CA1197548A - Centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor - Google Patents
Centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches thereforInfo
- Publication number
- CA1197548A CA1197548A CA000377299A CA377299A CA1197548A CA 1197548 A CA1197548 A CA 1197548A CA 000377299 A CA000377299 A CA 000377299A CA 377299 A CA377299 A CA 377299A CA 1197548 A CA1197548 A CA 1197548A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- individual
- magnet
- closed
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A b s t r a c t This invention relates to a lighting system having a plurality of individual light points or groups of individual light points which may be con-trolled by means of a central switch element, acting on all individual light points, whereby the function of the individual light points (or groups of indi-vidual light points to be jointly connected) is maintained independent of the central control and the individual light points may be switched on and off individually and independently, this lighting system being installable in a most simple manner with the use of already installed two-wire cabling and without additional cabling or devices. The present invention also relates to the central switch element and to the individual light switches associated with the indi-vidual light points or groups of individual light points, in different embodiments.
Description
-Lighting in comparatively large buildings, which involves a plurality of individual light points, is controlled automatically in many cases today by the artiEicial lighting being switched on or off, for example, when night falls or at sunrise. This is particu]arly appropriate in times of energy shortages, because the employee using the artificial light source i does not often think in particular of switching off the lights and so the light source remains on, even when there is sufficient daylight in the place of work, or the light source cannot be individually switched off upon leaving the place of work before switching off by automatic operation. In offices, in which the energy requirement of the lighting may make up approximately 30~ of the total energy requirement for the building, this may result in considerable and undesired costs.
The central automatic control of the lightirlg is effected, for example, by switch clocks se~ at specific times. As a result of the switching off oper-ation, the circuit is permanently broken. However, theuse of such switching systems has the disadvantage that weather conditions and changes in the intensity of daylight caused by the weather are not taken into account by the systems, so that when there is a dense
The central automatic control of the lightirlg is effected, for example, by switch clocks se~ at specific times. As a result of the switching off oper-ation, the circuit is permanently broken. However, theuse of such switching systems has the disadvantage that weather conditions and changes in the intensity of daylight caused by the weather are not taken into account by the systems, so that when there is a dense
2$ covering of cloud after sunrise the lighting is s~itched off too early or when dense cloud is building up the artificial lighting is not turned on or it is turned on too late early in the evening. Switching sys~ems of this type also only allow a central switching on or off of the complete installation.
. ' , .
. .
There are also so-call~d "dimness switches", by which the artificial lighting is switched on or ofE
:- depending on the actual intensity of day~ight in a suitable manner by a current pulse released upon a specific light intensity. However, these systems also have the disadvantage that a control correspond~ing to ,;~ the actual requirement o light in all parts of~the . - building is impossible. The requirement for artiEicial ;~ lighting may vary quite considerably in the individual ; : lO parts of the building~ for example, depending on the aspect or on the distance rom neighbouring houses and the height thereof or on the amount of trees in front vf some of the windows of the building. This problem could, it is true, be alleviated by dividing the total : ~ 15 lighting system into individual groups having a si~ilar average light requirement and by switching the lighting on and off in each such section by a switch element .. i.-................................................ .
controlled by natural light~ However, the light ; requirement which varies considerably from person to person at the workplace cannot be considered eitner, so that people's health may also suffer to a considerable :: ex~ent due to inadequate lighting, even with such a ~ current-energy-saving central control of the lighting : in buildings. In this case as well, all of the lighting - 25 plant (or sections thereof) may either be switched on or switched off, so that individual switching of the individual light point is again impossible~ However, the arrangement of such control elements at each ",, individual wor~place in such buildings has been too , : . ;. ` .
3Q expensive until the present time.
~ The object of this invention is to provide a ; ;: lighting system having a plurality of individual light - points which may be centrally controlled and in which e~ch individual light point (or small groups of individ 3S ual light points, such as the light points of an entire ., ,~ . , , ; - 3 -. . . . . . . .
, . , ~ . . . .
~'7~
room) is simultaneously and individually switchable, so that even after general switching off of the lighting installation by the central control, individual light points (or groups of light points) may be switched on again or they may be switched off independently of the complete installation before the general switching off by the central automatic control. It is a particular object of the invention to provide such a lighting system which is operable with the already generally installed and therefore generally available two-wire cabling, so that additional cabling and supplementary devices are not necessary.
AccordLng to one aspect of the invention there is provided an electric power system for a house or the like, where there are a plurality of individual light sources at various locations and there is a two~wire cabling for power delivery, a system which provides for individual operation of said light sources at ~heir related locations for b~th activation and deactivation of related light sources, and also for deactivation of said light sources from a master location without interference with subse quent individual activation and deactivation o~ said light sources, said system comprising; a) a plurality of individual switch assemblies, each of which is operatively connected to at least a related one of said light sources for individual operation thereof, each individual switch assembly comprising: 1~ a first on-off .switch kept in its closed position by a magnet coil where power is delivered to said light source and kept in its open positlon where power is not delivered to said light source, 2) means to operate said first on-off switch independent from the force effected by the magnet coil to close it, to selectively aa) close and open said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and bb) close said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and to open said first on off switch electrically by means of a second normally kept closed on-off switch between said magnet coil and one oE the power outlets of said individual switch assembly and cc) open said first on-off switch electrically by said second on-off switch and to close said first on-off switch elec~rically by third normally kept open on-off switch arranged parallel to said first on-off switch, and b) master ~switch means which is nor-mally kept in its closed switch position and which may be opened for momentary power interruption of the electrical power system, resul~ing in an opening of said first on~off switch of each individual switch assembly.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an individual switch assembly useful in the system as recited above, wherein it has a first switch and an electromagnet which are connected in series to each other, whereby the first switch may be closed and kept closed by the electromagnet when electric current flows through the electromagnet and it may be closed or opened mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly.
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided an individual switch assembly useful in a system as recited above, comprising ~wo power outlet points and an electrical connection therebetween, a first switch having an electromagnet and which first switch is closed when an electrical current runs through its electromagnet and wherein there is provided a second switch and a third switch operated independently of each other, sald third switch being connected in parallel to the first switch.
