EP0080590A2 - Wear-resistant cast iron containing spheroidal graphite, and process for its manufacture - Google Patents

Wear-resistant cast iron containing spheroidal graphite, and process for its manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0080590A2
EP0080590A2 EP82109487A EP82109487A EP0080590A2 EP 0080590 A2 EP0080590 A2 EP 0080590A2 EP 82109487 A EP82109487 A EP 82109487A EP 82109487 A EP82109487 A EP 82109487A EP 0080590 A2 EP0080590 A2 EP 0080590A2
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Prior art keywords
cast iron
iron alloy
wear
max
magnesium
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0080590A3 (en
EP0080590B1 (en
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Hans Jochem Dr. Neuhäuser
Hans-Jürgen Veutgen
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Goetze GmbH
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Goetze GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel

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  • the invention relates to a wear-resistant cast iron alloy of high strength with spherulitic graphite precipitation for the production of machine parts subject to wear, such as piston rings of internal combustion engines, in particular small piston rings with a small radial and / or axial wall thickness, and their manufacturing process.
  • Cast iron alloys for the production of mechanically highly stressed machine parts are special alloys which, in addition to good running and wear properties, good elastic behavior, should also have higher strength properties.
  • Small piston rings in particular, with small diameters of up to 60 mm for example have a lower absolute strength due to small axial wall thicknesses of usually only 1 - 2 mm, and ring fractures occur more frequently, even if they are made from cast iron alloys that are otherwise customary for piston rings with larger diameters are. Special cast iron alloys with higher strength values must therefore be used for such small piston rings.
  • such cast iron alloys contain up to mostly 1.0% chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and copper.
  • the piston rings are cast in a solidifying manner, ledeburitic, and the desired graphite precipitate and the desired structure are obtained by subsequent annealing, quenching and Receive compensation.
  • the tempered carbon obtained during graphitization annealing is produced in spherulitic form, and the rings' strength is increased considerably as a result.
  • the running and wear properties of piston rings made of these alloys are not sufficient, so that the running surfaces of the rings must also be provided with wear protection layers.
  • such cast iron alloys are additionally alloyed with 4.5 to 5.5 percent by weight copper. Copper is then present at these levels in the form of inclusions, which take on the role of more compact graphite precipitates. From these alloys. Cast piston rings can therefore also be used without wear protection layers. However, these special alloys are only suitable for large piston rings in diesel engines, and the strength properties for small piston rings are not sufficient.
  • a cast iron alloy for piston rings with normal spheroidal graphite precipitation which is achieved by special treatment measures, is known which, as alloying elements, contains 1.5 to 4.5% silicon to 3% manganese, up to 3.5% vanadium and to 2 , 5% molybdenum, also up to 2.5% tungsten, up to 1% titanium, up to 2% copper, up to 1% nickel or cobalt and up to 2.5% niobium and / or tantalum.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a cast iron alloy with both good wear resistance and good elasticity and high strength, so that it can be used for highly stressed machine parts.
  • the cast iron alloy should above all be used for the manufacture of shatterproof small piston rings without special wear protection of the running surfaces and flank surfaces.
  • Remainder iron including manufacturing-related impurities.
  • the cast iron alloy can contain up to 1.5% aluminum and / or up to 1.0% tin and / or antimony and optionally up to 0.5% the elements boron, zirconium and / or bismuth, especially to increase wear resistance.
  • the structure now appears as a remuneration structure with high martensite proportions.
  • the graphite is fine-grained and spherulitic, and the spherulite number is between 300,000 and 900,000 per cm 2 .
  • very fine graphite spherulites seem to have formed during solidification, but these are not visible, so he knows the cast iron appears staring.
  • these fine precipitates serve as nuclei for the spherulites that form in extremely high numbers, which is 5 to 10 times higher than that of normal spheroidal graphite cast iron alloys.
  • the phosphor phases are not connected in a grid-like manner, but are distributed in a point-like manner in the matrix.
  • Small piston rings with outer diameters of approximately 60 mm, radial wall thicknesses of 50 mm and axial ring heights of 1.5 mm were cast from the alloy according to the invention, thermally treated and machined to usable piston rings.
  • the rings were subjected to engine test runs without prior wear-resistant tread coating. They showed both good wear resistance and good strength, and no rings had broken due to ring breakage or wear damage after running.
  • a cast iron alloy with high wear resistance and high breaking strength has thus been created by the invention.
  • the balanced composition of the alloying elements ensures good sliding and running properties, even though the graphite is extremely fine-grained.
  • the extremely fine distribution of the spherulites in turn improves the strength and elongation properties of the workpieces.
  • the alloy according to the invention is preferably to be used for the production of small piston rings with a small radial wall thickness, it can also be used for similarly stressed and / or dimensioned machine parts. This can also be sealing strips for rotary piston engines or extremely thin-walled and / or extremely loaded agents - and big piston rings.
  • 35 small piston rings with a blank dimension of 55.6 mm outer diameter, 48.6 mm radial wall thickness and 5.2 mm axial pin g height were cast from the melt under ledeburitic white solidification.
  • the rings were then annealed at 950 ° C for 15 minutes, quenched from 1,020 ° C and annealed at 450 ° C.
  • the micrograph 1 shows 100 times Enlargement of graphite excretion in a very fine spherulitic form with a number of spherulites of around 600,000 per square centimeter.
  • Cross section 2 shows the remuneration structure with predominantly martensitic components.
  • the hardness of the rings is 109 to 115 HRB.
  • the rings were then machined to a finished size of 52 x 48 x 1.5 mm.
  • the mean values are

