EP0040339B1 - A centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor - Google Patents

A centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040339B1
EP0040339B1 EP81103295A EP81103295A EP0040339B1 EP 0040339 B1 EP0040339 B1 EP 0040339B1 EP 81103295 A EP81103295 A EP 81103295A EP 81103295 A EP81103295 A EP 81103295A EP 0040339 B1 EP0040339 B1 EP 0040339B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
contact
individual light
magnetic
magnet coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81103295A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0040339A1 (en
Inventor
Dieter Christiansen
Bernd Dr. Redies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3018946A external-priority patent/DE3018946C2/de
Priority claimed from DE8014523U external-priority patent/DE8014523U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803029191 external-priority patent/DE3029191A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803029200 external-priority patent/DE3029200A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803029201 external-priority patent/DE3029201A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803042598 external-priority patent/DE3042598A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803042575 external-priority patent/DE3042575A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19803042551 external-priority patent/DE3042551C2/de
Priority to AT81103295T priority Critical patent/ATE14817T1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0040339A1 publication Critical patent/EP0040339A1/en
Publication of EP0040339B1 publication Critical patent/EP0040339B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source

Definitions

  • Lighting in comparatively large buildings which involves a plurality of individual light points, is controlled automatically in many cases today by the artificial lighting being switched on or off, for example, when night falls or at sunrise. This is particularly appropriate in times of energy shortages, because the employee using the artificial light source does not often think in particular of switching off the lights and so the light source remains on, even when there is sufficient daylight in the place of work, or the light source cannot be individually switched off upon leaving the place of work before switching off by automatic operation.
  • the energy requirement of the lighting may make up approximately 30% of the total energy requirement for the building, this may result in considerable and undesired costs.
  • the central automatic control of the lighting is effected, for example, by switch clocks set at specific times. As a result of the switching off operation, the circuit is permanently broken.
  • the use of such switching systems has the disadvantage that weather conditions and changes in the intensity of daylight caused by the weather are not taken into account by the systems, so that when there is a dense covering of cloud after sunrise the lighting is switched off too early or when dense cloud is building up the artificial lighting is not turned on or it is turned on too late early in the evening. Switching systems of this type also only allow a central switching on or off of the complete installation.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a lighting system having a plurality of individual light points which may be centrally controlled and in which each individual light point (or small groups of individual light points, such as the light points of an entire room) is simultaneously and individually switchable, so that even after general switching off of the lighting installation by the central control, individual light points (or groups of light points) may be switched on again or they may be switched off independently of the complete installation before the general switching off by the central automatic control. It is particularly the object of the invention to provide such a lighting system which is operable with the already generally installed and therefore generally available two-wire cabling, so that additional cabling and supplementary devices are not necessary.
  • Lighting circuit installation centrally controlled by an impulse switch having a break contact, said lighting circuit having two terminals; an electric circuit between said two terminals; an individual light switch in said electric circuit, by which a light source or a group of light sources may be switched on and off independently of said impulse switch and which comprises a magnetic switch containing a magnet coil and a normally-open switch contact, said contact carrying the lighting current in working condition, and which contains, in addition thereto, means to open the electric circuit even with the magnetic switch being closed or to close the electric circuit even with the magnetic switch being open; a light source or a group of light sources being connected with the one of said two terminals and the individual light switch and the break contact of the impulse switch also being arranged in said electric circuit, is characterised in that the magnet coil of the magnetic switch is connected in series with its contact and carries the lighting current in working condition, and that the individual light switch is formed as a two-pole switch and comprises in addition to the magnetic switch as said means to open and close the electric circuit either:
  • the preferred embodiment of the lighting circuit installation according to the invention is characterised in that the magnetic switch is designed in the form of a double magnet having a common magnet core and two magnet coils connected in parallel, in each case with a switch con-. tact operated by the respective magnetic switch and connected in series to each magnet coil, whereby one magnet coil is designed for low magnet power and it closes its contact and keeps it closed when energised, while the other coil and optionally also the contact lever is designed such that its contact only closes the contact and may keep it closed when there is a current intensity which corresponds to at least approximately three times the minimum current intensity at which the magnetic switch with the magnet coil for low magnet power closes the switch contact associated therewith and keeps it closed.
  • magnetic switch is understood to mean a switch element having a switch contact and an electromagnet connected in series, which switch contact is closed and is kept closed when current flows through the electromagnet, e.g. by a lever arm which is then attracted by the electromagnet, and which is opened and is kept open when the current no longer flows through the electromagnet, e.g. by a spring acting on the switch contact or on the lever arm connected therewith or by a suitable three-dimensional arrangement or even by its inherent weight.
  • Fig. 1 shows the lighting installation with the various embodiments of the individual light switches and a simple embodiment of the break contact (2) of the system.
  • Fig. 2 shows the same installation with a detailed control system for said break contact (2).
