EP0072814A1 - A beam-like building component of curable material, a method of manufacturing such a building component, and a method for producing a frame or structure for a building or part of a building with the use of such building material. - Google Patents

A beam-like building component of curable material, a method of manufacturing such a building component, and a method for producing a frame or structure for a building or part of a building with the use of such building material.

Info

Publication number
EP0072814A1
EP0072814A1 EP82900407A EP82900407A EP0072814A1 EP 0072814 A1 EP0072814 A1 EP 0072814A1 EP 82900407 A EP82900407 A EP 82900407A EP 82900407 A EP82900407 A EP 82900407A EP 0072814 A1 EP0072814 A1 EP 0072814A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building
parts
concrete
building components
reinforcement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP82900407A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0072814B1 (en
Inventor
Per Hofman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT82900407T priority Critical patent/ATE14465T1/en
Publication of EP0072814A1 publication Critical patent/EP0072814A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0072814B1 publication Critical patent/EP0072814B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/028—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for double - wall articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/205—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members with apertured web, e.g. frameworks, trusses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7407—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts
    • E04B2/7409—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using frames with infill panels or coverings only; made-up of panels and a support structure incorporating posts special measures for sound or thermal insulation, including fire protection
    • E04B2/7412—Posts or frame members specially adapted for reduced sound or heat transmission