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Eine verschleißfeste Gußeisenlegierung mit gleichzeitig hoher Festigkeit für die Herstellung verschleißfester Maschinenteile, wie insbesondere Kleinkolbenringe für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, mit geringer radialer Wanddicke und ohne Verschleißschutzschicht der Lauffläche besitzt ein Vergütungsgefüge mit mit eingelagerten und durch Zerfall von Ledeburit in sehr feiner Form gebildeten Graphitsphärolithen in einer Zahl von 300.000 bis 900.000/cm² und besteht aus 1,5-3,0 % Kohlenstoff, 3.0-6,0 % Silizium, 0.1-2,0 % Mangan, 0,05-0.5 % Phosphor, bis max. 0,15 % Schwefel, 0,1-1,0 % Chrom, 0-3,5 % Vanadin, 0,1-2,5 % Molybdän, 0,1-3,0 % Nickel und/oder Kobalt, 0,1-3,5 % Kupfer, 0,1-2,5 % Wolfram, 0,1-1,0 % Titan, Niob und/oder Tantal, bis max, 0,15 % Magnesium, bis max. 0,15 % Stickstoff sowie gegebenenfalls bis zu 1,5 % Aluminium, bis zu 1 % Zinn oder Antimon und bis zu 0,5 % Bor, Zirkon und/oder Wismuth, Rest Eisen mit herstellungsbedingten Verunreinigungen. Zur Herstellung wird die Gußeisenschmelze mit nur 0,1-1 % Ferrosolizium mit insgesamt 0,5-2,0 % Magnesium und/oder seltene Erde so geimpft, daß die Schmelze weißerscheinend erstarrt. Die dabei lichtmikroskopisch nicht mehr nachweisbaren entstandenen Graphitausscheidungen bilden beim anschließenden Graphitisierungsglühen, Abschrecken und Anlassen die Keime der sichtbaren und in hoher Zahl vorliegenden sehr feinen Graphitsphärolithen.A wear-resistant cast iron alloy with high strength for the production of wear-resistant machine parts, such as small piston rings for internal combustion engines, with a small radial wall thickness and without a wear-resistant layer on the tread, has a tempering structure with graphite spherulites in a number of 300,000 that have been embedded and formed by the decay of Ledeburit in a very fine form up to 900,000 / cm² and consists of 1.5-3.0% carbon, 3.0-6.0% silicon, 0.1-2.0% manganese, 0.05-0.5% phosphorus, up to max. 0.15% sulfur, 0.1-1.0% chromium, 0-3.5% vanadium, 0.1-2.5% molybdenum, 0.1-3.0% nickel and / or cobalt, 0, 1-3.5% copper, 0.1-2.5% tungsten, 0.1-1.0% titanium, niobium and / or tantalum, up to max. 0.15% magnesium, up to max. 0.15% nitrogen and optionally up to 1.5% aluminum, up to 1% tin or antimony and up to 0.5% boron, zirconium and / or bismuth, the rest iron with production-related impurities. For the production, the cast iron melt is inoculated with only 0.1-1% ferrosilicon with a total of 0.5-2.0% magnesium and / or rare earth so that the melt solidifies with a white appearance. The resulting graphite precipitates, which are no longer detectable by light microscopy, form the seeds of the visible and very large number of very fine graphite spherulites during the subsequent graphitization annealing, quenching and tempering.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine verschleißfeste Gußeisenlegierung hoher Festigkeit mit sphärolithischer Graphitausscheidung für die Herstellung von auf Verschleiß beanspruchten Maschinenteilen, wie Kolbenringe von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, und zwar insbesondere von Kleinkolbenringen mit geringer radialer und / oder axialer Wanddicke und ihr Herstellungsverfahren.The invention relates to a wear-resistant cast iron alloy of high strength with spherulitic graphite precipitation for the production of machine parts subject to wear, such as piston rings of internal combustion engines, in particular small piston rings with a small radial and / or axial wall thickness, and their manufacturing process.

