EP0056268B1 - Procédé pour la préparation de tabac - Google Patents

Procédé pour la préparation de tabac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056268B1
EP0056268B1 EP82100112A EP82100112A EP0056268B1 EP 0056268 B1 EP0056268 B1 EP 0056268B1 EP 82100112 A EP82100112 A EP 82100112A EP 82100112 A EP82100112 A EP 82100112A EP 0056268 B1 EP0056268 B1 EP 0056268B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
solution
amino acids
biomass
assimilation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82100112A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0056268A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Gaisch
Patrick Daniel Louis Ghiste
Dieter Schulthess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Philip Morris Products SA
Original Assignee
Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA filed Critical Fabriques de Tabac Reunies SA
Publication of EP0056268A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056268A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0056268B1 publication Critical patent/EP0056268B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of tobacco, in which soluble tobacco constituents are extracted with water and from the separated solution are eliminated by metabolic assimilation caused by microorganisms and subsequent separation of the biomass low molecular weight nitrogen compounds and the solution constituents remaining in the residual solution are added to an extracted tobacco .
  • nitrates, nitrites and ammonium compounds are extracted from the tobacco because in some cases these lead to substances which are undesirable for human consumption, for example nitrogen oxides, in tobacco smoke.
  • Flavor is also required for the preparation of tobacco, which are aroma-forming substances that form a taste characteristic of tobacco when smoking tobacco.
  • Such flavor is obtained, for example, from amino acids that are subjected to the so-called Maillard reaction. The quality of the flavor obtained depends on the amino acids used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide the tobacco with a pleasant tobacco taste while using tobacco components as far as possible.
  • the invention is characterized in that the proteins of the separated biomass are hydrolytically broken down into amino acids, that the hydrolysis is carried out at least as long and / or so intensively until tryptophan is destroyed down to less than 0.01 percent based on the weight of the obtained Amino acid mixture and that the amino acid mixture obtained is then isolated in isolation with reducing sugar with heating (Maillard reaction) in flavor (flavoring agent), which is then added to tobacco in doses.
  • the invention surprisingly leads to excellent flavoring and, apart from relatively cheap sugar, does not require any essential additional materials, because the yeast required as a starting product for the production of the amino acids is obtained in sufficient quantities when the tobacco is denitrated.
  • the flavor obtained can be used for the flavoring of any tobacco, especially of poor quality.
  • it is advantageously used for tobacco which has been prepared by the denitration described at the outset and has therefore inevitably also lost flavor components which can then be compensated for by the flavoring.
  • Flavoring according to the invention is also particularly advantageous in the case of reconstituted tobacco which has suffered such losses as a result of the pretreatment of the reconstitution.
  • a further development is characterized in that microorganisms which can cover their nitrogen requirement through nitrate and nitrite degradation are placed on the separated solution, which solution with a carbon source in a concentration of 16.5 ⁇ 10 assimilable carbon atoms per nitrate molecule and others nutrients required in addition to nitrogen is enriched and aerated during assimilation with 0.5 to 2.5 1 - 1 - min -1 and in the pH range from 3.5 to 6 and in the temperature range from 25 ° C to 37 ° C is maintained, and that the assimilation is carried out until the nitrate content is reduced to a maximum content of 10 ppm.
  • the nitrates are reduced, the nitrites and ammonium salts are inevitably reduced at the same time.
  • yeasts are suitable in connection with the invention, but assimilation is preferably carried out by using a yeast from the group consisting of the Candida utilis NCYC 707, Candida berthetii CBS 5452, Candida utilis NCYC 321 and Candida utilis DSM 70 167.
  • the aeration is preferably carried out, in particular also in the case of the yeasts mentioned, with 1.4 to 1.6 I ⁇ I -1 ⁇ rnin -1 and preferably the pH is 5.5 ⁇ 0.3 and the temperature is 30 ° C. Kept at ⁇ 3 ° C.
  • the mixture obtained during the hydrolysis can first be freed of the solid components. But this is not absolutely necessary. These solid components - the insoluble cell residues of the biomass - can also be left and subjected to the Maillard reaction. In such a case, however, the solution obtained in the hydrolysis will be concentrated in order to achieve the necessary concentration for the Maillard reaction.
  • a method is preferred in which the amino acids are isolated before they are subjected to the Maillard reaction. This is advantageously done by isolating the amino acid mixture contained in the solution by adsorption chromatography and then evaporating it to dryness.
  • the reaction mixture resulting from the Maillard reaction can be used directly as a flavor and applied to the tobacco, for example by spraying.
  • the constituents essential to the flavor can also be extracted from the reaction mixture, for example by shaking out against dichloromethane or against isobutyl alcohol.
  • the substances essential for the flavor can be isolated from the reaction product of the Maillard reaction by fractional distillation.
  • Example 4 As in Example 4, with the only difference that when amino acids are obtained, 1.2 kg of yeast with a moisture content of 70% are hydrolyzed and 120 g of amino acid mixture are obtained therefrom.