Within the context of the present inventiont s ..~ : the term "magnetic switch" is understood to mean a .~. switch element having a swi.tch cont~ct and. ?,n electro-; magnet connected in series~ wh:ich switch contact is closed ana is kept closed when current flows through the electromagnet, e.g. by a lever arm which is then attracted by the electromayne~/ and whi.ch is opened and . ~.- i~ kept open wh~n the current no longer flows ~hrough .. the electromagnet, e.gL by a spring actin~ on the - -: . switch contact or on the lever arm connected therewith or by a suitable three-dimensional arrangement or even . by its inherent weight~.
This preferred embodiment of the lighting installation according to the invention is character .; ised in that a switch e3.ement having a normal switch .15 position and a temporary adjustabl.e, variable switch '"~ position is provided centrally in the circuit, i.e~
.. " .. . ..
;, '~ '~`7'.' ''.''., ' ' between the power source and the first branch of the . ;: circuit to the individual light points connected in ; parallel, which switch element keeps the circuitclosed in its normal switch position and the circuit is . broken for a short time when the switch element is .:. . .. .operated and a magnetic switch is associated with each ... . .
.. ,~.. ~. individual li~ht point or groups of individual ligh~
. ;. points,.the switch contact of the magnetic swi~ch being kept closed during the current flow and opening .. .. . . . . .. ~ . . . when there is a break in the circuit and remainin~
open even when the central switch element is subsequent-ly closed, without further intervention, and said magnetic ~ ;. switch is either:
.` 30 . a). designed so that it may also be opened and closed mechanical.ly from outside, or ;~. . b) designed so that it may also be closed mechanically ~ .from outside and in this design, another switch : . el~ment having a normal switch position and a . 35 temporary adjustable variable switch position is . ,, , , - , . . .
........ ... ... . ~ _ 6 . ~ ., ,,~ ~ .
75~
provided, associated with the magnetic switch and connected in series thereto, which switch element keeps the circuit in its normal switch posi~ion and the circuit is broken for a short time when the switch element is operated, or c) designed without mechanical means fo~ operation from outside, as embodimen~s a) and b), but wherein a second switch element having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is provided which second ~3witch element is associated with the magnetic switch and connected in series there-to, this second switch element keeping the circuit closed in its normal switch position and breaking the circuit for a short time when the switch element is operated, and wherein a third switch element having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is provided associated with the magnetic switch and connected parallel to the switch contact of the magnekic switch and connected in series to the electromagnet of the magnetic switch, this third switch element keeping its switch contact open in its normal switch position and when this third switch element is operated, its switch contact and ~hereby the circuit is closed for a short time even when the switch contact of the magnetic switch is open.
The lighting installation according to the in-vention is schematically illustrated and explained in the following drawings and circuit diagrams with respect to a preferred embodiment, but without being restricted thereto.
In the drawings:
Fig. l is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram similar to Fig. l showing a second embodiment of ~he invention;
Figs. 3 to 8 are circuit diagrams of various types of magnetic switches which can be employed in the apparatus of the invention.
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The lighting installation illustrated in Figure 1 with the power source 1 and the switch element 2 posi-tioned centrally in the circuit has four individual light points, wherein individual switches 4, 6 and 8 provided with magnetic switches are associated with each of the individual light points 3 and 7 or with the group 5 of light points to be connected together, in the different embodiments of the lighting installation according to the invention. The individual switch 4 corresponds to embodi-ment a)~ The individual switch 6 corresponds to embodimentb) and the individual switch 8 corresponds to embodiment c) .
The central switch e:Lement 2 has a normal switch position and a temporary switch position, whereby the switch contact is closed in its normal switch position, e.g. by a suitable spring provided in the switch element, and thereby the circuit of the lighting installation according to the invention is also kept closed, whereas as a result of operating the switch element, e~g. by pressure against the force of the spring, the switch contact and thereby the circuit oE the lighting plant according to the invention may be broken for a short time.
In the embodiment a) of the individual light switch 4 associated with the individual light point 3, the magnetic switch is not only designed such that it may be operated by the lever arm 11, which is attracted by the electromagnet 9, is positioned rotatably at one of its ends and simultaneously causes the contact closure of the switch contact 10 of the magnetic switch, but it i5 also designed so that it may be opened and closed mechanically from outside via the operating lever 12 which is rotatably secured on its other free end.
If, in embodiment a) of the lighting installation according to the invention, the current is interrupted for a short time by operating the central switch 2, the electromagnet 9, due to the inherent weight of the lever arm 11 positioned thereunder, releases this arm 11, so that the switch contact 10 is opened and is kept open even when the central switch 2 returns to its closed normal switch position. If artificial light is required at the individual light point against the command of the central switching point 2 t the switch contact 10 is closed by pressing in the operating lever 12 of this embodiment of the individual switch and .it is kept closed due to the resulting flow o~ current through the electromagnet 9.
However, if switching off of this individual light point is required or a switching of~ of the Light point which is subsequently switched on again as described is required before the central switching off of the entire lighting installation, effected by operating the circuik element 2, the switch con~act 10 is opened by pushing the operating lever 12 up, applying an adequate pressure against the attractive force of the electromagnet 9, so that the electromagnet loses its attractive force and the switch contact 10 i5 openedO
In the embodiment b) of the lighting installa-tion according to the invention, the magnetic switch is only designed so that it may also be closed mechanically from outside. On the frame of the individual switch 6 associated with the individual light point 5, the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch may not only be oper-ated by the electromagnet 14 and the lever arm 14a which may be at~racted by the electromagnet 14, but the switch contact 13 may also be closed using the lever arm 15 which may be operated from outside the individual switch 6 by pressing in ~his lever arm 15. The switch element 16l 17 having a normal switch position and a temporary switch position is also provided in the individual switch, is connected in series to the maynetic switch and which, like the central switch element 2 keeps its switch contact 17 and thereby the circuit closed in its normal switch position and when it is operated hy pressing in the "Off" part of the operating switch, the switch contact 17 is broken for a short time via its operating lever 16 and thus the circuit is also broken for a short time.
