EP0034980B1 - Reinigungs-, Verlade- und Sortiervorrichtung für Gemüse oder Früchte - Google Patents

Reinigungs-, Verlade- und Sortiervorrichtung für Gemüse oder Früchte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034980B1
EP0034980B1 EP81400245A EP81400245A EP0034980B1 EP 0034980 B1 EP0034980 B1 EP 0034980B1 EP 81400245 A EP81400245 A EP 81400245A EP 81400245 A EP81400245 A EP 81400245A EP 0034980 B1 EP0034980 B1 EP 0034980B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shafts
machine
levers
series
fact
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP81400245A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0034980A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Jules Henri Crepin
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/12—Apparatus having only parallel elements
    • B07B1/14—Roller screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
    • B07B1/4636—Regulation of screen apertures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements in cleaners, transporters, ginners and calibrators of vegetables or fruits, such as teree apples, carrots, onions, endives, beets, oysters or the like, consisting of parallel trees in the same plane, all rotating in in the same direction and carrying equidistant discs or cogwheels or stars, the change in size being effected mechanically by varying and adjusting the distance between the axes of the shafts, this distance generally being greater and greater from upstream to the 'downstream of the machine to let between products larger and larger products, each of the trees, held in a frame, being driven in rotation.
  • Transporter cleaners have been proposed, the center distance of the rollers of which can vary with a gear wheel control device in which the intermediate pinions can rise on the perpendicular bisector of the segment separating two axes of the consecutive rollers. This is achieved by V-shaped levers or even crossing levers. We reach here the disadvantage of the pinion drive which was mentioned above.
  • the present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the device of the invention allows a continuous and uniform adjustment of the spacing between rollers even during operation of the machine.
  • the chain drive is reliable and silent and, despite the variations in its travel, only a small tensioner is needed. Indeed, during the elongation of the device, the bending of the chain is less important and it elongates little; while during the shortening of the device, the chain traverses zigzags at more pronounced angles.
  • the star-shaped discs or V-shaped discs make square openings for the passage of products, square openings whose sides enlarge when the trees are spread in a diagonal direction. these squares.
  • Adapting the movement of the deflector shafts by extending the telescopic device has the advantage of having a fixed feed point without modifying the length of work.
  • the machine consists of a number of parallel shafts, in this case, from 1 to 14, but which can be decreased or increased and whatever the quantities, are located in the same plane and all rotate in the same way.
  • On these shafts are threaded discs 15 with a V profile, so that they have an edge (16).
  • These discs are advantageously made of elastomer so that their rotation causes the vegetables or the like to be shaken without damaging them.
  • FIG. 5 two trees (2, 3) have been shown as close together as possible so that the edges (16) of the discs (15) of two adjoining trees almost touch each other while in FIG. 6 the two trees have been represented (2 and 3) separated so that the edges (16) are at a certain distance from each other.
  • FIG. 5 two trees (2, 3) have been shown as close together as possible so that the edges (16) of the discs (15) of two adjoining trees almost touch each other while in FIG. 6 the two trees have been represented (2 and 3) separated so that the edges (16) are at a certain distance from each other.
  • the shafts (1) are rotated by a geared motor (21), which controls one of the shafts, the movement being communicated to the other shafts by a kinematic chain which, in the known examples, consists of a cascade of pinions.
  • the assembly is held by a chassis (22), of which the side members are recognized at (23), (24).
  • a first characteristic of the invention consists in the fact that the bearings such as (25), (26) of the shafts (1) to (14) are supported and guided by the central central articulations and aligned with levers inclined relatively to the right and on the left such as (27) and (28). Each of these levers is articulated at its end of the neighboring lever inclined in the other direction.
  • This arrangement of equal levers articulated in the middle part and at the ends is very old and is sometimes known under the name of "Nuremberg chisel". This arrangement forms a series of equal deformable diamonds, all of which therefore have the same diagonals.
  • each of the shafts (1) to (7), on the one hand and (8) to (14), on the other hand, which form part of two different lever systems is always the same and varies between a maximum distance shown in Figure 1 and a minimum distance shown in Figure 2.
  • Each set of levers (27, 28) includes a fixed point which are the axes of the shafts ( 7), (8) and a lever which moves with the greatest amplitude which is, on the one hand, the lever (271) and, on the other hand, the lever (281).
  • the shafts (1) to (14) are held in the same plane by guiding between slides (77), (78).
  • the levers (271) and (281) are separated or brought closer by a system of connecting rods (29), (30) articulated at (31), (32) respectively at the levers (271), (281) and at (33), (34) to a lifting beam (35) (which can be doubled ensuring two different sizes on the same machine, therefore two control cranks, and which can be made optionally integral) oscillating itself around an axis (36 ) secured to a support (37) fixed to the beam (23).
  • the oscillation of the lifter (35) is ensured by a nut integral with said lifter into which the threaded end (38) of a crank (39) is screwed rotating in a thrust bearing (40) fixed on the frame (22).
