikrotom nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem das Halteelement (68) eine darin vorgesehene Rille (106) zur Aufnahme einer Stellschraube (112) enthält, um die Achse (W-W') zwischen den Mittelpunkten der Fehlausrichtungs-Lagerkugeln (72A, 72B) im wesentlichen rechtwinklig zu der die Mittelpunkte der Hauptlager-Kugeln (B1, B2) verbindenden Achse (Q-Q') auszurichten.
4. Mikrotom nach Anspruch 2, bei welchem das eine der Elemente (P, F) mit einem Stift (116) versehen ist und das Halteelement eine Bohrung (118) aufweist, wobei Stift und Bohrung so angeordnet sind, daß dann, wenn der Stift (116) von der Bohrung (118) aufgenommen ist, die Achse (W-W') zwischen den Mittelpunkten der Fehlausrichtungs-Lagerkugeln (72A, 72B) im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der die Mittelpunkte der Hauptlager-Kugeln (B1, B2) verbindenden Achse (Q-Q') verläuft.
5. Mikrotom nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welchem das eine der Elemente das erste Element (P) ist.
6. Mikrotom nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei welchem das eine der Elemente das zweite Element (F) ist.
EP83102708A 1982-03-24 1983-03-18 Mikrotom Expired EP0089644B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83102708T ATE25877T1 (de) 1982-03-24 1983-03-18 Mikrotom.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US361262 1982-03-24
US06/361,262 US4395075A (en) 1982-03-24 1982-03-24 Misalignment system for a microtome

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089644A1 EP0089644A1 (de) 1983-09-28
EP0089644B1 true EP0089644B1 (de) 1987-03-11

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ID=23421317

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83102708A Expired EP0089644B1 (de) 1982-03-24 1983-03-18 Mikrotom

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4395075A (de)
EP (1) EP0089644B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS58173449A (de)
AT (1) ATE25877T1 (de)
CA (1) CA1184466A (de)
DE (1) DE3370184D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3410831A1 (de) * 1984-03-23 1985-09-26 C. Reichert Optische Werke Ag, Wien Praezisionslager fuer mikrotome, insbesondere ultramikrotome, mit kugeln und/oder kugelkalotten aus geschliffenen amorphen werkstoffen
JPH08438B2 (ja) * 1992-08-12 1996-01-10 東北ムネカタ株式会社 プラスチック成形品およびその製造方法と成形用金型
US6799352B2 (en) * 2002-08-01 2004-10-05 Boeckler Instruments Zero backlash assembly
DE10258553B8 (de) * 2002-12-14 2005-12-08 Leica Mikrosysteme Gmbh Verfahren zum automatischen Annähern eines Präparates an ein Messer eines Mikrotoms oder Ultramikrotoms
US7437984B2 (en) * 2004-12-10 2008-10-21 Boeckeler Instruments Inc. Microtome and ultramicrotome with improved carrier arm
WO2015133979A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-11 Kaya Cemalettin Moving mechanism minimizing the destructive impacts of an earthquake

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375322A (en) * 1944-06-02 1945-05-08 Miniature Prec Bearings Precision pivot bearing

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AT238963B (de) * 1963-07-29 1965-03-10 Reichert Optische Werke Ag Mikrotom, insbesondere Ultramikrotom, mit gelenkig, spielfrei und kraftschlüssig miteinander verbundenen Lagerelementen
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Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2375322A (en) * 1944-06-02 1945-05-08 Miniature Prec Bearings Precision pivot bearing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS58173449A (ja) 1983-10-12
US4395075A (en) 1983-07-26
DE3370184D1 (en) 1987-04-16
JPS62448B2 (de) 1987-01-08
EP0089644A1 (de) 1983-09-28
CA1184466A (en) 1985-03-26
ATE25877T1 (de) 1987-03-15

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