EP0056388A1 - Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de composes stables - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de composes stables

Info

Publication number
EP0056388A1
EP0056388A1 EP19810902016 EP81902016A EP0056388A1 EP 0056388 A1 EP0056388 A1 EP 0056388A1 EP 19810902016 EP19810902016 EP 19810902016 EP 81902016 A EP81902016 A EP 81902016A EP 0056388 A1 EP0056388 A1 EP 0056388A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
decomposition
plasma
waste
combustion chamber
reaction chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19810902016
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Leif BJÖRKLUND
Inge FÄLDT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE8005400A external-priority patent/SE8005400L/
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0056388A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056388A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
    • F27B1/02—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey
    • F27B1/025—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces with two or more shafts or chambers, e.g. multi-storey with fore-hearth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a method and an apparatus for ther mal decomposition of stable compounds, preferably chemical waste.
  • the waste may be either in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
  • the typical feature of the new method is that the waste is given the necessary decomposition temperature in a plasma generated in a plasma burner. At this operation the characteristic properties of the plasma to create extremely high temperatures in the carrier gas under highly varying redox conditions is used.
  • That group of chemical substances that is named hazardeous waste consists of product mixtures, for instance PCB as well as more well-defined compounds like pentachlor phenol.
  • the danger of that group of chemicals is related to the toxicity and stability of the included compounds.
  • the compounds might easily migrate into the ecological system in an uncontrolled way at unpermitted discharges or at leakage from inferior decomposition processes.
  • the temperature must be sufficiently high - normally over 1100oC - during a sufficiently long time in order to make a decomposition of the various compounds possible.
  • reaction time must almost always be linked to the temperature, in the way that a higher temperature can compensate for a shorter reaction time.
  • the oxidation potential must be sufficiently high to promote the decomposition to stable final products as
  • the neutralization capability for formed hydrochloric acid is a factor of strength in order to suppress the formation of chlorine, that has a tendency to promote the reformation of toxic compounds at a temperature decrease.
  • residence time or in the best case mean residence time.
  • the expression residence time or in the best case mean residence time Saying for instance that the actual process residence time is sufficient for a certain requirement may often be something very irrelevant.
  • a residence time distribution of a certain shape is at hand and for the actual situation also a shortest residence time of some volume element of the flow. If for instance 1 per cent of the gas volume has a residence time shorter than the critical reaction time to bring about for instance a decomposition of 99.99 per cent, it is of very little value with a mean residence time 100 or even 1000 per cent in excess of the critical one; the integral decomposition will only be slightly over 99 per cent and not 99.99 per cent!
  • the used plasma technique according to the invention is eliminating all the above mentioned weaknesses.
  • the plasma burner or the plasma generator in which the passing gas - the carrier gas - can be heated to 3000-4000 °C or higher if wanted, can depending of the properties of the waste and/or other process requirements be placed at different locations in the process.
  • One solution can be to evaporate or disperse the waste into the carrier gas initially in a separate unit and using for this purpose well-known techniques. After that the carrier gas with its dispersed content of waste is introduced into the plasma generator and is overheated to a suitable temperature without any combustion by the presence of a sufficient amount of air, oxygen enriched air or pure oxygen, after which the amount of oxygen necessary for the complete oxidative decomposition is added in the most suitable form immediately after the plasma flame in a separate reaction chamber. According to the process requirements different temperature patterns can be received.
  • Another process variety can be the combustion of the waste by utilizing for instance an advanced flash technique or even with the help of some other less efficient technique in a separate unit and just using the plasma generator as a superheater to reach the necessary temperature/reaction time of the actual decomposition.
  • This operation can preferably be performed in a combustion chamber formed as a brick-lined shaft and which can either be empty or contain some arrangement of a heat resistant filling in order to influence the flow pattern with the ultimate intention to achieve a true minimum residence time (reaction time) .
  • suitable so called decomposition catalysts can be mixed into the heat resistant filling. If - and this is frequently occuring - the treated waste is containing chlorine or other halogens as for instance fluorine in so called freones, it may be very essential to bind the chlorine as for instance calcium chloride as much as possible.
  • the rapid cooling of the combustion gases can be performed either with a tubular cooler or in a scrubber aside from the decomposition unit.
  • the degree of rapid cooling will determine the process design.
  • the developed method according to the invention to decompose primarely so called hazardeous waste can be performed in a furnace that for instance can be designed in the manner as presented in the attached drawing.
  • the main portion of the decomposition may preferably be located to a reaction chamber (11) , into which primarely the very hot plasma generated flame (12) emerges.
  • a reaction chamber (11) into which primarely the very hot plasma generated flame (12) emerges.
  • part of or the whole amount of it can be added to the reaction chamber through feed pipes (13) from the waste container (14) or in case of an eventual necessary pretreatment over the corresponding equipment (15) .
  • An efficient manner of preparing the waste for either the overheating/pyrolysis or for the combustion in the plasma unit and/or the reaction chamber is to evaporate it in an unit (16) in which the working part (17) can be either an atomizer or an efficient burner, both of them receiving their atomizing resp. combustion air from for instance a compressor (18) .
  • the final combustion chamber (21) In order to achieve a fairly closed residence tinte distribution of the exhaust gases, it can be suitable to design the final combustion chamber (21) as an insulated shaft that preferably also is arranged with a heat resistant filling of high permeability.
  • the combustion gases shall be conducted into a device for rapid cooling.
  • a device for rapid cooling Much indicates the use of an efficient so called quasi-dry scrubber (31) with a neutralizing slurry (32) as a coolant will be the best alternative to cool the exhaust gases enough rapidly to avoid the reformation of toxic or generally un-wanted substances .
  • the neutralization product that has trapped the major part of the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or other acidic products formed at the combustion, can partly be recirculated after bleeding away a certain quantity.
  • This regulation like the addition of make-up water and the slurry preparation are trivial operations and are marked according to their location in the flow sheet with the unit 34.
  • the neutralizing agent can eventually be added already in the reaction chamber or immediately after it. It is primarely the temperature and the melting properties of the neutralization product that are governing this operation per formance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de substances stables, de preference des dechets chimiques dangereux. Le but est d'obtenir une temperature de decomposition si elevee que la quantite de restes chimiques a l'etat de traces apres la decomposition soient reduites a un minimum absolu. Ceci est obtenu en chauffant les dechets a la temperature de decomposition necessaire dans un plasma produit dans un bruleur a plasma (12). Une partie ou la totalite de la quantite du materiau de rebut est amenee dans le gaz porteur du plasma. Une alternative consiste a amener une partie ou la totalite de la quantite du materiau de rebut au plasma et a la melanger avec son gaz porteur a haute temperature. Le gaz porteur du plasma peut avoir une temperature de 3000- 4000 C, ou, dans certaines conditions, encore davantage.
EP19810902016 1980-07-25 1981-07-10 Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de composes stables Withdrawn EP0056388A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8005400A SE8005400L (sv) 1980-07-25 1980-07-25 Sett och anordning vid framstellning av en smelta
SE8005400 1980-07-25
SE8101701 1981-03-17
SE8101701A SE8101701L (sv) 1980-07-25 1981-03-17 Sett och anordning for termisk destruktion av svarnedbrytbara emnen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056388A1 true EP0056388A1 (fr) 1982-07-28

