US3870053A - Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment - Google Patents

Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
US3870053A
US3870053A US260160A US26016072A US3870053A US 3870053 A US3870053 A US 3870053A US 260160 A US260160 A US 260160A US 26016072 A US26016072 A US 26016072A US 3870053 A US3870053 A US 3870053A
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United States
Prior art keywords
flavor
botanical
aroma
tobacco
water
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US260160A
Inventor
Norman D Heitkamp
Steven L Merker
George E Stungis
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Brown and Williamson Holdings Inc
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Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp filed Critical Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corp
Priority to US260160A priority Critical patent/US3870053A/en
Priority to GB98573A priority patent/GB1359282A/en
Priority to ZA730630A priority patent/ZA73630B/en
Priority to DE19732314775 priority patent/DE2314775A1/en
Priority to AU56081/73A priority patent/AU454515B2/en
Priority to CA173,250A priority patent/CA987993A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3870053A publication Critical patent/US3870053A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/22—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by application of electric or wave energy or particle radiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
    • A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
    • A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L27/20—Synthetic spices, flavouring agents or condiments
    • A23L27/201—Compounds of unspecified constitution characterised by the chemical reaction for their preparation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/18—Other treatment of leaves, e.g. puffing, crimpling, cleaning
    • A24B3/182—Puffing
    • A24B3/187—Puffing by electrical treatment

Definitions

  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,524,451 describes the puffing of tobacco by impregnating the tobacco with a volatile organic material and subsequently heating the impregnated tobacco so as to quickly release the volatile organic material so that the tobacco is expanded.
  • An inert, volatile, organic solvent can be combined with the water in treating the botanical material.
  • the organic material will act as a carrier for the flavor and aroma constituents and, when heated by the internally distilled water, will aid in carrying the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface.
  • the microwave energy is supplied at a sufficient level to carry the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface without expansion of the botanical material.
  • the power to accomplish this is less than 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water.
  • botanical materials such as tobacco are treated to attain a moisture level of from 5 to 75%, preferably from 30 to 55%.
  • moisturizing treatments are well known in the art and any of the well known treatments can be employed.
  • the tobacco or other botanical material may have a quantity of a volatile, inert, organic material impregnated into it. It is not important that the botanical be totally saturated with the organic material, but, when used, there should be at least an amount sufficient to solubilize the flavor and aroma constituents of tobacco.
  • Organic solvents which are useful according to the process of the present invention, as they solubilize the flavor and aroma constituents just described and as they are volatile enough to be driven from the tobacco particle under the action of the water heated by microwave energy include hydrocarbons, ethers, halohydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and ketones.
  • the botanical Following impregnation of the botanical material with water or with water and an inert, volatile organic solvent, the botanical is subjected to microwave energy. Any means by which the botanical material can be subjected to microwave energy can be employed.
  • the treated botanical material can be placed on a moving belt which passes through a microwave field.
  • the treated botanical material can be conveyed by a moving air stream through a microwave field.
  • Other means, well known in the art can also be employed.
  • the microwave energy used is generally at those frequencies used for industrial, scientific and medical uses. For example, these frequencies are generally at 915 or 2,450 megacycles. Only sufficient energy need be imparted to the treated botanical material to heat the water contained within the botanical material so as to carry the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface. When a solvent is employed, the water need be heated only to such a degree as to volatilize the solvent.
  • the power per unit mass is less than 0.25 kilowatt per pound of water contained in the botanical material. Preferably, the power level is from 0.05 to 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water.
  • the temperature of treatment with microwave energy is not important, solong as the moisture content of the botanical can be maintained and the organic solvent is not prematurely volatilized.
  • Example 1 Both the stem and lamina of tea were treated to obtain a water level of approximately'30%. A second treatment followed to provide a methylene chloride level of 1%. The tea was then irradiated with microwave energy at a frequency of 2,450 megacycles and a power of 2,500 watts for about 5 seconds to provide a power level of approximately 0.20 kilowatt per pound of water. The flavor enhancement of the tea particles, following this treatment, was confirmed by taste.
  • Example 2 V Stems and lamina from a tobacco plant were treated to a moisture level of 45%.
  • the thus treated tobacco was irradiated with microwave energy at a frequency of 2,450 megacycles and a power of 2,500 watts for about 5 seconds, toprovide a power level of approximately 0.15 kilowatt per pound of contained water.
  • the resulting tobacco was formed into cigarettes which were smoked by a panel of trained smokers who confirmed that the flavor and aroma characteristics of the resulting cigarettes were superior tothose of similar cigarettes made with untreated tobacco.
  • Example 3 Tobacco stems and lamina were treated to obtain a moisture level of 37%. They were subsequently treated to achieve a methylene chloride content of based upon the weight of the pre-moistened tobacco. Subsequently, the tobacco was irradiated with microwave energy at 2,450 megacycles, 2,500 watts for 10 seconds,
  • Example 4 A quantity of pipe tobacco was treated to obtain a moisture level of-l9 to and the tobacco was then impregnated with l% ethanol. The tobacco was then treated in the same manner as in Example 1 and trained pipe smokers, upon using the tobacco, perceived enhanced flavor and aroma.
  • a process for enhancing the flavor and aroma characteristics of botanical materials comprising:

Abstract

Botanical materials, such as tobacco, are treated with water and are then subjected to microwave energy to produce enhanced flavor and aroma perception. A solvent can be included with the water. The energy is sufficient only to enhance flavor and aroma perception, and not to expand the botanical material.

Description

United States Patent 1 Heitkamp et a1.
1 Mar. 11, 1975 1 ENHANCEMENT OF FLAVOR AND AROMA BY MICROWAVE TREATMENT [75] Inventors: Norman D. Heitkamp,
Jeffersonville, Ind.; Steven L.
Merker; George E. Stungis, both of Louisville, Ky.
[73] Assignee: Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation, Louisville, Ky.
[22] Filed: June 6, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 260,160
[52] US. Cl. ..13l/121,131/144,131/140 P [51] Int. Cl. A24b 03/12, A24b 15/04 [5 8] Field of Search 131/121, 140-140 P,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,409.023 11/1968 de la Burde 131/121 2/1969 Hind 131/140 Primary Examiner Melvin D. Rein Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow & Garrett 57 ABSTRACT Botanical materials, such as tobacco, are treated with water and are then subjected to microwave energy to produce enhanced flavor and aroma perception. A solvent can be included with the water. The energy is sufficient only to enhance flavor and aroma perception, and not to expand the botanical material.
3 Claims, No Drawings BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The use of microwave energy for puffing tobacco has previously been disclosed. For example, US. Pat. No. 3,409,023 describes particular conditions for subjecting tobacco to microwave energy so as to puff the tobacco, particularly whole stems. In this process, puffing is accomplished by a particular alignment of the stems with regard to the microwave energy source.
In addition, U. S. Pat. No. 3,524,451 describes the puffing of tobacco by impregnating the tobacco with a volatile organic material and subsequently heating the impregnated tobacco so as to quickly release the volatile organic material so that the tobacco is expanded.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, it has unexpectedly been discovered that a combination of the processes referred to above, with some modifications, will lead to enhancement of flavor and aroma in botanical materials, particularly tobacco, through carrying of these flavor and aroma constituents from the interior of the botanical particle to the surface. In particular, the botanical is treated with water and is then subjected to microwave energy. While not wishing to be bound by theory, this appears to result in an internal distillation, the water being heated by the microwave energy and acting to drive the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface of the tobacco or other botanical material.
An inert, volatile, organic solvent can be combined with the water in treating the botanical material. In
such case, the organic material will act as a carrier for the flavor and aroma constituents and, when heated by the internally distilled water, will aid in carrying the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface.
The microwave energy is supplied at a sufficient level to carry the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface without expansion of the botanical material. The power to accomplish this is less than 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In accordance with the present invention, botanical materials, such as tobacco, are treated to attain a moisture level of from 5 to 75%, preferably from 30 to 55%. Such moisturizing treatments are well known in the art and any of the well known treatments can be employed.
Subsequent to treating the botanical material to the particular moisture level, or concurrently with this treatment, the tobacco or other botanical material, may have a quantity of a volatile, inert, organic material impregnated into it. It is not important that the botanical be totally saturated with the organic material, but, when used, there should be at least an amount sufficient to solubilize the flavor and aroma constituents of tobacco.
Organic solvents which are useful according to the process of the present invention, as they solubilize the flavor and aroma constituents just described and as they are volatile enough to be driven from the tobacco particle under the action of the water heated by microwave energy include hydrocarbons, ethers, halohydrocarbons, alcohols, esters and ketones.
Among the specific materials which can be so employed are methylene chloride, diethyl ether, isopentane, hexane, petroleum ethers and 1,2-dichloro- 1,1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethane.
