EP0543323B1 - Brûleur pour fours industriels - Google Patents

Brûleur pour fours industriels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543323B1
EP0543323B1 EP92119603A EP92119603A EP0543323B1 EP 0543323 B1 EP0543323 B1 EP 0543323B1 EP 92119603 A EP92119603 A EP 92119603A EP 92119603 A EP92119603 A EP 92119603A EP 0543323 B1 EP0543323 B1 EP 0543323B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
chamber
combustion chamber
gas
ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92119603A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0543323A3 (en
EP0543323A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Harbeck
Rudolf Distl
Theo Wörner
Karl Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Original Assignee
Aichelin GmbH Germany
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aichelin GmbH Germany filed Critical Aichelin GmbH Germany
Publication of EP0543323A2 publication Critical patent/EP0543323A2/fr
Publication of EP0543323A3 publication Critical patent/EP0543323A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0543323B1 publication Critical patent/EP0543323B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/03005—Burners with an internal combustion chamber, e.g. for obtaining an increased heat release, a high speed jet flame or being used for starting the combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for industrial furnaces with a combustion chamber in which a mixture of fuel gas and burner air is burned and from which a flame is directed into the furnace chamber, the combustion chamber being formed by a burner tube which is tapered at an outlet end and in which a radial plate is spaced from the tapered end.
  • a burner of the type mentioned above is known from EP-A-0 164 576.
  • the combustion chamber is designed as a short piece of pipe which is tapered at the end on the combustion chamber side and has an opening for the flame to exit, while the end of the combustion chamber facing away from the combustion chamber side is formed by a radial plate which is on the inner end face of the pipe is put on.
  • Openings are made in the radial plate on a circumference of the same, which allow burner air to enter the combustion chamber.
  • a tubular gas lance is led through a central opening in the plate into the interior of the combustion chamber.
  • the gas lance extends into the outside of the industrial furnace and is charged with fuel gas there.
  • the burner air already mentioned is fed to the rear of the radial plate via an interior of a recuperator arrangement.
  • the burner air supplied in this way is divided into two partial flows in the area of the radial plate mentioned, one partial flow of which enters the combustion chamber through the radial plate, while the other partial flow flows axially past the combustion chamber and at the front end of the combustion chamber as Secondary air is added to the flame.
  • a nozzle holder is provided, which holds the combustion chamber in a ring around the front opening, by means of elastic bracing.
  • the gas lance is provided with an electrode extending coaxially through it, which extends into the combustion chamber and is used there for igniting an air / gas mixture when the burner is started up.
  • the known burner therefore has the following disadvantages: Because the combustion chamber consists of only a short piece of pipe, which is closed on the inside via the radial plate, the volume of the combustion chamber cannot be changed. Different burners are therefore required for different burner capacities and possibly also for different operating conditions, the construction of which must be adapted to the desired combustion chamber volume.
  • the arrangement of the ignition electrode in the combustion chamber has the disadvantage that an unfavorable gas / air mixture is always present in the combustion chamber in connection with the air routing of the burner air when the burner is started up. If a part of the burner air is led past the combustion chamber as secondary air and, for example, only 70% of the supplied burner air reaches the combustion chamber, this can lead to ignition problems when the burner is cold started. Although attempts have been made to solve this problem, which is known per se, by supplying less gas to start the burner so that the gas / air mixture in the combustion chamber is optimized for ignition, this trick requires additional effort in controlling the burner , especially when starting up, and complicates automated operation.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a burner of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned above are avoided.
  • the aim of the invention is to ensure that the burner does not need to be structurally changed for a large number of applications, in particular for services, that the combustion chamber is easily accessible and that cold start difficulties are avoided.
  • a burner of the type mentioned is a separate from the combustion chamber ignition chamber is provided in which a predetermined mixture of fuel gas and burner air is adjustable, and that the ignition chamber is formed as part of the plate.
  • the combustion chamber is formed by a burner tube, within which an ignition chamber is provided, in which a separate gas / air mixture is generated, which causes a continuous and reliable ignition of the burner by a defined spark gap.
  • a structurally simple structure and a reliable metering of the gas / air mixture in the ignition chamber, which does not change even during continuous operation of the burner, is made possible by the formation of the ignition chamber as part of the radial plate at a distance from the tapered end of the burner tube.