Gußeisenlegierungen zur Herstellung mechanisch hoch beanspruchter Maschinenteile, wie Kolbenringe von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, sind Speziallegierungen, die neben guten Lauf - und Verschleißeigenschaften, einem guten elastischen Verhalten zusätzlich auch höhere Festigkeitseigenschaften besitzen sollen. Insbesondere Kleinkolbenringe mit kleinen Durchmessern von beispielsweise bis zu 60 mm haben aufgrund von geringen axialen Wandstärken von meist nur 1 - 2 mm eine geringere absolute Festigkeit, und es kommt bei ihnen häufiger zu Ringbrüchen, auch wenn sie aus sonst für Kolbenringe größerer Durchmesser üblichen Gußeisenlegierungen hergestellt sind. Für solche Kleinkolbenringe müssen daher spezielle Gußeisenlegierungen mit höheren Festigkeitswerten eingesetzt werden.Cast iron alloys for the production of mechanically highly stressed machine parts, such as piston rings of internal combustion engines, are special alloys which, in addition to good running and wear properties, good elastic behavior, should also have higher strength properties. Small piston rings in particular, with small diameters of up to 60 mm for example, have a lower absolute strength due to small axial wall thicknesses of usually only 1 - 2 mm, and ring fractures occur more frequently, even if they are made from cast iron alloys that are otherwise customary for piston rings with larger diameters are. Special cast iron alloys with higher strength values must therefore be used for such small piston rings.

Nach C. Englisch, Kolbenringe, Band 1, Springer Verlag, Wien, 1958, Seiten 204 und 245, besitzen solche Gußeisenlegierungen bis zu meist je 1,0 % Chrom, Molybdän, Vanadin und Kupfer. Die Kolbenringe werden ledeburitisch weiß erstarrend gegossen, und die gewünschte Graphitausscheidung und das gewünschte Gefüge werden durch anschließendes Glühen, Abschrecken und Vergüten erhalten. Die beim Graphitisierungsglühen erhaltene Temperkohle fällt dabei in sphärolithischer Form an, und dadurch bedingt wird die Festigkeit der Ringe wesentlich gesteigert. Offensichtlich aber durch die Graphitausscheidung bedingt, sind die Lauf - und Verschleißeigenschaften von Kolbenringen aus diesen Legierungen nicht ausreichend, so daß die Laufflächen der Ringe zusätzlich mit Verschleißschutzschichten versehen werden müssen.According to C. Englisch, Kolbenringe, Volume 1, Springer Verlag, Vienna, 1958, pages 204 and 245, such cast iron alloys contain up to mostly 1.0% chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and copper. The piston rings are cast in a solidifying manner, ledeburitic, and the desired graphite precipitate and the desired structure are obtained by subsequent annealing, quenching and Receive compensation. The tempered carbon obtained during graphitization annealing is produced in spherulitic form, and the rings' strength is increased considerably as a result. Obviously, however, due to the graphite precipitation, the running and wear properties of piston rings made of these alloys are not sufficient, so that the running surfaces of the rings must also be provided with wear protection layers.

