EP0088198B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dacheindeckung für ein Gebäude, "umgekehrtes Dach" genannt, und vorgefertigtes Element zur Herstellung einer solchen Eindeckung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dacheindeckung für ein Gebäude, "umgekehrtes Dach" genannt, und vorgefertigtes Element zur Herstellung einer solchen Eindeckung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0088198B1
EP0088198B1 EP82810279A EP82810279A EP0088198B1 EP 0088198 B1 EP0088198 B1 EP 0088198B1 EP 82810279 A EP82810279 A EP 82810279A EP 82810279 A EP82810279 A EP 82810279A EP 0088198 B1 EP0088198 B1 EP 0088198B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slab
element according
layer
insulating material
water
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Expired
Application number
EP82810279A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0088198A3 (en
EP0088198A2 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Deppen
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to AT82810279T priority Critical patent/ATE19120T1/de
Publication of EP0088198A2 publication Critical patent/EP0088198A2/de
Publication of EP0088198A3 publication Critical patent/EP0088198A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0088198B1 publication Critical patent/EP0088198B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1687—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure the insulating material having provisions for roof drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1662—Inverted roofs or exteriorly insulated roofs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a prefabricated element used for the production of a so-called "inverted roof” covering for a building.
  • the waterproofing layer was formed over the insulating layer, which exposed it to significant thermal shock and caused its relatively rapid degradation.
  • the layer for sealing against pressurized water and runoff inevitably has a higher resistance to the passage of steam than the other layers.
  • its temperature is below the dew point. For these two reasons the risks of condensation are certain.
  • classic waterproofing is undoubtedly the most vulnerable of the elements making up a traditional roof. Its lifespan is twenty years while that of other layers is at least sixty years. Aging is all the more rapid as the sealing is outside, therefore subjected to ultraviolet radiation, thermal and mechanical shock and that it rests on a thermal insulating support, which subjects it to a thermal cycle.
  • inverted roofing which has been developed in particular thanks to the particular properties of certain synthetic materials, in particular extruded polystyrene foams, has made it possible to remedy most of the drawbacks of traditional flat roofs. Indeed to remedy the risks of condensation, the inverted roof makes it possible to place the waterproofing in an area where the temperature is above the dew point. This solution called “hot sealing” saves the costs of a vapor barrier.
  • the inverted roof also provides a solution to the fragility of the waterproofing layer, the service life of which can be considerably increased, since it is the waterproofing and not the thermal insulation which is protected against external agents. Finally, in inverted roofs, the waterproofing rests on an insulated support, where the movements are small, which eliminates the deterioration of the waterproofing caused by the expansion of the structural layers.
  • US Patent No. 3,892,899 which describes a method of producing a so-called "inverted roof” covering for a building, comprising a structured support, at least one layer of waterproof material disposed on the structure support, at least one layer of insulating material placed on the waterproof material and at least one protective charge placed on the waterproof material and at least one protective charge placed on the insulating material, in which the layer of deposited insulating material is formed on the waterproof layer and the protective filler by means of prefabricated elements comprising a rigid slab made of a material composed of aggregates linked by a binder and a plate of a thermally insulating material, in which the thermally insulating material is made of a material synthetic non hygroscopic.
  • the present invention proposes to overcome all of the aforementioned drawbacks concerning both traditional roofs and inverted roofs.
  • the element and the method according to the invention are characterized in that the plate of a thermally insulating material is integral with the lower surface of the rigid slab.
  • the prefabricated element is described in the claim. Thanks to the prefabricated slabs made integral with the insulation plates, the drawbacks due to the bimetallic strip effect are eliminated.
  • the absence of gravel as a ballast layer considerably reduces the penetration of sand between the joints of the insulating plates and almost completely eliminates the risk of lifting of these plates by sands or gravels entrained by runoff water.
  • the extruded polystyrene foams which degrade under the effect of ultraviolet rays, are effectively protected by the compact ballast tiles effectively covering the entire surface of the insulating layer.
  • the traditional roof generally consists of a structural support 10 consisting of a concrete slab, on which are successively arranged a vapor barrier 11, a layer of insulating material 12, the sealing layer 13 and a filler protective 14. It can be seen that the sealing layer 13 is on the one hand in direct contact with the external ambient medium and with the insulated lower layers, which subjects it to significant thermal shocks which are at the origin of its relatively rapid degradation.
  • the covers which consist, as shown in fig 2, of a structural support 20 consisting of a concrete slab, on which are successively deposited the layer sealing 21, the insulating layer 22 and the protective filler 23 preferably consisting of gravel.
  • the waterproof layer 21 is well protected by the insulating layer 22 which is itself protected, in particular against ultraviolet radiation which degrades the extruded polystyrene, by a relatively large layer of gravel 23.