Definitions

  • a BEAM-LIKE BUILDING COMPONENT OF CURABLE MATERIAL A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A BUILDING COMPONENT; AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FRAME OR STRUCTURE FOR A BUILDING OR PART OF A BUILDING WITH THE USE OF SUCH BUILDING MATERIAL
  • the present invention rela.es to beam ⁇ like building components comprising a first beam-part manufactured from a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and pro ⁇ vided with longitudinally extending reincorce- ent means, and a second beam-part which is spaced from the .first beam-part and .connected thereto by means of a wire-like element ex ⁇ tending rearwardly and forwardly between said beam-parts.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such building components, and is also instructive in various usages thereof, for example the use of such building members in constructing frames or structures for a building, or a part of a building, in a simple and ready fashion.
  • a beam-like building component of -the aforedescribed kind is described and illustra ⁇ ted in the West-German Patent Specification Number 812 206.
  • the West-German Lay-Out Print 2 929 350 can also be said to describe a building com ⁇ ponent of the kind mentioned, although in this case it is a question of a concrete slab and not a concrete beam-part connected to a further beam-part via a forwardly and rearwardly ex ⁇ tending wire.
  • the second beam-part comprises two iron angles welded together to form a T-shaped profile.
  • the building component is intended to form part of a floor structure, which also includes other profiled components. The use to which this building component can- be put is thus very limited.
  • the second beam-part is also made of metal, such as steel, and is welded to the forwardly and rearwardly extending wire. Consequently, this type of building slab also has a very re- stricted use.
  • Other kinds of building compo- nents are described, for example, in the pub ⁇ lished PCT-Application with the number WO 80-01297 , which describes a building component comprising two mutually parallel wooden strips, which are joined together with % a wire extending rearwardly and forwardly between said strips.
  • the Swiss Patent Specification Number 547 927 describes- a concrete slab which is joined to a plurality of parallel metal com- ponents by means of wire-like elements.
  • German Lay-Out Print Number 1 784 828 describes three triangularly arranged wooden beams, which are joined together by braces to
  • ⁇ 0 form a truss or lattice structure.
  • the U.S. Patent Specification Number 4 125 981 describes a building structure comprising two parallel, composite boards on which concrete is applied, so that the boards are incorporated in the concrete structure.
  • the object of the. present invention is to provide a lightweight and rigid beam-like building component, whose dimensions can be readily varied independence upon prevailing requirements, which is simple to manufacture without requiring complicated equipment there- for, and which finds miscellaneous use within the building field, where said component, can be used for both vertical and horizontal members in the erection of building structures.
  • the present invention comprises a beam- like building component of the aforementioned kind which is mainly characterized in that the second beam-part also comprises a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and is provided with a longitudinally extending re- inforcement means; and in that the wire-like means extending forwardly and rearwardly be ⁇ tween the beam-parts is joined with the longi ⁇ tudinally extending reinforcement means of each beam-part while connecting said beam-parts to form a lightweight , torque-rigid force- absorbing unit provided with integral rein ⁇ forcement means.
  • the second beam-part also comprises a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and is provided with a longitudinally extending re- inforcement means; and in that the wire-like means extending forwardly and rearwardly be ⁇ tween the beam-parts is joined with the longi ⁇ tudinally extending reinforcement means of each beam-part while connecting said beam-parts to form a lightweight , torque-rigid force-
  • the rearwardly and forwardly extending wire-like means - which can be said to form a reinforcement spacer means between the beam-parts, determining the width or heighth of the building component - is sta- tically significant since it connects the longitudinally extending reinforcement means of respective beam-parts together. In this way, it is possible to adjust sueh beam pro ⁇ perties as static bearing capacity, section modulus and moment-absorbing capacity to pre ⁇ vailing requirements in a simple fashio .
  • the shape of the beam and its low weight per running meter, coupled with its. material, steel and concrete, in static combination enables the beam to be used over a wide field.
  • vertical and hori ⁇ zontal building components constructed in accordance with the invention it is possible to erect a building frame or a building structure, the building components being connected together by means of bolts and nuts , in a simple fashion.
  • the central vacant space between the beam-parts in the region of the forwardly and rearwardly extending wire-like means can be put to a number of purposeful uses.
  • the space can be used for accommodating the doorframes and windowframes of the building.
  • the vacant space can also be used to accommodate insulating material, in which case the building walls will be substan ⁇ tially constantly insulated along the whole of said walls , without the occurrence of thermal bridges.
  • a structure erected from building compo ⁇ nents according to the invention can also be provided with front and back mould walls , enabling concrete to be cast to form a sub ⁇ stantially continuous wall or floor structure, the building component in this case being used as a so-called loss mould.
  • Building components constructed in accord- ance with the invention can be used, to advan ⁇ tage, for erecting body structures for such buildings as private houses , low and high rise buildings, schools and industrial buildings.
  • the said building components can, in addition, be used to erect other building structures , such as roofs, balconies, baluster etc., in a ready and simple fashion.
  • the design of the beam facilitates the application of elements for attaching facade elements, such as bricks or other facade cover ⁇ ing elements.
  • the two beam-parts comprise the same material, optional ⁇ ly with intermediate parts joining the beam- parts.
  • At least one side of the beam-parts is provided with a longitudinally extending wooden strip
  • O PI_ which is cast into said beam-part or joined thereto in some other way, and intended to facilitate connection of the beam-part to another building componen , by means of nails or screws.
  • This embodiment affords many ad ⁇ vantages. Despite the fact that the building frame or structure is built of concrete build ⁇ ing components constructed according to the invention, thereby providing a fi_rm, strong structure, it is relatively easy to instal internal walls, floor structures, and roof trusses made of wood.
  • a method for- manufacturing a beam-like, reinforced building component comprising two reinforced beam-parts in spaced apart, parallel relationship and made of a castable and curable material, such as concrete, is mainly charac ⁇ terized by introducing into a mould provided with side and end bulkheads and a central, upwardly tapering form body having a height which corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the finished component, a rein ⁇ forcement ladder or tied-mesh reinforcement which includes a longitudinally extending re- inforcement for each beam-part and a reinforce ⁇ ment rod which connects said each beam-part and which extends forwardly and rearwardly between said longitudinally extending reinforcement
  • O PI means; by introducing into the form subsequent hereto a similar, downwardly tapering form body having a height which corresponds approxi ⁇ mately to half the thickness of the building component and being anchored relative to the first form body; and by casting concrete or some other curable material into the form and vibrating said form, and permitting the concrete or other curable material to set.
  • the method according to the invention does not require any complicated mould or form equipment, and hence building components according to the invention can be manufactured on a factory scale without necessitating high investment costs.
  • the body structure of which building shall comprise building components according to the invention.
  • the tied-mesh reinforcement is placed on strips of foamed plastics or like material on the bottom form body, these strips being compressed under the weight of the tied- mesh reinforcement and the. upper form body, to form a seal for the cast concrete or like
  • the building com ⁇ ponents can be used as vertical wall supports , horizontal bearing elements and roof trusses, which are joined together by screw joints, and the vacant space between parts of the building components in the region of the central por ⁇ tions of the tied-mesh reinforcement can .be used for mounting window frames and door frames and the like between the building components, for drawing electrical conduits , water-supply lines, and for housing insulating material and the like.
  • a building component according to the invention has a more or less universal function with a multiplicity of uses.
  • the free space between the parts of the building components can be utilized in different ways to facilitate the erection of the building and to make said erection less ' expensive.
  • Figure la is a perspective view of a beam- like building component according to the inven ⁇ tion.
  • Figures lb - le are side and end views of four further types of beam-like building compo- nents , where at least one of the parallel, lon ⁇ gitudinally extending beam-parts is provided with one or two cast wooden strips , to enable the building components to be nailed or screwed to another building component in a ready fashion
  • Figures If - Ik illustrate building com ⁇ ponents accord-ing to the invention whose ends are of mutually different configuration, ena ⁇ bling the building components to be used as vertical support members or carrying members .
  • Figure 1L illustrates an example of a roof truss comprising two building components according to the invention cast together.
  • Figure 1m is a side view of a building component according to the invention for use as a horizontal supporting beam.
  • Figures 2a - 2f illustrate a form for the manufacture of a beam-like building com ⁇ ponent according to Figure la, and also illu ⁇ strates the procedural steps taken in said manufacture. All of the views, with the ex ⁇ ception of Figure 2e, are end views, while Figure 2e is a perspective view of a form and a cast building component during the curing process.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view illu ⁇ strating a building frame structure comprising beam-like building components according to the invention.
  • OMPI Figures 4a - 4d are perspective views illustrating the procedural steps when casting basement-slab footings, and the initial stage of erecting a building structure thereupon.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view illustra- ting the erection of part of a building body structure directly on footings.
  • Figure 6a is a perspective view illustra ⁇ ting the procedure when securing'window frames and door frames to a part of a building body structure comprising building components accor ⁇ ding to the invention.
  • Figure 6b is a side view .of_a mould mounted against beams .for casting walls and floor supports, so-called lost form, for .a high-rise apartment building.
  • Figures 7a - 7f illustrate detail arrange ⁇ ments when erecting the lower part of a build ⁇ ing body structure.
  • Figures 8a - 8d are detail views illu- strating separate support arrangements when such are required in the .erection of a build ⁇ ing body structure.
  • Figures 9a and 9b are plan views illu ⁇ strating two different arrangemen ⁇ s for casting the walls of a building without separate forms while using concrete planks which connect to beam-like building components according to the invention.
  • a beam-like building component 1 comprising a first con ⁇ crete beam-part 2 provided with a longitudinally extending reinforcement 4 3 and a second concrete beam-part 3 which extends parallel with said first beam-part 2 and which is provided with a longitudinally extending reinforcement 5.
  • a wire-like means 6 Extending forwardly and rearwardly between the beam-parts is a wire-like means 6 , which is welded to each of the reinforcements 4 and 5 of respective beam-parts, to join the beam- parts together to form a lightweight , moment- rigid, force-absorbing unit provided with an integral reinforcement.
  • the height or thickness of the beam-part can be varied independence upon the require ⁇ ments placed on the building component when • used.
  • the longitudinally extending reinforce- ment 4 and 5 in respective beam-parts may also have varying diameter, as can- also the forward ⁇ ly and rearwardly extending reinforcement 6 , which serves as a distance-means reinforcement between the beam-parts and thus determines the height of the building component in a horizon ⁇ tal position.
  • the building component 1 can be used as a hori ⁇ zontal or vertical structural member when erec- ting different building frame structures or body structures , and can be connected to other building components through suitable bolt-nut joints.
  • the building component can also be joined to other building components by nails or screws , in which case the building component suitably has the form of one of he embodiments illustrated in Figures lb - le.
  • the building component suitably has the form of one of he embodiments illustrated in Figures lb - le.
  • two wooden strips 8 are cast into each beam-part 2 , 3.
  • the outer side surfaces of the wooden strips 8 coincide with the side of respective beam-like elements 2 , 4 facing away from opposite beam ⁇ like elements.
  • Each wooden strip 8 can be provided with a waist 8a for anchoring the strips in respec ⁇ tive beam-parts when cast therein.
  • respective wooden strips can be through-passed by a plurality- of transverse steel anchoring pegs (not shown) arranged at a given distance apart, e.g. 400mm in corresponding beam-parts - 2- and 4 respectively.