Nach der DE - AS 1.172.049 werden derartige Gußeisenlegierungen zusätzlich mit 4,5 bis 5,5 Gewichtsprozent Kupfer legiert. Kupfer liegt dann bei diesen Gehalten in der Form von Einschlüssen vor, die die Rolle von kompakteren Graphitausscheidungen übernehmen. Aus diesen Legierungen. gegossene Kolbenringe können daher auch ohne Verschleißschutzschichten eingesetzt werden. Diese Speziallegierungen eignen sich aber nur für Großkolbenringe von Dieselmotoren, und die Festigkeitseigenschaften für Kleinkolbenringe sind nicht ausreichend.According to DE-AS 1.172.049, such cast iron alloys are additionally alloyed with 4.5 to 5.5 percent by weight copper. Copper is then present at these levels in the form of inclusions, which take on the role of more compact graphite precipitates. From these alloys. Cast piston rings can therefore also be used without wear protection layers. However, these special alloys are only suitable for large piston rings in diesel engines, and the strength properties for small piston rings are not sufficient.

Nach der DE - OS 2.428.822 ist eine Gußeisenlegierung für Kolbenringe mit normaler und durch besondere Behandlungsmaßnahmen erzielter Kugelgraphitausscheidung bekannt, die als Legierungselemente außer 1,5 bis 4,5 % Silizium bis 3 % Mangan, bis 3,5 % Vanadin und bis 2,5 % Molybdän, auch bis zu 2,5 % Wolfram, bis zu 1 % Titan, bis zu 2 % Kupfer, bis zu 1 % Nickel oder Kobalt und bis zu 2,5 % Niob und / oder Tantal enthalten kann. Diese Legierungen erwiesen sich, insbesondere auch wegen der ausgewogenen Zusammensetzung der Legierungselemente, als ausreichend verschleißfest, der relativ kompakt vorliegende Kugelgraphit wiederum beeinflusste die Festigkeit jedoch derart nachteilig, daß diese Legierungen zur Herstellung von insbesondere Kleinkolbenringen mit geringen axialen Höhen nicht ausreichend bruchsicher waren.According to DE - OS 2,428,822, a cast iron alloy for piston rings with normal spheroidal graphite precipitation, which is achieved by special treatment measures, is known which, as alloying elements, contains 1.5 to 4.5% silicon to 3% manganese, up to 3.5% vanadium and to 2 , 5% molybdenum, also up to 2.5% tungsten, up to 1% titanium, up to 2% copper, up to 1% nickel or cobalt and up to 2.5% niobium and / or tantalum. These alloys proved to be sufficiently wear-resistant, in particular also because of the balanced composition of the alloy elements, but the relatively compact spheroidal graphite in turn influenced the strength in such a way that it adversely affected them Alloys for the production of small piston rings in particular with low axial heights were not sufficiently unbreakable.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Gußeisenlegierung mit sowohl einer guten Verschleißfestigkeit als auch einer guten Elastizität und einer hohen Festigkeit zu schaffen, so daß sie für hoch belastete Maschinenteile eingesetzt werden kann. Die Gußeisenlegierung soll vor allem zur Herstellung bruchsicherer Kleinkolbenringe ohne besonderen Verschleißschutz der Laufflächen und Flankenflächen verwendet werden können.The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a cast iron alloy with both good wear resistance and good elasticity and high strength, so that it can be used for highly stressed machine parts. The cast iron alloy should above all be used for the manufacture of shatterproof small piston rings without special wear protection of the running surfaces and flank surfaces.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Gußeisenlegierung gelöst, deren Graphitausscheidungen durch einen Glühprozeß durch Zerfall von Ledeburit in extrem feiner Form mit hoher Sphärolitzahl ( etwa 300.000 bis 900.000 Sphärolithen pro cm2 in einer Schliffbildprobe ) gebildet sind. Die Legierung hat die folgende Zusammensetzung:

  • 1,5 bis 3,0 % Kohlenstoff
  • 3,0 bis 6,0 % Silizium
  • 0,1 bis 2,0 % Mangan
  • 0,05 bis 0,5 % Phosphor
  • bis max. 0,15 % Schwefel
  • 0,1 bis 1,0 % Chrom
  • 0 bis 3,5 % Vanadin
  • 0,1 bis 2,5 % Molybdän
  • 0,1 bis 2,5 % Nickel und / oder Kobalt
  • 0,1 bis 3,5 % Kupfer
  • 0,1 bis 2,5 % Wolfram
  • 0,1 bis 1,0 % Titan, Niob und / oder Tantal
  • bis max. 0,15 % Magnesium
  • bis max. 0,15 % Stickstoff
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a cast iron alloy, the graphite precipitates of which are formed by an annealing process through the decomposition of ledeburite in an extremely fine form with a high number of spherolites (approximately 300,000 to 900,000 spherulites per cm 2 in a micrograph sample). The alloy has the following composition:
  • 1.5 to 3.0% carbon
  • 3.0 to 6.0% silicon
  • 0.1 to 2.0% manganese
  • 0.05 to 0.5% phosphorus
  • up to max. 0.15% sulfur
  • 0.1 to 1.0% chromium
  • 0 to 3.5% vanadium
  • 0.1 to 2.5% molybdenum
  • 0.1 to 2.5% nickel and / or cobalt
  • 0.1 to 3.5% copper
  • 0.1 to 2.5% tungsten
  • 0.1 to 1.0% titanium, niobium and / or tantalum
  • up to max. 0.15% magnesium
  • up to max. 0.15% nitrogen

Rest Eisen einschließlich herstellungsbedingter Verunreinigungen.Remainder iron including manufacturing-related impurities.

Vor allem zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit kann die Gußeisenlegierung noch bis zu 1,5 % Aluminium und / oder bis zu 1,0 % Zinn und / oder Antimon sowie gegebenenfalls bis zu 0,5 % die Elemente Bor, Zirkon und / oder Wismuth enthalten.The cast iron alloy can contain up to 1.5% aluminum and / or up to 1.0% tin and / or antimony and optionally up to 0.5% the elements boron, zirconium and / or bismuth, especially to increase wear resistance.

Bei der Herstellung verzichtet man bewußt auf eines der zur Kugelgraphitbildung üblicherweise angewendeten Verfahren und impft lediglich die Gußeisenschmelze mit handelsüblichem Ferrosolizium, welches bis zu 0,5 bis 2,0 % Magnesium enthält. Gegebenenfalls ist das Magnesium ganz oder teilweise durch die seltenen Erdmetalle wie Cer, Yttrium, Lanthan, Neodym und / oder Praseodym ersetzt. Es wird mit einer Impfmittelmenge von nur 0,1 bis 1,0 %, geimpft, so daß die Gußeisenlegierung weiß und ledeburitisch erstarrt. Anschliessend erfolgt das Graphitisierungsglühen von bevorzugt 15 Minuten oberhalb 950°C, die Abschreckvergütung auf die gewünschte Härte oberhalb 700°C und das Anlassen oberhalb 300°C.During production, one deliberately dispenses with one of the methods usually used for spheroidal graphite formation and only inoculates the cast iron melt with commercially available ferrosilicon, which contains up to 0.5 to 2.0% magnesium. If necessary, all or part of the magnesium is replaced by the rare earth metals such as cerium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium and / or praseodymium. It is inoculated with an inoculant amount of only 0.1 to 1.0%, so that the cast iron alloy solidifies white and ledeburitic. The graphitization annealing is then carried out, preferably for 15 minutes above 950 ° C., the quenching and tempering to the desired hardness above 700 ° C. and the tempering above 300 ° C.

