EP0073919B1 - Verwendung eines flächigen Schichtkörpers als Textilmaterial - Google Patents

Verwendung eines flächigen Schichtkörpers als Textilmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0073919B1
EP0073919B1 EP82106678A EP82106678A EP0073919B1 EP 0073919 B1 EP0073919 B1 EP 0073919B1 EP 82106678 A EP82106678 A EP 82106678A EP 82106678 A EP82106678 A EP 82106678A EP 0073919 B1 EP0073919 B1 EP 0073919B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
use according
particles
needled
upper layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82106678A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0073919A3 (en
EP0073919A2 (de
Inventor
Günter TESCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TESCH, GUENTER HORST
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82106678T priority Critical patent/ATE22127T1/de
Publication of EP0073919A2 publication Critical patent/EP0073919A2/de
Publication of EP0073919A3 publication Critical patent/EP0073919A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0073919B1 publication Critical patent/EP0073919B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0005—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface
    • D06N7/0039—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous substrate being coated with at least one layer of a polymer on the top surface characterised by the physical or chemical aspects of the layers
    • D06N7/0052—Compounding ingredients, e.g. rigid elements
    • D06N7/0055—Particulate material such as cork, rubber particles, reclaimed resin particles, magnetic particles, metal particles, glass beads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a flat laminate with an upper layer containing fibers or filaments.
  • Carpets are also known in which loose fiber material is needle-punched from edge strips produced during production between a base layer and an upper layer.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a flat laminate for textile applications, which is heavier than the known laminates and which should allow a versatile, unrestricted use by the filler.
  • the priority European patent application number 82106 681 8 (publication number 0071 212) is intended to protect a mat-shaped layer body with a cover layer made of a fiber and filament fleece, an underlay layer and a particle layer made of granular particles arranged between these layers, in which the particles pass through individual or tufts of holding fibers are held, which are needled distributed over the surface of the laminated body through the particle layer and connect the cover layer and the underlayer to one another.
  • the particles consist of mineral, inert material, in particular of inert rock particles, such as. B. sand, gravel or the like, and have a hardness that makes them indestructible when needling. In addition to these particles made of at least one mineral, inert material, further particles may be present.
  • the granular particles used according to the invention can be brittle and / or also have abrasive properties and a hardness which makes them indestructible when needling, in particular if they are sand or gravel.
  • the particles therefore have properties that speak against needling.
  • the top layer and the backing layer with conventional needling techniques, i. i.e., by means of needling needles with barbs, e.g. B. usual Fiiznadeln without significant damage, for. B. wear or destruction of the same, can be needled through the layer of granular particles. This is partly due to the fact that the granular particles are preferably displaceable relative to one another prior to needling and that particles hit by needles can laterally evade.
  • the laminate used according to the invention can advantageously be used as a carpet, with z. B. sand with a basis weight of 100 to 1,000 g / m 2 is present.
  • a heavier carpet can be produced in an inexpensive manner, which has a better impact sound improvement measure and a higher sound absorption level than a lighter carpet.
  • the laminated body used according to the invention can also be used as other wall or floor covering, as a support, and also as a cushion element. In particular due to its weight, it is also suitable in stripes as a weight band. While in most applications this laminate insert, e.g. B. is present as a web, of course, several, preferably 2 laminates together, z. B. connected as a pillow, sack or hose.
  • the inner layer of the laminate consists exclusively of granular sand.
  • Flooring can be made that can be used as self-laying, heavy carpets, this carpet hugs bumps.
  • the basis weight of the sand layer can be between 2 and 7 kg / m 2 .
  • Such laminate can now advantageously be cut and then z. B. as a roll or carpet tile. When dividing the laminate into smaller sections, such as. B. these tiles, granular particles fall out only in the direct area of the cut edge, since the individual particles are held individually by the introduced holding fibers, as explained above.
  • top layer and the top layer including the granular particles, such as sand, are not sewn together, but are instead needled together.
  • granular particles such as sand
  • Such a layer density over the entire surface of the laminated body can only be produced when needling.
  • a carpet web and in particular carpet tile produced in this way need not be glued to the floor, since it comes to rest on the floor due to its own weight.
  • binders such as e.g. B. cement or the like or synthetic resins. Then becomes a carpet mixed with cement particles placed on a damp surface so that it can set.
  • the granular, the filler-forming particles can also be cement, heavy spar or a light metal, such as. B. aluminum hydroxide or the like. These materials, including the sand or gravel mentioned above, improve the properties of the laminate in relation to its behavior in the event of fire, in particular such a laminate acts as a fire barrier.
  • the inner layer of a laminate used as a wall covering can also be used here as a binder, for. B. cement or a synthetic resin can be supplied. So that the laminated body does not fall down again beforehand during the setting on the wall, it can be attached to the wall with nails, pens or the like during attachment. Such rodents or pins can be driven through the laminate without destroying it and removed again after the setting process has been completed. Due to the elasticity, at least of the upper layer, the holes formed during nailing or the like close automatically after the nail is pulled out.
