EP0036491B1 - Distributeur pour produits pâteux - Google Patents

Distributeur pour produits pâteux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0036491B1
EP0036491B1 EP81101240A EP81101240A EP0036491B1 EP 0036491 B1 EP0036491 B1 EP 0036491B1 EP 81101240 A EP81101240 A EP 81101240A EP 81101240 A EP81101240 A EP 81101240A EP 0036491 B1 EP0036491 B1 EP 0036491B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rod
arm
piston
dispenser
rocking lever
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81101240A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0036491A1 (fr
Inventor
Alfred Von Schuckmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Colgate Palmolive Co
Original Assignee
Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6095761&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0036491(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Colgate Palmolive Co filed Critical Colgate Palmolive Co
Priority to AT81101240T priority Critical patent/ATE9311T1/de
Publication of EP0036491A1 publication Critical patent/EP0036491A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0036491B1 publication Critical patent/EP0036491B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/0005—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container
    • B65D83/0022—Containers or packages provided with a piston or with a movable bottom or partition having approximately the same section as the container moved by a reciprocable plunger
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47K—SANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K5/00—Holders or dispensers for soap, toothpaste, or the like
    • A47K5/06—Dispensers for soap
    • A47K5/12—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap
    • A47K5/1201—Dispensers for soap for liquid or pasty soap hand-carried

