Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B1/3211—Structures with a vertical rotation axis or the like, e.g. semi-spherical structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B2001/3217—Auxiliary supporting devices used during erection of the arched structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
  • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
  • E04B2001/3294—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures with a faceted surface

Definitions

• This invention relates to a building structure and more particularly to a dome-type building structure made of precast units which are fitted together to form an underground structure.
• a building comprising a plurality of poly ⁇ gonal shaped units each formed with the center raised and with the edges adapted to fit together and form a continuous wall or continuum.
• For fastening the units together there are incorporated certain overlapping plates which can be bolted or welded together once the units are aligned to provide initial support.
• There- after fastening devices may be inserted at the junctures of " the units, which devices contact each unit separately and by the tightening of a bolt extending therethrough, align and hold the units in place.
• the units are grouted together to form a rigid sealed structure. Rods extending between units are positioned in aligned channels in each unit edge to allow grouting between the building units after assembly to form a continuous and well—sealed wall.
• the domed structure may be joined with a half— cylindrical structure to provide an underground building with access from ground level through the half-cylindrical structure.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of a domed module made in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a side view showing the adding of the arch section to the front of the domed module?
• FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the completed underground structure;
• FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show various stages of assembly of the domed module;
• FIG. 4A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the footing structure
• FIG 7 is a side rear view of the dome module;
• FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a joint between building units;
• FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view along the line 9-9 of FIG. 8;
• FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the mold for forming a hexagonal building unit;
• FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view along the line 11-11 of FIG. 10;
• FIGS. 12, 13 and 14 are perspective views of different polygonal shapes for the domed module panels
• FIG. 15 shows the combination arched and domed structure
• FIGS. 16A, 16B, 17A, 17B, 18A, 18B, 19A and 19B show alternative ways of fixing the adjacent build- ing units together.
• FIG. 1 Shown in. FIG. 1 is a domed module 20 made of . a combination of different building units.
• the structure includes a hexagonal building unit 21, a half hexagonal unit 22 having a window 24 therein, and a solid hexag ⁇ onal unit 25.
• a pentagonal unit 26 is used having windows 23 therein and- a hexagonal unit with a door 27 is also shown.
• These polygonal configurations all have edges of equal length and thickness such that they can be joined together to form the total domed module.
• Fibrous reinforced concrete lends itself extremely well as a material for the precast structures.
• the added flexural and tensile capacity of fibrous concrete en ⁇ sures sufficient strength and increases crack control. Also the fibrous concrete stiffness increases the form- ability characteristics which is very helpful when pouring geodesic panels, and especially the arches.
• FIG. 2 is shown the same domed module 20 with the addition of a horizontal arch or half-cylin- drical structure 30.
• the arch structure comprises a
• the domed module illustrated is made of a combination of polygonal forms or building units each of which is individually domed or has a raised center to add to the overall strength of the structure. As shown in FIG. 4, the structure is started by the place- ment of the half hexagonal forms 22 on the foundation 36.
• the foundation is formed in the manner shown in FIG. 4A with an optional groove 36A therein to receive the bottom edges of the building units.
• Grout 36C is. placed around the units after they are positioned an aligned. In this manner the shear forces are provided for and effective sealing is accom ⁇ plished between the foundation and upper structure.
• the concrete floor 36B can be poured any time after the bottom- level units are placed.
• a row of five pentagonal units 25 are set on top of the- half hexagonal units. Thereafter the next layer of five hexagonal units 21 are placed as shown in FIG. 7 and the top is sealed with a pentagonal unit. In this manner the domed module is constructed. Shoring beams are used to sup ⁇ port the first 15 panels. Poles with screen jacks on the bottom are used to support 3 of the 5 last hexagon
• OMPI panels The top pentagonal panel needed no additional support and was inserted third from last.
• the building units are fabricated on a form 40 shown in FIG. 10.
• the form is illus- trated for the formation of a hexagonal building unit.
• a base 41 is utilized having a convex or raised upper surface config ⁇ uration corresponding to that desired for the building unit.
• a frame 42 which forms the outer periphery or edge of the building unit.
• the frame has a height equal to the desired thickness of the building panel.
• a screed pin 44 which projects vertically from the base a distance at least equal to the desired thickness of the unit.
