EP0049483B1 - Wasserlösliches Etikett, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung - Google Patents

Wasserlösliches Etikett, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049483B1
EP0049483B1 EP81107808A EP81107808A EP0049483B1 EP 0049483 B1 EP0049483 B1 EP 0049483B1 EP 81107808 A EP81107808 A EP 81107808A EP 81107808 A EP81107808 A EP 81107808A EP 0049483 B1 EP0049483 B1 EP 0049483B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
soluble
adhesive
label
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81107808A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0049483A3 (en
EP0049483A2 (de
Inventor
Joachim Dudzik
Winfried Dudzik
Wolfgang Dr. Zimmermann
Günther Pospich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
Original Assignee
Hoechst AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Priority to AT81107808T priority Critical patent/ATE11837T1/de
Publication of EP0049483A2 publication Critical patent/EP0049483A2/de
Publication of EP0049483A3 publication Critical patent/EP0049483A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0049483B1 publication Critical patent/EP0049483B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/08—Fastening or securing by means not forming part of the material of the label itself
    • G09F3/10—Fastening or securing by means not forming part of the material of the label itself by an adhesive layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F2003/023—Adhesive
    • G09F2003/0233—Resistance to humidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F2003/023—Adhesive
    • G09F2003/0242—Adhesive soluble in water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F2003/0255—Forms or constructions laminated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F2003/0272—Labels for containers
    • G09F2003/0273—Labels for bottles, flasks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/27—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified weight per unit area [e.g., gms/sq cm, lbs/sq ft, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
    • Y10T428/2817—Heat sealable
    • Y10T428/2826—Synthetic resin or polymer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2813—Heat or solvent activated or sealable
    • Y10T428/283—Water activated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2839—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer with release or antistick coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2848—Three or more layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
    • Y10T428/2878—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-soluble label which consists of a printable and / or labeled top layer and a water-soluble adhesive layer and, if appropriate, a cover layer protecting the adhesive layer, and to a method for producing this label and the use of the label.
  • a self-adhesive label with a printable and / or inscribable layer of cellulose-containing or textile material and a pressure-sensitive, water-soluble adhesive layer is already known (cf. German Ausletschrift 26 35 643).
  • the printable layer consists of a material with a fiber structure that is soluble in water, and the layer has a water-impermeable but water-permeable coating.
  • the known self-adhesive label is used for labeling beverage kegs, in particular aluminum beer kegs, as well as beverage bottles and pharmaceutical bottles.
  • a modification of the self-adhesive label described is that the coating is transparent, is resistant to the action of water at a relatively low temperature up to a limit temperature and, at higher temperatures, is a water-releasing and / or water-dissolving and / or water-permeable Has structure (see German Offenlegungsschrift 27 21120).
  • the coating consists of a material which seals the pores of the layer to be printed below the limit temperature and encloses the fibers in a watertight manner, e.g. B. wax, linseed oil varnish or water glass.
  • the limit temperature is 30 to 60 ° C.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a self-adhesive label which is resistant to cold water and can be removed and dissolved with the aid of hot water and can be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • the invention relates to a water-soluble label consisting of a printable and / or inscribable top layer and a water-soluble adhesive layer and optionally a cover layer protecting the adhesive layer, characterized in that the top layer is made of polyvinyl alcohol and has a viscosity of 4 to 7 mPa - s (measured in 4-% aqueous solution), has an ester number of 10 to 250 mg KOH / g and a thickness of 10 to 150 ⁇ m, and the adhesive layer made of a synthetic adhesive that is soluble in water and a weight per unit area of 5 to 25 g / m 2 exists.
  • the upper layer of the label (outer material) consists of polyvinyl alcohol: this is preferably insoluble in cold water and soluble in hot water.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol may also be soluble in cold water or may be delayed in cold water.
  • cold means a temperature of at most 30 ° C
  • hot is a temperature of at least 50 ° C.
  • the top layer is dimensionally stable in cold water and shrinkable in hot water.
  • the 4% by weight aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol has a viscosity of 4 to 70 mPas, preferably 10 to 60 mPas (measured at a temperature of 20 ° C.).
  • the ester number of the polyvinyl alcohol is in the range from 10 to 250 mg KOH / g, preferably 20 to 200 mg KOH / g.
  • the adhesive layer of the label consists of a synthetic adhesive which is soluble in water.
  • the adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a permanent adhesive. Permanent adhesives are generally known
  • the adhesive layer has a basis weight of 5 to 25 g / m 2 , preferably 10 to 20 g / m 2
  • the adhesive is in particular an organic polymer, preferably a vinyl polymer.
  • organic polymer preferably a vinyl polymer.
  • examples include polyvinyl esters such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl propionate and vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl ethers such as polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl acetals such as polyvinyl butyral and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • cold water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol is suitable as an adhesive if the top layer consists of a cold water-insoluble but hot water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the adhesive layer is optionally protected by a cover layer, especially when using a pressure sensitive adhesive.