If, as in the previous]y described case~ the central switch 2 is openecl for a short time, the current ~low in the electromagnet 14 and thus the resulting attraction is terminated and the electro-magnet 14, due to, for example, a spring acting on the lever arm of the magnetic switch, releases the attracted lever arm and the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch is opened and is kept open as a result o~ this action. If the individual light point is to be swtiched on again against the cen~ral control command of the switch element 2, the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch and thus the complete circuit is closed by pressing in this lever arm 15 and, due -to the then restored attraction of the electromagnet 14, the switch contact 13 is kept closed. If the individ-ual light point is then to be later switched off again, the circuit is broken for a short time by operating the switch element 16, 17 provided in the individual switch 6 and thus associated with the magnetic switch, so that the electromagnet 14 releases the lever arm of the magnetic switch and it re-opens its switch contact 13 and keeps it open. Thus, in the individual switch of the embodiment b) of the lighting installa~ion accord-in~ to the invention, the switc~, contact 13 of the magnetic switch takes over the swltching on operation, apart from keeping its contact closed, whereas the switching off operation is taken over by the switch , ~ . . . .. .
' - 10 .
t element 16, 17 associated therewith Since, as is known, due to the closing or opening operation of switch contacts and the sparking caused by these operations, power peaks , may occur, the magnet coil in embodiment b) may optionally by provided with a lower capacity as compared to embodi-ment a).
The embodiment c) provides an even lower load for the magnetic switch, in which embodiment the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch together with its magnet 19 only takes over the task of keeping the circuit closed. ~n addition to the swi~ch element 20, 21 of the embodiment b) connected in series to the magnetic switch r another switch element 22, 23 having a normal switch position and a temporary switch position is provided which is connected parallel to ~he switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch and is connected in series to the magnet 19 of the magne-tic switch and it keeps its switch contact 23 open in its normal switch position and its switch contact is closed for a short time when it is operated, so that the magnetic switch is designed to be operated from outside without any additional mechanical possibility. As a result of press-ing in the operating lever 20 associated with the ~witch contact 21, the circuit is broken for a short time, whereas upon pressing the operating press lever 22 associated with the switch contact 23, the circuit is even closed when the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is open.
If, as in the previously mentioned examples, the central switch 2 is operated and as a result of this, the circuit is broken for a short time, the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is opened, for example, due to a spring provided in the magnetic switch and holding its lever arm~ If the individual light point is to be switched on again against the ~37~ii4~
.
., .
~ .. . command of the central switching point 2, the switch ~'"',./.J,'' ~ contact 23 is closed for a short time by actuat.ing the operating lever 22, designed in this case as a rocker ~witch, and the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch ls closed and is kept closed, due to the current flow through the electromagnet of the magnetic switch. If t~e individual light point is then to be switched off . ~ . . aqain independently of the central control, the switch .` :. .~ contact 21 and thus the circuit for the individual light ' : 10 switch 7 is broken for a short time by actuating the operating lever 20 and thus, the switch contact 1~ of the magnetic switch associated therewith is also re-opened. .
Limited by the two-wire design and thus by . .; . 1~ the load switching of the magnet coil of the magnetic switch and the considerable load variations in the circuit of such lighting installations, the magnet ` ; of the magnetic switch may be charged with different . loads such that by adjusting the desiyn of the coil . 20 according to the load peak, the magnet of the magnetic .......... switch is not yet energised enough in the lower load i~...:.... range to reliably close.the switch contact of the ma~netic switch and to also ~;eep it closed. ~Iowever, . .- if the .coil of the magnetic switch is designed such that the switch contact of the magnetic switch is closed . reliably even in the.lower load range and is kept closed : w~th an adequate strength, there is a danger of . considerable overheating of the magnet and thus a danger ... of fire in the buildin~ having such lighting installa-' ~'.';!. `. 30 " tions where there is a load in the range of the peaks ... or even in the middle range of the load variations.
.~ In addition thereto, magnetic switches of this type have to be so large that it is no longer possible to .. house the indivldual switches produced therewith in conventional sized counter-sinkable wall boxes~
7~
However~ it is a particular object of an embodiment o~ the present invention to design the individual light points or groups of individual light points to be able to be switched on and off while using available two-wire lighting installations with conventionaily-sized connection boxes and without additional devices, i.e. exchanging the old switches for the new individual switches in lighting installations controlled centrally by a current pulse.
An~ther embodiment of the lighting installation according to the invention ancl of its individual light switches relates to the magnet:ic switches 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, 14, 15, or 18, 19 of the individual switches. It is schematically illustrated in Figure 2, for the magnetic switches 13, 14, 15 or 18, 19 o the individual switches (see also Fig. 7 and 8). This applies accordingly to the magnetic switch 9, 10, 11, 12 of embodiment a~ ~see also Fig. 6)~
The embodiment t which i5 improved with respect to heat control and is therefore particularly preferred, is characterised in that the magnetic switch is designed in the form of a double magnet havin~ a common magnet core and two connected magnet coils ga and ~b connected in parallel or 14a and 14b or l9a and l9b having respectively a switch contact lla and llb or 13a and 13b or 18a and 18b operated by the respective magnetic switch and connected in series to each magnet coil. One magnet coil is de-signed for low magnet power and it closes i~s contact when energised and keeps it closed, whereas the other coil and optionally also the contact lever of the switch contact associated with this coil is designed such that its switch contact only closes the contact and keeps it closed at a current intensity which corresponds to at least approximately three times, preferably four times~
the mini~um current intensity at which the magnetic switch with the magnet $~L~
co~l for low magnet power closes the swltch contact a~soclated therewith and keéps it closed, According to a prefcrred embodiment, the two magnet coils of the double magnet connected in parallel to each o-ther are wound one upon the other over a common magnet core.