  • the determining elements (bores, annular gaps and the like) cannot be changed as part of the plate. Nevertheless, the size of the combustion chamber and thus the operational output of the burner can easily be changed by changing the distance from the radial plate to the outlet end.
  • the plate is arranged at the inner end of a tubular gas lance, and burner air is guided to the inner end of the gas lance, which passes through openings in the plate
  • the plate has a cavity, wherein the gas lance is connected to the cavity and the cavity has a first bore leading to the combustion chamber and a second bore leading to the ignition chamber and finally one of the openings through which burner air flows leads to the ignition chamber.
  • This measure also has the advantage already mentioned that the setting of the gas / air mixture in the ignition chamber is fixed even in long-term operation and only a simple dimensioning of the gas passages is necessary in order to clearly define this mixture.
  • the ignition chamber has a peripheral edge which surrounds an ignition electrode and is arranged downstream of the second bore.
  • This measure has the advantage that a defined spark gap arises because a center electrode interacts with the sharp, circumferential edge and sparks are distributed in a radial plane and penetrate the entire flow cross section of the gas / air mixture through the ignition chamber.
  • the ignition chamber is designed to widen downstream.
  • This measure has the advantage that the flow velocity of the gas / air mixture is weakened in the region of Ignition chamber is created by widening the cross section in the ignition area.
  • 10 designates a burner as it is used for industrial furnaces, for example for the diffusion heat treatment of metallic workpieces.
  • the burner 10 is inserted into an outer surface 11 of an industrial furnace, not shown.
  • the burner 10 passes through a furnace wall 12 by being placed on the outer surface 11 with a fastening flange 13 and being screwed there, for example.
  • the burner 10 projects at its lower end in FIG. 1 over an inner surface 14 of the furnace wall 12 and thus projects into an furnace chamber 15.
  • the feeders and control units of the burner 10, however, are arranged in an outer space 16 outside the furnace wall 12.
  • the burner 10 is provided with a total of four media inlets and outlets.
  • the burner 10 is supplied with fuel gas 20, burner air 21 and purge air 22, while exhaust gas 23 is removed from the burner 10.
  • the burner 10 is essentially coaxial in its functional components.
  • the burner 10 thus preferably has an outer recuperator wall 30 and an inner recuperator tube 31.
  • the inner recuperator tube 31 in turn encloses a burner tube 32, which is preferably made of a ceramic.
  • a tubular gas lance 33 is located in the center, that is, in the longitudinal axis of the burner 10.
  • a first, hollow-cylindrical intermediate space 34 is thus formed between the outer recuperator wall 30 and the inner recuperator tube 31, through which the exhaust gas is discharged.
  • a second hollow cylindrical intermediate space 35 between the inner recuperator tube 31 and the burner tube 32 serves for supplying burner air, while a third, also essentially hollow cylindrical intermediate space 36 between the burner tube 32 and the gas lance 33 once also for guiding burner air, but also for receiving an electrode, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the gas lance 33 has an interior 37 through which burner gas or a mixture of burner gas and purge air can be supplied.
  • the outer recuperator wall 30 extends up to an inner side 40 of the flange 13.
  • the inner recuperator tube 31 is provided with a plurality of radial heat transfer plates 41, which are in the first intermediate space 34 on the one hand and in the second intermediate space on the other hand 35 protrude and are connected to the inner recuperator tube 31 in a heat-conducting manner.
  • the inner recuperator tube 31 runs axially further upward in FIG. 1 than the outer recuperator wall 30.
  • the inner recuperator tube 31 is held gas-tight in a first intermediate flange 42 of the flange 13 at its upper end in FIG. 1.
  • an annular space 43 is formed between the first intermediate flange 42 and the inside 40 of the flange 13, which is connected to an exhaust pipe 44.
  • the annular space 43 serves to receive and collect the exhaust gases discharged in the first intermediate space 34 and to transfer them to the exhaust pipe 44.
  • the burner tube 32 projects axially further upward in FIG. 1 than the inner recuperator tube 31.
  • the burner tube 32 is provided at the top in FIG. 1 with an outwardly bent end 48 which thus forms an annular shoulder.
  • the folded end 48 lies over an elastic seal 49, for example one O-ring, on a second intermediate flange 51 of the flange 13.
  • the folded end 48 is pressed by means of a spring ring 50 in which a cover 52 is screwed onto the flange 13 from above.
