EP0058605B1 - Microémulsion de l'eau dans un combustible liquide - Google Patents
Microémulsion de l'eau dans un combustible liquide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0058605B1 EP0058605B1 EP82400233A EP82400233A EP0058605B1 EP 0058605 B1 EP0058605 B1 EP 0058605B1 EP 82400233 A EP82400233 A EP 82400233A EP 82400233 A EP82400233 A EP 82400233A EP 0058605 B1 EP0058605 B1 EP 0058605B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- microemulsion
- amine
- alkyl
- alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 229910003202 NH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 aliphatic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLIJVGBVSAMKFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-nonylphenoxy)acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(OCC(O)=O)=C1 MLIJVGBVSAMKFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NISAHDHKGPWBEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-nonylphenoxy)acetic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C=C1 NISAHDHKGPWBEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXXQLXHVUQRKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethanol;2-(4-dodecylphenoxy)acetic acid Chemical compound NCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCC(O)=O)C=C1 XXXQLXHVUQRKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZHUFNNOCYEPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-M [K+].C(CCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=C(OCC(=O)[O-])C=C1 Chemical compound [K+].C(CCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=C(OCC(=O)[O-])C=C1 IZHUFNNOCYEPDH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VSUFWLQIPCEEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=C(OCC(=O)[O-])C=C1 Chemical compound [NH4+].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=C(OCC(=O)[O-])C=C1 VSUFWLQIPCEEFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- AEJSJBXEWSXIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(4-dodecylphenoxy)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCC([O-])=O)C=C1 AEJSJBXEWSXIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZZASHWVOBIEFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(4-nonylphenoxy)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCC([O-])=O)C=C1 ZZASHWVOBIEFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YZNIKENUVICKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-(4-octylphenoxy)acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCC([O-])=O)C=C1 YZNIKENUVICKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/06—Protein or carboxylic compound containing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to microemulsions of water in liquid fuels, in particular hydrocarbons or mixtures of hydrocarbons with oxygenated organic compounds. It also includes the process for their preparation as well as the application of such microemulsions as fuels which can be used in particular in engines or burners.
- Microemulsions consisting of hydrocarbons with a lower proportion of water and possibly alcohols, are well known at the present time: many works have been devoted to the preparation of this type of systems, whose industrial interest is undeniable. . It is known, in fact, that a fuel containing water and alcohol, in the form of microemulsion, brings marked advantages over the fuel alone; used in an engine, it can in fact give rise to a much reduced formation of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in the gases formed. It can also improve the anti-detonating properties. Thus, the incorporation of water, and preferably also alcohol, into a liquid fuel, makes it possible to increase the rate of combustion and to attenuate the effects of pollution.
- HLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balance
- the present invention brings, in this way, an important improvement by the choice of an unforeseen surfactant compound, very different from all those found in the prior art, and which has the advantage of providing emulsions perfectly homogeneous, clear, isotropic, Newtonian and stable.
- the microemulsions according to the invention have the property of being independent of the order in which their constituents are introduced.
- the process according to the invention for the preparation of a microemulsion of water, optionally accompanied by another adjuvant, in particular alcohol, in a liquid fuel, in the presence of a surfactant is characterized in that that the surfactant is an alkylphenoxyalkanoate of a metal, of ammonium or of organic base of formula: in which at least one of the radicals R 1 and R 2 denotes an alkyl, linear or branched, which can contain 1 to 24 preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms; the second radical is hydrogen when a single radical is an alkyl; n is generally an integer from 1 to 6 and, most often, 1 or 2.
- the cation M is preferably monovalent, in particular Na, K, Li, NH 4 or RNH 3 where R is a hydrocarbon group, which can carry substituents, in particular hydroxyls.
- Typical surfactants which are very suitable for carrying out the invention, are alkylphenoxyacetates, the phenyl nucleus of which carries a relatively long alkyl, in particular in C 18 -C 18. These are, by way of nonlimiting examples : sodium p-octyl-phenoxyacetate, potassium p-decyl-phenoxyacetate, ammonium m-nonylphenoxyacetate, sodium dioctyl-3,5-phenoxyacetate, ammonium p-laurylphenoxyacetate, p-nonylphenoxyacetate of hexylamine, m- diethanolamine stearyl phenoxyacetate, etc. However, other corresponding alkanoates, for example alkyl phenoxy propionates or alkyl phenoxy butyrates, are also suitable.
- the surfactants according to the invention can be used alone or in admixture with other surfactants whose activity they enhance.
- microemulsions which are generally designated by the term co-surfactants, in particular such as alcohols and amines, are very compatible with the alkylphenoxyalkanoates used according to the invention.
- co-surfactants in particular such as alcohols and amines
- the excellent stability of microemulsions obtained, with alcohols as co-surfactants makes it possible, according to the invention, to have very stable fuels, containing water and alcohols, in a wide range of concentration.