  • the opening of the seals 24 between the viosine plates may be sufficiently fine to allow the passage of sands or grains of gravel entrained by the runoff of rain water, which ultimately become encrusted between the tight layer 21 and the insulating layer 22.
  • the relative movements of the plates constituting the insulating layer 22 are further amplified by the bimetallic strip effect due to the temperature difference appearing between the two faces of this insulating layer.
  • the inverted roof of fig. 3 again consists of a structural support 30 consisting of a concrete slab on which a waterproof layer 31 is deposited. This layer is then covered with prefabricated elements 32 each comprising a rigid slab 33 made of a material comprising bound aggregates by a hydraulic binder of the cement type, and a plate 34 of an insulating material bonded to the lower surface of the slab 34.
  • the plates 34 are preferably made of extruded polystyrene.
  • the plates 34 have the same shape and the same dimensions as the slabs 33. They are however offset laterally in one or two directions perpendicular to the slabs 33, to allow a partial superposition of the elements 32 placed adjacent.
  • Fig. 4 shows a particular embodiment, in which an inverted roof according to the invention has been put in place over an existing traditional roof.
  • This roof consists of a structural support 40, a vapor barrier 41, an insulating layer 42 and a waterproof layer 43.
  • a protective filler constituted by a layer of gravel which has been removed.
  • prefabricated elements 44 have been put in place as previously constituted by a concrete slab 45 and an extruded polystyrene plate 46.
  • the slabs 45 have, on at least one of their sides, a staircase-shaped rim 47 which corresponds to a complementary groove 48 which cooperates to allow the prefabricated elements to be superimposed during their installation.
  • the insulating plates 46 are offset relative to the tiles 45, so as to constitute an additional baffle in the junction zone of two juxtaposed elements.
  • the existence of these baffles limits the penetration of sand or gravel entrained by the runoff of rainwater, and their deposition between the insulating layer 46 and the sealing layer 45.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a particular embodiment of the prefabricated elements 50, constituted by a slab 51 of rectangular or square shape made of a material comprising aggregates linked by a hydraulic binder of cement type, and a plate 52 of the same shape and the same dimensions, preferably made of extruded polystyrene, and bonded to the base of the slab 51 using an appropriate adhesive.
  • the plate 52 is offset in two directions perpendicular to the slab 50 to allow superimposition of the adjacent elements.
  • the lower surface of the slab 51 preferably comprises a series of longitudinal grooves 53 parallel to each other and oriented along the line of the greatest slope when the elements are in place on the roof of a building. These grooves 53 channel the rainwater, facilitate its rapid evacuation and thereby prevent the floating phenomenon which is likely to occur in the event of rainwater accumulating between the sealing layer and the insulation provided. Above.
  • the plate 52 could of course be replaced by several plates of insulating material superimposed and connected together by gluing.
  • the tiles can be made of an impermeable material or a permeable material.
  • the prior carbonation makes it possible to remove the limestone concretions.
  • pozzolan cement or a mixture of cement.
  • Portland and Trass cement as a binder for aggregates used in the composition of this slab.
  • the load formed by this slab provides effective protection against the effects of ultraviolet rays, against the effects of floating and aspiration due to the infiltration of rainwater between the joints.
  • the grooves 53 intended to channel the runoff water which has entered between the joints may have any shape designed so as to favor the flow of the variable quantity of rainwater which would have entered between the joints of the juxtaposed elements. This structure could be determined from case to case depending on the slopes of the roof. It should be planned in such a way that the water path is as short as possible, that is to say that the grooves follow approximately or form an acute angle with the line of greatest slope of the roof.
  • the insulating plates 52 are preferably fixed to the slabs 51 by a thin intermediate layer 54 ensuring good adhesion between the two extreme elements.
  • This layer may consist of a solvent-free layer capable of attacking and dissolving the insulating material, or an adhesive mortar of the Polyton @ 2470 type, which will preferably have a breaking strength of at least 2 kg / cm 2 . This mortar will also have the property of validly diffusing water vapor.
  • the manufacture of the prefabricated elements 50 can be done in two ways.
  • the slabs 51 are subjected to an accelerated carbonation treatment, the actual slab is first molded and dried, the plate of insulating material being fixed thereafter.
  • the plate 52 can be fixed directly to the outlet of the slab manufacturing machine. In both cases, the slab 51 is placed in such a way that its lower surface faces upwards, the insulating plate 52 is placed appropriately and the assembly is turned over so that the weight of the slab 51 ensures the pressure necessary to obtain good adhesion of the two elements 51 and 52.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another form of the element of FIG. 5.