  • the spring ring 50 is only indicated very schematically, it can be formed, for example, by a metal ring which is supported by several individual springs against the cover 52 and thus presses the folded end 48 against the elastic seal 49 and thus the second intermediate flange 51. As a result, the burner tube 32 is thus clamped only at its upper end, namely elastically.
  • annular space 54 which is provided with an inlet 55 for the burner air 21.
  • the burner air 21 can thus flow via the inlet 55 and the annular space 54 into the second intermediate space 35 between the inner recuperator tube 31 and the burner tube 32.
  • the burner tube 32 is tapered at its lower end, which projects into the furnace chamber 15, as can be seen particularly clearly from FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a channel 60 is formed in the cover 52 and is connected to the upper end of the gas lance 33.
  • the channel 60 divides outwards into two subchannels, one of which forms an inlet 61 for the fuel gas 20 and the other an inlet 62 for the purge air 22.
  • a plate 65 which extends radially in the burner tube 32 and thus forms an upper end wall for a combustion chamber 66.
  • the combustion chamber 66 thus extends at the lower end of the burner tube 32 from the radial plate 65 to the tapered end 56.
  • An electrode 67 is arranged axially in the third space 36 between the burner tube 32 and the gas lance 33.
  • the lower end of the electrode 67 opens into an ignition chamber 68, which forms an integral part of the plate 65.
  • connection 70 leads on the one hand to an ignition device 71 and on the other hand to an ion current measuring device 72.
  • An arrow 74 indicates that the cover 52 can be removed from the flange 13, together with the gas lance 33 and the plate 65 attached to it, and the electrode 67. After the cover 52 has been removed, the spring ring 50 can be removed and the burner tube 32 are pulled out.
  • the arrow 74 is intended to indicate that gas lances 33 or electrodes 67 of different lengths can be attached to the cover 52 or that even the length of the gas lance 33 and the electrode 67 can be continuously adjusted, for example by means of telescopic arrangements, gas-tight bushings and the like more.
  • An arrow 80 indicates that fuel gas 20 flows into the channel 60 via the inlet 61.
  • the arrow 81 indicates that purging air 22 can be admixed to the fuel gas 20 in the channel 60 via the inlet 62.
  • the gas / air mixture now flows down the channel 60 in the direction of arrow 82 into the interior 37 of the gas lance 33 in FIG. 1, as with an arrow 83 indicated.
  • the gas / air mixture enters the combustion chamber 66, as indicated by an arrow 84.
  • An arrow 85 indicates that burner air 21 flows in via the inlet 55 and is guided downward in the second intermediate space 35 in FIG. 1.
  • the burner air flow is divided at the lower end of the burner tube 32, but upstream of the plate 65, in that a first partial air flow (arrow 86) flows further down in the second intermediate space 85, while another partial flow (arrow 87) passes through openings 92 (FIG. 2) in the burner tube 32 and flows down there in the third space in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a gas / air mixture is thus burned in the combustion chamber 66 and emerges downward as a flame 89.
  • Arrows 90 indicate that the partial air flow (arrow 86) of the burner air 21 is mixed in the lower end of the second space 35 of the flame 89 as secondary air. This is possible because the tapered end 57 of the burner tube 32 is separated from the lower end of the inner recuperator tube via an annular gap.
  • the exhaust gases occurring in the furnace space 15 rise in the direction of the arrows 91 in the first intermediate space 34 in FIG. 1, are deflected in the annular space 43 and then exit as exhaust gas 23 through the exhaust pipe 44.
  • the burner tube 32 terminates at the tapered end 56 in an orifice tube 95 which is arranged in an arched end 96 in a bulged end 97 of the inner recuperator tube 31.
  • the axial length of the orifice tube 95 is dimensioned such that the burner tube 32 can expand or contract so far in the region of its operating temperatures that the orifice tube 95 runs in the annular gap 96.
  • the plate 65 can be positioned differently within the burner tube 32 in its axial position. In this way, the volume of the combustion chamber 66 can be adjusted. Since the plate 65 is arranged with radial play within the burner tube 32 and, on the other hand, is only held by the gas lance 33 and the electrode 67, only the length of the gas lance 33 or the electrode 67 needs to be varied in order to determine the axial position of the plate 65 set, as indicated by an arrow 93 in Fig. 2.
  • the plate 65 is provided in the region of its circumference with a total of five slots 100 which run inclined to the surface of the plate 65.