  • each beam- part 2 and 4 has a wooden strip 8 whose width is greater than the corresponding wooden strips illustrated in Figure lb.
  • each beam part 2 and 3 is provided with two longitudinally extending reinforcements 4 and 5 respectively.
  • the second beam part has a smaller height and width than the first beam-part 2 , which in turn has two wooden strips 8.
  • the reinforcement rods 6 extending between the beam-parts to form spacer means form an angle with each other.
  • the beam-part 2 of larger dimensions also has a wooden strip 8 cast therein.
  • Figures lf-l illustrate embodiments of beam-like building components according to the invention for use as vertical support or carry- ing members.
  • the embodiments illustrated in ' Figure li and - Figure lj each have an open bottom end, to enable them to be fitted onto a horizontal support beam (see Figure 5).
  • the beam-like building members of these two embodiments, and also the embodiment according to Ih, are also open upwardly, for receiving an upper support beam (see Figure 6a).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention provided with an upper and a lower laterally directed recess for co-operation with upper and lower support beams respectively (not shown)
  • Figures according to Figures are instead, or in addition, provided with upper and lower closed recesses, for accommodating support beams , which in this case are inserted into the vertical building components laterally.
  • Figure If illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention provided with an upper and a lower laterally directed recess for co-operation with upper and lower support beams respectively (not shown)
  • the embodiments according to Figures are instead, or in addition, provided with upper and lower closed recesses, for accommodating support beams , which in this case are inserted into the vertical building components laterally.
  • Figure If illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention provided with an upper and a lower laterally directed recess for co-operation with upper and lower support beams respectively (not shown)
  • Figure 1L illustrates an embodiment of a roof truss comprising two coherently cast beam-like building components according to the invention, said components forming an angle therebetween.
  • Figure lm illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention for use as a horizontal beam and intended to be assembled together with, for example, one of the support ' or carrying beams illustrated in Figures If - Ik. All of the building components' according to the invention illustrated in Figures If - lm are provided with two or more holes lc, which enable the building componentsto be readily bolted together by means of bolt-nut joints 25 (shown for example in Figure 3).
  • Figures 2a - 2f The procedural steps taken when manufac ⁇ turing beam-like building components according to Figure la are shown in Figures 2a - 2f.
  • a simple form 10 having a form bottom 11 which rests on two iron angles 12.
  • the vertical sides of the angles are pro ⁇ vided with side bulkheads 13 , which are pivot- ally connected to the angles 12 by means of longitudinally extending pivots 1 .
  • the form is also provided with end bulk ⁇ heads (not shown) .
  • an upwardly tapering form body 15 made of steel plate and having a height which corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the finished component.
  • two parallel strips 16 of foamed plastics are placed on the form body 15.
  • a reinforcement ladder or tied-mesh reinforcement comprising a longitudinally extending reinforcement 4 and 5 and an interconnecting reinforcement rod 6 ex- tending forwardly and rearwardly therebetween is then placed on top of the form body 15.
  • the weight of the upper form body 18 and the reinforcement ladder 17 compresses the foam-plastics strip 16, to form seals which prevent concrete from penetrating into the. space between the form bodies , when concrete is poured into the form.
  • Figure 2e is a perspective view of the form with a cast building component therein.
  • the form and building component can, in this state, be moved, for example on a carriage, * to a station where the building component is allowed to harden or set, whereafter the mould is stripped (Figure 2f) .
  • Building components according to the in ⁇ vention can be manufactured in series by means of the described method, and the illustrated form can be constructed in a rapid and simple manner, withlow investment costs for the form equipment.
  • the use of a loose bottom-form according to Figure 2 enables it to be removed from the mother form, when the concrete begins to set, thereby enabling the mother form to be cleaned and provided with a new bottom-form for a further casting operation.
  • FIG ⁇ 3 is a " perspective view which illu ⁇ strates schematically 'a building body structure erected from building components according to. the invention.
  • the building com ⁇ ponents form both vertical wall supports and horizontal support beams, floor structures or so-called ground plates.
  • slightly modified buil ⁇ ding components 1 of approximately the kind illustrated in Figure 1L form roof trusses .
  • These roof trusses can be described as having legs lb which extend from a central part la and which form angles with one another.
  • Figure 3 also illustrates, among other things, how a simplified foundation can be made with the use of beam-like building components according to the invention. Instead of casting a skirting having a height, for example, of
  • dow nwardly extending recessed vertical support beams e.g. according to Figure lh, at a distance f om the level of the ground, said vertical beam being provided with recesses for accommodating a horizontal support beam, e.g. according to Figure lm, which supports a floor structure , which may also ⁇ comprise beams according to Figure lm.-
  • the building components can be joined to ⁇ gether by bolt-nut joints 25, this being facili ⁇ tated by the free space in the central part of the building component.
  • through-passing holes lc may also be provided in respective building components, for the passage of bolts.
  • Figures 4a - 4d illustrate schematically an embodiment of -a method of building a founda- tion and of anchoring the bottom part of the frame body structure to basement or foundation slabs.
  • a ground foundation 20 holes 20a for accommo- dating skirting foundations, which are reinforced and cast in concrete.
  • holders 22 for beam supports in the form of building components 1 are inserted into the cast footings 21, which components are anchored in the manner illustrated in Figure ' 4b when the concrete sets .
  • Figure 4c illustrates a mould side 23 mounted to holders 22. Subsequent to mounting said form side 23, the foundation is filled and packed to the correct height.
  • Building components 1 forming vertical wall supports can then be mounted in position and connected to the holders 22 by means of bolts and nuts 25.
  • the wall supports carry horizontal building " components 1 serving as support beams, which in turn support building components 1 serving as hori ⁇ zontal floor beams or so-called ground plates.
  • the horizontal floor beams 1 are joined to the wall supports by means of a bolt and nut joint 25.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a modified founda ⁇ tion-laying method, in which some basement slabs 24 are omitted.
  • the lower portions of vertical wall supports in the form of building components 1 are instead cast directly into spot footings 21 cast in the ground, where- after horizontal support beams, also in the form of building components 1, are inserted in recesses in the vertical wall supports.
  • Ground plates or a floor structure comprising building components 1 according to the inven- tion are then mounted on the horizontal sup ⁇ port beams, said ground plates or floor struc ⁇ ture being joined to the vertical wall supports
  • FIG. 6a illustrates by way of example a method of installing window frames and door frames in a building body structure.
  • Window frames 27 and door frames 28 are secured to vertical stays in the form of building compo- nents 1, which are provided with upper and lower recesses which enable said stays- to be connected to upper and lower horizontal support beams prior to ⁇ installing said frames 27 and 28. It will be readily seen that a reliable construction is obtained which enables the vertical position of the window and door frames to be varied in a simple fashion.
  • Figure 6b illustrates a method of erecting a multiple-floor building with the use of building components 1 according to the invention.
  • Upper load-carrying beams in the form of build ⁇ ing components 1 of smaller dimension extend perpendicularly to the plane of the paper, in upper recesses arranged in vertical wall sup- ports, which supports may comprise building components of the kind illustrated in Figure li.
  • R-esting on the load-carrying beams are horizontal beams , for example according to Figure lm, which form floor structures and which are joined to the vertical support beams by bolt-nut joints 25.
  • screwed to the outer and inner surfaces of the vertical support beams by means of screw joints 33 are form boards or shuttering 32, e.g. made of plywood.so-called plyfaform.
  • the outer form extends right up to the upper edge of the wall support, while the inner form board extends-to a level corresponding to the sealing height of the room.
  • the horizontal floor-structure members are also clad on the underside thereof with form material 32, which is also screwed firmly to the said members by means of screw joints 33.
  • the space between the form sides is filled with concrete to the"level of the lower edge of the upper floor structure.
  • the ver- tical support beams are then placed in position for erecting the following floor-indicated in the upper margin of Figure 6b-in preparation for the next day's casting operation.
  • These wall supports are placed on the horizontal load- bearing beams and are screwed thereto and to the beams of the floor structure. Concrete is then poured-in, up to the upper edge of the floor structure.
  • Figure 7a illustrates an arrangement for providing compartment recesses for skirting in conjunction with a support.beam for a building body structure erected from building components according to the invention.
  • a horizontal building component 1 according to the invention is accommodated in the skirting and carries floor-structure members which also comprise building components 1 and which extend per ⁇ pendicularly.
  • Figure 7b illustrates how two support beams in the form of building components 1 are arranged side by side in the skirting, to per- mit additional loading.
  • FIG. 7-c illustrates a principal method of procedure when applying load-bearing members for facade elements, e.g. bricks.
  • load-bearing components 30 of particular design, as illustrated in ' Figures
  • Figures 8a - 8d illustrate a number of different arrangements of support members against spot-footings and basement slabs re ⁇ spectively (Figure 8a) for beams of long span, where two or more building components 1 are arranged adjacent one another ( Figure 8b), and supports for beams when splicing or joining.
  • Figure 8c is a side view of a suitable support element, while Figure 8d illustrates how two horizontal building components are joined or spliced together by means of horizontal splicing or connecting iron 38.
  • Figures 9a and 9b illustrate two examples of how a concrete plank is mounted to a building
  • Pre-fabricated wall elements 34 in the form of concrete planks or slabs are provided with shoulders 34a defined by an inclined surface corresponding to the slope of respective beam-parts 2.
  • the inner wall element 35 which also comprises a concrete plank or slab, is provided with corresponding shoulders 35a. The configuration of shoulders 34a and
  • FIG. 35a on the outer and inner walls 34 and 35 re ⁇ spectively is such that when concrete is cast between the outer and inner walls , the pressure exerted by the concrete is transmitted to the building components .
  • the wall elelmenfs 34, 35 will be anchored to the build ⁇ ing components 1 to form a so-called lost form.
  • Figure 9b illustrates an arrangement which is a modification of the Figure 9a embodiment and in which the outer and inner walls 34' and 35' respectively exhibit instead mutually abut- ing surfaces 34'a and 35'a respectively which are straight instead of being inclined.
  • the abutment surfaces abut mutually opposed side surfaces of the building component 1.
  • the outer and inner walls 34', 35' are anchored to respective building components 1 by means of ties 40.
  • the building component 1 exhibits a recess in the region of its central part facilitates concreting of the walls and ensures an improved end resul . Thu , .here is obtained a continuous concrete core along the whole of the wall.
  • the space between the outer and inner walls 34, 35 and 34', 35' respectively can be filled with insulating material, thereby to obtain an unbroken insulation in the region of the building element 1, without thepresence of thermal bridges.
  • Industrial Applicability As will be readily understood, the afore- described embodiments merely represent conceiv ⁇ able examples of the invention and how the in ⁇ vention can be put into practice in the erection of different building constructions. It will also be readily understood that the invention can be applied in a number of other ways and can be accorded a wide range of use within the build ⁇ ing technique.
  • the building component need not have the form illustrated in Figure 1, but can be modified in different ways, in which the two beam-parts 2 and 3 along given parts of the building component are joined together and/or form given angles with one another. It is essential with respect to the invention that the building component exhibits two reinforced beam- parts which are joined together by a rearwardly and forwardly extending wire-like means which forms a distance-reinforcement means and which exhibits those properties described above. It will be readily understood to one of normal skill in this art, however,- that different ypes of special members or elements designed for par-
  • OMPi ticular purposes can be produced and, indepen ⁇ dence upon the requirements set, given a form different to the basic form of the building com ⁇ ponent without departing from the basic concept of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