It is most par-ticularly preferred for -the common magnet core of the double magnet to~be,formed from sheets mounted in parallel~
In these preferred embodiments with clouble magn~t, the varia-tion range of the magnet po~ler due to the load swi1;ehing o~ the magnet coil is thus subdi-vided so tha~ it is not necessary to construe the magnet coi~ to meet the highest magnet power demand with in this variation range in order to avoid the generation of anexces.sive amount of hea-t, The ~xact div1sion of the total power range is appropriately effected in -that the magnet coil designed for low magnet po~Jer covers approximately one third of the total variation range 2~ and approximately two thirds o~ t~e range i.s controlled by the magne-t coil designed ~or greater magnet powerJ
In this operation, the best division is to be estab-li~hed empirically for the respective design o~ the double magnet and switch contacts~ ' Instead of the magnetic switch9 other switch elements whîch may be operated by a temporary current pulse, such as relays controlled by a transistor, may also be used, in particular in the embodiment c) of the lighting installation according to the invention7 as ~o long as the relay is opened by this current pulse retransmitted via the mains of the lighting installation ~nd may be opened and closed according to the individual embodiments ~rom outside 9 and also separately for each ~ndividual light point, whether it is fully mechanical, according t;o embodiment a), partly mechanical according ~o embodiment b) or fully non-mechanical by suitable ., ~ 14 ~
pulse transmitters associated with the individual light points according to embodiment c). However, the switch element 2 must then also be replaced by a suitable central pulse transroitter. The embodiIi~ent illustrated, in which the control pulse is provided by a temporary interruption in the current, allows, however, a particularly simple design and is theref~re preferableO
The central switch e].ement 2 may be operated manually or using suitable control devices~ According to a particularly preferred embmodiment, the central switch element 2 constitutes a switch element which may be operated by the energising of a magnet coil and this switch element is oontrolled both by a conventional switch clock having at least two adjustable switch positions for actuating the switch of the switch clock as well as by a dimness switch connected in parallel thereto and optionally adjustable with respect to the light sensitivity.
Figures 3 to S show the individual light switches 4, 6 and 8 in the circuit diagram of Figure 1 schematically separate from the rest of the lighting installation in ~he preferred embodiment, Figures 6 to 8 show the individual light switches 4, 6 and 8 in the embodiment of Figure 2.
Thus, Fig. 6 shows the individual llght switch assigned to the lighting point 3 of Fig. 2, Fig. 8 shows the indi vidual light swi~ch assigned to the group 5 of lighting points of Fig. 2 and Fig~ 7 shows the individual light switch assigned to the lighting point 7 of Fig~ 2. Figs.
. ' , .
. .
There are also so-call~d "dimness switches", by which the artificial lighting is switched on or ofE
:- depending on the actual intensity of day~ight in a suitable manner by a current pulse released upon a specific light intensity. However, these systems also have the disadvantage that a control correspond~ing to ,;~ the actual requirement o light in all parts of~the . - building is impossible. The requirement for artiEicial ;~ lighting may vary quite considerably in the individual ; : lO parts of the building~ for example, depending on the aspect or on the distance rom neighbouring houses and the height thereof or on the amount of trees in front vf some of the windows of the building. This problem could, it is true, be alleviated by dividing the total : ~ 15 lighting system into individual groups having a si~ilar average light requirement and by switching the lighting on and off in each such section by a switch element .. i.-................................................ .
controlled by natural light~ However, the light ; requirement which varies considerably from person to person at the workplace cannot be considered eitner, so that people's health may also suffer to a considerable :: ex~ent due to inadequate lighting, even with such a ~ current-energy-saving central control of the lighting : in buildings. In this case as well, all of the lighting - 25 plant (or sections thereof) may either be switched on or switched off, so that individual switching of the individual light point is again impossible~ However, the arrangement of such control elements at each ",, individual wor~place in such buildings has been too , : . ;. ` .
3Q expensive until the present time.
~ The object of this invention is to provide a ; ;: lighting system having a plurality of individual light - points which may be centrally controlled and in which e~ch individual light point (or small groups of individ 3S ual light points, such as the light points of an entire ., ,~ . , , ; - 3 -. . . . . . . .
, . , ~ . . . .
~'7~
room) is simultaneously and individually switchable, so that even after general switching off of the lighting installation by the central control, individual light points (or groups of light points) may be switched on again or they may be switched off independently of the complete installation before the general switching off by the central automatic control. It is a particular object of the invention to provide such a lighting system which is operable with the already generally installed and therefore generally available two-wire cabling, so that additional cabling and supplementary devices are not necessary.
AccordLng to one aspect of the invention there is provided an electric power system for a house or the like, where there are a plurality of individual light sources at various locations and there is a two~wire cabling for power delivery, a system which provides for individual operation of said light sources at ~heir related locations for b~th activation and deactivation of related light sources, and also for deactivation of said light sources from a master location without interference with subse quent individual activation and deactivation o~ said light sources, said system comprising; a) a plurality of individual switch assemblies, each of which is operatively connected to at least a related one of said light sources for individual operation thereof, each individual switch assembly comprising: 1~ a first on-off .switch kept in its closed position by a magnet coil where power is delivered to said light source and kept in its open positlon where power is not delivered to said light source, 2) means to operate said first on-off switch independent from the force effected by the magnet coil to close it, to selectively aa) close and open said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and bb) close said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and to open said first on off switch electrically by means of a second normally kept closed on-off switch between said magnet coil and one oE the power outlets of said individual switch assembly and cc) open said first on-off switch electrically by said second on-off switch and to close said first on-off switch elec~rically by third normally kept open on-off switch arranged parallel to said first on-off switch, and b) master ~switch means which is nor-mally kept in its closed switch position and which may be opened for momentary power interruption of the electrical power system, resul~ing in an opening of said first on~off switch of each individual switch assembly.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided an individual switch assembly useful in the system as recited above, wherein it has a first switch and an electromagnet which are connected in series to each other, whereby the first switch may be closed and kept closed by the electromagnet when electric current flows through the electromagnet and it may be closed or opened mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly.