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the light switches in the electric circuit of the lighting circuit installation according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows the diagram of the control system for the break contact (2) separately as it is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows a top view of such a control element.
  • the lighting installation illustrated in Fig. 1 with the power source (1) and the switch element (2) positioned centrally in the circuit has four individual light points, wherein individual switches 4, 6 and 8 provided with magnetic switches are associated with each of the individual light points 3 and 7 or with the group 5 of light points to be connected together, in the different embodiments of the lighting installation according to the invention.
  • the individual switch 4 corresponds to embodiment a)
  • the individual switch 6 corresponds to embodiment b)
  • the individual switch 8 corresponds to embodiment c).
  • the central switch element 2 has a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position, whereby the switch contact is closed in its normal switch position, e.g. by a suitable spring provided in the switch element, and thereby the circuit of the lighting installation according to the invention is also kept closed, whereas as a result of operating the switch element, e.g. by pressure'against the force of the spring, the switch contact and thereby the circuit of the lighting plant according to the invention may be broken for a short time.
  • the magnetic switch is not only designed such that it may be operated by the lever arm 11, which is attracted by the electromagnet 9, is positioned rotatably at one of its ends and simultaneously causes the contact closure of the switch contact 10 of the magnetic switch, but it is also designed so that it may be opened and closed mechanically from outside via the operating lever 12 which is rotatably secured on its other free end.
  • the current is interrupted for a short time by operating the central switch 2, the electromagnet 9, due to the inherent weight of the lever arm 11 positioned thereunder, releases this arm 11, so that the switch contact 10 is opened and is kept open even when the central switch 2 returns to its closed normal switch position. If artificial light is required at the individual light point against the command of the central switching point 2, the switch contact 10 is closed by pressing in the operating lever 12 of this embodiment of the individual switch and it is kept closed due to the resulting flow of current through the electromagnet 9.
  • the switch contact 10 is opened by pushing the operating lever 12 up, applying an adequate pressure against the attractive force of the electromagnet 9, so that the electromagnet loses its attractive force and the switch contact 10 is opened.
  • the magnetic switch is only designed so that it may also be closed mechanically from outside.
  • the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch may not only be operated by the electromagnet 14 and its lever arm which may be attracted by the electromagnet 14, but the switch contact 13 may also be closed using the lever arm 15 which may be operated from outside the individual switch 6 by pressing in this lever arm 15.
  • the switch element 16, 17 having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is also provided in the individual switch, is connected in series to the magnetic switch and which, like the central switch element 2 keepts its switch contact 17 and thereby the circuit closed in its normal switch position and when it is operated by pressing in the "Off" part of the operating switch, the switch contact 17 is broken for a short time via its operating lever 16 and thus the circuit is also broken for a short time.
  • the central switch 2 is opened for a short time, the current flow in the electromagnet 14 and thus the resulting attraction is terminated and the electromagnet 14, due to, for example, a spring acting on the lever arm of the magnetic switch, releases the attracted lever arm and the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch is opened and is kept open as a result of this action. If the individual light point is to be switched on again against the central control command of the switch element 2, the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch and thus the complete circuit is closed by pressing in this lever arm 15 and, due to the then restored attraction of the electromagnet 14, the switch contact 13 is kept closed.
  • the circuit is broken for a short time by operating the switch element 16, 17 provided in the individual switch 6 and thus associated with the magnetic switch, so that the electromagnet 14 releases the lever arm of the magnetic switch and it re-opens its switch contact 13 and keeps it open.
  • the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch takes over the switching on operation, apart from keeping its contact closed, whereas the switching off operation is taken over by the switch element 16, 17 associated therewith. Since, as is known, due to the closing or opening operation of switch contacts and the sparking caused by these operations, power peaks may occur, the magnet coil in embodiment b) may optionally be provided with a lower capacity as compared to embodiment a).
  • the embodiment c) provides an even lower load for the magnetic switch, in which embodiment the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch together with its magnet 19 only takes over the task of keeping the circuit closed.
  • another switch element 22, 23 having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is provided which is connected parallel to the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch and is connected in series to the magnet 19 of the magnetic switch and it keeps its switch contact 23 open in its normal switch position and its switch contact is closed for a short time when it is operated, so that the magnetic switch is designed to be operated from outside without any additional mechanical possibility.
  • the circuit is broken for a short time, whereas upon pressing the operating press lever 22 associated with the switch contact 23, the circuit is even closed when the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is open.
  • the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is opened, for example, due to a spring provided in the magnetic switch and holding its lever arm. If the individual light point is to be switched on again against the command of the central switching point 2, the switch contact 23 is closed for a short time by actuating the operating lever 22, designed in this case as a rocker switch, and the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is closed and is kept closed, due the current flow through the electromagnet of the magnetic switch.
  • the switch contact 21 and thus the circuit for the individual light switch 7 is broken for a short time by actuating the operating lever 20 and thus, the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch associated therewith is also reopened.
