EP0075671B1 - Dismountable bridge - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Bridge kit, composed of a traversing beam which is composed of individual sections (6, 8) coupled together and of individual bridge sections (2, 4), which are coupled together, moved over the traversing beam and have an U-shaped cross-section, whereby the traversing beam is provided in the longitudinal axis of the bridge, characterized in that the bridge sections (2, 4) are composed of a central part (12) and of two side parts (10), that the side parts (10) are containing track-ways in the shape of hollow boxes, that the side parts (10) are turnably connected along the longitudinal edges of the central part (12), for being folded under the central part (12) in a transport position, and that hoisting points are so arranged in the bridge sections (2, 4) that the side parts (10) automatically fold underneath the central part (12) by lifting (dismantling), or fold out from underneath the central part (12) (assembly).

Description

The invention relates to a collapsible bridge, consisting of a stem coupled from individual sections to each other and coupled to each other, pushed over the stem, cross-sectionally U-shaped bridge sections, the stem being arranged in the longitudinal axis of the bridge.

Such bridges are mainly used in pioneering construction when natural obstacles such as cuts in the terrain or bodies of water that are wider than approx. 20 m prevent the onward travel of land vehicles and the span of simple armored bascule bridges is no longer sufficient.

Pioneer bridges are known, such as the Medium Girder Bridge from Fairey (England), which can be assembled by hand from many small elements.

The good stowability of the small elements is advantageous. It is disadvantageous that the construction is labor-intensive and time-consuming due to the many necessary steps.

The fixed bridge type B from Krupp consists of larger elements, but still consists of many parts. In addition to a crane, the structure therefore also requires a lot of manipulation.

Known is a collapsible floating bridge (CH-PS No. 344439), in which bridge elements are attached to a vehicle that is designed as a floating body. Brackets which can be pivoted about vertical axes are provided on the bridge elements, which are used as supports for widening the roadway and which are pivoted to the bridge elements for transport in order to reduce the vehicle width. Nevertheless, the vehicle is too wide for normal road registration.

At more than 3 m, the transport vehicles of the English Mach / Able bridge (designed by MVEE) are still too wide. Another disadvantage is the relatively large number of crane movements that are required at the erection site to assemble the bridge sections from track members and cross members.

Known is a collapsible bridge (DE-OS No. 2846182), consisting of a stem coupled from individual sections with each other and coupled together, pushed over the stem, cross-sectionally U-shaped bridge sections, the stem being arranged in the longitudinal axis of the bridge. This bridge forms the preamble of claim 1. The use of fewer, large parts minimizes the work involved in laying. The large individual parts make transportation a problem. The transport vehicles with a width of 4 m are only partially suitable for off-road use and are not street legal.

The prior art does not include a bridge that is both quick to set up and easy to transport.

The object of the invention is to provide a collapsible bridge which can be transported in the disassembled state fully suitable for off-road and road use and yet can be installed quickly and with little personnel.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a bridge with the features listed in the characterizing part of claim 1.

• - Verlegen mit vorhandenem Gerät (Verlegepanzer Biber) möglich,
• - schneller Auf- und Abbau durch Verwendung grosser Bauteile,
• - wenig Personal nötig,
• - hohe Stabilität durch aussenliegende Spurträger,
• - geringe Lademasse: 2,5 m Breite, 3,5 m Höhe für ca. 14 m Brücke mit 4 m breiter Fahrbahn,
• - selbsttätiges Auseinander- und Zusammenklappen,
• - unterspannbar für höhere Nutzlasten oder Spannweiten leicht zu reinigen, z. T. selbstreinigend,
• - von einer Seite aus vollständig verlegbar, kein Personaleinsatz auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite erforderlich,
• - von beiden Seiten aus abbaubar, es müssen keine Bauteile von der Aufbauseite auf die Abbauseite gebracht werden, und
• - nur geringer Platzbedarf am Ufer, sowohl in Hindernisrichtung als auch senkrecht dazu.