According to yet another aspect of the invention there is provided an individual switch assembly useful in a system as recited above, comprising ~wo power outlet points and an electrical connection therebetween, a first switch having an electromagnet and which first switch is closed when an electrical current runs through its electromagnet and wherein there is provided a second switch and a third switch operated independently of each other, sald third switch being connected in parallel to the first switch.
Within the context of the present inventiont s ..~ : the term "magnetic switch" is understood to mean a .~. switch element having a swi.tch cont~ct and. ?,n electro-; magnet connected in series~ wh:ich switch contact is closed ana is kept closed when current flows through the electromagnet, e.g. by a lever arm which is then attracted by the electromayne~/ and whi.ch is opened and . ~.- i~ kept open wh~n the current no longer flows ~hrough .. the electromagnet, e.gL by a spring actin~ on the - -: . switch contact or on the lever arm connected therewith or by a suitable three-dimensional arrangement or even . by its inherent weight~.
This preferred embodiment of the lighting installation according to the invention is character .; ised in that a switch e3.ement having a normal switch .15 position and a temporary adjustabl.e, variable switch '"~ position is provided centrally in the circuit, i.e~
.. " .. . ..
;, '~ '~`7'.' ''.''., ' ' between the power source and the first branch of the . ;: circuit to the individual light points connected in ; parallel, which switch element keeps the circuitclosed in its normal switch position and the circuit is . broken for a short time when the switch element is .:. . .. .operated and a magnetic switch is associated with each ... . .
.. ,~.. ~. individual li~ht point or groups of individual ligh~
. ;. points,.the switch contact of the magnetic swi~ch being kept closed during the current flow and opening .. .. . . . . .. ~ . . . when there is a break in the circuit and remainin~
open even when the central switch element is subsequent-ly closed, without further intervention, and said magnetic ~ ;. switch is either:
.` 30 . a). designed so that it may also be opened and closed mechanical.ly from outside, or ;~. . b) designed so that it may also be closed mechanically ~ .from outside and in this design, another switch : . el~ment having a normal switch position and a . 35 temporary adjustable variable switch position is . ,, , , - , . . .
........ ... ... . ~ _ 6 . ~ ., ,,~ ~ .
75~
provided, associated with the magnetic switch and connected in series thereto, which switch element keeps the circuit in its normal switch posi~ion and the circuit is broken for a short time when the switch element is operated, or c) designed without mechanical means fo~ operation from outside, as embodimen~s a) and b), but wherein a second switch element having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is provided which second ~3witch element is associated with the magnetic switch and connected in series there-to, this second switch element keeping the circuit closed in its normal switch position and breaking the circuit for a short time when the switch element is operated, and wherein a third switch element having a normal switch position and a temporary adjustable, variable switch position is provided associated with the magnetic switch and connected parallel to the switch contact of the magnekic switch and connected in series to the electromagnet of the magnetic switch, this third switch element keeping its switch contact open in its normal switch position and when this third switch element is operated, its switch contact and ~hereby the circuit is closed for a short time even when the switch contact of the magnetic switch is open.
The lighting installation according to the in-vention is schematically illustrated and explained in the following drawings and circuit diagrams with respect to a preferred embodiment, but without being restricted thereto.
In the drawings:
Fig. l is a circuit diagram showing one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram similar to Fig. l showing a second embodiment of ~he invention;
Figs. 3 to 8 are circuit diagrams of various types of magnetic switches which can be employed in the apparatus of the invention.
.~
The lighting installation illustrated in Figure 1 with the power source 1 and the switch element 2 posi-tioned centrally in the circuit has four individual light points, wherein individual switches 4, 6 and 8 provided with magnetic switches are associated with each of the individual light points 3 and 7 or with the group 5 of light points to be connected together, in the different embodiments of the lighting installation according to the invention. The individual switch 4 corresponds to embodi-ment a)~ The individual switch 6 corresponds to embodimentb) and the individual switch 8 corresponds to embodiment c) .
The central switch e:Lement 2 has a normal switch position and a temporary switch position, whereby the switch contact is closed in its normal switch position, e.g. by a suitable spring provided in the switch element, and thereby the circuit of the lighting installation according to the invention is also kept closed, whereas as a result of operating the switch element, e~g. by pressure against the force of the spring, the switch contact and thereby the circuit oE the lighting plant according to the invention may be broken for a short time.
In the embodiment a) of the individual light switch 4 associated with the individual light point 3, the magnetic switch is not only designed such that it may be operated by the lever arm 11, which is attracted by the electromagnet 9, is positioned rotatably at one of its ends and simultaneously causes the contact closure of the switch contact 10 of the magnetic switch, but it i5 also designed so that it may be opened and closed mechanically from outside via the operating lever 12 which is rotatably secured on its other free end.
If, in embodiment a) of the lighting installation according to the invention, the current is interrupted for a short time by operating the central switch 2, the electromagnet 9, due to the inherent weight of the lever arm 11 positioned thereunder, releases this arm 11, so that the switch contact 10 is opened and is kept open even when the central switch 2 returns to its closed normal switch position. If artificial light is required at the individual light point against the command of the central switching point 2 t the switch contact 10 is closed by pressing in the operating lever 12 of this embodiment of the individual switch and .it is kept closed due to the resulting flow o~ current through the electromagnet 9.
However, if switching off of this individual light point is required or a switching of~ of the Light point which is subsequently switched on again as described is required before the central switching off of the entire lighting installation, effected by operating the circuik element 2, the switch con~act 10 is opened by pushing the operating lever 12 up, applying an adequate pressure against the attractive force of the electromagnet 9, so that the electromagnet loses its attractive force and the switch contact 10 i5 openedO
In the embodiment b) of the lighting installa-tion according to the invention, the magnetic switch is only designed so that it may also be closed mechanically from outside. On the frame of the individual switch 6 associated with the individual light point 5, the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch may not only be oper-ated by the electromagnet 14 and the lever arm 14a which may be at~racted by the electromagnet 14, but the switch contact 13 may also be closed using the lever arm 15 which may be operated from outside the individual switch 6 by pressing in ~his lever arm 15. The switch element 16l 17 having a normal switch position and a temporary switch position is also provided in the individual switch, is connected in series to the maynetic switch and which, like the central switch element 2 keeps its switch contact 17 and thereby the circuit closed in its normal switch position and when it is operated hy pressing in the "Off" part of the operating switch, the switch contact 17 is broken for a short time via its operating lever 16 and thus the circuit is also broken for a short time.