Composant de construction en forme de poutre (1) comprenant une premiere partie de poutre (2) en beton pourvue d'une armature s'etendant longitudinalement (4) et une deuxieme partie de poutre (3) en beton pourvue d'une armature s'etendant longitudinalement (5) et espacee de la premiere partie de poutre (2) Les deux parties de poutre (2, 3) sont reliees par un moyen en forme de fil (6) s'etendant vers l'avant et vers l'arriere entre les parties de poutre et qui est liee a l'armature longitudinale (4, 5) de chaque partie de poutre, de maniere a relier les parties de poutre en une unite legere, rigide en moment et absorbant les forces, pourvue d'une armature integree. Ces composants de construction (1) peuvent etre fabriques au moyen d'un equipement de coffrage simple, et peuvent etre utilises pour batir des structures d'ossature pour des habitations privees et d'autres constructions. A cet egard les composants de construction en forme de poutres peuvent servir d'organes verticaux et horizontaux d'appui et de support dans la structure, et peuvent etre relies mutuellement aux moyens de joints a boulon-ecrou (25). Les composants de construction peuvent aussi etre connectes pour former des parties laterales pour le coulage de parois en beton et/ou de structures de plancher, et peuvent etre noyes dans les parois et/ou dans la structure de plancher pour servir de moyens d'armature, formant ainsi ce qu'on appelle des coffrages perdus.Construction component in the form of a beam (1) comprising a first part of beam (2) of concrete provided with a longitudinally extending frame (4) and a second part of beam (3) of concrete provided with a frame s extending longitudinally (5) and space of the first beam part (2) The two beam parts (2, 3) are connected by a wire-shaped means (6) extending forwards and rear between the beam parts and which is connected to the longitudinal reinforcement (4, 5) of each beam part, so as to connect the beam parts in a light unit, rigid at the moment and absorbing forces, provided with an integrated frame. These building components (1) can be manufactured using simple formwork equipment, and can be used to build framework structures for private dwellings and other constructions. In this regard the building components in the form of beams can serve as vertical and horizontal support and support members in the structure, and can be connected to each other by means of bolt-nut joints (25). The building components can also be connected to form lateral parts for the pouring of concrete walls and / or floor structures, and can be embedded in the walls and / or in the floor structure to serve as reinforcing means , thus forming what are called lost forms.