- alcohols as co-surfactants constitutes a preferred form of the invention: in fact it has a double advantage; first of all alcohol being a fuel in itself, the co-surfactant is part of the combustible mixture; moreover, since the fuel is a microemulsion of water in a hydrocarbon, it is possible to use alcohols which are not completely dehydrated, which constitutes an advantage from an economic point of view, especially when it is known that in the case of Ethanol-water mixture in particular, there is an azeotrope which makes it difficult and expensive to extract the alcohol in its pure state.
- the composition of the microemulsion it is possible to adapt the composition of the microemulsion to the temperature range, where the microemulsion must remain stable (between - 20 ° and 100 ° C and particularly between -10 ° and + 20 ° C ), by adjusting the proportion and / or the nature of the phenoxyalkanoate.
- the process for the preparation of microemulsions, according to the invention, characterized in that the surfactant is an alkylphenoxyalkanoate, can be carried out in the manner known per se, that is to say by mixing adjuvants affected with liquid fuel. A slight agitation is enough to obtain a stable microemulsion.
- An advantage of this process is that the adjuvants can be mixed with the fuel in any order: thus one can first dissolve the surfactant in water, in the co-surfactant, or in a mixture of the two, and introduce the solution or dispersion obtained in the liquid fuel, with gentle and brief agitation. However, it is also possible to put these various additives directly into the fuel and to stir them just for the time necessary for homogenization.
- the stirring of the medium can be carried out by means of a paddle stirrer, rotating at about 20 to 100 rpm (peripheral speed of the order of 0.5 to 5 m / s ), for 1 to 10 minutes.
- Microemulsions of water with different co-surfactants were prepared by the above-mentioned method, in which water, previously mixed with the co-surfactant and the surfactant, according to the invention, was added to ordinary auto gasoline (fraction of oil boiling between 20 ° and 200 ° C). The operations related to 1 liter of gasoline which was agitated for 3 minutes, after the addition of the adjuvants.
- the table below indicates the proportions of the components in% of the total weight of microemulsion, the surfactant being sodium p-lauryl-phenoxyacetate. It can be seen that it is possible to vary the proportions of water and of co-surfactants within fairly wide limits, which are advantageous for practice.
- microemulsions 1 to 10 are homogeneous, clear, isotropic, Newtonian and stable at room temperature. Their viscosities are close to those of the gasoline used.
- Microemulsions of water or water and an adjuvant can contain from 1 to 10% of water, 1 to 27% of an alcohol or an amine, 1 to 10% of surfactant, and preferably 1 to 6%, microemulsified in a liquid fuel.
- the surfactant used was monoethanolamine p-lauryl-phenoxyacetate, that is to say that its cation was [NH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH] + .
- the emulsions of these examples are very stable and leave only very small proportions of carbon monoxide on combustion.
- sodium p-nonyl-phenoxyacetate was used as surfactant in an amount of 3.5% of the total.
- isobutanol and 9.5% water a perfectly stable emulsion was obtained, containing 85.7% gasoline.
- Example 1 we replace ordinary auto gasoline with light fuel oil, known under the name of “domestic fuel oil”.
- the stable microemulsion obtained is used in a central heating boiler burner.
- Example 6 The microemulsion of Example 6 is used to power an automobile engine with a capacity of 1,200 ml, at an average speed of 3,500 rpm.
- the fuel consumption is then 9.25 per 100 km (which corresponds to a consumption of 7.9 1 of petrol), the CO release being 6 g / km and that of NO, 0.4 g / km, while - under the same operating conditions - petrol alone leads to a consumption of 9.6 liters per 100 km, with a CO emission of 26 g / km and NO x of 1.6 g / km .
- microemulsified fuel comprises by weight 1 to 10% water, 1 to 27% alcohol and 1 to 6% surfactant, the rest being liquid fuel.