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispenser for pasty masses consisting of a tubular container with a mouthpiece opening and a piston movable in the direction thereof with a one-way locking mechanism and an actuating element provided on the mouthpiece side for moving the piston, which is coupled to a rod extending in the longitudinal direction of the housing is which can be brought into engagement with the locking mechanism of the piston.
  • Dispensers in the form of tubular containers with an actuating element on the mouthpiece side, in which a piston which can be moved towards the mouthpiece opening and on which a pulling element engages are e.g. known from DE-C-261 954.
  • the traction member consists of a band, the lower end of which engages the piston and the mouth end of which is wound on the shaft when the actuating elements are actuated.
  • Such dispensers are technically complicated; their operation is disadvantageous. In particular, one-handed operation is not possible.
  • dispensers in which a piston is moved in a cylindrical housing by means of a rod, the rod being displaceable by an actuating element and connected to the piston via a one-way locking mechanism is.
  • These dispensers which are somewhat simpler in construction, allow one-handed operation; however, they have the disadvantage that the actuating element lies opposite the mouthpiece opening, which leads to inaccurate and unwieldy operation.
  • the rod is actuated, i.e. during the emptying process, loaded under pressure and must therefore have considerable kink stability, which above all requires a relatively large cross section of the rod, as a result of which filling volume for the dispenser is lost.
  • a rocker lift is provided as an actuating element at the lower end of the body of the container, which in turn has the disadvantage that the rod is empty and depressed when the rocker arm is depressed runs counter to the dispensing direction, so that exact dosing is not possible. Furthermore, the rod is stressed when it is conveyed, which has the disadvantages mentioned above. In addition to the cumbersome and imprecise handling of the control element at the end of the container, the manufacture and filling of such dispensers is also complex.
  • the object of the present invention is to design a dispenser of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that, with a simplified and more convenient construction, easier handling, in particular convenient one-hand operation, is achieved, in which the above-mentioned disadvantages of inadequate dosage and poor filling are eliminated.
  • the rod which is coupled to the piston via a one-way locking mechanism, is subjected to tensile stress during the working step, so that the rod can be designed to have a smaller cross section than a rod which is under pressure, above all based on larger housing lengths, the risk of deflection could not be excluded.
  • the reduced-section rod also meets efforts to save material.
  • the filling contents are dispensed extremely conveniently in small dosing steps. For this purpose, the mouth end of the rod sits on one arm of a double-armed rocker arm mounted in the housing, the other arm of which is designed as an actuating pressure surface.
  • Such a rocker can be operated like a pump lever which can be acted upon mutually by the actuating finger pressing in a mutually displaced manner. Since the mouthpiece opening can be in the immediate vicinity of the rocker arm, such a type of actuation is readily possible, the remaining fingers of the hand securely encompassing the container, so that the filling contents can be dispensed in an exactly placeable manner.
  • the measure that the rod and the rocker arm are formed from the same material, that is to say as a coherent insert, is of particular structural advantage.
  • the articulation zone between the two functional parts, namely the rod and the rocker arm is achieved in a simple manner in that the rod has a bending zone which is tapered in cross section in the region of its attachment.
  • An insert part formed from a correspondingly flexible, elastic material is also able to compensate linear and circular movements overlapping one another.
  • a simpler one-sided rocker arm actuation can also be carried out simply by the rocker arm being spring-loaded in the direction of its basic position.
  • a corresponding return spring can be realized using the restoring force of the material used in the simplest of ways by the fact that the spring on the underside of the rocker arm is integrally formed as a tongue.
  • rocker arm lies in the region of its one, shorter arm in a recess of a step, the recess side flanks of which have bearing openings for clipping in the bearing pins of the rocker arm, and the longer arm of which projects freely over the step that it overlaps a partial surface of the upper housing end wall on which the spring is supported. It is also advantageous here if the end of the spring protrudes into a depression in the housing end wall.
  • the dispenser designed in the form of a tubular housing 1 is penetrated by a centrally located, smooth rod 2.
  • a piston 3 runs on it as a press base.
  • the running surface 3 'of the piston runs on the cylindrical housing inner wall 1'.
  • the housing 1 forms a decentralized mouthpiece 4 in the region of its upper end wall 1 ", which finally merges into a mouthpiece opening 4 'with a further reduced cross section.
  • the housing end wall 1 is perforated centrally.
  • the corresponding opening 5 is penetrated to the outside by the rod 2.
  • the latter merges there into a rocker arm W.
  • the corresponding double-armed nature of the rocker arm is such that one, shorter arm 6 is connected to one with the rocker arm connected approach 7 and a subsequent joint 8 is connected to the axially displaceable rod.
  • the other, longer arm 9 of the rocker arm W serves as an actuating pressure surface. It is grooved across the top to increase grip. The grooving is designated 10.
  • the articulation point 8 is realized as a bending zone of reduced cross-section lying between the projection 7 and the rod 2 in the manner of a film hinge.
  • the length of this reduced-cross-section bending zone takes into account certain small transverse displacements resulting from the tilting movement of the rocker arm W due to the arcuate movement of the rocker arm.
  • the rocker joint axis is marked xx.
  • the rod becomes axially displaced in the dispensing direction. It is therefore subject to tension during the work step.
  • the piston 3 is dragged along so that the pasty filling content F is dispensed in a metered manner via the mouthpiece opening 4 '.
  • the stroke length is about 1-2 mm each.
  • a one-way locking mechanism is assigned to the piston.
  • the latter consists of a spring washer 12 seated on one broad side of the piston 3.
  • This has radially inwardly directed tongues 13.