  • the slab 61 comprises a first series of grooves 62 of square or rectangular profile and a second series of grooves 63, identical or not, arranged perpendicular to the grooves 62.
  • the slab 61 is as previously fixed to the plate 64 at using a layer of glue or adhesive mortar 65.
  • Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 illustrate by way of example four tiles 71, 81, 91 and 101 respectively, the contact surface of which with a plate (not shown) identical to the plates 52 and 64 of the elements shown in Figures 5 and 6, are profiled so as to facilitate the flow of runoff water. Thanks to the symmetry of these profiles, the runoff water does not encounter any obstacle to flow in the direction of the greatest slope of the roof, whatever the direction in which the elements produced using these slabs are placed. .
  • FIG. 11 represents a perspective view of another embodiment of a slab 111.
  • the lower surface of the slab has a symmetrical profile which promotes the flow of runoff water whatever the directions of pose of the element.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an embodiment according to which the tiles 121 have an octagonal shape, and the tiles 122 intended to close the areas not covered by the tiles 121 have a diamond or square shape.
  • the insulating plates 123 can be square in shape and are offset laterally with respect to the tiles. In this way, the slots between slabs and plates are not superimposed and the risks of sand being inserted under the plates are greatly reduced.
  • the slabs do not have a metallic reinforcement.
  • the insulating plates have sufficient crush resistance to support the weight of a vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Vorgefertigtes Element, bestehend aus einer sterren Platte (33, 45), die von einem durch ein Bindemittel gebundene Granulate enthaltenden Baustoff gebildet ist, und wenigstens einer Tafel (34, 46) aus thermisch isolierendem, einen nicht hygroskopischen synthetischen Werkstoff enthaltendem Baustoff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Tafel (34, 36) aus thermisch isolierendem Baustoff an der Unterseite der starren Platte (33, 45) haftet.
2. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platte aus einem wasserdurchlässigen Baustoff hergestellt ist und vor der Fixierung an der isolierenden Tafel einer Bahandlung zur beschleunigten Sättigung mit Kohlensäure unterworfen wurde.
3. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starre Platte (33, 45) aus einem wasserdichten Baustoff hergestellt ist.
4. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der thermisch isolierende Baustoff ein extrudierter synthetischer Werkstoff ist.
5. Element nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der extrudierte synthetische Werkstoff aus extrudiertem Polystyrol besteht.
6. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starre Platte (61) ihre in Kontakt mit der isolierenden Tafel (64) stehende Oberfläche in der Weise strukturiert hat, daß sie den Abfluß des zwischen den Dachelementen versickerten Wassers begünstigt.
7. Element nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die strukturierte Oberfläche der starren Platte (61) wenigstens in der Weise angeordnete Rillen (62, 63) aufweist, daß sie mit der Linie der größten Dachneigung einen Winkel kleiner als 90° bildet.
8. Element nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede isolierende Tafel (62) in bezug auf wenigstens eine der Seiten der starren Platte (61) seitlich versetzt ist, um eine Versetzung der Stoßfugen der Platten und der Tafeln nebeneinander liegender Element zu sichern, die das sogenannte umgekehrte Dach bilden.
9. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Platte armiert ist, um die Bildung befahrbarer Terrassen zu erlauben.
10. Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Form der Platten von jener der Tafeln verschieden und die Zahl der Platten einer bedeckten Oberfläche dieser Elemente verschieden von der Zahl der Tafeln ist.
11. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer "umgekehrtes Dach" genannten Eindeckung für ein Gebäude, bestehend aus einem strukturellen Träger (30, 30), wenigstens einer auf dem strukturellen Träger angeordneten Auflage aus dichtem Material, wenigstens einer auf dem dichten Material vorgesehenen Schicht (34, 46) aus isolierendem Baustoff und wenigstens einem auf diesem isolierenden Baustoff angeordneten Schutzabschluß (33, 45), wobei man die auf der Schicht aus dichtem Material angeordnete Auflage aus isolierendem Baustoff und den Schutzabschluß aus vorgefertigten Elementen (32, 44) herstellt, die aus einer starren, von einem durch ein Bindemittel gebundene Granulate enthaltenen Baustoff gebildeten Platte (33, 45) und einer Tafel (34, 46) aus thermisch isolierendem Baustoff bestehen, der aus einem synthetischen, nicht hygroskopischen Werkstoff hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starren Platten (33, 45) ein sie abdichtendes oder keine Kalziumhydroxyde enthaltendes Bindemittel umfassen.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starren Platten (33, 45) ein sie abdichtendes oder keine Kalziumhydroxyde enthaltendes Bindemittel umfassen.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die die starren Platten (33, 45) unter Verwendung eines Bindemittels vom Zementtyp herstellt und daß man sie einer Bahandlung zur beschleunigten Sättigung mit Kohlensäure unterwirft.