  • Example 3 With the difference that 5 I KOH (6 N) instead of H 3 P0 4 are used in the extraction of the amino acids.
  • the pH of this solution was adjusted to 1.1 with HCl before the ion exchanger was added. 280 g of an amino acid mixture could be obtained, the composition of which can be seen in Table 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Procédé de préparation du tabac comportant extraction de constituants solubles de celui-ci au moyen d'eau et élimination, hors de la solution obtenue, des composés azotés de faible poids moléculaire par assimilation métabolique provoquée par des micro-organismes et ensuite par séparation à partir de la biomasse, les constituants demeurant dans la solution résiduelle étant alors ajoutés à un tabac soumis à extraction, caractérisé par le fait que les protéines de la biomasse soumise à séparation sont décomposées par hydrolyse en acides aminés, que cette hydrolyse est conduite au moins assez longtemps et/ou intensément pour arriver à décomposer le tryptophane jusqu'à ce qu'il ne représente plus que moins de 0,01 pour cent par rapport au poids du mélange d'acides aminés ainsi obtenu, et que ce mélange est ensuite transformé isolément par chauffage avec du sucre réducteur (réaction de Maillard) en constituants aromatiques, ceux-ci étant ensuite ajoutés au tabac selon un dosage approprié.
2. Procédé selon revendication 1, caractérisé par l'addition, à la solution ainsi obtenue par séparation, de micro-organismes capables de satisfaire leurs besoins en azote par décomposition de nitrates et de nitrites, cette solution étant enrichie au moyen d'une source de carbone à raison d'une concentration de 16,5 ± 10 atomes de carbone assimilables par molécule de nitrate, ainsi que, à part l'azote, au moyen des substances nutritives nécessaires, ventilée au cours de l'assimilation à raison de 0,5 à 2,5 I · I-1 · min-1 et maintenue à un pH compris entre 3,5 et 6 et à une température comprise entre 25" C et 37°C. l'assimilation étant poursuivie jusqu'à ce que la teneur en nitrates se soit réduite à une valeur maximum de 10 ppm.
3. Procédé selon revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'assimilation a lieu suite à l'addition d'une levure appartenant au groupe constitué de Candida utilis NCYC 707, Candida berthetii CBS 5452, Candida utilis NCYC 321 et Candida utilis DSM 70167, que la ventilation a lieu à raison de 1,1 à 1,6 I · I-1 · min-1, le pH étant maintenu entre 5,5±0,3 et la température entre 30°C±3°C.
4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait que les constituants et sous-ensembles protéiniques insolubles du tabac à traiter sont d'abord décomposés par traitement enzymatique en fragments protéiniques solubles, ceux-ci étant ensuite extraits au moyen d'eau en même temps que les autres constituants solubles du tabac, puis soumis, dans la solution obtenue par séparation, à l'assimilation métabolique.
5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait que l'hydrolyse des protéines de la biomasse a lieu dans les conditions ci-après:
- température entre 50 et 130°C;
- durée entre 2 et 300 heures;
- teneur en matières solides de levure entre 5 et 50 pour cent (en poids);
- concentration d'acide entre 0,5 et 45 N (normale);
- pression entre 1 et 3 atmosphère (0,981 et 2,943 bar);
- sous agitation constante.
6. Procédé selon revendication (5), caractérisé par le fait que l'on sépare de la solution hydrolysée les constituants insolubles résiduels de la biomasse avant de soumettre la sotution à traitement ultérieur.
7. Procédé selon revendication (6), caractérisé par le fait que l'on isole par chromatographie par adsorption le mélange d'acides aminés contenu dans la solution, puis qu'on le fait évaporer en vue du dessèchement.
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait que l'on transforme, par la réaction de Maillard, le mélange d'acides aminés obtenu en substances aromatiques dans les conditions suivantes.
- pH entre 3 et 12;
- ajustement du pH au moyen d'hydroxyde d'ammonium ou de potassium ou d'acide phosphorique;
- durée du traitement entre 1 et 200 heures;
- température entre 20 et 180° C ;
- rapport molaire entre acides aminés et sucre réducteur ajouté compris entre 4 : 1 et 1 : 4, en solution aqueuse;
- teneur en matières solides entre 20 et 70 pour cent du poids;
- pression entre 1 et 5 atmosphères (0,981 et 4,905 bar);
- sous agitation constante.
9. Procédé selon revendication 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'on asperge le tabac au moyen du mélange (arôme) formé par réaction de Maillard, en proportions de 0,05 à 0,8 millitres par gramme de tabac à traiter.
10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications ci-dessus, caractérisé par le fait que l'on traite au moyen de l'arôme ainsi obtenu du tabac reconstitué.
EP82100112A 1981-01-13 1982-01-09 Procédé pour la préparation de tabac Expired EP0056268B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3100715A DE3100715A1 (de) 1981-01-13 1981-01-13 Verfahren zur aufbereitung von tabak und tabak, aufbereitet nach diesem verfahren
DE3100715 1981-01-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0056268A1 EP0056268A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
EP0056268B1 true EP0056268B1 (fr) 1984-10-10

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81107416A Expired EP0056073B1 (fr) 1981-01-13 1981-09-18 Procédé pour la préparation de tabac, et tabac ainsi préparé
EP82100112A Expired EP0056268B1 (fr) 1981-01-13 1982-01-09 Procédé pour la préparation de tabac

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81107416A Expired EP0056073B1 (fr) 1981-01-13 1981-09-18 Procédé pour la préparation de tabac, et tabac ainsi préparé

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US (2) US4407307A (fr)
EP (2) EP0056073B1 (fr)
DE (3) DE3100715A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3260912D1 (en) 1984-11-15
EP0056073A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
DE3167104D1 (en) 1984-12-13
US4537204A (en) 1985-08-27
US4407307A (en) 1983-10-04
EP0056268A1 (fr) 1982-07-21
DE3100715A1 (de) 1982-07-22
EP0056073B1 (fr) 1984-11-07

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