EP0057747B1 - Brûleur pour la combustion de combustibles pulvérulents - Google Patents

Brûleur pour la combustion de combustibles pulvérulents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0057747B1
EP0057747B1 EP81108054A EP81108054A EP0057747B1 EP 0057747 B1 EP0057747 B1 EP 0057747B1 EP 81108054 A EP81108054 A EP 81108054A EP 81108054 A EP81108054 A EP 81108054A EP 0057747 B1 EP0057747 B1 EP 0057747B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
duct
outlet
burner according
annular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81108054A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0057747A2 (fr
EP0057747A3 (en
Inventor
Joachim Kümmel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0057747A2 publication Critical patent/EP0057747A2/fr
Publication of EP0057747A3 publication Critical patent/EP0057747A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0057747B1 publication Critical patent/EP0057747B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for the combustion of dusty fuels with a central channel for the supply of a core air jet with an essentially annular primary air outlet, with a jacket channel for the supply of secondary air with an annular secondary air outlet surrounding the primary air outlet and with a fuel channel for the supply of the fuel an annular fuel outlet arranged between the primary and secondary air outlet, at least one of the two circumferential walls of the fuel outlet being rotatable and driven, and furthermore the core air jet being directed at least partially outward against the fuel and the fuel being acted on by secondary air.
  • GB-A-528 018 shows a burner which is primarily intended for the combustion of oil fuels. However, it is also considered suitable for the use of other fuels, for example dust-like fuels.
  • the burner has a central duct for the supply of core air with an annular primary air outlet which is directed slightly outwards.
  • the central channel is surrounded by a fuel channel through which the respective fuel is supplied.
  • the fuel outlet is also ring-shaped, the inner wall of the fuel outlet simultaneously forming the outer wall of the central channel.
  • the outer wall of the fuel outlet is cup-shaped and protrudes beyond the primary air outlet.
  • the primary air outlet and fuel outlet are practically parallel.
  • the fuel channel and fuel outlet are surrounded by a jacket channel for the supply of secondary air.
  • the jacket channel is divided into two ring channels, the inner ring channel being formed on the inside by the rotatable outer wall of the fuel channel and on the outside by a conically widening ring wall. This in turn forms the inner wall of the outer ring channel, the outlet for the outer ring channel opening far before the primary air outlet or fuel outlet.
  • the inner ring channel is so narrow that the vast majority of the secondary air escapes through the outer ring channel.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a burner of the type mentioned in such a way that it is also suitable for small power ranges, has a large control range and is insensitive to a wide coal dust band.
  • this object is achieved in that the core air jet at the primary air outlet is directed essentially radially to the mouth of the fuel outlet and onto the secondary air outlet.
  • the fuel is immediately deflected outwards by the core air jet after it has emerged and thus reaches the area of the secondary air outlet in the shortest possible way. This creates an intensive mixing of the fuel with the primary air and then with the secondary air. This provides enough oxygen to maintain the combustion of the outgassed coal particles. The path is so short that the flame, once started, does not go out. It has been shown that the burner is also suitable for small output ranges well below 5 Gcal / h, especially for the output range of 0.3 to 3.5 Gcal / h and has a large control range. So that with this burner opened up a new performance range for dusty fuels.
  • Another advantage of the burner according to the invention is the enlargement of the control range, which is now approximately 25% to 100%. Again, the burner is much less sensitive to a wide range of fuel dust so that mixed bed dust can also be used.
  • the fine and ultra-fine dust content is carried out of the ring nozzle with the carrier air, while the larger particles slide to the outlet due to the rotating movement of the part of the ring nozzle in question.
  • the sliding of the dust grains towards the fuel outlet is promoted by the conically widening design of the diameter of the ring nozzle.
  • This conical widening should be the same, preferably smaller than the angle of repose of the fuel in question, in order to avoid erosions and agglomerations.
  • the fuel channel should have an S-shaped cross section in the area of the ring nozzle.
  • the overall cross-section should initially widen in the area of the S-shaped course and narrow again towards the ring nozzle. This measure brings about a comparison of the fuel flow over the circumference.
  • the central channel runs out against a shielding plate to form an annular gap which opens before the exit of the ring nozzle. Since this shielding plate is very hot due to the temperatures prevailing in the combustion chamber, the core air can heat up there, which favors the initial ignition of the fuel. In addition, a deflection in the radial direction to the exit of the fuel at the ring nozzle is thereby easily achieved.
  • the core air should expediently emerge from the annular gap at approximately 20 to 100 m / s in order to achieve intensive mixing with the escaping fuel and a deflection into the secondary air flow, which likewise contributes to the mixing.
  • the mixing power achieved in this way from the three mixing pulses acting at an angle to one another is essentially load-independent.
  • the core air jet also forms a load-independent backfire shield to protect against cup fire.
  • a large number of small bores are provided in it, from which a small part of the core air can escape. These holes can be arranged at an angle in the edge area in order to compensate for the falling air pressure in the area of the exit from the annular gap.