Following impregnation of the botanical material with water or with water and an inert, volatile organic solvent, the botanical is subjected to microwave energy. Any means by which the botanical material can be subjected to microwave energy can be employed.
0 For example, the treated botanical material can be placed on a moving belt which passes through a microwave field. Similarly, the treated botanical material can be conveyed by a moving air stream through a microwave field. Other means, well known in the art can also be employed.
The microwave energy used is generally at those frequencies used for industrial, scientific and medical uses. For example, these frequencies are generally at 915 or 2,450 megacycles. Only sufficient energy need be imparted to the treated botanical material to heat the water contained within the botanical material so as to carry the flavor and aroma constituents to the surface. When a solvent is employed, the water need be heated only to such a degree as to volatilize the solvent. The power per unit mass is less than 0.25 kilowatt per pound of water contained in the botanical material. Preferably, the power level is from 0.05 to 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water.
The temperature of treatment with microwave energy is not important, solong as the moisture content of the botanical can be maintained and the organic solvent is not prematurely volatilized.
In order that those skilled in the art may be better enabled to carry out the process of the present invention, the following examples are given. These examples should be considered as illustrative, only, and not as limiting in any way the full scope of the invention, as covered in the appended claims.
Example 1 Both the stem and lamina of tea were treated to obtain a water level of approximately'30%. A second treatment followed to provide a methylene chloride level of 1%. The tea was then irradiated with microwave energy at a frequency of 2,450 megacycles and a power of 2,500 watts for about 5 seconds to provide a power level of approximately 0.20 kilowatt per pound of water. The flavor enhancement of the tea particles, following this treatment, was confirmed by taste. Example 2 V Stems and lamina from a tobacco plant were treated to a moisture level of 45%. The thus treated tobacco was irradiated with microwave energy at a frequency of 2,450 megacycles and a power of 2,500 watts for about 5 seconds, toprovide a power level of approximately 0.15 kilowatt per pound of contained water. The resulting tobacco was formed into cigarettes which were smoked by a panel of trained smokers who confirmed that the flavor and aroma characteristics of the resulting cigarettes were superior tothose of similar cigarettes made with untreated tobacco.
Example 3 Tobacco stems and lamina were treated to obtain a moisture level of 37%. They were subsequently treated to achieve a methylene chloride content of based upon the weight of the pre-moistened tobacco. Subsequently, the tobacco was irradiated with microwave energy at 2,450 megacycles, 2,500 watts for 10 seconds,
to provide a power level of approximately 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water. Such a treatment did not result in expansion of the tobacco particles, but such expansion was incipient. The resulting tobacco was formed into cigarettes which were evaluated by a panel of trained smokers who confirmed that the flavor and aroma of the cigarettes were enhanced compared with cigarettes formed from the same tobacco, but not subjected to the process of the present invention. Example 4 .A quantity of pipe tobacco was treated to obtain a moisture level of-l9 to and the tobacco was then impregnated with l% ethanol. The tobacco was then treated in the same manner as in Example 1 and trained pipe smokers, upon using the tobacco, perceived enhanced flavor and aroma.
A process for enhancement of flavor and aroma, by forced migration of flavor and aroma constituents, for botanical materials has thus been described.
We claim:
l. A process for enhancing the flavor and aroma characteristics of botanical materials comprising:
a. treating said botanical materials with a combination of water and an inert nontoxic, volatile, organic solvent in which the flavor and aroma generating materials are soluble to obtain a moisture level of from 5 to 755; and b. subjecting the botanical material to microwave energy at a frequency of at least 915 mc and a power level of from 0.05 to 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water for a period of time and at a.distance such that said solvent is substantially volatilized and the flavor and aroma of said botanical material are improved without substantially expanding said material. 2. The process of claim 1 wherein the botanical material is tobacco.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein said frequency is between 915 to 2,450 mc.