- the invention also comprises, as new surfactants, the alkyl-phenoxy-alkanoates of a metal, of ammonium or of organic base of general formula in which R 1 , R 2 , n, M have meanings given during the description.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8103084 | 1981-02-17 | ||
| FR8103084A FR2500006A1 (fr) | 1981-02-17 | 1981-02-17 | Microemulsion de l'eau dans un combustible liquide |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0058605A2 EP0058605A2 (fr) | 1982-08-25 |
| EP0058605A3 EP0058605A3 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| EP0058605B1 true EP0058605B1 (fr) | 1986-08-27 |
Family
ID=9255292
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP82400233A Expired EP0058605B1 (fr) | 1981-02-17 | 1982-02-10 | Microémulsion de l'eau dans un combustible liquide |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USRE36983E (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 2000-12-12 | Petroferm Inc. | Pre-atomized fuels and process for producing same |
| JPS60166389A (ja) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-08-29 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | 燃料油用流動性向上剤 |
| US4666457A (en) * | 1984-09-24 | 1987-05-19 | Petroleum Fermentations N.V. | Method for reducing emissions utilizing pre-atomized fuels |
| DE3525124A1 (de) * | 1985-07-13 | 1987-01-15 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Kraftstoffe und heizoele und verwendung eines emulgatorsystems zur herstellung dieser kraftstoffe und heizoele |
| US4744796A (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 1988-05-17 | Arco Chemical Company | Microemulsion fuel system |
| US4907368A (en) * | 1987-11-23 | 1990-03-13 | Atlas Powder Company | Stable fluid systems for preparing high density explosive compositions |
| IT1229787B (it) * | 1989-05-26 | 1991-09-11 | Eniricerche Spa | Composizione ibrida di carburante diesel. |
| US5480583A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1996-01-02 | Intevep, S.A. | Emulsion of viscous hydrocarbon in aqueous buffer solution and method for preparing same |
| JPH06322382A (ja) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-11-22 | Kao Corp | 重質油エマルジョン燃料組成物 |
| US5992354A (en) * | 1993-07-02 | 1999-11-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Combustion of nanopartitioned fuel |
| DE10334897A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-03-10 | Univ Koeln | Mikroemulsionen und deren Verwendung als Kraftstoff |
| EP1816314B1 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2010-12-15 | Diamond QC Technologies Inc. | Carbon dioxide enriched flue gas injection for hydrocarbon recovery |
| EP2145940A1 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-20 | Bp Oil International Limited | Use and vehicle |
| EP2253692A1 (de) | 2009-05-19 | 2010-11-24 | Universität zu Köln | Biohydrofuel-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102009048223A1 (de) | 2009-10-05 | 2011-06-16 | Fachhochschule Trier | Verfahren zur In-Situ-Herstellung von Treibstoff-Wasser-Gemischen in Verbrennungsmotoren |
| DE202011107729U1 (de) | 2011-11-11 | 2012-01-12 | Elmar Vitt | Herstellung und Stabilisierung von Wasser-Öl-Emulsionen durch Elektroosmose |
| DE102014225815A1 (de) | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-16 | Fachhochschule Trier | In-situ-Herstellung von Treibstoff-Wasser-Gemischen in Verbrennungsmotoren |
| DE202015003014U1 (de) | 2015-04-26 | 2015-05-28 | Elmar Vitt | Vorrichtung zur indirekten Nutzung von Wasser-Öl-Emulsionen in Fahrzeugen und anderen externen Nutzern |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2110847A (en) * | 1937-06-21 | 1938-03-08 | Tret O Lite Company | Process for breaking petroleum emulsions |
| US2370256A (en) * | 1940-01-09 | 1945-02-27 | Joseph B Niederl | Alkylated phenolic glycolic acids |
| US3630953A (en) * | 1968-01-02 | 1971-12-28 | Chevron Res | Tailored surfactants for use in forming oil-in-water emulsions of waxy crude oil |
| US3876391A (en) * | 1969-02-28 | 1975-04-08 | Texaco Inc | Process of preparing novel micro emulsions |
| US4002435A (en) * | 1971-11-17 | 1977-01-11 | Wenzel Edward C | Clear and stable liquid fuel compositions for internal combustion engines |
| US4046519A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1977-09-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Novel microemulsions |
| FR2468402B2 (fr) * | 1978-11-13 | 1983-11-04 | Elf Aquitaine | Microemulsions aqueuses de substances organiques |
| DE2854540A1 (de) * | 1978-12-16 | 1980-06-26 | Bayer Ag | Kraftstoffe |
-
1981
- 1981-02-17 FR FR8103084A patent/FR2500006A1/fr active Granted
-
1982
- 1982-02-10 EP EP82400233A patent/EP0058605B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-02-10 DE DE8282400233T patent/DE3272796D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-02-10 US US06/347,589 patent/US4465494A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-02-16 DK DK066682A patent/DK150545C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-02-16 CA CA000396366A patent/CA1197523A/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-02-16 BR BR8200826A patent/BR8200826A/pt unknown
- 1982-02-17 ES ES509675A patent/ES509675A0/es active Granted
- 1982-02-17 JP JP57022913A patent/JPS57153089A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4465494A (en) | 1984-08-14 |
| DK150545B (da) | 1987-03-23 |
| FR2500006A1 (fr) | 1982-08-20 |
| ES8307284A1 (es) | 1983-07-01 |
| BR8200826A (pt) | 1982-12-28 |
| DE3272796D1 (en) | 1986-10-02 |
| CA1197523A (fr) | 1985-12-03 |
| DK66682A (da) | 1982-08-18 |
| FR2500006B1 (US06387944-20020514-C00002.png) | 1983-03-25 |
| EP0058605A2 (fr) | 1982-08-25 |
| ES509675A0 (es) | 1983-07-01 |
| EP0058605A3 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
| DK150545C (da) | 1987-10-19 |
| JPS57153089A (en) | 1982-09-21 |
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