The advantages of this bridge are:

• - Laying with existing equipment (laying armor beaver) possible,
• - quick assembly and disassembly by using large components,
• - little staff needed,
• - high stability due to external track carriers,
• - low loading mass: 2.5 m wide, 3.5 m high for approx. 14 m bridge with 4 m wide carriageway,
• - automatic unfolding and folding,
• - Can be easily cleaned for higher payloads or spans, e.g. T. self-cleaning,
• - completely relocatable from one side, no personnel deployment required on the opposite side,
• - Can be dismantled from both sides, no components need to be moved from the construction side to the dismantling side, and
• - Only a small amount of space is required on the bank, both in the direction of the obstacle and perpendicular to it.

Embodiments of the invention are opposed to dependent claims.

The invention is illustrated by the figures.

• Fig. 1 Teile einer erfindungsgemässen Brücke,
• Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Brücke,
• Fig. 3 einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Brücke mit Unterspannung,
• Fig. 4 das Verladen eines erfindungsgemässen Brückenabschnitts auf ein Transportfahrzeug,
• Fig. 5 das Entladen eines erfindungsgemässen Brückenabschnitts von einem Transportfahrzeug,
• Fig. 6 das Verlegen mit dem Verlegegerät Biber und einem Kran,
• Fig. 7 ein spezielles Verlegefahrzeug,
• Fig. 8 das Verlegen mit dem in Fig. 7 gezeigten Verlegefahrzeug,
• Fig. 9 einen Verlegevorgang einer Ausführung der erfindungsgemässen Brücke, und
• Fig. 10 bis 12 Ausführungsformen eines Vorbauträgerrampenabschnittes mit Uferbalken.

Show it:

• 1 shows parts of a bridge according to the invention,
• 2 shows a cross section through a bridge according to the invention,
• 3 shows a cross section through an undervoltage bridge according to the invention,
• 4 the loading of a bridge section according to the invention onto a transport vehicle,
• 5 the unloading of a bridge section according to the invention from a transport vehicle,
• 6 the laying with the laying device Beaver and a crane,
• 7 a special laying vehicle,
• 8 shows the laying with the laying vehicle shown in FIG. 7,
• 9 shows a laying process of an embodiment of the bridge according to the invention, and
• 10 to 12 embodiments of a stem support ramp section with bank beams.

1 shows a bridge inner section 2, a ramp section 4, a stem support section 6 and a stem support ramp section 8 from several viewing directions. In section 2 the two side parts 10 and the middle part 12, which are connected to one another by joints 14 and locks 16, the bridge rollers 18 for guiding section 2 on the stem support, the gratings 20 and the couplings 22 can be clearly seen is movable in itself by hinges 24 and the tabs 25 and contains two hydraulically extendable, retractable stem support feet 26 and two rails 28 and 30 above and below.

FIG. 2 shows a section through parts 2 and 6 of FIG. 1. Below the central part 12, the essentially H-shaped stem support part 6 can be seen, in the two upper rails 28 of which the bridge rollers 18 run. The two lower rails 30 serve to receive the guide rollers 32 of a bridge laying device 34 described below. In this embodiment, the individual bridge sections 2, 4 are connected with bolt-slide couplings. At the couplings 22 tabs 35 of the adjacent section extend into the forks 36 of the upper flange and the lower flange and are connected with bolts 38. This is done by unscrewing the bolts 38 on spindles 40, which are driven by two transfer cases 42. The rotary drive can either from below in point 44, z. B. hydraulically on the bridge laying device 34, or from above in point 46, z. B. by hand. The individual sections 6, 8 of the stem girder are connected accordingly. In order to prevent mechanical impacts when opening and folding sections 2 or 4, damping members 48 are provided, which can also be spring-loaded.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through an inventive bridge with undervoltage (explosive device). An undervoltage with one or more ropes increases the load capacity and the span of a bridge. Due to the high tensile stresses on the guy ropes 50 which occur when the bridge is under load, high compressive forces act on the retractable supports 52. The supports 52 are held at a fixed distance by cross members 54; Cross rope tensioning 56 prevent the supports 52 from buckling to the side. 4 shows the loading of individual bridge sections 2. The locks 16 are released and the hot dishes 58 of a crane 60 are fastened to the central part 12. If section 2 is raised, the side parts 10 fold partly under their own weight under the middle part 12. When the section 2 is lowered onto the smooth loading surface 62 of a transport vehicle 64, the side parts 10 slide completely under the middle part 12. If two bridge sections 2 become a common one Load truck 64, so the loading dimension with 2.5 m width and 3.5 m total height remains street legal. Before dismantling the bridge, only a rough cleaning of the z. T. self-cleaning middle parts 12 necessary. Dirt that is on the two side parts 10 falls off by itself or can be easily removed later in the loaded state.

