JP2007529711A - 廃棄物を処理するための方法および装置 - Google Patents
廃棄物を処理するための方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007529711A JP2007529711A JP2007503967A JP2007503967A JP2007529711A JP 2007529711 A JP2007529711 A JP 2007529711A JP 2007503967 A JP2007503967 A JP 2007503967A JP 2007503967 A JP2007503967 A JP 2007503967A JP 2007529711 A JP2007529711 A JP 2007529711A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- waste
- container
- gas
- plasma torch
- torch
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
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- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
- B09B3/29—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix involving a melting or softening step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/06—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally
- B09C1/067—Reclamation of contaminated soil thermally by vitrification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/025—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by arc discharge or plasma heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23G2205/14—Waste feed arrangements using hopper or bin
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2004年3月19日に出願された、米国仮出願第60/554,879号(発明の名称「Method and Apparatus for Treating Waste」、これは、本明細書中に参考として援用される)に対する継続出願としての優先権を主張する。
図面を参照して、廃棄物処理システム5が、本明細書中で、以下に詳細に記載される。廃棄物処理システム5は、エネルギーを適用すると分解(decompose)され得る、あらゆるタイプの生成物を処理するために使用され得る。例えば、地方自治の(municipal)固体廃棄物、医療用廃棄物、熱電池、飛灰および底部の灰、ならびに、軍用廃棄物(例えば、武器の部品)を処理するために使用され得る。廃棄物処理システム5はまた、PCBで汚染された物質、産業用および実験用の溶媒、有機化学物質および無機化学物質、殺虫剤、有機塩化物、精油所の廃棄物、オフィスの廃棄物、カフェテリアの廃棄物、施設管理の廃棄物(例えば、木製のパレット(wooden pallet)、油、グリース、破棄された照明器具、庭の廃棄物、廃水汚泥、ならびに薬学的廃棄物のような、他の廃棄物を処理するためにも使用され得る。廃棄物は、さらに、有機成分および無機成分を含み得、そして、固体物質および/または液体物質の形態であり得る。
Claims (39)
- 廃棄物処理装置であって、以下:
(a)容器;および
(b)該容器に設置された、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチであって、該少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチは、ある流速のトーチガスを用いて炎を発射し、該炎は、該ACプラズマトーチに加えられる電流を調節することによって、または、該トーチガスの流速を調節することによって、処理される廃棄物に従って変えられ得る、ACプラズマトーチ
を備える、装置。 - 前記容器が仕切りの無いスペースを含み、そして、ボウル形状の部分を備える、請求項1に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 前記ACプラズマトーチが、前記容器内に含まれる前記仕切りの無いスペースに侵入しないように、該ACプラズマトーチが、該容器に設置されている、請求項2に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 前記容器が、全体的に水平方向に順応した構造である、請求項2に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 廃棄物処理装置であって、以下:
(a)仕切りの無いスペースを含み、そして、ボウル形状の部分を備える、容器;および
(b)該容器に設置された、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチであって、該ACプラズマトーチの各々は、可変性の炎を備え、そして、該ACプラズマトーチが該容器内に設置されていることにより、該ACプラズマトーチが該容器内に含まれる該仕切りの無いスペースに侵入せず、ここで、該ACプラズマトーチが、ある流速を有するトーチガスを備え、そして、該トーチガスの流速が、該ACプラズマトーチの炎を変えるために調節され得る、ACプラズマトーチ
を備える、装置。 - 廃棄物処理装置であって、以下:
(a)仕切りの無いスペースを含み、そして、ボウル形状の部分を備える、容器;および
(b)該容器に設置された、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチであって、該ACプラズマトーチの各々は、可変性の炎を備え、そして、該ACプラズマトーチが該容器に設置されていることにより、該ACプラズマトーチが該容器内に含まれる該仕切りの無いスペースに侵入せず、ここで、該ACプラズマトーチに電流が加えられ、そして、該電流が、該ACプラズマトーチの炎を変えるために調節され得る、ACプラズマトーチ
を備える、装置。 - 廃棄物処理装置であって、以下:
(a)仕切りの無いスペースを含み、そして、ボウル形状の部分を備える、容器;
(b)該容器に設置された、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチであって、該ACプラズマトーチの各々は、可変性の炎を備え、そして、該ACプラズマトーチが、該容器が含まれる仕切りの無いスペースに侵入しないように、該ACプラズマトーチが該容器に設置されている、ACプラズマトーチ;および
