EP0088725B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels - Google Patents
Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0088725B1 EP0088725B1 EP83810080A EP83810080A EP0088725B1 EP 0088725 B1 EP0088725 B1 EP 0088725B1 EP 83810080 A EP83810080 A EP 83810080A EP 83810080 A EP83810080 A EP 83810080A EP 0088725 B1 EP0088725 B1 EP 0088725B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lid
- sealing
- polyamide
- closure strip
- sealed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
- B65D17/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, preformed openings, e.g. tearable strips or plastic plugs
- B65D17/501—Flexible tape or foil-like material
- B65D17/502—Flexible tape or foil-like material applied to the external part of the container wall only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/001—Action for opening container
- B65D2517/0013—Action for opening container pull-out tear panel, e.g. by means of a tear-tab
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/0001—Details
- B65D2517/0058—Other details of container end panel
- B65D2517/008—Materials of container end panel
- B65D2517/0082—Coated or laminated metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
- B65D2517/5002—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material
- B65D2517/5005—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material with a part of the tape melted through the opening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
- B65D2517/5002—Details of flexible tape or foil-like material
- B65D2517/5024—Material
- B65D2517/5027—Single layer
- B65D2517/5029—Single layer and connected to container by local areas of adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D2517/00—Containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting, piercing or tearing of wall portions, e.g. preserving cans or tins
- B65D2517/50—Non-integral frangible members applied to, or inserted in, a preformed opening
- B65D2517/5072—Details of hand grip, tear- or lift-tab
- B65D2517/5083—Details of hand grip, tear- or lift-tab with means facilitating initial lifting of tape, e.g. lift or pull-tabs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a can lid painted on both sides with at least one pouring opening covered by a sealed sealing strip with a sealing surface made of polyamide.
- This prior art corresponds to the preamble of claim 1 and is known from EP-A-64948. This document was published on November 17, 1982 and therefore falls under Article 54 (3) EPC.
- Lids made of aluminum, tinplate or tin-free steel are known for beverage cans provided with one or more pouring openings, the pouring openings being covered with a sealed sealing strip.
- Can lids made of metal are usually provided on both sides with a lacquer layer, for example with a coating of a phenol-epoxy resin.
- Known sealing strips consist of an aluminum thin strip which is coated on its surface to be sealed with a coating of a thermoplastic material, for example polyamide.
- the adhesive strength of the polyamide sealing layer on the painted lid surface has increased for cans with high internal pressure - for example cans containing carbonated drinks after a long storage period at temperatures above 30 ° C - proven insufficient.
- the inventor has set himself the goal of creating a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which the adhesive strength of the sealing strip on the lid can be further increased.
- the can lid is heated after the sealing strip has been sealed until the polyamide has melted and then cooled.
- heating the lid in a temperature range of 175 to 300 ° C is sufficient.
- the duration of the heat depends on the level of the temperature used, i.e. H. at higher temperatures a shorter period of time is sufficient.
- the closure strip is provided with a free-standing tear tab 5.
- the area of the closure strip 3 spanning the pouring opening 2 and the tear-open tab 5 have an embossing 6.
- lids with the sealing strips sealed on were reheated in an air circulating oven at a temperature of 270 ° C. for 20 seconds.
- 40 cans with a nominal diameter of 65 mm were filled with 0.3 l of a carbonated beverage. Lids with a sealing strip sealed under the conditions mentioned, with and without reheating, were crimped onto 20 cans each. The cans were then stored at 40 ° C; the internal pressure was 4.4 bar.