If, as in the previous]y described case~ the central switch 2 is openecl for a short time, the current ~low in the electromagnet 14 and thus the resulting attraction is terminated and the electro-magnet 14, due to, for example, a spring acting on the lever arm of the magnetic switch, releases the attracted lever arm and the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch is opened and is kept open as a result o~ this action. If the individual light point is to be swtiched on again against the cen~ral control command of the switch element 2, the switch contact 13 of the magnetic switch and thus the complete circuit is closed by pressing in this lever arm 15 and, due -to the then restored attraction of the electromagnet 14, the switch contact 13 is kept closed. If the individ-ual light point is then to be later switched off again, the circuit is broken for a short time by operating the switch element 16, 17 provided in the individual switch 6 and thus associated with the magnetic switch, so that the electromagnet 14 releases the lever arm of the magnetic switch and it re-opens its switch contact 13 and keeps it open. Thus, in the individual switch of the embodiment b) of the lighting installa~ion accord-in~ to the invention, the switc~, contact 13 of the magnetic switch takes over the swltching on operation, apart from keeping its contact closed, whereas the switching off operation is taken over by the switch , ~ . . . .. .
' - 10 .
t element 16, 17 associated therewith Since, as is known, due to the closing or opening operation of switch contacts and the sparking caused by these operations, power peaks , may occur, the magnet coil in embodiment b) may optionally by provided with a lower capacity as compared to embodi-ment a).
The embodiment c) provides an even lower load for the magnetic switch, in which embodiment the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch together with its magnet 19 only takes over the task of keeping the circuit closed. ~n addition to the swi~ch element 20, 21 of the embodiment b) connected in series to the magnetic switch r another switch element 22, 23 having a normal switch position and a temporary switch position is provided which is connected parallel to ~he switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch and is connected in series to the magnet 19 of the magne-tic switch and it keeps its switch contact 23 open in its normal switch position and its switch contact is closed for a short time when it is operated, so that the magnetic switch is designed to be operated from outside without any additional mechanical possibility. As a result of press-ing in the operating lever 20 associated with the ~witch contact 21, the circuit is broken for a short time, whereas upon pressing the operating press lever 22 associated with the switch contact 23, the circuit is even closed when the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is open.
If, as in the previously mentioned examples, the central switch 2 is operated and as a result of this, the circuit is broken for a short time, the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch is opened, for example, due to a spring provided in the magnetic switch and holding its lever arm~ If the individual light point is to be switched on again against the ~37~ii4~
.
., .
~ .. . command of the central switching point 2, the switch ~'"',./.J,'' ~ contact 23 is closed for a short time by actuat.ing the operating lever 22, designed in this case as a rocker ~witch, and the switch contact 18 of the magnetic switch ls closed and is kept closed, due to the current flow through the electromagnet of the magnetic switch. If t~e individual light point is then to be switched off . ~ . . aqain independently of the central control, the switch .` :. .~ contact 21 and thus the circuit for the individual light ' : 10 switch 7 is broken for a short time by actuating the operating lever 20 and thus, the switch contact 1~ of the magnetic switch associated therewith is also re-opened. .
Limited by the two-wire design and thus by . .; . 1~ the load switching of the magnet coil of the magnetic switch and the considerable load variations in the circuit of such lighting installations, the magnet ` ; of the magnetic switch may be charged with different . loads such that by adjusting the desiyn of the coil . 20 according to the load peak, the magnet of the magnetic .......... switch is not yet energised enough in the lower load i~...:.... range to reliably close.the switch contact of the ma~netic switch and to also ~;eep it closed. ~Iowever, . .- if the .coil of the magnetic switch is designed such that the switch contact of the magnetic switch is closed . reliably even in the.lower load range and is kept closed : w~th an adequate strength, there is a danger of . considerable overheating of the magnet and thus a danger ... of fire in the buildin~ having such lighting installa-' ~'.';!. `. 30 " tions where there is a load in the range of the peaks ... or even in the middle range of the load variations.
.~ In addition thereto, magnetic switches of this type have to be so large that it is no longer possible to .. house the indivldual switches produced therewith in conventional sized counter-sinkable wall boxes~
7~
However~ it is a particular object of an embodiment o~ the present invention to design the individual light points or groups of individual light points to be able to be switched on and off while using available two-wire lighting installations with conventionaily-sized connection boxes and without additional devices, i.e. exchanging the old switches for the new individual switches in lighting installations controlled centrally by a current pulse.
An~ther embodiment of the lighting installation according to the invention ancl of its individual light switches relates to the magnet:ic switches 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, 14, 15, or 18, 19 of the individual switches. It is schematically illustrated in Figure 2, for the magnetic switches 13, 14, 15 or 18, 19 o the individual switches (see also Fig. 7 and 8). This applies accordingly to the magnetic switch 9, 10, 11, 12 of embodiment a~ ~see also Fig. 6)~
The embodiment t which i5 improved with respect to heat control and is therefore particularly preferred, is characterised in that the magnetic switch is designed in the form of a double magnet havin~ a common magnet core and two connected magnet coils ga and ~b connected in parallel or 14a and 14b or l9a and l9b having respectively a switch contact lla and llb or 13a and 13b or 18a and 18b operated by the respective magnetic switch and connected in series to each magnet coil. One magnet coil is de-signed for low magnet power and it closes i~s contact when energised and keeps it closed, whereas the other coil and optionally also the contact lever of the switch contact associated with this coil is designed such that its switch contact only closes the contact and keeps it closed at a current intensity which corresponds to at least approximately three times, preferably four times~
the mini~um current intensity at which the magnetic switch with the magnet $~L~
co~l for low magnet power closes the swltch contact a~soclated therewith and keéps it closed, According to a prefcrred embodiment, the two magnet coils of the double magnet connected in parallel to each o-ther are wound one upon the other over a common magnet core.