  • the primary air for the combustion chamber 66 passing through the slots 100 in the direction of the arrow 88 thus receives a swirl, that is to say it is introduced into the combustion chamber 66 in the circumferential direction.
  • 65 axial bores 101 are provided in the plate.
  • the plate 65 is provided with an axially upwardly projecting neck 102 which encloses a cavity 103.
  • the lower end of the gas lance 33 is inserted in a gas-tight manner, for example welded, into the upper end of the neck 102.
  • the cavity 103 is connected to the combustion chamber 66 via five bores 104.
  • the five bores 104 are arranged uniformly in a downwardly projecting end 105 of the plate 65. It goes without saying that the bores 104 can also be provided in a different number or shape or that a specific direction of the gas flowing through them can also be predetermined via the bores 104.
  • the cavity 103 in the neck 102 is connected to the ignition chamber 68 via a lateral bore 106.
  • the ignition chamber 68 is located radially next to the cavity 103.
  • the ignition chamber 68 is delimited axially upwards by a chamber wall 109 which is integrally formed on the neck 102. Below the radially extending chamber wall 109, the ignition chamber 68 is delimited on the inside by the neck 102 and on the outside by the wall of the burner tube 32.
  • the neck 102 ends in a wall part 108 which is U-shaped in the plan view in FIG. 4 and which extends from the neck 102 to the wall of the burner tube 32.
  • the wall part 108 which thus laterally surrounds the ignition chamber 68, is provided with a peripheral edge 110 below, that is to say downstream of the lateral bore 106.
  • the circumferential edge 110 is formed with sharp edges so that a spark gap 111 can form between the circumferential edge 110 as a ground counter electrode and a center electrode 112 of the ignition electrode 67.
  • the arrangement is further in such a way that the volume of the ignition chamber 68 increases from top to bottom in the illustration in FIG. 3, because a portion of the ignition chamber 68 with a larger volume adjoins the peripheral edge 110 at the bottom.
  • the central electrode 112 is surrounded in this area with a ceramic jacket 113.
  • the ceramic jacket 113 runs with play in a bore 114 in the chamber wall 109, so that an annular gap 115 remains.
  • This partial flow 87 now branches again into a portion (arrow 88) which flows through the slots 100 and the bores 101 in the plate 65 into the combustion chamber 66, and a second portion (arrow 87a) which flows through the annular gap 115 in the ignition chamber 68 arrives.
  • the flow of the fuel gas 20 (arrow 83) in the gas lance 33 is divided into two partial flows 83a and 83b.
  • the partial stream 83a passes through the lateral bore 106 from the cavity 103 into the ignition chamber 68, while the other partial stream 83b flows down through the bores 104 into the combustion chamber 66.
  • a gas / air mixture can be set (in conjunction with the respective pressures of fuel gas 20 and burner air 21) which is optimally ignitable. Regardless of this, the gas / air mixture in the combustion chamber 66 can be adjusted, also by dimenising the corresponding cross sections at the slots 100, the bores 101 and the bores 104.
  • the burner 10 can thus be operated with gaseous or liquid fuels. Furthermore, its area of application is not limited to the heating of industrial furnaces, but the burner 10 can also be used in other types of furnaces.
  • the ignition electrode 67 can moreover not only be used to ignite a gas / air mixture or generally a fuel / air mixture in the ignition chamber 68, for which purpose ignition voltages in the order of magnitude between 6 and 10 kV are required, the ignition electrode 67 can also, as already with indicated the ion current measuring device 72, can be used to monitor the ongoing operation of the burner. For this purpose, with the burner running, the ion current is measured, which results in the burner atmosphere by applying a low DC voltage between the center electrode 112 and ground, this ion current then being of the order of 6 to 16 ⁇ A.
  • the design of the burner 10 can also be such that the heat transfer plates 41 additionally form a radial stabilization of the inner recuperator tube 31 in the outer recuperator wall 30.