  • the magnet of the magnetic switch may be charged with different loads such that by adjusting the design of the coil according to the load peak, the magnet of the magnetic switch is not yet energised enough in the lower load range to reliably close the switch contact of the magnetic switch and to also keep it closed.
  • the coil of the magnetic switch is designed such that the switch contact of the magnetic switch is closed reliably even in the lower load range and is kept closed with an adequate strength, there is a danger of considerable overheating of the magnet and thus a danger of fire in the building having such lighting installations where there is a load in the range of the peaks or even in the middle range of the load variations.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the lighting installation according to the invention and of its individual light switches relates to the magnetic switches 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, 14, 15, or 18, 19 of the individual switches. It is schematically illustrated in Figure 3, for the magnetic switches 13, 14, 15 or 18, 19 of the individual switches. This applies accordingly to the magnetic switch 9, 10, 11, 12 of embodiment a).
  • the embodiment which is improved with respect to heat control and is therefore particularly preferred, is characterised in that the magnetic switch is designed in the form of a double magnet having a common magnet core and two connected magnet coils 9a and 9b connected in parallel or 14a and 14b or 19a and 19b having respectively a switch contact 11a and 11 b or 13a and 13b or 18a and 18b operated by the respective magnetic switch and connected in series to each magnet coil.
  • One magnetic coil is designed for low magnet power and it closes its contact when energised and keeps it closed, whereas the other coil and optionally also the contact lever of the switch contact associated with this coil is designed such that its switch contact only closes the contact and keeps it closed at a current intensity which corresponds to at least approximately three times, preferably four times, the minimum current intensity at which the magnetic switch with the magnet coil for low magnet power closes the switch contact associated therewith and keeps it closed.
  • the two magnet coils of the double magnet connected in parallel to each other are wound one upon the other over a common magnet core.
  • the common magnet core of the double magnet is formed from sheets mounted in parallel.
  • the variation range of the magnet power due to the load switching of the magnet coil is thus subdivided so that it is not necessary to construe the magnet coil to meet the highest magnet power demand with in this variation range in order to avoid the generation of an excessive amount of heat.
  • the exact division of the total power range is appropriately effected in that the magnet coil designed for low magnet power covers approximately one third of the total variation range and approximately two thirds of the range is controlled by the magnet coil designed for greater magnet power. In this operation, the best division is to be established empirically for the respective design of the double magnet and switch contacts.
  • switch elements which may be operated by a temporary current pulse, such as relays controlled by a transistor, may also be used, in particular in the embodiment c) of the lighting installation according to the invention, as long as the relay is opened by this current pulse retransmitted via the mains of the lighting installation and may be opened and closed according to the individual embodiments from outside, and also separately for each individual light point, whether it is fully mechanical, according to embodiment a), partly mechanical according to embodiment b) or fully nonmechanical by suitable pulse transmitters associated with the individual light points according to embodiment c).
  • the switch element 2 must then also be replaced by a suitable central pulse transmitter.
  • the embodiment illustrated, in which the control pulse is provided by a temporary interruption in the current allows, however, a particularly simple design and is therefore preferable.
  • the central switch element 2 may be operated manually or using suitable control devices.
  • the central switch element 2 constitutes a switch element which may be operated by the energising of a magnet coil and this switch element is controlled both by a conventional switch clock having at least two adjustable switch positions for actuating the switch of the switch clock as well as by a dimness switch connected in parallel thereto and optionally adjustable with respect to the light sensitivity.
  • a control element of this type is schematically illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings as well as being illustrated as a separable part of the lighting installation in Figures 4 and 5.
  • This control element has a conventional switch clock 24 with a conventional seven day/24 hour program and has at least two adjustable switch settings for actuating the switch of the switch clock 24 designed as a brush contact, a dimness switch 25 which is optionally adjustable with respect to the light sensitivity with a switch designed as a brush contact and having a separate light sensor 26 which may be connected via the terminal 32, a changeover switch 27 for connecting a first terminal of the switch contact with selectively either the one or other second terminal of the switch contact or with both terminals, a switch 2 which may be operated by exciting a magnet coil 28 and having a normal switch position while closing its switch contact and a variable switch position which may be adjusted for a short time by operating the switch, while opening the switch contact.
  • the main voltage of the power source 1 is transformed by the transformer 29 to the control voltage of the control device for the central switch element 2.
  • control device also has a switch 30 on the frame whose switch contact is connected in parallel to the switches of the switch clock 24 and the dimness switch 25 and whose switch lever may be actuated mechanically or electromagnetically or the like, for example by a ripple central signal provided by an external signal transmitter 31.
  • the lighting installation according to the invention may be set for light or time-control or for both together by the change-over switch 27, so that the control may be effected both by the intensity of daylight as well as by the switch dock, so that, for example, in summer with a specific daylight intensity, the first switching off is effected centrally and a second control switching off may be carried out at a later time. Therefore, an extremely versatile control of the lighting installation according to the invention, being dependent on numerous conditions is possible with this control device.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
EP81103295A 1980-05-17 1981-05-01 A centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor Expired EP0040339B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81103295T ATE14817T1 (de) 1980-05-17 1981-05-01 Zentralgesteuerte beleuchtungsanlage mit einer vielzahl individuell schaltbarer, individueller lichtquellen, zentralen schaltelementen und individuellen lichtschaltern.