- the sealing strips of the non-reheated lids already came off after 5 days of storage. With the reheated lids, there was no sign of the detachment of the sealing strips even after a storage period of 3 months.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Bathtub Accessories (AREA)
- Physical Deposition Of Substances That Are Components Of Semiconductor Devices (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Closing Of Containers (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT83810080T ATE19224T1 (de) | 1982-03-05 | 1983-02-25 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines dosendeckels. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1380/82A CH653305A5 (de) | 1982-03-05 | 1982-03-05 | Verfahren zum herstellen eines dosendeckels. |
CH1380/82 | 1982-03-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0088725A2 EP0088725A2 (de) | 1983-09-14 |
EP0088725A3 EP0088725A3 (en) | 1984-05-09 |
EP0088725B1 true EP0088725B1 (de) | 1986-04-16 |
Family
ID=4209074
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP83810080A Expired EP0088725B1 (de) | 1982-03-05 | 1983-02-25 | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4462732A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0088725B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPS58166014A (no) |
AT (1) | ATE19224T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU554625B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA1194397A (no) |
CH (1) | CH653305A5 (no) |
DE (2) | DE3208593C1 (no) |
DK (1) | DK156386C (no) |
ES (1) | ES8402199A1 (no) |
NO (1) | NO160771C (no) |
ZA (1) | ZA83874B (no) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3517360A (en) * | 1966-07-14 | 1970-06-23 | Bell Aerospace Corp | Electromagnetic force motor having linear output characteristics |
DE3233106C2 (de) * | 1982-09-02 | 1986-01-09 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Chippis | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels |
EP0303788B1 (en) * | 1983-05-25 | 1992-12-16 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Injection molding method of manufacturing container covers |
JPH0437096Y2 (no) * | 1984-11-30 | 1992-09-01 | ||
GB2168312B (en) * | 1984-12-13 | 1989-05-17 | Metal Box Plc | Containers |
US4562936A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1986-01-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Easy-open laminated container with optional reclosing means and method of making |
US4762579A (en) * | 1985-12-03 | 1988-08-09 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. | Process for producing easily openable closure |
US5219086A (en) * | 1989-03-29 | 1993-06-15 | Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. | Packing container for liquid, especially pressurized contents |
US20070272693A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-11-29 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Membrane Lid with Recessed Tab, and Container Incorporating Same |
WO2021020511A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-30 | 2021-02-04 | 山田菊夫 | 蓋体 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3552597A (en) * | 1969-01-03 | 1971-01-05 | Continental Can Co | Easy opening container |
US3671356A (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1972-06-20 | Continental Can Co | Method of forming a peelable seal between propylene polymer and a carboxylated polypropylene coated surface |
US3666138A (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1972-05-30 | Nat Can Corp | Container closure |
US3727809A (en) * | 1970-08-05 | 1973-04-17 | Steel Corp | Can end with bonded seal slide |
US3855026A (en) * | 1971-07-14 | 1974-12-17 | Sonoco Products Co | Method of manufacturing container end with protective bead |
US4232797A (en) * | 1979-05-14 | 1980-11-11 | Waterbury Nelson J | Reclosable container |
US4170314A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1979-10-09 | The Continental Group, Inc. | Container closure |
US4270665A (en) * | 1979-06-22 | 1981-06-02 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha, Ltd. | Peelable adhesive structure and method for its manufacture |
US4332846A (en) * | 1980-01-28 | 1982-06-01 | National Distillers & Chemical Corp. | Can cover |
DE3263987D1 (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1985-07-11 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Easily openable vessel closure and process for preparation thereof |
CH653929A5 (de) * | 1981-05-07 | 1986-01-31 | Alusuisse | Verfahren zur herstellung eines dosendeckels mit mindestens einem durch einen aufgesiegelten verschlussstreifen verschlossenen ausgiessloch. |
US4390104A (en) * | 1981-08-19 | 1983-06-28 | U.S. Clinical Products, Inc. | Flexible plastic sterile closure system for containers |
-
1982
- 1982-03-05 CH CH1380/82A patent/CH653305A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-03-10 DE DE3208593A patent/DE3208593C1/de not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-02-09 ZA ZA83874A patent/ZA83874B/xx unknown