Description

A BEAM-LIKE BUILDING COMPONENT OF CURABLE MATERIAL; A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH A BUILDING COMPONENT; AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FRAME OR STRUCTURE FOR A BUILDING OR PART OF A BUILDING WITH THE USE OF SUCH BUILDING MATERIAL
Technical Field
The present invention rela.es to beam¬ like building components comprising a first beam-part manufactured from a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and pro¬ vided with longitudinally extending reincorce- ent means, and a second beam-part which is spaced from the .first beam-part and .connected thereto by means of a wire-like element ex¬ tending rearwardly and forwardly between said beam-parts.
The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such building components, and is also instructive in various usages thereof, for example the use of such building members in constructing frames or structures for a building, or a part of a building, in a simple and ready fashion. Background Art
A beam-like building component of -the aforedescribed kind is described and illustra¬ ted in the West-German Patent Specification Number 812 206.
The West-German Lay-Out Print 2 929 350 can also be said to describe a building com¬ ponent of the kind mentioned, although in this case it is a question of a concrete slab and not a concrete beam-part connected to a further beam-part via a forwardly and rearwardly ex¬ tending wire. In the beam-like building component of the West-German Patent Specification Number 812 206, the second beam-part comprises two iron angles welded together to form a T-shaped profile. The building component is intended to form part of a floor structure, which also includes other profiled components. The use to which this building component can- be put is thus very limited.
In the beam-like building component of the West-German Lay-Out Print Number 2 929 350, the second beam-part is also made of metal, such as steel, and is welded to the forwardly and rearwardly extending wire. Consequently, this type of building slab also has a very re- stricted use. Other kinds of building compo- nents are described, for example, in the pub¬ lished PCT-Application with the number WO 80-01297 , which describes a building component comprising two mutually parallel wooden strips, which are joined together with%a wire extending rearwardly and forwardly between said strips.
The Swiss Patent Specification Number 547 927 describes- a concrete slab which is joined to a plurality of parallel metal com- ponents by means of wire-like elements.
The German Lay-Out Print Number 1 784 828 describes three triangularly arranged wooden beams, which are joined together by braces to
■0 form a truss or lattice structure.
The U.S. Patent Specification Number 4 125 981 describes a building structure comprising two parallel, composite boards on which concrete is applied, so that the boards are incorporated in the concrete structure. Object of the Invention
The object of the. present invention is to provide a lightweight and rigid beam-like building component, whose dimensions can be readily varied independence upon prevailing requirements, which is simple to manufacture without requiring complicated equipment there- for, and which finds miscellaneous use within the building field, where said component, can be used for both vertical and horizontal members in the erection of building structures. Brief Disclosure of the Invention
The present invention comprises a beam- like building component of the aforementioned kind which is mainly characterized in that the second beam-part also comprises a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and is provided with a longitudinally extending re- inforcement means; and in that the wire-like means extending forwardly and rearwardly be¬ tween the beam-parts is joined with the longi¬ tudinally extending reinforcement means of each beam-part while connecting said beam-parts to form a lightweight , torque-rigid force- absorbing unit provided with integral rein¬ forcement means. The rearwardly and forwardly extending wire-like means - which can be said to form a reinforcement spacer means between the beam-parts, determining the width or heighth of the building component - is sta- tically significant since it connects the longitudinally extending reinforcement means of respective beam-parts together. In this way, it is possible to adjust sueh beam pro¬ perties as static bearing capacity, section modulus and moment-absorbing capacity to pre¬ vailing requirements in a simple fashio .
The shape of the beam and its low weight per running meter, coupled with its. material, steel and concrete, in static combination enables the beam to be used over a wide field. Thus, with the use of vertical and hori¬ zontal building components constructed in accordance with the invention it is possible to erect a building frame or a building structure, the building components being connected together by means of bolts and nuts , in a simple fashion. The central vacant space between the beam-parts , in the region of the forwardly and rearwardly extending wire-like means can be put to a number of purposeful uses. For example, the space can be used for accommodating the doorframes and windowframes of the building. The vacant space can also be used to accommodate insulating material, in which case the building walls will be substan¬ tially constantly insulated along the whole of said walls , without the occurrence of thermal bridges.
A structure erected from building compo¬ nents according to the invention can also be provided with front and back mould walls , enabling concrete to be cast to form a sub¬ stantially continuous wall or floor structure, the building component in this case being used as a so-called loss mould. k
Building components constructed in accord- ance with the invention can be used, to advan¬ tage, for erecting body structures for such buildings as private houses , low and high rise buildings, schools and industrial buildings. The said building components can, in addition, be used to erect other building structures , such as roofs, balconies, baluster etc., in a ready and simple fashion.
The design of the beam facilitates the application of elements for attaching facade elements, such as bricks or other facade cover¬ ing elements.
The use of building components according to the invention for 'the erection of a building structure also enables water-supply lines and electrical-supply lines to be drawn through the building much more readily.
In practice it is preferred that the two beam-parts comprise the same material, optional¬ ly with intermediate parts joining the beam- parts.
According to a preferred embodiment , at least one side of the beam-parts is provided with a longitudinally extending wooden strip,
O PI_ which is cast into said beam-part or joined thereto in some other way, and intended to facilitate connection of the beam-part to another building componen , by means of nails or screws. This embodiment affords many ad¬ vantages. Despite the fact that the building frame or structure is built of concrete build¬ ing components constructed according to the invention, thereby providing a fi_rm, strong structure, it is relatively easy to instal internal walls, floor structures, and roof trusses made of wood.
Alternatively., instead, αf..casting a wooden strip into one pr both of said beam- parts , it is possible to provide on the build¬ ing component a separate wooden strip, to afford corresponding advantages .
A method for- manufacturing a beam-like, reinforced building component comprising two reinforced beam-parts in spaced apart, parallel relationship and made of a castable and curable material, such as concrete, is mainly charac¬ terized by introducing into a mould provided with side and end bulkheads and a central, upwardly tapering form body having a height which corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the finished component, a rein¬ forcement ladder or tied-mesh reinforcement which includes a longitudinally extending re- inforcement for each beam-part and a reinforce¬ ment rod which connects said each beam-part and which extends forwardly and rearwardly between said longitudinally extending reinforcement
O PI means; by introducing into the form subsequent hereto a similar, downwardly tapering form body having a height which corresponds approxi¬ mately to half the thickness of the building component and being anchored relative to the first form body; and by casting concrete or some other curable material into the form and vibrating said form, and permitting the concrete or other curable material to set. The method according to the invention does not require any complicated mould or form equipment, and hence building components according to the invention can be manufactured on a factory scale without necessitating high investment costs. Thus, in ( many instances it may be economically rewarding to arrange for the building components to be manufactured in the immediate vicinity of a building site on which a building is to be erected, the body structure of which building shall comprise building components according to the invention.
On the other hand, since the running- meter weight of a building component construc¬ ted in accordance with the invention is re- latively low, no difficulties are experienced in transporting the building components from a manufacturing location to a building site.
In practice, the tied-mesh reinforcement is placed on strips of foamed plastics or like material on the bottom form body, these strips being compressed under the weight of the tied- mesh reinforcement and the. upper form body, to form a seal for the cast concrete or like
OMPi material, so that the central area of the tied-mesh reinforcement is substantially free of concrete.
When erecting a frame structure or body structure of a building or part of a building with the use of beam-like building components according to the invention, the building com¬ ponents can be used as vertical wall supports , horizontal bearing elements and roof trusses, which are joined together by screw joints, and the vacant space between parts of the building components in the region of the central por¬ tions of the tied-mesh reinforcement can .be used for mounting window frames and door frames and the like between the building components, for drawing electrical conduits , water-supply lines, and for housing insulating material and the like.
Thus , a building component according to the invention has a more or less universal function with a multiplicity of uses.. In addition, the free space between the parts of the building components can be utilized in different ways to facilitate the erection of the building and to make said erection less 'expensive.
Further aspects of the invention will be understood from the following description of a number of embodiments of the invention. The description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure la is a perspective view of a beam- like building component according to the inven¬ tion.
Figures lb - le are side and end views of four further types of beam-like building compo- nents , where at least one of the parallel, lon¬ gitudinally extending beam-parts is provided with one or two cast wooden strips , to enable the building components to be nailed or screwed to another building component in a ready fashion, Figures If - Ik illustrate building com¬ ponents accord-ing to the invention whose ends are of mutually different configuration, ena¬ bling the building components to be used as vertical support members or carrying members . Figure 1L illustrates an example of a roof truss comprising two building components according to the invention cast together.
Figure 1m is a side view of a building component according to the invention for use as a horizontal supporting beam.
Figures 2a - 2f illustrate a form for the manufacture of a beam-like building com¬ ponent according to Figure la, and also illu¬ strates the procedural steps taken in said manufacture. All of the views, with the ex¬ ception of Figure 2e, are end views, while Figure 2e is a perspective view of a form and a cast building component during the curing process. Figure 3 is a perspective view illu¬ strating a building frame structure comprising beam-like building components according to the invention.
OMPI Figures 4a - 4d are perspective views illustrating the procedural steps when casting basement-slab footings, and the initial stage of erecting a building structure thereupon.
Figure 5 is a perspective view illustra- ting the erection of part of a building body structure directly on footings.
Figure 6a is a perspective view illustra¬ ting the procedure when securing'window frames and door frames to a part of a building body structure comprising building components accor¬ ding to the invention.
