EP0035684B1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0035684B1 EP0035684B1 EP81101286A EP81101286A EP0035684B1 EP 0035684 B1 EP0035684 B1 EP 0035684B1 EP 81101286 A EP81101286 A EP 81101286A EP 81101286 A EP81101286 A EP 81101286A EP 0035684 B1 EP0035684 B1 EP 0035684B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- extract
- irradiated
- process according
- diterpenes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 229930004069 diterpene Natural products 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000567 diterpene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012675 alcoholic extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000489 sensitizer Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000007539 photo-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000208138 Nicotiana tomentosiformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002044 hexane fraction Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000401 methanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
- A24B15/26—Use of organic solvents for extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
- A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
- A24B15/305—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances of undetermined constitution characterised by their preparation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the production of flavorings by UV radiation of an alcoholic extract containing diterpenes, which was obtained from the surface resin of fresh tobacco plants or parts thereof or from the gum derived from tobacco flowers, in the presence of oxygen.
- the surface resin of fresh tobacco plants contains diterpenes, in particular Duvane, which, as smoke aroma precursors, influence the tobacco aroma.
- diterpenes in particular Duvane
- Numerous processes are known for isolating these diterpenes from the surface resin, in particular undesirable lipids also present in resin being separated off. Such a method is known for example from DE-A No. 2918920.
- the resulting diterpene fraction is added to finished tobacco after isolation and purification.
- Nicotinia species such as N. tomentosiformis, glutinosa or sylvestris or known tobacco hybrids and tobacco plants from conventional tobacco crops serve as the starting material for obtaining the alcoholic diterpene fraction.
- those types of tobacco can be used which are unsuitable as smoking tobacco but which form large amounts of surface resin. The otherwise unsuitable tobacco plants can then be discarded after the diterpenes have been separated off.
- Tobacco flowers can also be used to produce the diterpene fraction.
- Lower alcohols in particular methanol and ethanol, can be used as solvents for the diterpene fraction to be irradiated.
- the irradiated extracts can, if necessary after prior concentration, directly on ready-made tobacco, e.g. by spraying.
- the photooxidation is preferably carried out by passing a stream of air or oxygen through the extract and simultaneously irradiating it with a suitable UV source which delivers a wavelength of 220-580 nm.
- UV lamps e.g. High pressure mercury vapor lamps or the like can be used.
- the photooxidation according to the invention can take place at room temperature, but other temperatures are also possible, e.g. Temperatures between -20 ° C and the boiling point of the solvent used.
- the duration of the radiation depends on the size of the radiation approach, the respective type of diterpenes, which can fluctuate depending on the tobacco plants, and the power of the UV source. It is generally 1 h to 10 d, in particular 6-24 h.
- the irradiated extract is fractionated onto the tobacco before being fed in. This can cause unwanted by-products, e.g. very volatile constituents and polymers, which adversely affect the aroma or can do nothing to improve it, are separated off.
- the aforementioned fractionation can be done in different ways.
- a suitable method is column chromatography, e.g. on silica gel.
- the irradiated solution is concentrated and placed on a silica gel column. Then eluting with various solvents with increasing polarity.
- a first eluent e.g. Hexane can be used; this eluate, which contains non-polar hydrocarbons, is discarded.
- the mixture is then eluted with ether; this eluate is collected.
- methanol to which a small amount, e.g. 196o acetic acid, may have been added, the valuable carboxylic acids formed during the irradiation can be isolated and collected.
- the ether and methanol eluates are then concentrated in vacuo; the residue can be taken up in another solvent and then added to the tobacco.
- Another fractionation process is distillation. Even the concentration of the methanol extract at room temperature in a vacuum leads to the removal of unwanted low-boiling substances Components. The residue can then be subjected to high vacuum distillation, in a typical case the distillate being collected and used as a flavoring substance which passes at 0.02 Torr to a temperature of 100 ° C.
- the residue obtained after removal of the methanol can also be subjected to steam distillation, the water vapor-volatile products being collected and used as flavorings.
- the diterpene fraction thus obtained is mixed with methanol so that a solution with a concentration of 1-100 g solid / l methanol is obtained.