EP82810279A 1982-03-04 1982-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dacheindeckung für ein Gebäude, "umgekehrtes Dach" genannt, und vorgefertigtes Element zur Herstellung einer solchen Eindeckung Expired EP0088198B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82810279T ATE19120T1 (de) 1982-03-04 1982-06-29 Verfahren zur herstellung einer dacheindeckung fuer ein gebaeude, ''umgekehrtes dach'' genannt, und vorgefertigtes element zur herstellung einer solchen eindeckung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH131982A CH646222A5 (fr) 1982-03-04 1982-03-04 Element prefabrique pour la realisation d'une couverture d'immeuble, procede de fabrication d'un tel element et procede de realisation d'une couverture d'immeuble a l'aide de tels elements.
CH1319/82 1982-03-04

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0088198A2 EP0088198A2 (de) 1983-09-14
EP0088198A3 EP0088198A3 (en) 1984-02-08
EP0088198B1 true EP0088198B1 (de) 1986-04-09

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EP82810279A Expired EP0088198B1 (de) 1982-03-04 1982-06-29 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Dacheindeckung für ein Gebäude, "umgekehrtes Dach" genannt, und vorgefertigtes Element zur Herstellung einer solchen Eindeckung

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0088198B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE19120T1 (de)
CH (1) CH646222A5 (de)
DE (1) DE3270387D1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7658050B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2010-02-09 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada Inc. Artificial masonry unit, a masonry wall, a kit and a method for forming a masonry wall
CN102116078A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-07-06 沈阳金铠建筑节能科技有限公司 一种保温防水一体化建筑屋面及其施工方法
US8101113B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2012-01-24 Oldcastle Building Products Canada, Inc. Molding apparatus for producing dry cast products having textured side surfaces

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3444728A1 (de) * 1984-12-07 1986-06-12 Christoph M. 2808 Syke Franke Auf einem dach oder einer wand verlegbare daemmelemente, sowie daraus erstelltes umkehrdach
EP0236585B1 (de) * 1986-03-14 1991-07-03 Anjap N.V. Mehrschichtige Dachabdeckungsplatte bestehend aus einer isolierenden Tragschicht und aus einer begehbaren Abdeckungsschicht und aus solchen mehrschichtigen Platten gebildete Dachabdeckung
EP0469218A1 (de) * 1990-07-30 1992-02-05 Intemper Espanola S.A. Pflasterplatte
GB9217797D0 (en) * 1992-08-21 1992-10-07 Forticrete Ltd Novel building element
AT402083B (de) * 1994-03-08 1997-01-27 Steinbacher Daemmstoff Ges M B Dachplatte
US6205742B1 (en) 1996-09-10 2001-03-27 United States Tile Co. Method and apparatus for manufacturing and installing roof tiles
US6105328A (en) * 1996-09-10 2000-08-22 Boral Industries, Inc. Method and apparatus for manufacturing and installing roof tiles having improved strength and stacking features
US5974756A (en) * 1997-04-15 1999-11-02 Boral Industries, Inc. Roof tile design and construction
US5993551A (en) * 1997-06-02 1999-11-30 Boral Industries, Inc. Roof tile and method and apparatus for providing same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE626977A (de) *
GB1215464A (en) * 1967-05-02 1970-12-09 Miller London Ltd W Improvements in or relating to coatings for roofs
US3892899A (en) * 1973-07-19 1975-07-01 Paul P Klein Roof construction
DE2736992B2 (de) * 1977-08-17 1981-01-29 Friedrich 6702 Bad Duerkheim Heck Flachdachbelag
NL7900821A (nl) * 1979-02-01 1980-08-05 Te Riet Betonwaren Ind B V Werkwijze voor het windveilig afdekken van daken.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7658050B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2010-02-09 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada Inc. Artificial masonry unit, a masonry wall, a kit and a method for forming a masonry wall
US8101113B2 (en) 2005-04-21 2012-01-24 Oldcastle Building Products Canada, Inc. Molding apparatus for producing dry cast products having textured side surfaces
CN102116078A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2011-07-06 沈阳金铠建筑节能科技有限公司 一种保温防水一体化建筑屋面及其施工方法
CN102116078B (zh) * 2011-01-26 2012-12-19 沈阳金铠建筑节能科技有限公司 一种保温防水一体化建筑屋面及其施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3270387D1 (en) 1986-05-15
EP0088198A3 (en) 1984-02-08
CH646222A5 (fr) 1984-11-15
EP0088198A2 (de) 1983-09-14
ATE19120T1 (de) 1986-04-15

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