Family

ID=26657636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810902016 Withdrawn EP0056388A1 (fr) 1980-07-25 1981-07-10 Procede et appareil de decomposition thermique de composes stables

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0056388A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1982000509A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2136939B (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-05-08 Skf Steel Eng Ab Method for destroying refuse
SE448007B (sv) * 1983-04-21 1987-01-12 Skf Steel Eng Ab Forfarande och anordning for atervinning av kemikalier ur massaavlut
CA1225441A (fr) * 1984-01-23 1987-08-11 Edward S. Fox Incineration des dechets par pyrolyse avec apport de plasma
FI86107C (fi) * 1984-09-21 1992-07-10 Skf Steel Eng Ab Foerfarande foer destruktion av miljoefarligt avfall.
FR2582541B1 (fr) * 1985-05-31 1987-08-28 Cle Groupe Technip Procede de traitement d'un lit fluidise et installation comportant application de ce procede
NO157876C (no) * 1985-09-23 1988-06-01 Sintef Fremgangsmaate og apparat for gjennomfoering av varmebehandling.
DE3716231A1 (de) * 1987-05-14 1988-12-01 Krupp Gmbh Thermische aufarbeitung von schuettfaehigen feststoffen mit schwermetallverbindungen und toxischen kohlenwasserstoffen
CA1324823C (fr) * 1988-08-08 1993-11-30 Robert Chrong-Wen Chang Procede et dispositif de pyrolyse au plasma de dechets liquides
GB2226552B (en) * 1988-11-10 1992-09-16 Jeol Ltd Method and apparatus for decomposing halogenated organic compound
DD285506A7 (de) * 1989-01-16 1990-12-19 ���@������������������������@�������`������k�� Verfahren zur vollstaendigen verwertung von hochpolymerabprodukten
EP0414979A1 (fr) * 1989-08-28 1991-03-06 Henry, Eugène Remorque collectrice et incinÀ©ratrice d'ordures ménagères
IT1237201B (it) * 1989-11-21 1993-05-26 Ossidazione fredda in fase gassosa.
GB9017146D0 (en) * 1990-08-03 1990-09-19 Tioxide Group Services Ltd Destruction process
DE4113440C2 (de) * 1991-04-26 1998-07-02 Guenter E Prof Dr Rer Jeromin Verfahren zur Sanierung von belasteten Böden
FR2690733B1 (fr) * 1992-04-29 1994-07-29 Spie Batignolles Procede et installation pour detruire des dechets solides par plasma.
RU2038537C1 (ru) * 1993-08-10 1995-06-27 Гонопольский Адам Михайлович Способ термической переработки отходов и устройство для его осуществления
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
GB2490175A (en) * 2011-04-21 2012-10-24 Tetronics Ltd Treatment of waste

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1206531B (de) * 1963-05-28 1965-12-09 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines fuer Spaltreaktionen geeigneten Plasmastrahles mit Hilfe eines Gleichstromlichtbogens
DE2425007A1 (de) * 1974-05-22 1975-12-11 Environmental Pollution Contro Muellvernichtungsanlage

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8200509A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1982000509A1 (fr) 1982-02-18

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