Claims (3)

1. A PROCESS FOR ENHANCING THE FLAVOR AND AROMA CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTANICAL MATERIALS COMPRISING: A. TREATING SAID BOTANICAL MATERIALS WITH A COMBINATION OF WATER AND AN INERT NONTOXIC, VOLATILE, ORGANIC SOLVENT IN WHICH THE FLAVOR AND AROMA GENERATING MATERIALS ARE SOLUBLE TO OBTAIN A MOISTURE LEVEL OF FROM 5 TO 755; AND B. SUBJECTING THE BOTANICAL MATERIAL TO MICROWAVE ENERGY AT A FREQUENCY OF AT LEAST 915 MC AND A POWER LEVEL OF FROM 0.05 TO 0.25 KILOWATT PER POUND OF CONTAINED WATER FOR A PERIOD OF TIME AND AT A DISTANCE SUCH THAT SAID SOLVENT IS SUBSTANTIALLY VOLATILIZED AND THE FLAVOR AND AROMA OF SAID BOTANICAL MATERIAL ARE IMPROVED WITHOUT SUBSTANTIALLY EXPANDING SAID MATERIAL.
1. A process for enhancing the flavor and aroma characteristics of botanical materials comprising: a. treating said botanical materials with a combination of water and an inert nontoxic, volatile, organic solvent in which the flavor and aroma generating materials are soluble to obtain a moisture level of from 5 to 75%; and b. subjecting the botanical material to microwave energy at a frequency of at least 915 mc and a power level of from 0.05 to 0.25 kilowatt per pound of contained water for a period of time and at a distance such that said solvent is substantially volatilized and the flavor and aroma of said botanical material are improved without substantially expanding said material.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the botanical material is tobacco.
US260160A 1972-06-06 1972-06-06 Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment Expired - Lifetime US3870053A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US260160A US3870053A (en) 1972-06-06 1972-06-06 Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment
GB98573A GB1359282A (en) 1972-06-06 1973-01-08 Enhancement of the flavour and aroma of botanical materials
ZA730630A ZA73630B (en) 1972-06-06 1973-01-29 Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave tretment
DE19732314775 DE2314775A1 (en) 1972-06-06 1973-03-24 PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE SCENT AND FLAVOR PROPERTIES OF BOTANICAL SUBSTANCES
AU56081/73A AU454515B2 (en) 1972-06-06 1973-05-24 Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment
CA173,250A CA987993A (en) 1972-06-06 1973-06-05 Enhancement of flavor and aroma by microwave treatment

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AU (1) AU454515B2 (en)
CA (1) CA987993A (en)
DE (1) DE2314775A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1359282A (en)
ZA (1) ZA73630B (en)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4821747A (en) * 1986-04-23 1989-04-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for treating tobacco and similar organic materials
AU600361B2 (en) * 1987-06-02 1990-08-09 Unilever Plc A method of stripping aromas and flavours from plant materials
US5002784A (en) * 1989-05-16 1991-03-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Environment Microwave-assisted natural products extraction
US5095923A (en) * 1991-04-11 1992-03-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco expansion process using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
EP0485668A1 (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-05-20 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment Microwave extraction of volatile oils and apparatus therefor
US5338557A (en) * 1989-05-16 1994-08-16 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment Microwave extraction of volatile oils
US5803081A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-09-08 Regent Court Technologies Tobacco and related products
US5891501A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-04-06 Mckellip; Lewis L. Method for extraction of essential oils from plant material
EP0967898A4 (en) * 1996-08-05 2000-01-05 Jonnie R Williams Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US6131584A (en) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco treatment process
US6202649B1 (en) 1996-12-02 2001-03-20 Regent Court Technologies Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US20010000386A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2001-04-26 Peele David Mccray Tobacco processing
US6311695B1 (en) 1996-06-28 2001-11-06 Regent Court Technologies Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
USRE38123E1 (en) 1996-06-28 2003-05-27 Regent Court Technologies, Llc. Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content
US20100154810A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Williams Jonnie R Tobacco Curing Method
CN104799433A (en) * 2015-02-16 2015-07-29 广东省金叶科技开发有限公司 Method for treating tea stems to prepare filter stick flavor increasing particles by microwave expansion technology
CN105795514A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-27 腾冲庄红茶叶商贸有限责任公司 Tea vain shred cigarette