5 shows the process of unloading individual bridge sections 2. For this purpose, the hot dishes 58 are fastened to the side parts 10. When lifting, section 2 opens automatically; Unwanted blows are prevented by the dampers 48, not shown here. The locking can be done automatically by means of a snap lock or manually.

The automatic folding and unfolding significantly reduces the number of necessary crane movements and thus the time required to move or dismantle the bridge compared to known designs.

6 shows a laying process with the known laying armor beaver 34 and a commercially available (4-ton) crane 60. The laying device 34 moves up to the incision in the terrain and extends its support 66. A stem carrier ramp part 8 is already on the laying device on the guide rollers 32 of the boom 68. A gearwheel in the boom 68 pushes the part 8 forward on its racks (one tooth 70 can be seen in FIG. 2). The stem support feet 26 are cut out and extended hydraulically. The crane 60 reaches stem sections 6 which are coupled and pushed forward on their lower rails 30. If the stem carrier has reached the correct length, a second stem carrier ramp part 8 is coupled. The stem support is complete and is only held by the rollers 32. Thanks to the light weight of the stem, this is possible for sufficient spans. By lowering the boom 68, the stem support is placed on its feet 26. The two stem support ramp parts fold up in themselves, so that it is no longer the lower rails 30 but the upper rails 28 that form straight lines. The laying device 34 can move away and be used for another purpose. The crane 60 now lifts a ramp section 4 and guides its rollers 18 into the upper rails 28 of the stem girder. There are inner bridge sections 2 coupled and z. B. pulled by means of a cable and pulley (not shown) over the stem support. The last link is again formed by a ramp section 4. The stem support feet 26 are retracted and folded down. The bridge is ready for traffic without the need to dismantle components. The porch remains in it and contributes. The dismantling process takes place in the reverse order and can be done from both sides.

7 shows a laying vehicle 72, which replaces the laying armor beaver 34 and the crane 60. On the frame of a known 10 t truck 64 with support device 74, a boom 68, which corresponds to that of the device 34, and a 4 t crane 60 are attached off-center.

FIG. 8 shows a laying process with the laying vehicle 72 shown in FIG. 7. The process proceeds in accordance with the process shown in FIG. 6, it is therefore only briefly described here.

The vehicle 72 is already loaded with two stem support ramp parts 8 and deposits one of them. The boom 68 is pushed backwards on the rollers 32, stem support parts 6 are coupled and pushed. A second ramp part 8 completes the stem support. This is set down and bridge parts 2, 4 are pushed over it. When the bridge is complete, the stem support feet 26 are retracted and folded down. The bridge is ready for traffic.

In the laying process according to the invention shown in FIG. 9 for even larger spans, the invention is modified compared to the one shown in FIG. 8 insofar as the rails 28, 30 are no longer attached to the stem support 6, 8 but to the extension 68 and to the bridge parts 2, 4. For this purpose, the corresponding rollers 18, 32 are attached to the stem support 6, 8. This measure makes the porch girder even lighter.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of a stem support ramp section 76 which can be used as an alternative to the stem support ramp section 8. On the support beam ramp section 76, instead of the support beam feet 26, a bank beam 78 is fastened via scissors 80. A spindle 82 lies in the ridge 78. By turning the scissors 80 (articulation points 81, 83) can be spread and the stem support ramp section 76 can be lowered. 10 shows the front part of the support beam ramp section 76 in the raised state with the bridge ramp part 4. The leading edges of the road are hatched. 10 shows the position in the center of the picture in which the bridge has been lowered to such an extent that the side parts of the bridge ramp 4 come to rest on the bank beam 78. The end position is shown in FIG. 10 below. The scissors are fully spread. Stem girder tips and central part of the ramp are completely lowered. The steps resulting from the bank beam at each bridgehead are bridged by laying up tow ramps (not shown).