It is most par-ticularly preferred for -the common magnet core of the double magnet to~be,formed from sheets mounted in parallel~
In these preferred embodiments with clouble magn~t, the varia-tion range of the magnet po~ler due to the load swi1;ehing o~ the magnet coil is thus subdi-vided so tha~ it is not necessary to construe the magnet coi~ to meet the highest magnet power demand with in this variation range in order to avoid the generation of anexces.sive amount of hea-t, The ~xact div1sion of the total power range is appropriately effected in -that the magnet coil designed for low magnet po~Jer covers approximately one third of the total variation range 2~ and approximately two thirds o~ t~e range i.s controlled by the magne-t coil designed ~or greater magnet powerJ
In this operation, the best division is to be estab-li~hed empirically for the respective design o~ the double magnet and switch contacts~ ' Instead of the magnetic switch9 other switch elements whîch may be operated by a temporary current pulse, such as relays controlled by a transistor, may also be used, in particular in the embodiment c) of the lighting installation according to the invention7 as ~o long as the relay is opened by this current pulse retransmitted via the mains of the lighting installation ~nd may be opened and closed according to the individual embodiments ~rom outside 9 and also separately for each ~ndividual light point, whether it is fully mechanical, according t;o embodiment a), partly mechanical according ~o embodiment b) or fully non-mechanical by suitable ., ~ 14 ~
pulse transmitters associated with the individual light points according to embodiment c). However, the switch element 2 must then also be replaced by a suitable central pulse transroitter. The embodiIi~ent illustrated, in which the control pulse is provided by a temporary interruption in the current, allows, however, a particularly simple design and is theref~re preferableO
The central switch e].ement 2 may be operated manually or using suitable control devices~ According to a particularly preferred embmodiment, the central switch element 2 constitutes a switch element which may be operated by the energising of a magnet coil and this switch element is oontrolled both by a conventional switch clock having at least two adjustable switch positions for actuating the switch of the switch clock as well as by a dimness switch connected in parallel thereto and optionally adjustable with respect to the light sensitivity.
Figures 3 to S show the individual light switches 4, 6 and 8 in the circuit diagram of Figure 1 schematically separate from the rest of the lighting installation in ~he preferred embodiment, Figures 6 to 8 show the individual light switches 4, 6 and 8 in the embodiment of Figure 2.
Thus, Fig. 6 shows the individual llght switch assigned to the lighting point 3 of Fig. 2, Fig. 8 shows the indi vidual light swi~ch assigned to the group 5 of lighting points of Fig. 2 and Fig~ 7 shows the individual light switch assigned to the lighting point 7 of Fig~ 2. Figs.
3 to 5 show in the same way the individual liyht switches assigned to the lighting points 3, 5 and 7 of Fig~ 1.
,~.
:.
,~.
:.
Claims (10)
1. In an electric power system for a house or the like, where there are a plurality of individual light sources at various locations and there is a two-wire cabling for power delivery, a system which provides for individual operation of said light sources at their related locations for both activation and deactivation of related light sources, and also for deactivation of said light sources from a master location without interference with subse-quent individual activation and deactivation of said light sources, said system comprising;
a) a plurality of individual switch assemblies, each of which is operatively connected to at least a related one of said light sources for individual operation thereof, each individual switch assembly comprising:
1) a first on-off switch kept in its closed position by a magnet coil where power is delivered to said light source and kept in its open position where power is not delivered to said light source, 2) means to operate said first on-off switch inde-pendent from the force effected by the magnet coil to close it, to selectively aa) close and open said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and bb) close said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and to open said first on-off switch elec-trically by means of a second normally kept closed on-off switch between said magnet coil and one of the power outlets of said individual switch assembly and cc) open said first on-off switch electrically by said second on-off switch and to close said first on-off switch electrically by third normally kept open on-off switch arranged parallel to said first on-off switch, and b) master switch means which is normally kept in its closed switch position and which may be opened for momentary power interruption of the electrical power system, resulting in an opening of said first on-off switch of each individual switch assembly.
a) a plurality of individual switch assemblies, each of which is operatively connected to at least a related one of said light sources for individual operation thereof, each individual switch assembly comprising:
1) a first on-off switch kept in its closed position by a magnet coil where power is delivered to said light source and kept in its open position where power is not delivered to said light source, 2) means to operate said first on-off switch inde-pendent from the force effected by the magnet coil to close it, to selectively aa) close and open said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and bb) close said first on-off switch mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly and to open said first on-off switch elec-trically by means of a second normally kept closed on-off switch between said magnet coil and one of the power outlets of said individual switch assembly and cc) open said first on-off switch electrically by said second on-off switch and to close said first on-off switch electrically by third normally kept open on-off switch arranged parallel to said first on-off switch, and b) master switch means which is normally kept in its closed switch position and which may be opened for momentary power interruption of the electrical power system, resulting in an opening of said first on-off switch of each individual switch assembly.
2. The system as recited in Claim 1, wherein the first on-off switch together with the magnet coil operating it for closure, comprising a double magnet having a common magnet core, two magnet coils connected in parallel and each switch contact operated for closure by the respec-tive magnetic coil connected in series to each magnet coil, one of the two magnet coils being designed for low magnet power and closing its switch contact and keeping it closed where power is delivered to the system while the other coil being designed such that it only closes its switch contact and keeps it closed when there is a current intensity which corresponds to at least approximately three times the minimum current intensity at which the magnet coil for low magnet power closes the switch contact associated therewith and keeps it closed.
3. The system as recited in Claim 2, wherein the magnet coils of the double magnet connected in parallel to each other are wound one upon the other over the common magnet core.