(c)該容器内の該仕切りの無いスペースから、該プラズマトーチの一方を分離し得る、少なくとも1つのドア
を備える、装置。 - 前記ACプラズマトーチにより生成される前記炎が、前記仕切りの無いスペースを通って下向きに延び、そして、前記容器の前記ボウル形状の部分と接するように、該ACプラズマトーチが、該容器上に垂直に設置されている、請求項4に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 請求項8に記載の廃棄物処理装置であって、該装置は、前記容器に接続された、充填ホッパーおよび供給ホッパーを備える供給システムをさらに備え、該供給ホッパーは、片側にエアロックドアを備え、該エアロックドアを通って、廃棄物が該供給ホッパー内に導入され得る、装置。
- 前記供給システムに接続されたパージシステムをさらに備える、請求項9に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 請求項10に記載の廃棄物処理装置であって、該装置は、前記容器内に位置決めされた少なくとも1つのタップをさらに備え、該タップを通して、処理された廃棄物が排出され得る、装置。
- 廃棄物処理装置であって、以下:
(a)仕切りの無いスペースを含み、そして、ボウル形状の部分を備える、容器であって、該容器は、全体的に水平方向に順応した構造である、容器;
(b)該容器に設置された、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチであって、該ACプラズマトーチの各々は、可変性の炎を備え、該ACプラズマトーチにより生成される該炎が、該仕切りの無いスペースを通って下向きに延び、そして、該容器の該ボウル形状の部分と接するように、該ACプラズマトーチが、該容器上に垂直に設置されている、ACプラズマトーチ;
(c)該容器に接続された、充填ホッパーおよび供給ホッパーを備える供給システムであって、該供給ホッパーは、片側にエアロックドアを備え、該エアロックドアを通って、廃棄物が該供給ホッパー内に導入され得る、供給システム;
(d)該供給システムに接続された、パージシステム;
(e)該容器内に位置決めされた少なくとも1つのタップであって、該タップを通して、処理された廃棄物が排出され得る、タップ;ならびに
(f)該タップに接続されたタップカートを備える、少なくとも1つの固体残留物取り扱いシステム
を備える、装置。 - 少なくとも2つのタップが前記容器内に位置決めされる、請求項12に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、以下:
(a)前記供給システムと接続された、消毒システム;および
(b)該供給システムと前記容器とを相互接続する、排気システム
を備える、請求項13に記載の廃棄物処理装置。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記容器と接続された、ベンチュリ流速計
を備える、請求項14に記載の廃棄物処理装置。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記容器と接続された、クエンチャ;
(b)該クエンチャと接続された、再循環タンク;
(c)該再循環タンクに接続された、スクラバー;
(d)該再循環タンクに接続された、給水システム;ならびに
(e)該再循環タンクに接続された、中和剤供給システム
を備える、請求項15に記載の廃棄物処理装置。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記再循環タンクと接続された、廃水処理システム;および
(b)該廃水処理システムと接続された、粒子状物質リサイクリングシステム
を備える、請求項16に記載の廃棄物処理装置。 - 廃棄物を処理するための方法であって、以下:
(a)可変性の炎を備えるACプラズマトーチを提供する工程であって、該ACプラズマトーチは、ある流速を有するトーチガスを備え、該ACプラズマトーチに電流が加えられる、工程;
(b)廃棄物を提供する工程;
(c)該ACプラズマトーチに加えられる電流を調節することによって、または、該トーチガスの流速を調節することによって、処理される廃棄物のタイプに従って該炎を調節する工程;および
(d)該炎により生成されるエネルギーで、該廃棄物を加熱する工程
を包含する、方法。 - 前記廃棄物が、固体廃棄物および液体廃棄物から構成される、請求項18に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。
- さらに、以下:
(a)前記廃棄物を融解またはガラス化する工程;
(b)該融解またはガラス化された廃棄物のプールを形成する工程;および
(c)該融解またはガラス化された廃棄物を急冷する工程
を包含する、請求項18に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記廃棄物を元素組成に分離する工程;
(b)該廃棄物をガス化する工程;および
(c)該元素組成を、一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスとして改質する工程
を包含する、請求項20に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - 前記廃棄物を分離する工程が、該廃棄物の少なくとも一部分の有害な構成成分を破壊し、そして、該廃棄物の熱分解により達成される、請求項21に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。
- さらに、以下:
(a)酸素を供給する工程;および
(b)該酸素を前記元素組成と合せて、一酸化炭素ガスを形成する工程
を包含する、請求項22に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - さらに、以下:
(a)過剰量の酸素を供給する工程;および
(b)該酸素を前記元素組成と合せて、二酸化炭素ガスを形成する工程
を包含する、請求項23に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスを冷却する工程;
(b)該一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスから、炭素粒子状物質を除去する工程;ならびに
(c)該一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスと共に含まれる、あらゆる酸性ガスを中和する工程
を包含する、請求項24に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - 廃棄物を処理するための方法であって、以下:
(a)可変性の炎を備えるACトーチを提供する工程;
(b)廃棄物を提供する工程;
(c)処理される廃棄物のタイプに従って、該炎を調節する工程;
(d)工程(e)を行なう前に、該廃棄物に、還元剤またはフラクシング剤を添加する工程;
(e)該廃棄物を、該炎により生成されるエネルギーで加熱する工程;
(f)該廃棄物を融解またはガラス化する工程;
(g)該溶解またはガラス化された廃棄物のプールを形成する工程;
(h)該溶解またはガラス化された廃棄物を急冷する工程;