Figure 6b is a side view .of_a mould mounted against beams .for casting walls and floor supports, so-called lost form, for .a high-rise apartment building.
Figures 7a - 7f illustrate detail arrange¬ ments when erecting the lower part of a build¬ ing body structure.
Figures 8a - 8d are detail views illu- strating separate support arrangements when such are required in the .erection of a build¬ ing body structure.
Figures 9a and 9b are plan views illu¬ strating two different arrangemenτs for casting the walls of a building without separate forms while using concrete planks which connect to beam-like building components according to the invention.
Description of Preferred Embodiments In Figure la there is shown a beam-like building component 1 comprising a first con¬ crete beam-part 2 provided with a longitudinally extending reinforcement 43 and a second concrete beam-part 3 which extends parallel with said first beam-part 2 and which is provided with a longitudinally extending reinforcement 5. Extending forwardly and rearwardly between the beam-parts is a wire-like means 6 , which is welded to each of the reinforcements 4 and 5 of respective beam-parts, to join the beam- parts together to form a lightweight , moment- rigid, force-absorbing unit provided with an integral reinforcement.
The height or thickness of the beam-part can be varied independence upon the require¬ ments placed on the building component when • used. The longitudinally extending reinforce- ment 4 and 5 in respective beam-parts may also have varying diameter, as can- also the forward¬ ly and rearwardly extending reinforcement 6 , which serves as a distance-means reinforcement between the beam-parts and thus determines the height of the building component in a horizon¬ tal position.
As illustrated in more detail hereinafter the building component 1 can be used as a hori¬ zontal or vertical structural member when erec- ting different building frame structures or body structures , and can be connected to other building components through suitable bolt-nut joints.
The building component, however, can also be joined to other building components by nails or screws , in which case the building component suitably has the form of one of he embodiments illustrated in Figures lb - le. In the Figure lb embodiment two wooden strips 8 are cast into each beam-part 2 , 3. The outer side surfaces of the wooden strips 8 coincide with the side of respective beam-like elements 2 , 4 facing away from opposite beam¬ like elements.
Each wooden strip 8 can be provided with a waist 8a for anchoring the strips in respec¬ tive beam-parts when cast therein. In addition, respective wooden strips can be through-passed by a plurality- of transverse steel anchoring pegs (not shown) arranged at a given distance apart, e.g. 400mm in corresponding beam-parts - 2- and 4 respectively. In the Figure lc embodiment, each beam- part 2 and 4 has a wooden strip 8 whose width is greater than the corresponding wooden strips illustrated in Figure lb.
The embodiment shown in Figure lc differs from the embodiment of Figures la and lb inso¬ much as two reinforcing rods 6 extend forwardly and rearwardly between the beam parts. Further, each beam part 2 and 3 is provided with two longitudinally extending reinforcements 4 and 5 respectively. In the Figure Id embodiment, the second beam part has a smaller height and width than the first beam-part 2 , which in turn has two wooden strips 8.
The embodiment according to Figure le is similar to the Figure lc embodiment, insomuch as the two beϋm-parts 2 and 3 are joined by two forwardly and rearwardly extending reinforcing rods 6. Since, however, one beam-part 3 has
smaller dimensions than the other beam-part 2 , the reinforcement rods 6 extending between the beam-parts to form spacer means form an angle with each other. The beam-part 2 of larger dimensions also has a wooden strip 8 cast therein.
Figures lf-l illustrate embodiments of beam-like building components according to the invention for use as vertical support or carry- ing members. The embodiments illustrated in' Figure li and -Figure lj each have an open bottom end, to enable them to be fitted onto a horizontal support beam (see Figure 5).
The beam-like building members of these two embodiments, and also the embodiment according to Ih, are also open upwardly, for receiving an upper support beam (see Figure 6a).
Some embodiments , for example the em- bodiments shown in Figures lg, lh and Ik, are instead, or in addition, provided with upper and lower closed recesses, for accommodating support beams , which in this case are inserted into the vertical building components laterally. Figure If illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention provided with an upper and a lower laterally directed recess for co-operation with upper and lower support beams respectively (not shown) Thus , the embodiments according to Figures
If - Ik illustrate that support or carrying beams constructed in accordance with the inven¬ tion can be provided with recesses of varying
" T RE OMP ■design and of varying locations for co-operation with horizontal support beams, roof trusses or the like.
Figure 1L illustrates an embodiment of a roof truss comprising two coherently cast beam-like building components according to the invention, said components forming an angle therebetween.
Figure lm illustrates an embodiment of a building component according to the invention for use as a horizontal beam and intended to be assembled together with, for example, one of the support 'or carrying beams illustrated in Figures If - Ik. All of the building components' according to the invention illustrated in Figures If - lm are provided with two or more holes lc, which enable the building componentsto be readily bolted together by means of bolt-nut joints 25 (shown for example in Figure 3).
The procedural steps taken when manufac¬ turing beam-like building components according to Figure la are shown in Figures 2a - 2f. To this end, there is used a simple form 10 having a form bottom 11 which rests on two iron angles 12. The vertical sides of the angles are pro¬ vided with side bulkheads 13 , which are pivot- ally connected to the angles 12 by means of longitudinally extending pivots 1 . The form is also provided with end bulk¬ heads (not shown) .
Placed on the form bottom is an upwardly tapering form body 15 made of steel plate and having a height which corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the finished component. As shown in Figure 2b, two parallel strips 16 of foamed plastics are placed on the form body 15.
As shown in Figure 2c, a reinforcement ladder or tied-mesh reinforcement comprising a longitudinally extending reinforcement 4 and 5 and an interconnecting reinforcement rod 6 ex- tending forwardly and rearwardly therebetween is then placed on top of the form body 15.
When the reinforcement 17 is placed on the foam-plastics strip 16, the strips 16 are com¬ pressed by the weight Of .said reinforcement. A downwardly tapering form body 18 pro¬ vided with two mutually parallel foam-plastics strips 16 is then placed on the reinforcement 17 , the form bodies being anchored by means of a plurality of bolts 19 arranged in suitable spaced relationship, as illustrated in Figure 2d.
The weight of the upper form body 18 and the reinforcement ladder 17 compresses the foam-plastics strip 16, to form seals which prevent concrete from penetrating into the. space between the form bodies , when concrete is poured into the form.
Figure 2e is a perspective view of the form with a cast building component therein. The form and building component can, in this state, be moved, for example on a carriage,* to a station where the building component is allowed to harden or set, whereafter the mould is stripped (Figure 2f) .
Building components according to the in¬ vention can be manufactured in series by means of the described method, and the illustrated form can be constructed in a rapid and simple manner, withlow investment costs for the form equipment. The use of a loose bottom-form according to Figure 2 enables it to be removed from the mother form, when the concrete begins to set, thereby enabling the mother form to be cleaned and provided with a new bottom-form for a further casting operation.
Figure ^3 is a"perspective view which illu¬ strates schematically 'a building body structure erected from building components according to. the invention. In this case, the building com¬ ponents form both vertical wall supports and horizontal support beams, floor structures or so-called ground plates. In addition, in the illustrated embodiment slightly modified buil¬ ding components 1 of approximately the kind illustrated in Figure 1L form roof trusses . These roof trusses can be described as having legs lb which extend from a central part la and which form angles with one another.
Figure 3 also illustrates, among other things, how a simplified foundation can be made with the use of beam-like building components according to the invention. Instead of casting a skirting having a height, for example, of
40 - 50cm there is used dow nwardly extending recessed vertical support beams, e.g. according to Figure lh, at a distance f om the level of the ground, said vertical beam being provided with recesses for accommodating a horizontal support beam, e.g. according to Figure lm, which supports a floor structure , which may also ■ comprise beams according to Figure lm.-
This possibility .of producing a simplified foundation structure represents a substantial saving in costs , among other things because the groundwork required is reduced and because no skirting or substrate need by cast.
The building components can be joined to¬ gether by bolt-nut joints 25, this being facili¬ tated by the free space in the central part of the building component. However, as. shown in Figure 4c for example, through-passing holes lc may also be provided in respective building components, for the passage of bolts.
Figures 4a - 4d illustrate schematically an embodiment of -a method of building a founda- tion and of anchoring the bottom part of the frame body structure to basement or foundation slabs.
In this method, there is first provided in a ground foundation 20 holes 20a for accommo- dating skirting foundations, which are reinforced and cast in concrete. Before the concrete has set, holders 22 for beam supports in the form of building components 1 are inserted into the cast footings 21, which components are anchored in the manner illustrated in Figure' 4b when the concrete sets .
Figure 4c illustrates a mould side 23 mounted to holders 22. Subsequent to mounting said form side 23, the foundation is filled and packed to the correct height.
Basement slabs 24 are then cast and when the form sides 23 are removed the holders 22 remain cast in the basement slabs 24.
Building components 1 forming vertical wall supports can then be mounted in position and connected to the holders 22 by means of bolts and nuts 25. As illustrated in Figure 4d, the wall supports carry horizontal building "components 1 serving as support beams, which in turn support building components 1 serving as hori¬ zontal floor beams or so-called ground plates. The horizontal floor beams 1 are joined to the wall supports by means of a bolt and nut joint 25.
Figure 5 illustrates a modified founda¬ tion-laying method, in which some basement slabs 24 are omitted. In the location of these omitted basement slabs, the lower portions of vertical wall supports in the form of building components 1 are instead cast directly into spot footings 21 cast in the ground, where- after horizontal support beams, also in the form of building components 1, are inserted in recesses in the vertical wall supports. Ground plates or a floor structure comprising building components 1 according to the inven- tion are then mounted on the horizontal sup¬ port beams, said ground plates or floor struc¬ ture being joined to the vertical wall supports
"& _u_r
OM by means of bolt-nut joints 25. The structure can then be continued vertically, to build a multi-level building, optionally a so-called high rise building. Figure 6a illustrates by way of example a method of installing window frames and door frames in a building body structure. Window frames 27 and door frames 28 are secured to vertical stays in the form of building compo- nents 1, which are provided with upper and lower recesses which enable said stays- to be connected to upper and lower horizontal support beams prior to^installing said frames 27 and 28. It will be readily seen that a reliable construction is obtained which enables the vertical position of the window and door frames to be varied in a simple fashion.