  • gap nozzles can emanate from the central channel, in particular in the area of the annular gap, which open into the fuel channel, possibly into the middle of its S-shaped course. As a result, the fuel dust flow is evened out before entering the ring nozzle.
  • preheating should be provided.
  • This can consist, for example, of an electrical heat exchanger, the electrical connection power of which does not exceed a value of 2% of the burner output even with low-volatile coal as fuel.
  • This corresponds to the relatively small proportion of core air here, which expediently represents 10% to 15% of the total amount of combustion air.
  • Additional ignition stabilization can also be achieved by mixing the core air with steam. This steam accelerates the fuel gasification in such a way that lower temperatures are sufficient for preheating, so the heating power required for this can be reduced.
  • vibration generators can be provided in the central channel and / or in the jacket channel, which set the core air and / or the secondary air into gas dynamic vibrations before they exit.
  • These vibration generators can be designed as annular spaces surrounding the respective channel, which are connected to the respective channel via a coordinated annular gap.
  • Other embodiments for impressing a gas dynamic vibration are also possible.
  • guide vanes can also be arranged to impart a swirl.
  • a swirl contributes to the intensification of the external and internal hot gas recirculation and thereby increases the supply of ignition energy. This in turn reduces the need for preheating the core air.
  • the invention provides that an intermediate channel is provided between the fuel channel and the jacket channel. This can be supplied with cooling air during normal burner operation and with ignition gas during start-up, with a throughput that is adequate for the burner heat output for the fuel used.
  • the coal dust burner 1 shown in FIG. 1 is inserted as a whole into a conically expanding burner sleeve 2. It has an outer jacket 3, in which a jacket tube 4 is arranged at a distance from this.
  • a central tube 10 surrounding a central channel 9 and a fuel tube 11, which surrounds the central tube 10 to form an annular fuel channel 12, are arranged coaxially with the outer jacket 3 and the jacket tube 4. If necessary, heated core air 13 is conveyed via the central duct 9 and a coal dust / air mixture 14 is conveyed via the fuel duct 12.
  • the central tube 10 ends at a distance from a shielding plate 15, which on the one hand serves as protection against the heat caused by the flame and the recirculation and on the other hand redirects the core air jet 13 radially outward.
  • the core air 13 then emerges laterally from an annular gap 16.
  • the shielding plate 15 has a multiplicity of small bores 17, from which a small part of the core air 13 can flow out. In this way, the slag particles arriving there during the recirculation are cooled down to such an extent that they cannot get stuck on the shielding plate 15.
  • the fuel pipe 11 is surrounded by a drive shaft 18, which - which is not shown here - is rotatably supported and driven by an electric motor.
  • a cup 19 is fastened, which is cylindrical in the lower area and widens conically in the upper area.
  • the drive shaft 18 continues through the attachment of the cup 19 upwards.
  • a conical body 21 is arranged around this collar 20, the conical surface 22 of which, together with the conically widening region of the cup 19, forms an annular nozzle 23.
  • the fuel channel 12 receives a deflection which is S-shaped in cross section through the collar 20 or cone body 21 and the extension of the fuel tube 11 or the drive shaft 18. Coal dust settles in the pockets 24, 25 of the deflection, so that the deflection is evened out and the pockets 24, 25 are protected against erosion.
  • a slot-shaped passage 26 is kept open for a small part of the core air 13. This part of the core air 13 contributes to the coal dust being able to emerge from the ring nozzle 23 in a uniform density.
  • coal dust When operating the coal dust burner 1, coal dust is introduced into the combustion chamber via the fuel channel 12, its S-shaped deflection and the ring nozzle 23. Since this coal dust burner 1 is intended in particular for low heating outputs, the outflow speed must be relatively low, for example 3 to 8 m / s, since otherwise the flame would detach from the burner and be carried away.
  • the emerging coal dust is immediately detected by the core air 13 emerging from the annular gap 16 at speeds between 20 to 100 m / s and pressed into the region of the secondary air 7, 8 which flows out via the jacket channels 5, 6.
  • a swirl supporting the inner and outer hot gas recirculation is impressed on the secondary air portion 8 emerging from the jacket channel 6 via guide vanes 27, 28, the burner sleeve 2 stabilizing the flame.
  • the core air 13 is heated in such a way that it initiates the initial ignition, together with the radiant heat from the flame and the hot gas recirculation.
  • the heating can be done by electric heating up to 350 ° C.
  • the core air 13 is additionally heated on the shielding plate 15.
  • the rotating cup 19 reliably prevents blockages in the S-shaped deflection and the ring nozzle 23 due to the shear forces in the circumferential direction. Furthermore, it ensures sufficient heat transfer into the coal dust to prevent reignition despite the low exit speed of the coal dust.
  • FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a coal dust burner 29. In the illustration shown, it is also inserted into a burner muffle 30, the conical design of which serves to stabilize the flame.
  • only one jacket channel 31 is provided, which is formed by an outer jacket 32 and by a jacket tube 33.
  • guide vanes 34, 35 are provided at the outlet of the jacket channel 31 in order to impart a swirl to the secondary air 36 flowing out there in order to support the recirculation.
  • a central tube 38 surrounding a central channel 37 and a fuel tube 39, which surrounds the central tube 38 to form an annular fuel channel 40, are arranged coaxially with the outer jacket 32 and jacket tube 33.