  • the tongues 13 extend in the same angular distribution and are bent with respect to the transverse plane corresponding to the piston position in such a way that they align with theirs Support end edges 13 'under spring tension on the lateral surface of the rod 2 at a level offset. Their inclination faces away from the mouthpiece side.
  • the piston 3 is therefore only dragged by the rod 2 pulled axially in the direction of the mouthpiece when the longer arm 9 of the rocker arm W is depressed.
  • a corresponding spring 14 is the underside of the rocker arm, i.e. the underside of the longer arm 9 integrally formed as a tongue. It is rooted in the free end of this arm and extends in an arc shape in the direction of the rod 2.
  • the spring 14 can have a certain pretension.
  • the rod 2 which is relatively thin in cross-section, has a truncated cone-shaped thickening 15 in the region of the opening 5 of the housing end wall 1 ′′, which lies in a shape-matched, funnel-shaped widening of the opening 5.
  • the piston 3 forms a sealing lip 16 on the side facing the mouthpiece opening, which extends as far as the outer surface of the rod 2, the contents F are also prevented from passing onto the opposite side of the piston, so that no losses occur.
  • the corresponding protruding sealing lip 16 continues after the section forming the actual piston sliding surface 3 'into a pocket 17 lying on the side facing away from the dispensing direction for the incorporation of the spring washer 12. These can be clip tongues.
  • the spring washer 12 can of course also be injected into the elastic piston body.
  • the free end of the rod is mounted in a centrally located sleeve 19 which is molded onto the cover 18 of the container 1 and which has a height which takes into account the axial stroke of the rod, so that there the axial guidance is maintained even when the piston 3 is further shifted in the output direction.
  • the lid can be assigned by means of the clip holder. It has a pressure equalization opening, not shown.
  • the rocker axis x-x is realized in the form of the rocker arm W laterally formed axle stub 11.
  • the rocker arm When the rocker arm is assigned, the latter clip into corresponding bearing openings 20 on the side flanks 21 of a recess 22.
  • the corresponding recess 22 is located in the area of a step St of the upper housing end wall 1 ′′.
  • the horizontal rocker arm mounting lying transversely to the rod 2 and offset to it is made in the upper area of the recess 22, so that due to the step and the opposite the upper recess zone of the lower end wall section 1 ′′, there is an operating space for lowering the longer arm 9.
  • the longer arm protrudes accordingly above the St level.
  • the partial surface of the housing end wall 1 ′′ encompassed by the longer arm has a shaft-like depression 23 into which the free end of the spring 14 protrudes.
  • the area on the output side of the housing can be designed essentially according to the contour of the sealing lip 16 of the piston.
  • the entire dispenser head is covered by a protective cap 24 which is stop-limited in the plug-on direction by a shoulder 25 at the level of the housing end wall 1 ".
  • the protective cap 24 has a hold-down mandrel N which extends from its cover 24 'on the inside (cf. FIG. 3). The latter is molded onto the cap. The end face of the tapered mandrel ends directly above the arm 6 of the rocker arm W.
  • the purpose of this embodiment is to prevent the stub axle 11 formed on the rocker arm from being pressed out of the recess 22 when the piston 3 is bounced. This cannot be ruled out in cases where the clip forces are insufficient due to the possible different tolerances for the clip holder lying in the direction of the rod. In such cases, the hold-down mandrel forms an abutment that has grown correspondingly.
  • the protective cap 24 itself is held, for example, using a short thread on the housing itself.
  • the protective cap forms a strong chamfer in the area of its corner zone on the ceiling. This is adapted to the bevel of the mouthpiece opening edge, so that there is a sealing closure that prevents the contents from drying out.
  • the hold-down mandrel N is located coaxially with the central rod 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cold Cathode And The Manufacture (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Distributeur pour masses pâteuses comprenant un récipient tubulaire (1) avec une ouverture d'embouchure (4'), et un piston (3) mobile dans la direction de celle-ci, avec un encliquetage (12, 13) agissant d'un seul côté et en un élément de commande pour la mise en mouvement du piston, prévu du côté de l'embouchure, qui est couplé à une tige (2) s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale du boîtier (1), lequel peut être amené à engrener avec l'encliquetage (12, 13) du piston (3), caractérisé en ce que:
a) l'élément de commande revêt la forme d'un levier à bascule (W), dont un bras (6) est couplé avec la tige (2) de telle sorte que cette dernière soit déplaçable dans le sens de la délivrance en abaissant l'élément de commande, et dont l'autre bras (9) revêt la forme de la surface de pression de l'élément de commande, et
b) la tige (2) et le levier à bascule (W) sont formés de la même matière.
2. Distributeur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le levier à bascule (W) est inclus, dans le domaine de son premier bras (6), le plus court, dans un évidement (22) d'un redan (St), dont les flancs latéraux (21) de l'évidement présentent des ouvertures de palier (20) pour l'emboîtement par pinçage des tourillons du levier à bascule, et dont le bras le plus long (9) fait saillie librement de telle sorte qu'il empiète sur une surface partielle de la paroi frontale supérieure (1"') du boîtier, sur laquelle bute le ressort (14).
3. Distributeur suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la tige (2) est reliée par une saillie (7) au bras le plus court (6) du levier à bascule (W) et possède dans le domaine de la saillie (7) une zone de flexion ou une articulation (8) de section diminuée.
4. Distributeur suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le levier à bascule (W) est chargé par un ressort dans le sens de sa position initiale et en ce que le ressort (14) est formé comme une languette à la partie inférieure du levier à bascule (W).
EP81101240A 1980-02-28 1981-02-21 Distributeur pour produits pâteux Expired EP0036491B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81101240T ATE9311T1 (de) 1980-02-28 1981-02-21 Spender fuer pastoese massen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3007480 1980-02-28
DE19803007480 DE3007480A1 (de) 1980-02-28 1980-02-28 Spender fuer insbesondere pastoese massen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0036491A1 EP0036491A1 (fr) 1981-09-30
EP0036491B1 true EP0036491B1 (fr) 1984-09-12