- 300 ml of an extract obtained above are placed in a 500 ml reactor and irradiated at room temperature with stirring using a high-pressure mercury lamp (Philips high-pressure burner HPK 125) for 10 hours, a constant stream of synthesis air being bubbled through the solution.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp Philips high-pressure burner HPK 125
- the irradiated extract obtained above is concentrated to a small volume and placed on a column loaded with silica gel (dimensions: 2.5 ⁇ 50 cm). The column is then eluted with hexane; the hexane fraction obtained is discarded. Thereafter, the column is washed with ether and finally with methanol, the 10/00 Acetic acid is added eluted. The eluates obtained here are collected and evaporated in vacuo at room temperature. The residue is taken up in ethanol and sprayed onto ready-made tobacco; the solvent is allowed to evaporate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
- Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen durch UV-Bestrahlung eines alkoholischen, Diterpene enthaltenden Extrakts, der aus dem Oberflächenharz von frischen Tabakpflanzen bzw. deren Teilen oder aus dem von Tabakblüten stammenden Gum erhalten wurde, in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff.
- Es ist bekannt, dass das Oberflächenharz von frischen Tabakpflanzen Diterpene, insbesondere Duvane, enthält, die als Raucharomaprecursoren das Tabakaroma beeinflussen. Es sind zahlreiche Verfahren bekannt, diese Diterpene aus dem Oberflächenharz zu isolieren, wobei insbesondere ebenfalls in Harz vorhandene unerwünschte Lipide abgetrennt werden. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A Nr. 2918920 bekannt.
- Die dabei erhaltene Diterpenfraktion wird nach Isolierung und Reinigung fertigkonfektioniertem Tabak zugesetzt.
- Die Eigenschaften von aus Tabakpflanzen isolierten Diterpenen als Raucharomaprecursoren hat in der Vergangenheit mehrere Arbeitsgruppen veranlasst, sich mit der Aufklärung der chemischen Struktur der Diterpene und ihren chemischen Reaktionen, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer photoreaktionen mit Singulett-Sauerstoff, zu befassen, vgl. "Acta Chemica Scandinavica", 1979, S. 437-442. Bei diesen Untersuchungen wurde die Photooxydation in Gegenwart von Sensibilatoren, z. B. Bengalrosa, durchgeführt.
- Es wurde nun gefunden, dass man aus einer Diterpenfraktion der oben genannten Art ein erheblich verbessertes Tabakaroma erhalten kann, wenn man den alkoholischen Diterpenextrakt in Abwesenheit von Sensibilisatoren bestrahlt, d.h. einer Photooxydation unterwirft. Infolge der Abwesenheit von Sensibilisatoren erfolgt die Photooxydation der Diterpene nicht mehr durch Singulett-Sauerstoff, sondern vielmehr nach einem üblichen Radikalmechanismus. Demgemäss weisen die erfindungsgemäss erhaltenen Aromastoffe, wie eine erste Analyse ergeben hat, Produkte mit zahlreichen freien Carboxylgruppen bei im übrigen unbekannter Konstitution auf.
- Die mit dem erfindungsgemäss behandelten Diterpenextrakt erreichten Geschmacksverbesserungen im Aroma des mit dem bestrahlten Extrakt erhaltenen Tabaks sind überraschend, da man unter den Verfahrensbedingungen eine erheblich stärkere Zerstörung der Aromastoffe als bei der Photooxydation mit Singulett-Sauerstoff annehmen musste.
- Als Ausgangsmaterial für die Gewinnung der alkoholischen Diterpenfraktion dienen Nicotinia-Arten, wie N. tomentosiformis, glutinosa oder sylvestris oder bekannte Tabakhybride sowie Tabakpflanzen aus üblichen Tabakkulturen. Dabei können insbesondere solche Tabakarten verwendet werden, die an sich als Rauchtabak ungeeignet sind, jedoch grosse Mengen an Oberflächenharz bilden. Die im übrigen ungeeigneten Tabakpflanzen können dann nach Abtrennung der Diterpene verworfen werden. Weiterhin können zur Herstellung der Diterpenfraktion Tabakblüten eingesetzt werden.