Im Schliffbild erscheint das Gefüge jetzt als Vergütungsgefüge mit hohen Martensitanteilen. Der Graphit ist feinkörnig und sphärolithisch, und die Sphärolithenzahl liegt zwischen 300.000 und 900.000 pro cm2. Beim Impfen mit dem geringen magnesiumhaltigen Ferrosilizium scheinen sich beim Erstarren schon sehr feine Graphitsphärolithen gebildet zu haben, die jedoch nicht sichtbar sind, so daß das Gußeisen weiß erstarrend erscheint. Beim Glühprozeß dienen diese feinen Ausscheidungen als Keime für die in extrem hoher Zahl sich bildenden Sphärolithen.Die Sphärolithenzahl ist somit 5 - 10fach höher als bei normalen kugelgraphitischen Gußeisenlegierungen. Die Phosphorphasen sind nicht netzförmig zusammenhängend, sondern sind punktförmig in der Matrix verteilt.In the micrograph, the structure now appears as a remuneration structure with high martensite proportions. The graphite is fine-grained and spherulitic, and the spherulite number is between 300,000 and 900,000 per cm 2 . When inoculated with the low magnesium-containing ferrosilicon, very fine graphite spherulites seem to have formed during solidification, but these are not visible, so he knows the cast iron appears staring. During the annealing process, these fine precipitates serve as nuclei for the spherulites that form in extremely high numbers, which is 5 to 10 times higher than that of normal spheroidal graphite cast iron alloys. The phosphor phases are not connected in a grid-like manner, but are distributed in a point-like manner in the matrix.

Aus der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung wurden Kleinkolbenringe mit Außendurchmessern von etwa 60 mm, radialen Wanddicken von 50 mm und axialen Ringhöhen von 1,5 mm gegossen, thermisch behandelt und zu einsatzfähigen Kolbenringen bearbeitet. Die Ringe wurden Motortestläufen ohne vorherige verschleißfeste Laufflächenbeschichtung unterzogen. Sie zeigten sowohl eine gute Verschleißfestigkeit als auch eine gute Festigkeit, und es waren nach dem Laufen keine Ringe durch Ringbruch oder durch Verschleißschäden ausgefallen.Small piston rings with outer diameters of approximately 60 mm, radial wall thicknesses of 50 mm and axial ring heights of 1.5 mm were cast from the alloy according to the invention, thermally treated and machined to usable piston rings. The rings were subjected to engine test runs without prior wear-resistant tread coating. They showed both good wear resistance and good strength, and no rings had broken due to ring breakage or wear damage after running.

Durch die Erfindung ist somit eine Gußeisenlegierung mit hoher Verschleißfestigkeit als auch hoher Bruchfestigkeit geschaffen worden. In der Legierung sorgt einmal die ausgewogene Zusammensetzung der Legierungselemente für die guten Gleit - und Laufeigenschaften, obwohl der Graphit extrem feinkörnig vorliegt. Die extrem feine Verteilung der Sphärolithen verbessert ihrerseits wiederum die Festigkeits - und Dehnungseigenschaften der Werkstücke.A cast iron alloy with high wear resistance and high breaking strength has thus been created by the invention. In the alloy, the balanced composition of the alloying elements ensures good sliding and running properties, even though the graphite is extremely fine-grained. The extremely fine distribution of the spherulites in turn improves the strength and elongation properties of the workpieces.

Obwohl die erfindungsgemäße Legierung bevorzugt zur Herstellung von Kleinkolbenringen mit geringer radialer Wanddicke verwendet werden soll, kann sie genauso für ähnlich beanspruchte.und / oder dimensionierte Maschinenteile verwendet werden. Dies können auch Dichtleisten für Kreiskolbenmotoren oder extrem dünnwandige und / oder extrem belastete Mittel - und Großkolbenringe sein.Although the alloy according to the invention is preferably to be used for the production of small piston rings with a small radial wall thickness, it can also be used for similarly stressed and / or dimensioned machine parts. This can also be sealing strips for rotary piston engines or extremely thin-walled and / or extremely loaded agents - and big piston rings.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles und der Abbildungen wird die Erfindung näher erläutert:The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment and the figures:

Ausgegangen wird von einer Gußeisenschmelze, die nach dem Impfen mit 0,6 % magnesiumhaltigem Ferrosilizium ( 47 % Silizium, 5,9 % Calzium, 1,1 % Magnesium, 0,6 % Aluminium, Rest Eisen ) die folgende Zusammensetzung zeigte:

  • 2,68 % Kohlenstoff
  • 4,48 % Silizium
  • 1,02 % Mangan
  • 0,31 % Phosphor
  • 0,041 % Schwefel
  • 0,47 % Chrom
  • 0,25 % Vanadin
  • 0,47 % Molybdän
  • 0,30 % Nickel
  • 0,41 % Kupfer
  • 0,17 % Titan
  • 0,11 % Niob
  • 0,006 % Stickstoff

Rest Eisen mit herstellungsbedingten Verunreinigungen.A cast iron melt is assumed which, after inoculation with 0.6% ferrosilicon containing magnesium (47% silicon, 5.9% calcium, 1.1% magnesium, 0.6% aluminum, remainder iron), had the following composition:
  • 2.68% carbon
  • 4.48% silicon
  • 1.02% manganese
  • 0.31% phosphorus
  • 0.041% sulfur
  • 0.47% chromium
  • 0.25% vanadium
  • 0.47% molybdenum
  • 0.30% nickel
  • 0.41% copper
  • 0.17% titanium
  • 0.11% niobium
  • 0.006% nitrogen

Remainder iron with production-related impurities.

Aus der Schmelze wurden 35 Kleinkolbenringe mit einer Rohlingsabmessung von 55,6 mm Außendurchmesser, 48,6 mm radialer Wanddicke und 5,2 mm axialer Pinghöhe unter ledeburitischer Weißerstarrung gegossen. Die Ringe wurden anschließend bei 950°C über 15 Minuten geglüht, aus 1.020°C abgeschreckt und bei 450°C angelassen. Das Schliffbild 1 zeigt in 100facher Vergrößerung die Graphitausscheidung in sehr feiner sphärolitischer Form mit einer Sphärolithenzahl von etwa 600.000 pro Quadratzentimeter. Schliffbild 2 zeigt das VergUtungsgefüge mit überwiegend martensitischen Anteilen. Die Härte der Ringe liegt bei 109 bis 115 HRB.35 small piston rings with a blank dimension of 55.6 mm outer diameter, 48.6 mm radial wall thickness and 5.2 mm axial pin g height were cast from the melt under ledeburitic white solidification. The rings were then annealed at 950 ° C for 15 minutes, quenched from 1,020 ° C and annealed at 450 ° C. The micrograph 1 shows 100 times Enlargement of graphite excretion in a very fine spherulitic form with a number of spherulites of around 600,000 per square centimeter. Cross section 2 shows the remuneration structure with predominantly martensitic components. The hardness of the rings is 109 to 115 HRB.

Die Ringe wurden dann auf ein Fertigmaß von 52 x 48 x 1,5 mm spanabhebend bearbeitet. Die mittleren Werte sind

Figure imgb0001
The rings were then machined to a finished size of 52 x 48 x 1.5 mm. The mean values are
Figure imgb0001

Anschließend wurden 5 Ringe in einem Versuchsmotor als oberste Ringe des Kolbens über 240 Stunden getestet. Nach dem Probelauf waren weder Ringe gebrochen, noch zeigten die Laufflächen größere Verschleißspuren.Then 5 rings were tested in a test engine as the top rings of the piston over 240 hours. After the test run, no rings were broken, and the running surfaces showed no signs of wear.

Claims (6)