Family

ID=6095761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81101240A Expired EP0036491B1 (fr) 1980-02-28 1981-02-21 Distributeur pour produits pâteux

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US4437591A (fr)
EP (1) EP0036491B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS56139160A (fr)
AR (1) AR222128A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE9311T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU533506B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8101176A (fr)
CA (1) CA1166206A (fr)
DE (2) DE3007480A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK150445C (fr)
ES (1) ES499106A0 (fr)
FI (1) FI70193C (fr)
GB (1) GB2070695B (fr)
GR (1) GR71854B (fr)
HK (1) HK41187A (fr)
IE (1) IE50643B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX154630A (fr)
MY (1) MY8600309A (fr)
NO (1) NO152780C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ196247A (fr)
PT (1) PT72469B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA81738B (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BR8107321A (pt) * 1980-11-26 1982-08-03 Blendax Werke Schneider Co Aperfeicoamentos em um recipiente para a ministracao de um produto em porcoes
US4487341A (en) * 1981-10-01 1984-12-11 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispenser for dispensing creams and especially self-foaming gels
DE3201356A1 (de) * 1982-01-19 1983-07-28 Aerosol Techniek Nederland B.V., 1402 Bussum Spender fuer pastoese produkte
DE3338933A1 (de) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-15 mega product- und Verpackungsentwicklung Marketing GmbH & Co KG, 5600 Wuppertal Spender fuer pastoese massen
US4565692A (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-01-21 Colgate-Palmolive Company Extrudable dentifrice
US4529585A (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-16 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dentrifrice preparation
US4529584A (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-16 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dentifrice composition
US4691847A (en) * 1983-12-27 1987-09-08 Realex Corporation Pasty product dispenser having combination actuator and outlet valve
US4643337A (en) * 1984-10-26 1987-02-17 Hex Plastics, Inc. Dispenser for viscous materials
US4562065A (en) * 1984-12-11 1985-12-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Astringent dentifrice
US4562066A (en) * 1984-12-11 1985-12-31 Colgate-Palmolive Company Astringent dentifrice containing monofluorophosphate
ES2000920A6 (es) * 1985-07-18 1988-04-01 Guala Angelo Spa Dispensador de productos pastosos en general
US4716034A (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-12-29 Colgate-Palmolive Company Packaged dental cream
US4702905A (en) * 1985-08-30 1987-10-27 Colgate-Palmolive Company Packaged dental cream
US4728508A (en) * 1985-12-13 1988-03-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dental cream in package
US4770324A (en) * 1985-12-13 1988-09-13 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dental cream package
IN168049B (fr) * 1986-01-22 1991-01-26 Colgate Palmolive Co
US5041279A (en) * 1986-02-28 1991-08-20 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dental cream package
US4850516A (en) * 1986-04-15 1989-07-25 Risdon Corporation Positive displacement dispenser
US4753373A (en) * 1986-04-15 1988-06-28 Risdon Corporation Positive displacement dispenser
GB8617350D0 (en) * 1986-07-16 1986-08-20 Metal Box Plc Pump chamber dispenser
US4767032A (en) * 1986-09-02 1988-08-30 L. Perrigo Company Paste dispenser
US4776492A (en) * 1986-10-06 1988-10-11 Gallo Carmen S Combination toothpaste dispenser and toothbrush holder
GB2197425B (en) * 1986-11-12 1990-02-28 Metal Box Plc Pistons for pressure-dispensing containers
US4778084A (en) * 1986-11-20 1988-10-18 Chen James C Toothpaste discharger
US4817826A (en) * 1986-12-12 1989-04-04 Joseph Judge Toothbrush holder for stand-up toothpaste dispensers
GB2204099B (en) * 1987-04-29 1991-04-24 Metal Box Plc Pump chamber dispenser
US5044525A (en) * 1988-02-29 1991-09-03 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispensing device
US4838461A (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-06-13 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Dispensing package for a viscous product
US5088623A (en) * 1988-07-07 1992-02-18 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispenser with indicator
US4852774A (en) * 1988-08-26 1989-08-01 Colgate-Palmolive Company Dispenser with closure cap
US4907726A (en) * 1988-10-27 1990-03-13 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Stripping dispenser package for viscous products
US4896796A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-01-30 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Striping dispenser package for viscous products
US4921130A (en) * 1988-12-05 1990-05-01 Hollberg Virginia R Viscous material dispensing apparatus
US5094364A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-03-10 Calmar Inc. Protective overcap and wiper for dispenser discharge orifice
US5211312A (en) * 1991-10-28 1993-05-18 Chang Peter J Y Caulk dispensing device with thumb-control lock
DE9116162U1 (fr) * 1991-12-18 1992-03-26 Schneider, Friedhelm, 5226 Reichshof, De
US5363990A (en) * 1994-02-25 1994-11-15 Owens-Illinois Closure Inc. Dual chambered pump package for viscous products
DE10140650A1 (de) * 2001-08-18 2003-02-27 Wella Ag Spender, insbesondere für pastöse Massen
CA2732094C (fr) * 2008-08-01 2017-08-15 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh Emballage sous forme de bouteille avec un moyen amortisseur dispose a l'interieur
ES2389744T3 (es) 2008-12-23 2012-10-31 The Procter & Gamble Company Dispositivo dispensador para materiales viscosos
JP6539535B2 (ja) * 2015-07-31 2019-07-03 古河ユニック株式会社 遠隔操作器およびこれを備える作業機搭載型クレーン
FR3081113B1 (fr) * 2018-05-18 2020-05-29 Albea Le Treport Piston pour reservoir d'un distributeur d'un produit fluide sans reprise d'air