- Als Lösungsmittel für die zu bestrahlende Diterpenfraktion können niedere Alkohole, insbesondere Methanol und Äthanol, eingesetzt werden. Die bestrahlten Extrakte können, ggf. nach vorheriger Konzentrierung, direkt auf fertigkonfektionierten Tabak, z.B. durch Sprühen, aufgegeben werden.
- Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Photooxydation, indem man einen Luft- bzw. Sauerstoffstrom durch den Extrakt leitet und diesen gleichzeitig mit einer geeigneten UV-Quelle, die eine Wellenlänge von 220-580 nm liefert, bestrahlt.
- Für die Bestrahlung können übliche UV-Lampen, zP. Hochdruck-Quecksilberdampflampen oder dergl. verwendet werden.
- Die Photooxydation gemäss der Erfindung kann bei Raumtemperatur erfolgen, es sind jedoch auch andere Temperaturen möglich, z.B. Temperaturen zwischen -20° C und dem Siedepunkt des verwendeten Lösungsmittels.
- Die Dauer der Bestrahlung richtet sich nach der Grösse des Bestrahlungsansatzes, der jeweiligen Art der Diterpene, die in Abhängigkeit von den Tabakpflanzen schwanken kann, und der Leistung der UV-Quelle. Sie beträgt im allgemeinen 1 h bis 10 d, insbesondere 6-24 h.
- Gemäss einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der bestrahlte Extrakt vor der Aufgabe auf den Tabak fraktioniert. Hierdurch können unerwünschte Nebenprodukte, z.B. sehr flüchtige Bestandteile und Polymere, die das Aroma nachteilig beeinflussen oder nichts zu seiner Verbesserung beitragen können, abgetrennt werden.
- Die vorgenannte Fraktionierung kann auf verschiedenen Wegen erfolgen. Eine geeignete Methode ist die Säulenchromatographie, z.B. an Kieselgel. Hierzu wird die bestrahlte Lösung eingeengt und auf eine Kieselgelsäule gegeben. Anschliessend wird mit verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln mit steigender Polarität eluiert. Als erstes Eluierungsmittel kann z.B. Hexan verwendet werden; dieses Eluat, das unpolare Kohlenwasserstoffe enthält, wird verworfen. Anschliessend wird mit Ether eluiert; dieses Eluat wird gesammelt. Schliesslich können durch Eluierung mit Methanol, dem ggf. eine geringe Menge, z.B.S 196o Essigsäure zugesetzt wurde, die während der Bestrahlung gebildeten wertvollen Carbonsäuren isoliert und gesammelt werden. Die Äther- und Methanoleluate werden anschliessend im Vakuum eingeengt; der Rückstand kann in einem anderen Lösungsmittel aufgenommen und anschliessend auf den Tabak aufgegeben werden.
- Ein weiteres Fraktionierungsverfahren ist die Destillation. Bereits die Einengung des Methanolextraktes bei Raumtemperatur im Vakuum führt zu einer Entfernung unerwünschter leicht siedender Bestandteile. Der Rückstand kann anschliessend einer Hochvakuumdestillation unterworfen werden, wobei in einem typischen Fall das Destillat gesammelt und als Aromastoff verwendet wird, das bei 0,02 Torr bis zu einer Temperatur von 100° C übergeht.
- Schliesslich kann man den nach der Entfernung des Methanols erhaltenen Rückstand auch einer Wasserdampfdestillation unterwerfen, wobei die wasserdampfflüchtigen Produkte gesammelt und als Aromastoffe eingesetzt werden.
- Das Verfahren der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.
- Teile von frischen grünen Tabakpflanzen, nämlich Stengel, Blüten und Blätter, werden 2 x 30 s lang mit Methylenchlorid in einer Menge von 1 I/kg Tabakteile gewaschen. Die anschliessende Abtrennung der Diterpene von Begleitstoffen aus der Methylenchloridfraktion erfolgt in üblicher Weise durch Chromatographie an Kieselgel oder durch Phasenverteilung.