- 1983-02-16 US US06/466,951 patent/US4462732A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-02-17 AU AU11625/83A patent/AU554625B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-02-25 AT AT83810080T patent/ATE19224T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-02-25 DK DK088683A patent/DK156386C/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-02-25 EP EP83810080A patent/EP0088725B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-02-25 CA CA000422391A patent/CA1194397A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-02-25 DE DE8383810080T patent/DE3363010D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-03-01 ES ES520208A patent/ES8402199A1/es not_active Expired
- 1983-03-01 NO NO830701A patent/NO160771C/no unknown
- 1983-03-05 JP JP58036532A patent/JPS58166014A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO830701L (no) | 1983-09-06 |
JPH0256209B2 (no) | 1990-11-29 |
ATE19224T1 (de) | 1986-05-15 |
CA1194397A (en) | 1985-10-01 |
JPS58166014A (ja) | 1983-10-01 |
NO160771B (no) | 1989-02-20 |
ES520208A0 (es) | 1984-02-16 |
DK156386C (da) | 1990-01-15 |
DK88683D0 (da) | 1983-02-25 |
EP0088725A2 (de) | 1983-09-14 |
NO160771C (no) | 1989-05-31 |
ES8402199A1 (es) | 1984-02-16 |
DK156386B (da) | 1989-08-14 |
ZA83874B (en) | 1983-11-30 |
DE3363010D1 (en) | 1986-05-22 |
AU554625B2 (en) | 1986-08-28 |
DK88683A (da) | 1983-09-06 |
DE3208593C1 (de) | 1983-07-21 |
EP0088725A3 (en) | 1984-05-09 |
AU1162583A (en) | 1983-09-08 |
CH653305A5 (de) | 1985-12-31 |
US4462732A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE2655632C2 (de) | Behälter mit Abziehverschluß | |
EP0129102B1 (de) | Behälterdeckel mit Öffnungseinrichtung | |
DE69813548T2 (de) | Behälterverschluss | |
DE2838505A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von deckelringen fuer konservendosen | |
EP0088725B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels | |
EP0104548A2 (de) | Behälterdeckel mit Öffnungseinrichtung | |
DE2250595A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer behaelterwandung mit mit letzterer einstueckig ausgebildeter oeffnungsvorrichtung und durch dieses verfahren hergestellter behaelterwandungsaufbau | |
DE2023923B2 (de) | Laminierte Metallbehälter Wand mit einem Metallplattenteil und einem entfern baren Abreißstreifen | |
EP0064948B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Deckeln mit einem mindestens ein Ausgiessloch abdeckenden Verschlussstreifen, insbesondere für Getränkedosen | |
DE2264457A1 (de) | Geschichtete metallbehaelterwand | |
DE3785944T2 (de) | Leicht zu öffnender Verschluss. | |
DE3233106C2 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Dosendeckels | |
CH637855A5 (en) | Beverage package for carbonated and uncarbonated beverages (drinks) | |
DE2318668B2 (de) | Deckel für einen fließfähige Güter fassenden Behälter | |
EP3395707B1 (de) | Getränkedose aus einheitlicher aluminiumlegierung | |
EP0221842B1 (de) | Ausgussöffnung in einem Behälterdeckel mit Aufreisslasche und Herstellung dieser Öffnung | |
DE69002499T3 (de) | Verpackung, insbesondere für unter Druck stehende Flüssigkeiten. | |
DE19902045A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Getränkedose aus Weißblech | |
DE2318669A1 (de) | Deckel fuer einen fliessfaehiges fuellgut enthaltenden behaelter | |
DE19812302A1 (de) | Metallverbundmaterial und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
DE4240373A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aufreißdeckeln sowie nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Aufreißdeckel | |
DE2130607C3 (de) | Rohrförmiger Metalldosenrumpf und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
CH689186A5 (de) | Aus einer Aluminiumfolie bestehender Aufreissdeckel auf einem Gebinde und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aufreissdeckels. | |
DE1607896A1 (de) | Bechaelter | |
JPH0541507B2 (no) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19841008 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: DE DOMINICIS & MAYER S.R.L. |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 19224 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19860515 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3363010 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19860522 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19910114 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19910114 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 19910114 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19910117 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19910118 Year of fee payment: 9 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19910118 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19910206 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
ITTA | It: last paid annual fee | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19910228 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19920225 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19920225 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19920226 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19920228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19920229 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19920229 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: SCHWEIZERISCHE ALUMINIUM A.G. Effective date: 19920228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19920901 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19921030 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19921103 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 83810080.8 Effective date: 19920904 |