Applications Claiming Priority (16)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3018946A DE3018946C2 (de) 1980-05-17 1980-05-17 Beleuchtungsschaltung mit zentraler automatischer Steuerung und einem Einzellichtschalter
DE3018946 1980-05-17
DE8014523U DE8014523U1 (de) 1980-05-30 1980-05-30 Steuerelement für Beleuchtungsanlagen
DE8014523U 1980-05-30
DE3029191 1980-08-01
DE19803029200 DE3029200A1 (de) 1980-08-01 1980-08-01 Einzellichtschalter fuer automatisch gesteuerte beleuchtungsanlage
DE19803029201 DE3029201A1 (de) 1980-08-01 1980-08-01 Einzellichtschalter fuer automatisch gesteuerte beleuchtungsanlagen
DE3029200 1980-08-01
DE3029201 1980-08-01
DE19803029191 DE3029191A1 (de) 1980-08-01 1980-08-01 Zentral gesteuerte beleuchtungsanlage mit einer vielzahl von einzelschaltbaren einzellichtstellen
DE3042551 1980-11-12
DE3042598 1980-11-12
DE19803042598 DE3042598A1 (de) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Einzellichtschalter fuer automatisch gesteuerte beleuchtungsanlagen
DE19803042575 DE3042575A1 (de) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Einzellichtschalter fuer automatisch gesteuerte beleuchtungsanlagen
DE19803042551 DE3042551C2 (de) 1980-11-12 1980-11-12 Zentral gesteuerte Beleuchtungsanlage mit einer Vielzahl von einzelschaltbaren Einzellichtstellen
DE3042575 1980-11-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0040339A1 EP0040339A1 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0040339B1 true EP0040339B1 (en) 1985-08-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81103295A Expired EP0040339B1 (en) 1980-05-17 1981-05-01 A centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0040339B1 (da)
CA (1) CA1197548A (da)
DK (1) DK216781A (da)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19506054C1 (de) * 1995-02-22 1996-08-01 Becker Automatisierungstechnik Elektronischer Fernschalter
US7755506B1 (en) 2003-09-03 2010-07-13 Legrand Home Systems, Inc. Automation and theater control system
US7778262B2 (en) 2005-09-07 2010-08-17 Vantage Controls, Inc. Radio frequency multiple protocol bridge