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028727A1 (fr) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-20 Joachim Czech Distributeur pour produits pâteux

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DE678288C (de) * 1936-12-18 1939-07-12 Bernhard Zamek Tubenaehnlicher Behaelter fuer plastische Mittel, insbesondere fuer Zahnpasta, Salben o. dgl.
US3255935A (en) * 1965-03-29 1966-06-14 Walter B Spatz Dispensers for fluent masses
US3726445A (en) * 1971-06-23 1973-04-10 Federal Tool & Plastics Actuator means for use with aerosol dispensers
CH548913A (de) * 1972-08-14 1974-05-15 Sika Ag Spendebehaelter fuer fliessfaehige gueter.
US3881643A (en) * 1973-11-02 1975-05-06 Polytop Corp Child resistant closures with lever opening
JPS534384Y2 (fr) * 1975-09-02 1978-02-03
DE2611644A1 (de) * 1976-03-19 1977-09-29 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Behaelter fuer kosmetika

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0028727A1 (fr) * 1979-11-09 1981-05-20 Joachim Czech Distributeur pour produits pâteux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK83581A (da) 1981-08-29
AU533506B2 (en) 1983-12-01
DK150445C (da) 1987-10-19
CA1166206A (fr) 1984-04-24
US4437591A (en) 1984-03-20
NO152780B (no) 1985-08-12
GR71854B (fr) 1983-07-05
FI70193C (fi) 1986-09-15
NO152780C (no) 1985-11-20
MX154630A (es) 1987-10-30
MY8600309A (en) 1986-12-31
FI810209L (fi) 1981-08-29
JPH0375228B2 (fr) 1991-11-29
ES8201091A1 (es) 1981-12-16
GB2070695A (en) 1981-09-09
FI70193B (fi) 1986-02-28
IE810400L (en) 1981-08-28
BR8101176A (pt) 1981-09-01
NO810685L (no) 1981-08-31
PT72469A (de) 1981-03-01
ATE9311T1 (de) 1984-09-15
ZA81738B (en) 1982-04-28
GB2070695B (en) 1983-12-14
PT72469B (de) 1982-02-12
AU6718981A (en) 1981-09-03
ES499106A0 (es) 1981-12-16
DE3007480A1 (de) 1981-11-19
DK150445B (da) 1987-03-02
DE3165902D1 (en) 1984-10-18
NZ196247A (en) 1983-09-02
JPS56139160A (en) 1981-10-30
IE50643B1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0036491A1 (fr) 1981-09-30
HK41187A (en) 1987-06-05
AR222128A1 (es) 1981-04-15

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