11 shows an embodiment of a bank beam 84 with hydraulic accumulators from above. In the bank beam 84, in addition to the spindle 82, there are two hydraulic accumulators connected in parallel with storage containers 86, cylinders 88 and piston rods 90.

The pivot point 81 of the scissor arms is rigidly connected to the cylinders 88. The piston rods 90 are rigidly attached to the bank beam 84.

FIG. 11 shows the bank beam 84 in the raised state (corresponding to FIG. 10 above). The pistons are fully extended, the gas in the storage containers 86 is only under a relatively low preload. Fig. 11 below shows the pistons fully retracted (corresponding to Fig. 10 below). The hydraulic fluid from cylinders 88 has pressurized the gas in reservoirs 86. A mechanical lock 92 additionally secures the bridge. In this way, the positional energy can be saved when the bridge is lowered. When dismantling, the stored gas pressure helps to lift the bridge faster.

FIG. 12 shows a bridgehead with bank beams 84 from the side and in the raised state (corresponding to FIG. 10 above). The bank beam 84 with the spindle 82 and the second cylinder 88 carries the stem support ramp section 76 via the scissors 80. The bridge ramp part 4 with the middle part lying on top and the two hanging side parts lies on the stem support. In the jacked-up state, two struts 94 between the porch support ramp section 76 and the bank beam 84 prevent tilting at the articulation point 83. Before the lowering, the struts 94 are unhooked at the top and placed on the floor.

• - bessere Standfähigkeit,
• - niedrigerer Auflagedruck,
• - definierte Auflagebedingungen,
• - Ausgleich von Unebenheiten,
• - geringere Neigung durch die um die Schlepprampen verlängerte Auffahrt, und
• - leichterer Auf- und Abbau durch Energiespeicherung.

The embodiments with bank beams offer the following advantages over the solution with feet:

• - better stability,
• - lower contact pressure,
• - defined conditions,
• - compensation for unevenness,
• - less inclination due to the driveway extended by the tow ramps, and
• - easier assembly and disassembly through energy storage.

Claims (10)

1. Bridge kit, composed of a traversing beam which is composed of individual sections (6, 8) coupled together and of individual bridge sections (2,4), which are coupled together, moved over the traversing beam and have an U-shaped cross- section, whereby the traversing beam is provided in the longitudinal axis of the bridge, characterized in that the bridge sections (2, 4) are composed of a central part (12) and of two side parts (10), that the side parts (10) are containing track-ways in the shape of hollow boxes, that the side parts (10) are turnably connected along the longitudinal edges of the central part (12),for being folded under the central part (12) in a transport position, and that hoisting points are so arranged in the bridge sections (2, 4) that the side parts (10) automatically fold underneath the central part (12) by lifting (dismantling), or fold out from underneath the central part (12) (assembly).

2. Bridge kit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the traversing beam is as long as the bridge, is launched independent from the bridge sections, and is mounted on bridge bearings (84).

3. Bridge kit according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the sections (2, 4) in part comprise lattices and means whereby the bridge can be trussed.

4. Bridge kit according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the traversing beam comprises two upper rails (28) and two lower rails (30), and the boom of a known launching vehicle and the bridge section are provided with fitted rollers (18, 32).

5. Bridge kit according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the traversing beam includes rollers, and the boom of the known launching vehicle and the bridge sections include fitted rails.

6. Bridge kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual traversing beam sections (6, 8) and brige sections (2, 4) are connected by slip-in bolt couplings (22), driven from various drive points (44, 46) by means of gear drives (42).

7. Bridge kit according to Claim 6, characterized in that the drive is hydraulic.

8. Bridge kit according to Claim 4, characterized in that the traversing beam ramp sections (8) are so mutually collapsible by means of hinges (24) and shackles (25) that either the upper rails (28) or the lower rails (30) form straight lines.

9. Bridge kit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bank beam (78, 84) is mounted by one scissors (80) each to the traversing beam ramp sections (76), the tips of the bridge ramp sections (4) and the tips of the traversing beam ramp sections (76) resting in the lowered position on the bank beam (78, 84).

10. Bridge kit according to Claim 9, characterized by a device for storing the potential energy during lowering, like a hydraulic-pneumatic reservoir.

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