  • this laminated body used according to the invention can be cut into differently shaped parts makes it particularly suitable for use as upholstery, for. B. for sofas or armchairs.
  • the granular particles can also be in the form of a powder, particularly if they are binders such as cement or the like. Granular particles of different materials can be mixed. The grain diameter is preferably between 0.02 and 2 mm. These laminated bodies can be produced with different weights and resulting total thicknesses, which are also based in particular on the specific application. Is z. B. sand as granular particles, the total thickness can be about 4 to 5 mm with a basis weight of the particle layer of 4 kg / m 2 , while a laminate in which the basis weight of the particle layer is about 12 kg / m 2 , a total thickness of has about 8 to 10 mm.
  • the fibers or threads from which a nonwoven is formed have sufficient length at least for the actively needlable top layer and are preferably 40 to 120 mm in length so that they pass through a sufficient thickness of the laminate can extend from the top layer into the base layer.
  • These two layers are preferably needled together over the entire surface of the laminated body, so that a sufficient needling density can be achieved, which, for. B. is 50 to 200 punctures / cm 2 .
  • the laminated body can be needled both from the top layer and from the support layer.
  • the support layer made of a fiber-free material, for. B. consist of a plastic film, so that this further variants of the laminated body can be made possible.
  • At least the base layer can then, for. B. with a reflective layer, e.g. B. a metal layer, provided or equipped.
  • a fabric sheet or a nonwoven fabric can also be used as a passively needled carrier layer.
  • the support layer may have depressions filled with the particles, which, for. B. are well-shaped or elongated. This makes it possible, for. B. a particularly flexible to obtain the webs between the recesses bendable laminate, which can be wound up in a particularly advantageous manner.
  • the cover layers can be needled to one another at the recess-free locations and present without needles at the recesses.
  • the holding fibers can engage at different depths in the carrier layer provided with depressions, i. H. on the one hand, the penetration depth can be smaller than the height of the depressions, in which case they would not be perforated by the needles.
  • the penetration depth can also be chosen to be larger, in which case the retaining fibers may also penetrate the bottom of the depressions.
  • the laminated body as such can still be rolled up without the individual grains changing their position in the laminated body.
  • the laminated body In a special form of use of the laminated body, it is needled or glued to a further textile layer arranged on the upper layer.
  • a laminated body 1 here has an upper layer 2, which can be actively needled here and consists of a nonwoven fabric or of fibers spherically wound as ball yarns 14 (FIG. 3).
  • a layer 5 made of granular particles 6 is arranged between the top layer 2 and the support layer 3. The two layers 2 and 3 are needled together through the particle layer 5.
  • the needling can be done according to a needle method known in needle felting technology, as described, for. B. by R. Krcma in the "Handbook of Textile Composites" (Deutscher ausverlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1970, pages 198-202).
  • felting needles with a triangular needle shaft and lateral barbs directed towards the tip are most commonly used for needling. Other shapes, such as fork needles and loop needles, are also common.
  • the sewing needles mentioned in the aforementioned book can also be used accordingly for the needling of the laminated body 1.
  • the felting needles grasp individual or tufts of fibers 4 from this upper layer and interweave them with the base layer 3.
  • the upper layer 2 must be actively needled for this purpose, i. H. it should be possible to detect fibers from this layer, a portion of these fibers 4 still being anchored in layer 2.
  • the needling process not only connects the top layer 2 and the base layer 3 to one another, it also prevents the granular particles 6 of the layer 5 from laterally shifting due to the holding fibers 4 which are distributed throughout the entire surface of the layer body 1. This makes it possible to cut the laminated body into any shape, in particular sheets or tiles, without the particles dropping out of the cut edge in substantial quantities.
  • the layer 5 of granular particles 6 here consists of rock particles of small grain size, e.g. B. from sand, which by definition has a grain size of 0.02 to 2 mm. Depending on the intended use, larger particles 6 can also be used.
  • Advantageous features of these rock particles are their relatively large weight in relation to a certain layer thickness, their relatively high heat capacity and in particular their inert behavior towards other substances.
  • the support layer 3 can consist of different materials. This base layer 3 should not splinter when the needles are pierced, and the pierced holding fibers 4, e.g. B. elastic, hold tight, e.g. B. by clamping or interlacing, d. that is, the base layer 3 should be at least passively needled.
  • This base layer 3 should not splinter when the needles are pierced, and the pierced holding fibers 4, e.g. B. elastic, hold tight, e.g. B. by clamping or interlacing, d. that is, the base layer 3 should be at least passively needled.
  • plastic films 7 made of soft elastic material (compare, for example, Figure 2), fiber layers in sufficient density, which are further compressed and matted by the needle process itself, so that they retain the particles 6, and adhesively bonded fiber composites, nonwovens or Spunbonds.