1 . Verschleißfeste Gußeisenlegierung hoher Festigkeit mit sphärolithischer Graphitausscheidung für die Herstellung von auf Verschleiß beanspruchten Maschinenteilen, wie Kolbenringe von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen, und zwar insbesondere von Kleinkolbenringen mit geringer radialer und / oder axialer Wanddicke, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gußeisenlegierung ein Vergütungsgefüge besitzt, in dem der Graphit durch einen Glühprozeß durch Zerfall von Ledeburit gebildet ist und in extrem feiner Form mit hoher Sphärolithenzahl von etwa 300.000 bis 900.000/cm2 vorliegt, und daß die Gußeisenlegierung 1,5 bis 3,0 % Kohlenstoff 3,0 bis 6,0 % Silizium 0,1 bis 2,0 % Mangan 0,05 bis 0,5 % Phosphor bis max. 0,15 % Schwefel 0,1 bis 1,0 % Chrom 0 bis 3,5 % Vanadin 0,1 bis 2,5 % Molybdän 0,1 bis 3,0 % Nickel und / oder Kobalt 0,1 bis 3,5 % Kupfer 0,1 bis 2,5 % Wolfram 0,1 bis 1,0 % Titan, Niob und / oder Tantal bis max. 0,15 % Magnesium bis max. 0,15 % Stickstoff
Rest Eisen mit herstellungsbedingten Verunreinigungen enthält.1 . Wear-resistant cast iron alloy of high strength with spherulitic graphite precipitation for the production of machine parts that are subject to wear, such as piston rings of internal combustion engines, in particular small piston rings with a small radial and / or axial wall thickness, characterized in that the cast iron alloy has a tempering structure in which the graphite passes through an annealing process is formed by the decomposition of ledeburite and is in extremely fine form with a high number of spherulites of about 300,000 to 900,000 / cm 2 , and that the cast iron alloy 1.5 to 3.0% carbon 3.0 to 6.0% silicon 0.1 to 2.0% manganese 0.05 to 0.5% phosphorus up to max. 0.15% sulfur 0.1 to 1.0% chromium 0 to 3.5% vanadium 0.1 to 2.5% molybdenum 0.1 to 3.0% nickel and / or cobalt 0.1 to 3.5% copper 0.1 to 2.5% tungsten 0.1 to 1.0% titanium, niobium and / or tantalum up to max. 0.15% magnesium up to max. 0.15% nitrogen
Remainder contains iron with production-related impurities. 2 . Gußeisenlegierung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gußeisenlegierung zusätzlich Aluminium in Mengen von bis zu maximal 1,5 % enthält.2nd Cast iron alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the cast iron alloy additionally contains aluminum in amounts of up to a maximum of 1.5%. 3 . Gußeisenlegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gußeisenlegierung zusätzlich Zinn und / oder Antimon in einer Gesamtmenge von bis zu maximal 1 % enthält.3rd Cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cast iron alloy additionally contains tin and / or antimony in a total amount of up to a maximum of 1%. 4 . Gußeisenlegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gußeisenlegierung zusätzlich die Elemente Bor, Zirkon und / oder Wismuth in einer Gesamtmenge von maximal 0,5 % enthält.4th Cast iron alloy according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cast iron alloy additionally contains the elements boron, zirconium and / or bismuth in a total amount of at most 0.5%. 5 . Verfahren zur Herstellung der Gußstücke aus der Gußeisenlegierung nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gußeisenschmelze mit 0,1 bis 1,0 % Ferrosilizium, welches 0,5 bis 2,0 % Magnesium enthält, geimpft wird, daß die Gußeisenschmelze ledeburitisch erstarrend gegossen wird, und daß die Gußstücke einem anschließenden Graphitierungsglühen mit nachfolgendem Abschrecken oberhalb 700°C und Anlassen oberhalb 300°C unterzogen wird.5. Process for producing the cast iron alloy castings according to at least one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the cast iron melt is inoculated with 0.1 to 1.0% ferrosilicon containing 0.5 to 2.0% magnesium, in that the cast iron melt is cast solidifying ledeburitically, and that the castings are subjected to a subsequent graphitization annealing with subsequent quenching above 700 ° C. and tempering above 300 ° C. 6 . Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Impfmittel das Magnesium ganz oder teilweise durch mindestens eines der seltenen Erdmetallelemente wie Cer, Yttrium, Lanthan, Neodym und / oder Praseodym ersetzt ist.6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the magnesium in the inoculant is completely or partially replaced by at least one of the rare earth metal elements such as cerium, yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium and / or praseodymium.
EP82109487A 1981-12-01 1982-10-14 Wear-resistant cast iron containing spheroidal graphite, and process for its manufacture Expired EP0080590B1 (en)

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EP0080590A3 (en) 1984-03-07
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DE3147461C2 (en) 1983-10-13
DE3147461A1 (en) 1983-06-16
JPS58104154A (en) 1983-06-21

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