• a screed board is placed on this pin and moved around on the top surface of the frame 42 to level the cement.
• a blockout 43 for this embodiment serves to form the recesses 48 and.51 in the edge of the unit, the purpose of which will be explained later.
• bolt ties 45 Positioned at the edges of each building unit and embedded within the unit in this embodiment are bolt ties 45 (FIGS. 8, 16A and 16B) which extend past the edge 46 of each unit in alignment with the bolt tie of the adjacent unit. These ties serve two purposes, the first being a guide for aligning the units with each other and the second being to hold the units together to allow for grouting and sealing therebetween. These ties include a hole 47 for receiving a bolt 47A to hold the unit together after the unit is placed on the supporting unit to maintain the unit in position until final securing and sealing with grout.
• OMPI 48 which extend normal to the edge of the unit. In the instance shown in FIG. 8, there are nine such recesses on each unit edge. To reinforce these recesses, a rebar 49 extends thereacross the length of the side of the unit. This rebar is positioned above the bottom of the recesses 48 so as to be exposed where it crosses a recess. To provide added strength at the joint, a tie bar 50 (FIG. 9) can be overlapped with the rods 49. Thereafter grouting is placed in the recesses 48 and the joint recess 51. This grout can be mortar or if desired, epoxy can be used to provide additional strength.
• FIGS. 17A through 19B Other methods of attaching adjacent polygonal units together are shown in FIGS. 17A through 19B.
• FIGS. 17A and 17B there is shown one method wherein the polygonal units 64 are formed with a recess 65 extending around the edge. On each corner of the extending ledge 66 is positioned a curved channel 67 having welded or otherwise fixed thereto a pair of rebar supports 68 extending into the unit.
• the channels are recessed even with the edge 69 of the unit so as to butt against the channel of the abutting unit.
• the abutting channels can be welded together to maintain the units in alignment.
• grout 70 is placed in the recess 65 to seal the joint between units.
• FIGS. 18A and 18B A method of joining the corners of adjacent units is shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B.
• the channels 67 are cast in the same manner as shown in
• FIG. 17A After the units are placed together there remains a void 70 at the juncture of the three units 64. A bolt 71 (FIG. 18B) is placed through this void with a washer 72 and nut 74 threaded therein. Tighten- ing of the nut closely aligns the adjacent units and tends to hold them together, however if desired, the channels can be welded for added strength.
• FIGS. 19A and 19B is shown yet another embodiment of the invention in which the channels 67 are formed in the polygonal units 64 in the same manner as in FIGS. 17A and 18A.
• this embodiment there is inserted the bolt 71 through the void 70 with a cap placed thereover to be clamped in place by the nut 74.
• This cap has the legs 76 extending past the channels 67 to serve to withstand both shear and tensile forces.
• welding of the channels may be dispersed with,yet there is applied to all adjacent units a force tending to both align and hold together the units.
• These channels are supported in the forms prior to pouring- the cement.
• the structure is partic ⁇ ularly adapted for use as an underground structure, with a maximum of four feet of earth over the peak of - the structure for insulation. In this manner moderation against excessive heat loss or gain is provided.
• Another plastic or insulation covering 56 may be placed in the fill dirt to minimize the seepage of ground water down to the structure.
• the arch structure 30 is shown in FIG. 3 as providing an exposed side of the domed structure for windows and access. However, by extending this arch in the manner shown in FIG. 15, the living area and a garage for automobiles is provided for.
• the arch structure and the domed structure are compatible for an underground installation since both are efficient in
• the arch structure can also be used to join two domed structures.
• the domed structure 20 is assembled in the manner previously described.
• the haIf-cylindrical culvert 30A is extended from the side of the domed structure.
• Access doors 57 and 58 connect the upper and lower levels of both structures.
• the lower level of the culvert forms a garage 59 accessible through a door 60.
• the upper level extends the living area of the domed structure.
• the earth fill 61 extends over all the structures except the open end 62 or 30 (FIG. 3) or both through which access. is gained from ground level.
• the structure preferably is incorporated into a hillside to provide level access to the outside.
• the use of the combination of the domed and arched structures provides versatility in theOver- all shape of the underground structure.
• the particular modular units described allow off-site fabrication or mass production..
• the units are protected against damage by incorporation of the channels 67 to both reinforce the.corners and serve as a stabilizing structure during assembly.
• unskilled labor can be utilized during assembly of the units and alignment assured.
• the grouting of the units serves both to seal between units and to strengthen the over ⁇ all structure.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=22161421

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Family Cites Families (15)

• 1981
  • 1981-09-11 EP EP19810902787 patent/EP0088079A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1981-09-11 WO PCT/US1981/001225 patent/WO1983000893A1/en unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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