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3009032C2 (en) * 1980-03-08 1983-11-24 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Process for the production of flavorings for smoking products
DE3009031C2 (en) * 1980-03-08 1983-04-21 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Process for the production of flavorings for smoking products
US5458897A (en) * 1989-05-16 1995-10-17 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Environment Microwave-assisted extraction from materials containing organic matter
CN114521667A (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-24 云南云烁科技有限公司 Solid-loaded fragrant herbal incense bullet matrix with high smoking quality and preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409023A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-11-05 Philip Morris Inc Method of puffing tobacco stems by microwave energy
US3425425A (en) * 1967-01-04 1969-02-04 Philip Morris Inc Method of puffing tobacco stems
US3528434A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-09-15 American Mach & Foundry Method of making reconstituted tobacco
US3683937A (en) * 1970-12-24 1972-08-15 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process
US3693631A (en) * 1971-04-28 1972-09-26 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3409023A (en) * 1965-12-17 1968-11-05 Philip Morris Inc Method of puffing tobacco stems by microwave energy
US3425425A (en) * 1967-01-04 1969-02-04 Philip Morris Inc Method of puffing tobacco stems
US3528434A (en) * 1968-04-12 1970-09-15 American Mach & Foundry Method of making reconstituted tobacco
US3683937A (en) * 1970-12-24 1972-08-15 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process
US3693631A (en) * 1971-04-28 1972-09-26 Reynolds Leasing Corp Tobacco expansion process

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4821747A (en) * 1986-04-23 1989-04-18 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Process for treating tobacco and similar organic materials
AU600361B2 (en) * 1987-06-02 1990-08-09 Unilever Plc A method of stripping aromas and flavours from plant materials
US5002784A (en) * 1989-05-16 1991-03-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Environment Microwave-assisted natural products extraction
US5338557A (en) * 1989-05-16 1994-08-16 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment Microwave extraction of volatile oils
EP0485668A1 (en) * 1990-11-16 1992-05-20 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of The Environment Microwave extraction of volatile oils and apparatus therefor
US5095923A (en) * 1991-04-11 1992-03-17 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco expansion process using 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
US6135121A (en) * 1996-06-28 2000-10-24 Regent Court Technologies Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content
US5803081A (en) * 1996-06-28 1998-09-08 Regent Court Technologies Tobacco and related products
US6338348B1 (en) 1996-06-28 2002-01-15 Regent Court Technologies Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US6311695B1 (en) 1996-06-28 2001-11-06 Regent Court Technologies Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
USRE38123E1 (en) 1996-06-28 2003-05-27 Regent Court Technologies, Llc. Tobacco products having reduced nitrosamine content
EP0967898A4 (en) * 1996-08-05 2000-01-05 Jonnie R Williams Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
EP0967898A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2000-01-05 Jonnie R. Williams Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US6202649B1 (en) 1996-12-02 2001-03-20 Regent Court Technologies Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US20020174874A1 (en) * 1996-12-02 2002-11-28 Regent Court Technologies Llc Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US6425401B1 (en) 1996-12-02 2002-07-30 Regent Court Technologies Llc Method of treating tobacco to reduce nitrosamine content, and products produced thereby
US5891501A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-04-06 Mckellip; Lewis L. Method for extraction of essential oils from plant material
US6131584A (en) * 1999-04-15 2000-10-17 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation Tobacco treatment process
US20010000386A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2001-04-26 Peele David Mccray Tobacco processing
US20030047190A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2003-03-13 Peele David Mccray Tobacco processing
US6805134B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2004-10-19 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco processing
US20050022832A1 (en) * 1999-04-26 2005-02-03 Peele David Mccray Tobacco processing
US6895974B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2005-05-24 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco processing
US7404406B2 (en) 1999-04-26 2008-07-29 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Tobacco processing
US20100154810A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-06-24 Williams Jonnie R Tobacco Curing Method
US8151804B2 (en) 2008-12-23 2012-04-10 Williams Jonnie R Tobacco curing method
CN104799433A (en) * 2015-02-16 2015-07-29 广东省金叶科技开发有限公司 Method for treating tea stems to prepare filter stick flavor increasing particles by microwave expansion technology
CN104799433B (en) * 2015-02-16 2018-11-23 广东省金叶科技开发有限公司 A method of filter stick perfumed granules are prepared using microwave expansion technical treatment tea stalk
CN105795514A (en) * 2016-05-06 2016-07-27 腾冲庄红茶叶商贸有限责任公司 Tea vain shred cigarette

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2314775A1 (en) 1973-12-20
AU5608173A (en) 1974-10-31
ZA73630B (en) 1973-10-31
GB1359282A (en) 1974-07-10
AU454515B2 (en) 1974-10-31
CA987993A (en) 1976-04-27

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