  • the outer recuperator wall 30 can either be a separate tube or a fixed component of the furnace wall 12.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Brûleur pour fours industriels doté d'une chambre de combustion (66), dans laquelle est brûlé un mélange constitué d'un combustible, en particulier un gaz combustible (20), et d'air comburant (21) et duquel sort une flamme (89) dirigée dans l'espace de four (15), la chambre de combustion (66) étant formée par un brûleur tubulaire (32), qui est effilé à une extrémité de sortie (56) et dans lequel une plaque radiale (65) est agencée à distance de l'extrémité effilée (56), caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu une chambre d'ignition (68) séparée de la chambre de combustion (66) et dans laquelle un mélange prédéterminé de gaz combustible (20) et d'air comburant (21) peut être dosé et en ce que la chambre d'ignition (68) est réalisée dans la plaque (65).
  2. Brûleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la plaque (65) est agencée à l'extrémité interne d'une lance à gaz (33) tubulaire et l'air comburant (21) amené à l'extrémité interne de la lance à gaz (33) traverse la plaque (65) par les orifices (100, 101, 106) ménagés dans ladite plaque, caractérisé en ce que la plaque (65) présente une cavité (103), en ce que la lance à gaz (33) est raccordée à la cavité (103), en ce que la cavité (103) présente un premier trou (104) reliant à la chambre de combustion (66) ainsi qu'un second trou (106) reliant à la chambre d'ignition (68) et en ce qu'un des orifices (115) traversés par l'air comburant (21) relie à la chambre d'ignition (68).
  3. Brûleur selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la chambre d'ignition (68) présente une arête périphérique (110) entourant une électrode d'amorçage (112) et agencée en aval du second trou (106).
  4. Brûleur selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que la chambre d'ignition (68) s'élargit vers l'aval.
EP92119603A 1991-11-22 1992-11-17 Brûleur pour fours industriels Expired - Lifetime EP0543323B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4138433 1991-11-22
DE4138433A DE4138433C2 (de) 1991-11-22 1991-11-22 Brenner für Industrieöfen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0543323A2 EP0543323A2 (fr) 1993-05-26
EP0543323A3 EP0543323A3 (en) 1993-09-08
EP0543323B1 true EP0543323B1 (fr) 1996-07-17

Family

ID=6445355

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92119603A Expired - Lifetime EP0543323B1 (fr) 1991-11-22 1992-11-17 Brûleur pour fours industriels

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5460515A (fr)
EP (1) EP0543323B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE140525T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9204612A (fr)
DE (2) DE4138433C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2090461T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU9203454D0 (fr)

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US6238206B1 (en) * 1997-05-13 2001-05-29 Maxon Corporation Low-emissions industrial burner
US5927963A (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-07-27 Gas Electronics, Inc. Pilot assembly and control system
ATE237101T1 (de) * 1998-01-23 2003-04-15 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner für den betrieb eines wärmeerzeugers
EP0992661B1 (fr) * 1998-10-05 2003-12-03 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Brûleur d'allumage pour une chambre de combustion
DE10037841B4 (de) * 2000-08-03 2009-09-17 G. Kromschröder AG Verfahren und Brenner zum Beheizen eines Industrieofens
US6743010B2 (en) 2002-02-19 2004-06-01 Gas Electronics, Inc. Relighter control system
US7303388B2 (en) * 2004-07-01 2007-12-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Staged combustion system with ignition-assisted fuel lances
EP1941207B1 (fr) * 2005-10-28 2011-07-06 Sefmat Bruleur/generateur d'air chaud a allumage interne
DE102007048487B4 (de) * 2007-10-09 2009-07-30 Ibs Industrie-Brenner-Systeme Gmbh Brenner für einen Industrieofen
ITMO20080329A1 (it) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Tck S R L Testina di combustione e bruciatore comprendente tale testina.
US9995481B2 (en) * 2011-12-20 2018-06-12 Eclipse, Inc. Method and apparatus for a dual mode burner yielding low NOx emission
US10151484B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2018-12-11 Emerson Electric Co. Pilot burner assembly and method of assembling same
DE102016115673A1 (de) 2016-08-24 2018-03-01 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Schrumpfvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bereitstellen eines Schrumpfmittels für eine Schrumpfvorrichtung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4138433C2 (de) 1996-03-28
ES2090461T3 (es) 1996-10-16
DE59206779D1 (de) 1996-08-22
EP0543323A3 (en) 1993-09-08
US5460515A (en) 1995-10-24
HU9203454D0 (en) 1993-03-01
BR9204612A (pt) 1993-05-25
EP0543323A2 (fr) 1993-05-26
DE4138433A1 (de) 1993-05-27
ATE140525T1 (de) 1996-08-15

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