  • the support layer 3 can itself be actively needled, which allows the layered body 1 to be additionally needled from the opposite side, as shown in the right half of FIG. It is also possible to provide a further actively needled fiber layer under a plastic film or the like as the base layer 3 and to needle the laminated body 1 from both sides.
  • the support layer 3 can itself be designed as a spring back or, which is not shown, have a spring back on its side facing away from the top layer 2.
  • the fiber layer can be it as a top layer 2 or as a base layer 3, can be pre-compressed by separate needling, it can be on a carrier layer such.
  • a wide variety of textile fibers can be used as the fiber material for the nonwoven fabric and also for the ball yarns 14 (FIG. 3).
  • Natural fibers such as B. cotton, wool, animal hair fibers. Like., Or synthetic fibers or a mixture thereof.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 1 has only distributed rock particles 6 such as fine-grained sand, these rock particles having a basis weight of approximately 100 to 1,000 g / m 2 .
  • rock particles 6 such as fine-grained sand
  • z. B. improve a carpet.
  • a carpet designed in this way had a basis weight of 700 to 800 g / m 2 , but by adding about 400 g of fine-grained sand per m 2, its weight can be increased by around 50%.
  • the sand particles 6 in this carpet the hard / soft effect is obtained in a relatively inexpensive manner, as a result of which the impact sound improvement measure and the sound absorption level can be increased.
  • sand with a basis weight of 2 to 7 kg / m 2 is added to a carpet and needled in it, this carpet is a web, but especially as a carpet tile, self-laying and does not need to be glued on.
  • a laminated body 1 according to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can, however, also be used as a curtain, with the added sand particles 6 showing particularly positive behavior in the event of fire. Due to the poor thermal conductivity and the high heat capacity of the sand, which then z. B. with a grain size of 1 to 2 mm and a weight per unit area of 0.5 to 2.5 kg / m 2 , this laminate can be used as a fire protection partition curtain, e.g. B. as a so-called «iron curtain •, z. B. can be used in theaters or as a spark protection curtain.
  • this film 7 can be provided with depressions 8 which, for. B. can be achieved by deep drawing in the hot plastic state.
  • these depressions 8 are of cup-like design. However, these depressions can also be elongated, in which case they come to lie parallel to each other and z. B. can be arranged offset in their position.
  • the depressions 8 open towards the top layer 2, so that the particles 6 can be introduced into these depressions.
  • the layer 5 of particles 6 is therefore not contiguous, but rather divided into numerous portions.
  • the needle punctures can be evenly distributed over the entire surface of the laminated body 1, as is shown in the three left wells 8 in FIG. 2, where the holding fibers 4 also reach through the bases of the wells 8.
  • the retaining fibers 4 were needled less deeply, as corresponds to an embodiment that is not shown, these retaining fibers end in the wells themselves in the region of the depressions 8, while the retaining fibers penetrate the recess-free locations 9 of the plastic film 7, as a result of which the top layer 2 with the is formed as a plastic film 7 support layer.
  • the needling of the laminated body can be carried out in such a way that the needle tips still perforate the bottom of the depressions 8, so that fluids can also flow into the depressions 8 from the side of the support layer 3.
  • the top layer 2 is connected to the plastic film 7 only in the region of the recess-free points 9 by means of holding fibers 4.
  • the laminated body 1 has a relatively high degree of flexibility, since the recess-free points 9 acting as webs act like a hinge.
  • grains of sand 6 and smaller binders which can be activated with water, such as e.g. B. cement powder, deposited as layer 5, on which ball yarns 14 made of spherically wound fibers are then deposited as an upper layer. These three layers 2, 5 and 3 are then needled from above, the holding fibers 4 being removed from the ball yarns 14.
  • This ball yarn top layer 2 is particularly dense, so that neither the particles 6 or 13 can fall out of the layer body 1, nor dirt particles falling onto the layer body from outside can penetrate through this top layer 2.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable as a carpet due to its surface structure. By moistening the surface on which this carpet is to be placed, the holding fibers 4 in particular suck in the moisture and bring it into contact with the binders, which then also set in relation to the surface.
  • 3 rows 11 or strips of granular particles 6, such as sand, are deposited on an actively needlable fiber layer as the base layer. These form an interrupted intermediate layer 5, through which needling is carried out.
  • an actively needled fiber layer is deposited as a cover layer 2 and the layered body 1 is needled from above.
  • this laminate 1 can also be needled from below, i. that is, the holding fibers 4 are taken from both the top layer 2 and the support layer 3.
  • the following table which is broken down by grain size range of the particles 6, shows the preferred size ranges to be used for the particle weight per unit area, the fiber thickness, the fleece weight per fiber layer per unit area, the needle thickness and the stitch density.
  • the film thickness is between 30 and 200 ⁇ m, a thicker film should also be used with a larger grain diameter.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP82106678A 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Verwendung eines flächigen Schichtkörpers als Textilmaterial Expired EP0073919B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82106678T ATE22127T1 (de) 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Verwendung eines flaechigen schichtkoerpers als textilmaterial.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3129495 1981-07-27
DE3129495 1981-07-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0073919A2 EP0073919A2 (de) 1983-03-16
EP0073919A3 EP0073919A3 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0073919B1 true EP0073919B1 (de) 1986-09-10