  • the core air 41 enters the central duct 37 and a carbon-air mixture 42 enters the combustion chamber via the fuel duct 40.
  • the central tube 38 ends - as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 - at a distance from a shielding plate 43.
  • the core air 41 becomes is diverted radially outward through this shielding plate 43 and then emerges laterally from an annular gap 44.
  • the shielding plate 43 also has a large number of small bores 45 from which a small part of the core air 41 can flow out for the purpose of avoiding slag deposits.
  • the fuel pipe 39 is surrounded by a drive shaft 46, which here is rotatably supported and driven by an electric motor.
  • the upper end of the drive shaft 46 is formed into a cup 47 which widens conically towards the outside and has an annular web 48 on the inside, as a result of which an annular groove 49 is formed.
  • a collar 50 formed onto the central tube 38 and bent downward in a U-shape, projects into the annular groove 49.
  • a hollow conical body 51 is arranged around this collar 50, the conical surface 52 of which, together with the cup 47, form an annular nozzle 53.
  • the fuel channel 40 receives a deflection which is S-shaped in cross section through the collar 50 and the annular groove 49.
  • a slot-shaped passage 54 is kept free for a small part of the core air 41. It has the same task as the passage 26 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the hollow interior 55 of the cone body 51 is connected to the annular gap 44 via slot nozzles 56.
  • the same goal is served by a vibration generator for the secondary air 36, which consists of an annular channel 57 placed around the outer jacket 32, which is connected to the jacket channel 31 by a circumferential slot nozzle 58. In this way, the secondary air 36 is set in low-frequency vibrations.
  • An intermediate tube 59 is arranged between the drive shaft 46 and the jacket tube 33, which includes a cooling channel 60 with the jacket tube 33. Cooling air 61 can be passed through it in order to cool the bearings of the drive shaft 46, which are not shown here. In the starting phase, instead of the cooling air 61, pilot gas is passed through, which emerges via the ring opening 62 and is ignited there.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Brûleur (1, 29) pour la combustion de combustibles pulvérulents, comprenant un canal central (9, 37) pour l'amenée d'un jet d'air central (13, 41) avec une sortie essentiellement annulaire d'air primaire, un canal d'enveloppe (5, 6 ; 31) pour l'amenée d'air secondaire (7, 8 ; 36) avec une sortie d'air secondaire annulaire entourant la sortie d'air primaire, ainsi qu'un canal de combustible (12, 40) pour l'amenée du combustible avec une sortie de combustible annulaire (23, 53) disposée entre les sorties d'air primaire et d'air secondaire, l'une au moins des deux parois périphériques (19, 47) de la sortie de combustible (23, 53) étant rotative et entraînée et, de plus, le jet d'air central (13, 41) étant dirigé au moins partiellement vers l'extérieur contre le combustible et le combustible étant chargé d'air secondaire (7, 8 ; 36), caractérisé en ce que le jet d'air central (13,41), à la sortie d'air primaire, est dirigé essentiellement dans le sens radial vers l'embouchure de la sortie de combustible (23, 53) et sur la sortie d'air secondaire.
2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le combustible sort à des vitesses comprises entre 3 et 8 m/s.
3. Brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la buse annulaire (23, 53) possède un diamètre augmentant coniquement.
4. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le canal de combustible (12, 40) possède en section transversale une allure en forme de S sans la région de la buse annulaire, la section droite totale dans la région à allure en S augmentant de préférence au début et diminuant ensuite en direction de la buse annulaire (23, 53).
5. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le canal central aboutit sur une plaque-écran (15, 43) pour la formation d'une fente annulaire (16, 44) débouchant devant la sortie de la buse annulaire (23, 53).
6. Brûleur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la plaque-écran (15, 43) présente de petits orifices (17, 45) pour la sortie d'une faible partie de l'air central (13, 41
7. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que des buses en fente (26, 54) s'étendent du canal central (9, 37) dans le canal de combustible (12, 40), éventuellement dans le milieu de sa portion en S.
8. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le jet d'air central (13, 41) est préchauffé pour produire un allumage d'amorçage du combustible, éventuellement par un échangeur de chaleur électrique dont la puissance absorbée ne dépasse pas 2 % de la puissance du brûleur, même avec du charbon à faible teneur en matières volatiles comme combustible.
9. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le canal central (9, 37) et/ou le canal d'enveloppe (5, 6 ; 31) est ou sont pourvu(s) d'un générateur de vibrations, qui est réalisé de préférence comme un espace annulaire (55, 57) entourant le canal concerné (12, 40 ; 5, 6, 31) et communiquant avec lui à travers une fente annulaire (56, 58) adaptée en conséquence.
10. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un canal intermédiaire (60) pour l'amenée d'air de refroidissement et/ou de gaz d'allumage est prévu entre le canal de combustible (12, 40) et le canal d'enveloppe (5, 6 ; 31
11. Brûleur selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que des aubes (27, 28 ; 34, 35) sont disposées à la sortie du canal d'enveloppe (5, 6 ; 31) pour conférer une rotation aux gaz sortants.
EP81108054A 1981-02-06 1981-10-08 Brûleur pour la combustion de combustibles pulvérulents Expired EP0057747B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813104054 DE3104054A1 (de) 1981-02-06 1981-02-06 Brenner zur verbrennung von staubfoermigen brennstoffen
DE3104054 1981-02-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0057747A2 EP0057747A2 (fr) 1982-08-18
EP0057747A3 EP0057747A3 (en) 1982-11-10
EP0057747B1 true EP0057747B1 (fr) 1985-10-09