Figure 6b illustrates a method of erecting a multiple-floor building with the use of building components 1 according to the invention. Upper load-carrying beams in the form of build¬ ing components 1 of smaller dimension extend perpendicularly to the plane of the paper, in upper recesses arranged in vertical wall sup- ports, which supports may comprise building components of the kind illustrated in Figure li. R-esting on the load-carrying beams are horizontal beams , for example according to Figure lm, which form floor structures and which are joined to the vertical support beams by bolt-nut joints 25.
Screwed to the outer and inner surfaces of the vertical support beams by means of screw joints 33 are form boards or shuttering 32, e.g. made of plywood.so-called plyfaform. The outer form extends right up to the upper edge of the wall support, while the inner form board extends-to a level corresponding to the sealing height of the room.
The horizontal floor-structure members are also clad on the underside thereof with form material 32, which is also screwed firmly to the said members by means of screw joints 33.
The space between the form sides is filled with concrete to the"level of the lower edge of the upper floor structure. The ver- tical support beams are then placed in position for erecting the following floor-indicated in the upper margin of Figure 6b-in preparation for the next day's casting operation. These wall supports are placed on the horizontal load- bearing beams and are screwed thereto and to the beams of the floor structure. Concrete is then poured-in, up to the upper edge of the floor structure.
The forms are stripped on the following day, and the next floor to be erected is made " ready for casting etc.
The building components 1 located between the form sides 32 will be cast in the concrete wall, and thus form so-called lost moulds. Figure 7a illustrates an arrangement for providing compartment recesses for skirting in conjunction with a support.beam for a building body structure erected from building components according to the invention. A horizontal building component 1 according to the invention is accommodated in the skirting and carries floor-structure members which also comprise building components 1 and which extend per¬ pendicularly.
Figure 7b illustrates how two support beams in the form of building components 1 are arranged side by side in the skirting, to per- mit additional loading.
Figure 7-c illustrates a principal method of procedure when applying load-bearing members for facade elements, e.g. bricks. In this case, there is used load-bearing components 30 of particular design, as illustrated in' Figures
7e and 7f. In the method illustrated in Figure 7c, these bearing members 30 are hooked onto horizontal support beams 1 accommodated in the skirting, at a given spacing apart. Figures 8a - 8d illustrate a number of different arrangements of support members against spot-footings and basement slabs re¬ spectively (Figure 8a) for beams of long span, where two or more building components 1 are arranged adjacent one another (Figure 8b), and supports for beams when splicing or joining. Figure 8c is a side view of a suitable support element, while Figure 8d illustrates how two horizontal building components are joined or spliced together by means of horizontal splicing or connecting iron 38.
Figures 9a and 9b illustrate two examples of how a concrete plank is mounted to a building
O PI component according to the invention, to pro¬ duce a so-called lost form. Pre-fabricated wall elements 34 in the form of concrete planks or slabs are provided with shoulders 34a defined by an inclined surface corresponding to the slope of respective beam-parts 2. The inner wall element 35, which also comprises a concrete plank or slab, is provided with corresponding shoulders 35a. The configuration of shoulders 34a and
35a on the outer and inner walls 34 and 35 re¬ spectively is such that when concrete is cast between the outer and inner walls , the pressure exerted by the concrete is transmitted to the building components . In this case, the wall elelmenfs 34, 35 will be anchored to the build¬ ing components 1 to form a so-called lost form. Figure 9b illustrates an arrangement which is a modification of the Figure 9a embodiment and in which the outer and inner walls 34' and 35' respectively exhibit instead mutually abut- ing surfaces 34'a and 35'a respectively which are straight instead of being inclined. The abutment surfaces abut mutually opposed side surfaces of the building component 1. In this embodiment, the outer and inner walls 34', 35' are anchored to respective building components 1 by means of ties 40.
The fact that the building component 1 exhibits a recess in the region of its central part facilitates concreting of the walls and ensures an improved end resul . Thu , .here is obtained a continuous concrete core along the whole of the wall.
As will be understood , instead of con¬ crete ,the space between the outer and inner walls 34, 35 and 34', 35' respectively can be filled with insulating material, thereby to obtain an unbroken insulation in the region of the building element 1, without thepresence of thermal bridges. Industrial Applicability As will be readily understood, the afore- described embodiments merely represent conceiv¬ able examples of the invention and how the in¬ vention can be put into practice in the erection of different building constructions. It will also be readily understood that the invention can be applied in a number of other ways and can be accorded a wide range of use within the build¬ ing technique.
In particular, the building component need not have the form illustrated in Figure 1, but can be modified in different ways, in which the two beam-parts 2 and 3 along given parts of the building component are joined together and/or form given angles with one another. It is essential with respect to the invention that the building component exhibits two reinforced beam- parts which are joined together by a rearwardly and forwardly extending wire-like means which forms a distance-reinforcement means and which exhibits those properties described above. It will be readily understood to one of normal skill in this art, however,- that different ypes of special members or elements designed for par-
OMPi ticular purposes can be produced and, indepen¬ dence upon the requirements set, given a form different to the basic form of the building com¬ ponent without departing from the basic concept of the invention.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. A beam-like building component comprising a first beam-part (2) provided with a longitu¬ dinally extending reinforcement (4) and made of a castable and curable material such as concrete, and a second beam-part (3) which extends at a distance from the first beam-part and which is joined to said first beam-part by means of a wire-like means (6) extending forwardly and rear¬ wardly between said beam-parts, characterized in that the second beam-part (3) also comprises a castable and curable material, such as concrete, and is provided with a longitudinally extending reinforcement (5); and in that the wire-like means (6) extending forwardly and rearwardly be- tween said beam-parts is joined to the longitu¬ dinally extending reinforcement of respective beam-parts to connect the beam-part together so as to form a lightweight, moment-rigid, load- absorbing unit provided with an integrated re- inforcement,
2. A building component according to Claim 1, characterized in that the two beam-parts (2,3) comprise of mutually the same curable material with portions connecting intermediate beam- parts.
3. A building component according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 , characterized in that at least one side of the beam-parts exhibits a longitudinally extending wooden strip (8) . hich is cast in its respective beam part or joined thereto in some other way, and which is intended to facilitate connection of said beam-part to a further building component, by means of nail or screw joints.
4. A building component according to any one of Claims 1 - 3 , characterized in that the side surfaces of the beam-parts (2, 3) and surfaces remote from one another are substantially planar.
5. A building component according to Claim 4, characterized in that the beam-parts (2, 3)- taper in a direction towards one another.
6.. A method of manufacturing a beam-like reinforced building component (1) comprising two mutually spaced and mutually parallel re¬ inforced beam-parts (2, 3) made of a curable and castable material, such as concrete, charac¬ terized by introducing into a form (10) provided with side and end bulkheads (13) and a central, up¬ wardly tapering form body (15) whose height corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the finished component, a reinforcement means (17) comprising a longitudinally extending re- inforcement (4, 5) for each beam-part and a re¬ inforcement wire-like means (6) which connects said beam-parts together and which extends for¬ wardly and rearwardly between said longitudin¬ ally extending reinforcements (4, 5); by then inserting into the form a similar, downwardly tapering form body (12) whose height corresponds approximately to half the thickness of the beam-member and which is anchored rela-
OMPI tive to the first form body, and by pouring concrete or some other harden- able material into the form, vibrating said concrete or material and permitting the same to set.
7. A method according to Claim 6 , charac¬ terized by placing the reinforcement means (17) on strips (16) of foamed plastic or like material on the lower form body (15) , the arrangement being such that said strips are compressed under the weight of the reinforce¬ ment means and the upper form body, to form a seal for the cast concrete or the like, so that the central part of the reinforcement means (17) is substantially free from concrete.
8. A method of erecting a building frame structure or building body structur , or a part of such a structure, with the use of beam-like building components (1) according to any one of Claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the' building components (1) are used both as vertical wall supports and horizontal load-carrying members , which are jpined together by means of screw joints (25); and in that the free space between the parts of the building components in the region of the central part of the reinforcement wire-like means (6) is utilized to facilitate the mounting of window frames and door frames (27; 28) or the like between said building com- ponents, or for passing electrical conduits, water lines, insulation' or the like therebetween.
9. A method according to Claim 8, charac¬ terized in that when screwing the building com- ponents together there is mounted thereto form sides (32; 34, 35), optionally in the form of pre-manufactured wall elements, and pouring concrete therebetween, the arrangement being such that concrete flows betv/een the beam-parts to form a substantially unbroken wall, in which the building components form so-called lost forms.
10. A method according to Claim 8 , charac- terized in that outer walls , insulation and inner walls are mounted to the building-frame structure or building-body structure erected from said building components, the insulation being passed through the space between parts of the building components, to form a substan¬ tially continuous insulation with the absence of thermal bridges along the wall.
11. A method according to any one of Claims 3 - 10, characterized in that screwed to the frame structure or body structure is a roof truss comprising mutually similar building components, the outer surfaces and inner sur¬ faces of which are provided with a covering of concrete elements. ' 12. A method according to Claim 8 in which there is used a building component (1) whose beam-parts (2, 3) taper towards one another, characterized by mounting between the building components (1) false-ceiling elements, flooring elements, false-floor elements or the like, provided with projection's (34a, 35a) having a sloping and/or abutment surface corresponding to the shape of the beam-parts (2, 3) at the point of contact therewith, the members and elements in question being held to the building components (1) by the force exerted against said building components (1), without the use of an externally located form or the like (Figure 9a) .
EP82900407A 1981-02-20 1982-02-05 A beam-like building component of curable material, a method of manufacturing such a building component, and a method for producing a frame or structure for a building or part of a building with the use of such building material Expired EP0072814B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82900407T ATE14465T1 (en) 1981-02-20 1982-02-05 BEAM-LIKE STRUCTURAL PART OF CURING MATERIAL; METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF SUCH COMPONENT, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE OF A FRAME OR FRAMEWORK FOR A STRUCTURE OR PART OF STRUCTURE USING SUCH MATERIAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8101136 1981-02-20
SE8101136A SE436213B (en) 1981-02-20 1981-02-20 BALK SIZE BUILDING ELEMENT