  • the cover layer consists of a cover film, preferably a cover paper such as siliconized paper, which can be easily removed from the adhesive layer.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a water-soluble label which consists of a printable and / or inscribable top layer and a water-soluble adhesive layer and optionally a cover layer protecting the adhesive layer, and is essentially characterized in that one side of a film made of polyvinyl alcohol with a synthetic Coated adhesive, optionally laminating the adhesive layer obtained with a cover layer, and punching out the label from the film composite obtained, the dimensioning ranges to be observed being specified in claim 8.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film serving as the top layer is produced by the casting process or preferably by blow extrusion. It has a thickness of 10 to 150 microns, preferably 20 to 100 microns.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film is nor sometimes transparent; but it can also be colored, namely if a polyvinyl alcohol is used which contains a pigment or an organic dye.
  • the amount of pigment is then 1 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 2 to 5 percent by weight (based on the polyvinyl alcohol), while the amount of the dye is in the range of 0.5 to 5 percent by weight, preferably 1 to 3 percent by weight (based on the polyvinyl alcohol) .
  • Titanium oxide and also kaolin, chalk and satin white are particularly suitable as pigments, while common food and cosmetic dyes can be used as dyes.
  • the adhesive layer on the polyvinyl alcohol film is generally formed by applying the adhesive to the film in the form of a solution or an aqueous dispersion and then removing the solvent or dispersant; water or a water-miscible organic solvent, e.g. B. acetone, methanol or ethanol, used as a solvent, while water serves as a dispersant.
  • a water-miscible organic solvent e.g. B. acetone, methanol or ethanol
  • a particularly simple and preferred modification of the process according to the invention is that in a coextrusion process, a film is simultaneously made from a cold water-insoluble and hot water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and a film from a cold water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol and is joined together, for. B. with the help of rollers.
  • the water-soluble label according to the invention is preferably used for labeling vessels with a smooth surface which are temporarily exposed to cold water.
  • vessels with a smooth surface which are temporarily exposed to cold water.
  • Such are in particular barrels and buckets made of metal and bottles made of glass, porcelain or earthenware, which serve to store beverages, food or pharmaceuticals.
  • the label is distinguished by the fact that it is not detached from the vessel by the action of condensed water, splashed water or rainwater or aqueous liquids below a temperature of 30 ° C, but when cleaning the vessel with water that is at a temperature of more than 50 ° C, can be easily removed and dissolved.
  • the removal of the label is facilitated by the fact that the top layer of polyvinyl alcohol shrinks when exposed to hot water.
  • a label according to the invention is shown in cross section. It consists of the top layer 1, which is connected to the adhesive layer 2. The adhesive layer 2 is protected by the cover layer 3. The upper layer 1 is provided with an imprint 4.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film is then coated on one side with the aid of a doctor blade with a 50 percent solution of a commercially available polyvinyl methyl ether in acetone. After the acetone has evaporated, an adhesive layer with a basis weight of 15 g / m 2 is obtained , which is immediately laminated to a siliconized paper using a pressure roller. Rectangular labels are then punched out and printed from the film composite obtained.
  • the labels are stuck to glass bottles after the cover paper has been removed.
  • the bottles are stored in water at 20 ° C for 12 hours without the labels peeling off. If the labeled bottles are treated with water at 70 ° C, the labels first detach from the surface of the bottle within 10 seconds by spontaneous shrinking and then after a further 60 seconds.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol film produced in accordance with Example 1 is coated with a 55 percent aqueous commercial polyvinyl acetate dispersion using a doctor blade. After the water has evaporated, an adhesive layer with a weight per unit area of 10 g / m 2 is obtained . Labels are then punched out of the coated film and printed.
  • the labels are stuck to an aluminum barrel after the adhesive layer has been moistened with water. After the labels have dried, the keg is stored in water at a temperature of 30 ° C for 12 hours without the labels peeling off. After treating the keg with water at 70 ° C, the labels are removed without any problems and dissolve.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film is then provided with an adhesive layer, this is laminated and labels are punched out.
  • the labels are stuck to porcelain pots.
  • the pots are stored in water at a temperature of 20 ° C for 12 hours without the labels peeling off. After treating the pots with water at 70 ° C, the labels peel off and dissolve perfectly.
  • a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol which has an ester number of 10 mg KOH / g and whose 4 percent aqueous solution has a viscosity of 28 mPa. s, is dissolved in water at 85 ° C to a 20 percent solution.
  • the solution is filtered and poured onto an endless plastic belt: the thickness of the film is adjusted using a squeegee.
  • the plastic belt runs through a drying tunnel in which the water evaporates.
  • a glass-clear cast film with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is obtained.
  • the film is insoluble in water at a temperature of 30 ° C, but soluble at 70 ° C.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film is then provided with an adhesive layer, this is laminated and labels are punched out.
  • the labels are stuck to glass bottles.
  • the bottles are stored in water at a temperature of 30 ° C for 12 hours without the labels peeling off. If the labeled bottles are treated with water at 70 ° C, the labels are removed without any problems and dissolve in the hot water.
  • a polyvinyl alcohol which has an ester number of 10 mg KOH / g and whose 4 percent aqueous solution has a viscosity of 28 mPa ⁇ s, is dissolved in water at 85 ° C. to form a 20 percent solution. 5% (based on PVAL) of titanium dioxide are suspended in this solution.
  • a film is produced from this suspension in accordance with Example 4. The film is colored milky white and has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m. It is insoluble in water at a temperature of 30 ° C, but soluble at 70 ° C.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol film is then provided with an adhesive layer, this is laminated and labels are punched out.
  • the adhesive layer of the labels is moistened with water and the labels are stuck on glass bottles. After the labels have dried on, the glass bottles are stored in water at a temperature of 20 ° C. for 12 hours without the labels detaching. If the labeled bottles are treated with water at 70 ° C, the labels peel off perfectly and then dissolve.