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2151115A (en) * 1983-11-21 1985-07-10 Concord Controls Limited Control circuit for a fluorescent tube
US4777384A (en) * 1987-10-19 1988-10-11 Altenhof Terrence G Source voltage triggered timer
US5170068A (en) * 1988-09-26 1992-12-08 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Master electrical load control system
DE4204462A1 (de) * 1991-02-18 1992-08-20 Doepke & Co Schaltgeraetefabri Stromstossrelais
US8154841B2 (en) 2003-09-03 2012-04-10 Legrand Home Systems, Inc. Current zero cross switching relay module using a voltage monitor

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2262896A1 (en) * 1974-02-28 1975-09-26 Scit Automatic light switch actuated by ambient light conditions - employing photocell to monitor ambient light

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB162587A (en) * 1920-08-05 1921-05-05 Pieter Das Improvements in and relating to electric-emergency lighting installations
GB483275A (en) * 1936-10-12 1938-04-12 Batteries Ltd Improvements in or relating to electric lighting and power systems
US2248271A (en) * 1940-09-06 1941-07-08 South Bend Current Controller Circuit controlling device
US2476517A (en) * 1947-09-19 1949-07-19 Horace L Titus Electric lighting system
GB724637A (en) * 1952-08-29 1955-02-23 Philips Electrical Ind Ltd Improvements in or relating to lighting and like circuits
US3483424A (en) * 1964-05-06 1969-12-09 Delmatic Ltd Electric lighting installation for a building
DE1665501B1 (de) * 1967-12-13 1971-04-01 Ruhstrat Kg Schalteinrichtung zur selbsttaetigen umschaltung von netz gespeister raumbeleuchtung auf batteriegespeiste sicher heitsbeleuchtung bei netzausfall1
GB1296539A (da) * 1969-12-24 1972-11-15

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2262896A1 (en) * 1974-02-28 1975-09-26 Scit Automatic light switch actuated by ambient light conditions - employing photocell to monitor ambient light

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Prospectus "Eltako 3/80" of Ing. Horst Ziegler, Eltako-Apparatebau, Hofener Str. 54, D-7072 Fellbach, Germany (FR) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19506054C1 (de) * 1995-02-22 1996-08-01 Becker Automatisierungstechnik Elektronischer Fernschalter
US7755506B1 (en) 2003-09-03 2010-07-13 Legrand Home Systems, Inc. Automation and theater control system
US7778262B2 (en) 2005-09-07 2010-08-17 Vantage Controls, Inc. Radio frequency multiple protocol bridge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1197548A (en) 1985-12-03
DK216781A (da) 1981-11-18
EP0040339A1 (en) 1981-11-25

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