(i)該廃棄物を元素組成に分離する工程であって、該廃棄物を分離する工程は、該廃棄物の少なくとも一部分の有害な構成成分を破壊し、そして、該廃棄物の熱分解により達成される、工程;
(j)該廃棄物をガス化する工程;
(k)該元素組成を、一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスとして改質する工程;
(l)酸素を供給する工程;
(m)該酸素を該元素組成と合せて、一酸化炭素ガスまたは二酸化炭素ガスを形成する工程;
(n)該一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスを冷却する工程;
(o)該一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスから、炭素粒子状物質を除去する工程;ならびに
(p)該一酸化炭素ガスおよび水素ガスと共に含まれる、あらゆる酸性ガスを中和する工程
を包含する、方法。 - 前記廃棄物の処理が、結果として、約45%〜55%の水素ガスと、約30%〜40%の一酸化炭素ガスとを含む合成ガスを生じる、請求項26に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。
- 廃棄物を処理するための方法であって、以下:
(a)廃棄物を提供する工程であって、該廃棄物は、無機部分と有機部分とを含む、工程;
(b)容器を提供する工程であって、該容器の内部には、少なくとも2つのACプラズマトーチが設置されている、工程;
(c)該容器内に該廃棄物を導入する工程;
(d)該ACプラズマトーチのうちの1つで、炎を生成する工程;
(e)該炎を、該ACプラズマトーチに加えられる電流を調節することによって、処理される廃棄物に従って変える工程;および
(f)該廃棄物を、該炎からのエネルギーで加熱する工程
を包含する、方法。 - さらに、以下:
(a)前記廃棄物の無機部分を溶融またはガラス化する工程;および
(b)前記廃棄物の有機部分をガス化または分離する工程
を包含する、請求項28に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。 - 前記工程(a)および(b)が、同時に行なわれる、請求項29に記載の廃棄物を処理するための方法。
- 前記2つのACプラズマトーチの炎が、同時に生成される、請求項5に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記ACプラズマトーチのうちの一方を、前記容器内の仕切りの無いスペースから分離させ得る少なくとも1つのドアを備える、請求項5に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記容器に接続された、充填ホッパーおよび供給ホッパーを備える供給システムであって、該供給ホッパーは、片側にエアロックドアを備え、該エアロックドアを通って、廃棄物が該供給ホッパー内に導入され得る、供給システムを備える、請求項6に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記供給システムと接続されたパージシステムを備える、請求項33に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記供給システムと接続された消毒システムを備える、請求項34に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- 前記ACプラズマトーチにより生成される炎が、前記仕切りの無いスペースを通って下向きに延び、そして、前記容器の前記ボウル形状の部分と接するように、該ACプラズマトーチが、該容器上に垂直に設置されている、請求項6に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記容器内に位置決めされた少なくとも2つのタップを備える、請求項6に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記容器上にアクセス・ビューイングポートを備える、請求項6に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
- さらに、前記容器内に酸化剤を備える、請求項6に記載の廃棄物処理装置。
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US55487904P | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | |
US10/820,651 US6971323B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-04-08 | Method and apparatus for treating waste |
PCT/US2005/007904 WO2005093323A1 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-03-09 | Method and apparatus for treating waste |
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CN (1) | CN1934391B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2559875C (ja) |
IL (1) | IL178044A0 (ja) |
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IL178044A0 (en) | 2006-12-31 |
CN1934391A (zh) | 2007-03-21 |
WO2005093323A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
CA2559875A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
CA2559875C (en) | 2009-07-28 |
KR101170086B1 (ko) | 2012-08-01 |
US6971323B2 (en) | 2005-12-06 |
TW200537055A (en) | 2005-11-16 |
US20060065172A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
KR20060124773A (ko) | 2006-12-05 |
CN1934391B (zh) | 2011-06-29 |
US20050204969A1 (en) | 2005-09-22 |
TWI356892B (en) | 2012-01-21 |
EP1738111A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
US7216593B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
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