- Die so erhaltene Diterpenfraktion wird so mit Methanol versetzt, dass eine Lösung mit einer Konzentration von 1-100 g Feststoff/I Methanol erhalten wird.
- 300 ml eines vorstehend erhaltenen Extrakts werden in einem 500-ml-Reaktor gegeben und bei Raumtemperatur unter Rühren mit einer Quecksilber-Hochdrucklampe (Philips-Hochdruckbrenner HPK 125) 10 h lang bestrahlt, wobei man durch die Lösung einen ständigen Strom von Syntheseluft durchperlen lässt.
- Der vorstehend erhaltene bestrahlte Extrakt wird auf ein geringes Volumen eingeengt und auf eine mit Kieselgel beschickte Säule (Abmessungen: 2,5 x 50 cm) gegeben. Anschliessend wird die Säule mit Hexan eluiert; die erhaltene Hexanfraktion wird verworfen. Danach wird die Säule mit Äther und schliesslich mit Methanol, dem 10/00 Essigsäure zugesetzt ist, eluiert. Die hier erhaltenen Eluate werden gesammelt und bei Raumtemperatur im Vakuum eingedampft. Der Rückstand wird in Äthanol aufgenommen und auf fertigkonfektionierten Tabak gesprüht; das Lösungsmittel lässt man verdunsten.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3009032A DE3009032C2 (de) | 1980-03-08 | 1980-03-08 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen für Rauchprodukte |
| DE3009032 | 1980-03-08 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0035684A1 EP0035684A1 (de) | 1981-09-16 |
| EP0035684B1 true EP0035684B1 (de) | 1983-09-21 |
Family
ID=6096680
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP81101286A Expired EP0035684B1 (de) | 1980-03-08 | 1981-02-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4359059A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0035684B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU538822B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR8101306A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1160029A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3009032C2 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA81867B (de) |
Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| DE3318546C2 (de) * | 1983-05-20 | 1985-05-15 | B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aromastoffen aus Diterpenfraktionen |
| US7222079B1 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2007-05-22 | Ingenix, Inc. | Method and system for generating statistically-based medical provider utilization profiles |
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| GB2020538A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-21 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to smoking-material additives |
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| DE857624C (de) * | 1948-10-02 | 1952-12-01 | Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken G | Verfahren zur Verhuetung von Schimmelbildung bei Tabak und Tabakerzeugnissen |
| FR1206210A (fr) | 1957-08-02 | 1960-02-08 | Reynolds Tobacco Co R | Procédé de traitement du tabac |
| GB1316172A (en) | 1970-03-23 | 1973-05-09 | Ici Ltd | Smoking mixture |
| US3870053A (en) * | 1972-06-06 | 1975-03-11 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp | Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment |
| US4267847A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1981-05-19 | British-American Tobacco Company Limited | Tobacco additives |
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1980
- 1980-03-08 DE DE3009032A patent/DE3009032C2/de not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-02-10 ZA ZA00810867A patent/ZA81867B/xx unknown
- 1981-02-16 CA CA000370976A patent/CA1160029A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-23 EP EP81101286A patent/EP0035684B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-03-04 AU AU68051/81A patent/AU538822B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-03-05 US US06/240,854 patent/US4359059A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-03-06 BR BR8101306A patent/BR8101306A/pt unknown
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2586701A (en) * | 1949-02-05 | 1952-02-19 | Sereno G Norton | Tobacco |
| GB2020538A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-21 | British American Tobacco Co | Improvements relating to smoking-material additives |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104661541A (zh) * | 2012-08-28 | 2015-05-27 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | 包含烟草花的烟草组合物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6805181A (en) | 1981-09-17 |
| US4359059A (en) | 1982-11-16 |
| DE3009032A1 (de) | 1981-09-17 |
| BR8101306A (pt) | 1981-09-08 |
| ZA81867B (en) | 1982-03-31 |
| AU538822B2 (en) | 1984-08-30 |
| CA1160029A (en) | 1984-01-10 |
| EP0035684A1 (de) | 1981-09-16 |
| DE3009032C2 (de) | 1983-11-24 |
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