4. The system as recited in Claim 2, wherein the common magnet core of the double magnet is formed from sheets packed in parallel.
5. The system as recited in Claimi 3, wherein the common magnet core of the double magnet is formed from sheets packed in parallel.
6. The system as recited in Claim 1, wherein the master switch means is a switch which may be operated by the energizing of a magnet coil, and it may be energized by a conventional switch clock having at least two adjustable switch positions for actuating the switch of the switch clock.
7. An individual switch assembly useful in the system as recited in Claim 1, wherein it has a first switch and an electromagnet which are connected in series to each other, whereby the first switch may be closed and kept closed by the electromagnet when electric current flows through the electromagnet and it may be closed or opened mechanically from outside the individual switch assembly.
8. An individual switch assembly useful in a system as recited in Claim 1, comprising two power outlet points and an electrical connection therebetween, a first switch having an electromagnet and which first switch is closed when an electrical current runs through its electromagnet and wherein there is provided a second switch and a third switch operated independently of each other, said third switch being connected in parallel to the first switch.
9. The individual light assembly according to Claim 8, wherein the first switch has a switch contact to be actuated by its magnetic coil when current flows through the magnet coil and is kept closed as long as current flows therethrough and is opened by a spring and is kept open when there is no current flowing through its magnet coil.
10. The individual switch assembly according to Claim 9, wherein the second switch and the third switch combined in the form of a known rocker switch having a central neutral switch position whereby in the central neutral switch position, the second switch keeps its contact and thereby the electrical connection closed and it opens these for a short time upon actuation by the rocker switch, whereas the third switch keeps the contact open and closes it for a short time upon actuation of the rocker switch.
Applications Claiming Priority (16)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3018946.9 | 1980-05-17 | ||
| DE3018946A DE3018946C2 (en) | 1980-05-17 | 1980-05-17 | Lighting circuit with central automatic control and an individual light switch |
| DE8014523U DE8014523U1 (en) | 1980-05-30 | 1980-05-30 | Control element for lighting systems |
| DEG8014523.9 | 1980-05-30 | ||
| DE19803029191 DE3029191A1 (en) | 1980-08-01 | 1980-08-01 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
| DE19803029201 DE3029201A1 (en) | 1980-08-01 | 1980-08-01 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
| DEP3029191.9 | 1980-08-01 | ||
| DE19803029200 DE3029200A1 (en) | 1980-08-01 | 1980-08-01 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
| DEP3029200.3 | 1980-08-01 | ||
| DEP3029201.4 | 1980-08-01 | ||
| DEP3042575.3 | 1980-11-12 | ||
| DE19803042575 DE3042575A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 | 1980-11-12 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
| DEP3042598.0 | 1980-11-12 | ||
| DE19803042551 DE3042551A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 | 1980-11-12 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
| DEP3042551.5 | 1980-11-12 | ||
| DE19803042598 DE3042598A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 | 1980-11-12 | Centrally controlled lighting installation for public buildings - has switches for individual lights allowing their operation independently of central switch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1197548A true CA1197548A (en) | 1985-12-03 |
Family
ID=27570534
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000377299A Expired CA1197548A (en) | 1980-05-17 | 1981-05-11 | Centrally controlled lighting installation having a plurality of individually-switchable individual light points, central switch elements and individual light switches therefor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0040339B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1197548A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK216781A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4777384A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1988-10-11 | Altenhof Terrence G | Source voltage triggered timer |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2151115A (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1985-07-10 | Concord Controls Limited | Control circuit for a fluorescent tube |
| US5170068A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1992-12-08 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Master electrical load control system |
| DE4204462A1 (en) * | 1991-02-18 | 1992-08-20 | Doepke & Co Schaltgeraetefabri | CURRENT RELAY |
| DE19506054C1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-08-01 | Becker Automatisierungstechnik | Electronic remote switch for central switching of e.g. lighting units and for insertion into existing installations |
| US8154841B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2012-04-10 | Legrand Home Systems, Inc. | Current zero cross switching relay module using a voltage monitor |
| US7755506B1 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2010-07-13 | Legrand Home Systems, Inc. | Automation and theater control system |
| US7778262B2 (en) | 2005-09-07 | 2010-08-17 | Vantage Controls, Inc. | Radio frequency multiple protocol bridge |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB162587A (en) * | 1920-08-05 | 1921-05-05 | Pieter Das | Improvements in and relating to electric-emergency lighting installations |
| GB483275A (en) * | 1936-10-12 | 1938-04-12 | Batteries Ltd | Improvements in or relating to electric lighting and power systems |
| US2248271A (en) * | 1940-09-06 | 1941-07-08 | South Bend Current Controller | Circuit controlling device |
| US2476517A (en) * | 1947-09-19 | 1949-07-19 | Horace L Titus | Electric lighting system |
| GB724637A (en) * | 1952-08-29 | 1955-02-23 | Philips Electrical Ind Ltd | Improvements in or relating to lighting and like circuits |
| US3483424A (en) * | 1964-05-06 | 1969-12-09 | Delmatic Ltd | Electric lighting installation for a building |
| DE1665501B1 (en) * | 1967-12-13 | 1971-04-01 | Ruhstrat Kg | SWITCHING DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC SWITCHING FROM MAINS-SUPPLIED ROOM LIGHTING TO BATTERY-SUPPLIED SAFE LIGHTING IN THE EVENT OF A MAINS FAILURE 1 |
| GB1296539A (en) * | 1969-12-24 | 1972-11-15 | ||
| FR2262896A1 (en) * | 1974-02-28 | 1975-09-26 | Scit | Automatic light switch actuated by ambient light conditions - employing photocell to monitor ambient light |
-
1981
- 1981-05-01 EP EP81103295A patent/EP0040339B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-11 CA CA000377299A patent/CA1197548A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-14 DK DK216781A patent/DK216781A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4777384A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1988-10-11 | Altenhof Terrence G | Source voltage triggered timer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0040339A1 (en) | 1981-11-25 |
| EP0040339B1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| DK216781A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
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| MKEX | Expiry |