Family

ID=6137797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82106678A Expired EP0073919B1 (de) 1981-07-27 1982-07-23 Verwendung eines flächigen Schichtkörpers als Textilmaterial

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0073919B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPS5823950A (zh)
AT (1) ATE22127T1 (zh)
CA (1) CA1188072A (zh)
DE (1) DE3273189D1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8322644D0 (en) * 1983-08-23 1983-09-28 Lambeg Ind Research Assn Three-dimensional textile structures
FR2700140B1 (fr) * 1993-01-07 1995-01-27 Guy Le Roy Procédé et dispositif pour la réalisation de nappes composites avec constituant intercalaire initialement semi-fluide et composites obtenus.
US5851626A (en) * 1997-04-22 1998-12-22 Lear Corporation Vehicle acoustic damping and decoupling system
GB201619738D0 (en) * 2016-11-22 2017-01-04 Concrete Canvas Tech Ltd Flexible Composite

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH443611A (de) * 1963-07-26 1967-09-15 Brevetex S A Mehrschichtiges Flächengebilde mit mindestens einer Dämmschicht und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mehrschichtigen Flächengebildes mit mindestens einer Dämmschicht
CH376636A (de) * 1963-08-20 1964-04-15 Brevetex S A Isoliermatte, insbesondere zur Schallisolation
DE6806147U (de) * 1968-11-09 1969-05-14 Haeussling H Filtermatte
NL7212202A (zh) * 1972-09-07 1974-03-11
DE2321362A1 (de) * 1973-04-27 1974-11-07 Naue Kg E A H Erosionsschutzmatte
NL7812241A (nl) * 1977-12-24 1979-06-26 Breveteam Sa Plat, buigzaam gelaagd lichaam voor het behandelen van gassen of vloeistoffen alsmede werkwijze voor de ver- vaardiging van zulk een lichaam.
US4250172A (en) * 1979-02-09 1981-02-10 Hausheer Hans P Needled fiber mat containing granular agent

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE22127T1 (de) 1986-09-15
JPS5823950A (ja) 1983-02-12
DE3273189D1 (en) 1986-10-16
JPH0235063B2 (zh) 1990-08-08
EP0073919A3 (en) 1984-05-09
EP0073919A2 (de) 1983-03-16
CA1188072A (en) 1985-06-04

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