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0072814A1 true EP0072814A1 (en) 1983-03-02
EP0072814B1 EP0072814B1 (en) 1985-07-24

Family

ID=20343182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82900407A Expired EP0072814B1 (en) 1981-02-20 1982-02-05 A beam-like building component of curable material, a method of manufacturing such a building component, and a method for producing a frame or structure for a building or part of a building with the use of such building material

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0072814B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3264811D1 (en)
DK (1) DK466582A (en)
FI (1) FI70969C (en)
NO (1) NO823463L (en)
SE (1) SE436213B (en)
WO (1) WO1982002916A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE449887B (en) * 1983-12-20 1987-05-25 Axel Bert Roger Ericsson BEAM
EP0207074A1 (en) * 1985-01-02 1987-01-07 HOFMAN, Per Positioning member
SE501459C2 (en) * 1993-07-19 1995-02-20 George Wegler Device for beam storage
US7140158B2 (en) * 2004-07-06 2006-11-28 William Steadman Composite beam
RU178522U1 (en) * 2017-08-25 2018-04-06 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Юниклинкер" Precast monolithic overlap

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2112480A (en) * 1935-09-03 1938-03-29 Reynolds Corp Joist
DE812206C (en) * 1949-08-25 1951-08-27 Franz Dipl-Ing Wild Support for solid slabs that can be laid without formwork
DE816305C (en) * 1950-08-22 1951-10-08 Franz Dipl-Ing Wild Reinforced concrete ceiling beams
DE1683860B2 (en) * 1967-04-05 1974-12-12 Josef 7560 Gaggenau Kaletka Formwork for the serial production of at least one-sided open space cells made of concrete, such as prefabricated garages or the like
CH547927A (en) * 1971-12-08 1974-04-11 Vigarex Ets BEAM.
DE2213433A1 (en) * 1972-03-20 1973-10-04 August Nolte MOLDED CONCRETE FORMWORK
DE2356288A1 (en) * 1973-11-10 1975-05-15 Mannesmann Leichtbau Gmbh Precast concrete beam mould - with weight-relieved struts for shuttering and grids hinged to toggle levers
NL7705250A (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-11-16 Caledonian Moroccan Constr REINFORCED CONSTRUCTION WORK.
US4372093A (en) * 1978-12-19 1983-02-08 Frelena Ab Truss of lattice type
DE2929350A1 (en) * 1979-07-20 1981-02-12 Ulrich Dipl Ing Fiergolla Composite beams for building ceilings

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8202916A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI70969C (en) 1986-10-27
EP0072814B1 (en) 1985-07-24
NO823463L (en) 1982-10-18
DK466582A (en) 1982-10-20
FI823569A0 (en) 1982-10-19
DE3264811D1 (en) 1985-08-29
FI70969B (en) 1986-07-18
SE436213B (en) 1984-11-19
SE8101136L (en) 1982-08-21
WO1982002916A1 (en) 1982-09-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI241374B (en) Constructing the large-span self-braced buildings of composite load-bearing wall-panels and floors
US7523591B2 (en) Concrete panel construction system
JP2018520285A (en) Prefabricated column and beam type construction
KR100830240B1 (en) Method for hybridizing light-weight composite wall and concrete floor in light-weight composite structure using adapter
JP2915897B1 (en) Building construction method
EP0072814A1 (en) A beam-like building component of curable material, a method of manufacturing such a building component, and a method for producing a frame or structure for a building or part of a building with the use of such building material.
CN112832406B (en) Sleeving structure of assembled wall body and beam column
KR100860592B1 (en) Temporary system for vertical structure using precast concreat block
AU8008882A (en) A beam-like building component of curable material;a method of manufacturing such a building component; and a method for producing a frame or structure from such material
JPH03132532A (en) Construction method of precast reinforced concrete column and beam
JPH02300439A (en) Prefabricating method
RU2323307C2 (en) Construction method for double-sided mutually stressed reinforced concrete wall structure with heat-insulation voids
JP3408629B2 (en) Precast concrete foundation structure
CN110939216A (en) Plaster-free wall based on gypsum hollow building blocks
KR100557334B1 (en) A Dismonuting Stair Form
HRP20010056A2 (en) The flat-soffit large-span industrial building system
KR20200100730A (en) Removable floor structure
AU2002301430B2 (en) A building construction
JPH0380946B2 (en)
CN111411690B (en) Structure system capable of being assembled rapidly and construction method thereof
JPH07103620B2 (en) Construction method for steel structure
JPH06299718A (en) Construction of wall, floor in atomic power plant and wall slab thereof
JPS6335773B2 (en)
JP3312945B2 (en) Construction method of concrete structure
JP4520830B2 (en) Exterior wall panel construction method and exterior wall panel mounting structure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19830131

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 14465

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19850815

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3264811

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19850829

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19860228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19860228

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19860526

Year of fee payment: 5

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19870205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19870206

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19870228

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19870228

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: HOFMAN PER

Effective date: 19870228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19870901

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881028

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19881101

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19890205

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19890228

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 82900407.6

Effective date: 19880215

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Payment date: 19990524

Year of fee payment: 7