Landscapes

  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
EP81107808A 1980-10-04 1981-10-01 Wasserlösliches Etikett, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung Expired EP0049483B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81107808T ATE11837T1 (de) 1980-10-04 1981-10-01 Wasserloesliches etikett, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3037640 1980-10-04
DE19803037640 DE3037640A1 (de) 1980-10-04 1980-10-04 Verwendung einer polyvinylalkohol-folie zur herstellung von haftmaterial, wie etikettenmaterial

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049483A2 EP0049483A2 (de) 1982-04-14
EP0049483A3 EP0049483A3 (en) 1982-06-02
EP0049483B1 true EP0049483B1 (de) 1985-02-13

Family

ID=6113671

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81107808A Expired EP0049483B1 (de) 1980-10-04 1981-10-01 Wasserlösliches Etikett, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US4444839A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0049483B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5790076A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE11837T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU7598881A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR8106358A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1195113A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DD (1) DD201947A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3037640A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DK (1) DK437881A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GR (1) GR75022B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NZ (1) NZ198547A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PT (1) PT73765B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
YU (1) YU237381A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA816827B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3909089A1 (de) * 1989-03-20 1990-09-27 Haack Karl Werner An Etikett aus kunststoffolie und verfahren zur etikettierung von mehrwegbehaeltern mit einem solchen etikett

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US4601934A (en) * 1984-07-27 1986-07-22 Beverly James A Masking of electrical printed circuit boards
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EP1469012A1 (en) * 2003-04-17 2004-10-20 TEMSA International Inc. Polymerisation initiator system
US8852515B2 (en) * 2004-09-17 2014-10-07 Fujifilm Corporation Multilayer analysis element for analyzing liquid samples
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1195113A (en) 1985-10-15
YU237381A (en) 1983-12-31
ZA816827B (en) 1982-10-27
PT73765A (en) 1981-11-01
US4444839A (en) 1984-04-24
PT73765B (en) 1983-06-20
BR8106358A (pt) 1982-06-22
DD201947A5 (de) 1983-08-17
EP0049483A3 (en) 1982-06-02
ATE11837T1 (de) 1985-02-15
EP0049483A2 (de) 1982-04-14
GR75022B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1984-07-12
NZ198547A (en) 1984-02-03
DK437881A (da) 1982-04-05
JPS6220235B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-05-06
DE3168919D1 (en) 1985-03-28
DE3037640A1 (de) 1982-05-19
JPS5790076A (en) 1982-06-04
AU7598881A (en) 1982-04-22

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