Family

ID=6124162

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81108054A Expired EP0057747B1 (fr) 1981-02-06 1981-10-08 Brûleur pour la combustion de combustibles pulvérulents

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4457695A (fr)
EP (1) EP0057747B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57150708A (fr)
DE (2) DE3104054A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4550563A (en) * 1979-11-23 1985-11-05 Marchand William C Gas turbine combustion system utilizing renewable and non-critical solid fuels with residue remover to minimize environmental pollution
US4569295A (en) * 1983-01-18 1986-02-11 Stubinen Utveckling Ab Process and a means for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, turf or the like, in pulverized form
SE8306652D0 (sv) * 1983-12-02 1983-12-02 Insako Kb Method and apparatus for activating large
US4604052A (en) * 1985-04-29 1986-08-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Dual-water mixture fuel burner
DE3541616A1 (de) * 1985-11-25 1987-05-27 Krupp Polysius Ag Brenner fuer pulverfoermigen brennstoff
US4628832A (en) * 1986-01-29 1986-12-16 Coen Company, Inc. Dual fuel pilot burner for a furnace
US4690074A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-09-01 Norton Charles L Coal combustion system
US5803372A (en) * 1997-04-03 1998-09-08 Asahi Sunac Corporation Hand held rotary atomizer spray gun
GB2325729A (en) * 1997-05-29 1998-12-02 Rolls Royce Power Eng A burner
DE102008036058B4 (de) * 2008-08-01 2013-04-18 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Anfahren von mit Brennstaub betriebenen Vergasungsreaktoren
US20120003595A1 (en) * 2009-09-29 2012-01-05 Honeywell International Inc. High turn down low nox burner

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US1887015A (en) * 1928-04-13 1932-11-08 Buell Comb Company Ltd Means for the combustion of pulverized fuel
US1728011A (en) * 1928-06-15 1929-09-10 John N M Shimer Centrifugal fluid-fuel burner
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CH187974A (de) * 1936-02-06 1936-12-15 Surber Hans Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen von Öl.
GB528018A (en) * 1938-04-26 1940-10-21 Attilio Perretti Burner for oil and other fuel
US2457067A (en) * 1938-04-26 1948-12-21 Perretti Attilio Atomizing oil burner
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DE1145736B (de) * 1956-07-03 1963-03-21 Babcock & Wilcox France Einrichtung zur Verbesserung der Verbrennung fluessiger oder staub-foermiger Brennstoffe
DE1551936A1 (de) * 1967-07-12 1970-03-19 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Brenner fuer fluessige oder fliessfaehige Brennstoffe
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US4113416A (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-09-12 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Rotary burner
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JPS55134212A (en) 1979-04-05 1980-10-18 Babcock Hitachi Kk Burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3104054A1 (de) 1982-08-12
US4457695A (en) 1984-07-03
DE3172621D1 (en) 1985-11-14
JPS57150708A (en) 1982-09-17
EP0057747A2 (fr) 1982-08-18
EP0057747A3 (en) 1982-11-10

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