  • each crank (39) oscillates in one direction or the other, one or two spreaders (35) by pushing or pulling the rods (29) or (30) which act themselves on the levers (271) and (281) to either remove the series of levers according to the arrows (41, 42) ( Figure 1), or bring them together according to the arrows (43, 44) ( Figure 2).
  • a discharge deflector (49) is fixed on the last lever (27) directed towards the bottom of the shaft (14) corresponding to the other series of crossed levers.
  • the lifting beam system (35) of connecting rods (29), (30) with their corresponding articulations coming to end with the levers (271) and (281) have their correspondent on the other side of the machine, namely the lifter (351) and the connecting rods (301) and (291) (FIG. 7), the movements of which are coordinated by the axis (36) so as to simultaneously move exactly the four series of crossed levers, such as (27), (28), supporting the shafts (1) to (14) and moving them parallel to each other so that their spacing is always the same or possibly using two flywheels causing two different sizes, on the same mechine.
  • the shafts (7) and (8) are fixed, there is therefore an exception with regard to which the spacing does not change.
  • the shafts (7) and (8) of the machine ( Figures 3 and 4) have at their end a pinion wedged on them such that (57) which is engaged with a chain (58) ( Figure 1 and Figure 2) if although the synchronous rotation of the two shafts (7) and (8) is ensured.
  • all the other shafts (1) to (14) have at one end a pinion such as (59) wedged on the shaft and at the other end, a idler pinion (60). Odd shafts have idler gears on one side of the machine while even shafts have idler gears on that same side. It is the opposite on the other side of the machine.
  • an endless chain such as (61) which, on one side of the machine, passes over all the wedged pinions (59) and below all the idlers (60).
  • an endless chain (62) or a belt which passes beneath all of the propelled sprockets of the shafts and above all of the idler sprockets.
  • the chains (61) and (62) therefore rotate in opposite directions.
  • the chain (61) drives the fixed sprockets of the shafts from above, while the chain (62) drives them from below. They are each held at one end by a gypsy (63) and, at the other end, by a pinion (64) held at the end of an oscillating lever (65) and which is recalled in the direction of the arrows ( 66, 67) by a spring (68) held around a rod (69) attached to the chassis (22), the assembly serving as a chain tensioner.
  • This drive of the shafts (1) to (14) is very regular and is done without noise, especially if endless chains (61), (62) with rollers are used, the technique of which is well mastered, in particular in motorcycles.
  • this drive device is not exclusive and one could use belts which could function in good conditions if one could avoid the sliding of said belts on the pulleys replacing the pinions wedged on the shafts (1) to (14) .
  • the mechanism is protected towards the outside by protective casings (71), (72), (FIG. 7) and, from the side, from the inside of the machine, by flaps (73). , (74) which are oblique and flexible, for example made of rubber, and which are fixed above the shafts to the walls (75), (76) of the chute formed by the machine.
  • the lower end of the flaps (73), (74) touches the shafts (1) to (14) and the end discs (15) which they support.
  • the machine is used for cleaning, transporting and grading all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, onions, endives, beets or others. It can also be used for the same purpose with regard to fruit and even seafood, for example oysters.
  • the discs (15) being made of elastomer, it frequently happens that vegetables or fruits are wedged between the sides of two of these discs. It is therefore necessary to provide a device for eliminating these fruits and cleaning the machine.
  • the space between discs or stars is therefore cleaned by a comb comprising as many teeth directed upwards as there are spaces between the discs (15) and the spacing of which corresponds precisely to the spacing of said discs. spaces.
  • This comb is held on slides parallel to the plane of the rollers so that it can move parallel to itself and parallel to the shafts (1) to (14), under these so that the teeth of the comb are introduced between the disc spaces (15).
  • Each end of the comb, close to its slide, is held by an endless chain returned, at each end of the machine, by a pinion wedged on two shafts. The rotation of these shafts, in one direction then in the other, moves the chains and combs you from one end of the machine to the other in both directions by carrying out the cleaning planned.
  • control shafts of the comb can be rotated by a hand crank as required. Indeed, the frequency of wedging of fruit or vegetables between the discs (15) depends on the harvest. This device has not been shown in the drawings because it is simple to understand by those skilled in the art.
  • the machine can be composed of several successive groups of rotary rotary shafts (1) to (14), each group being adjusted for a different rating on this same machine.
  • the caliber change can be carried out either independently of the other groups, or mechanically and simultaneously.

Landscapes

  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Maschine zum Reinigen, Befördern, Putzen und Sortieren von Gemüse oder Früchten wie Kartoffeln, Karotten, Zwiebeln, Endivien, Rüben, Austern od.dgl. mit zueinander parallelen, in einer Ebene liegenden Wellen (1 bis 14), die in einem Rahmen (22) montiert sind, jeweils in derselben Drehrichtung angetrieben sind und Scheiben, Zahnräder oder Sterne (15) trägen, die in gleichen Abständen angeordnet sind, wobei das gewünschte Kaliber durch Änderung des Achsabstandes der Wellen erreicht wird, der im allgemeinen von der Eingangsseite auf die Ausgangsseite der Maschine zu zunimmt, um Produkte mit zunehmendem Kaliber zwischen den Wellen durchzulassen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
a) daß die Lager (25, 26) der Wellen (1 bis 14) von den zentralen und miteinander fluchtenden Mittelgelenken von zwei gleich ausgebildeten Reihen von gekreuzten Hebeln (27, 28) getragen und geführt sind, die an ihren beiden Enden und in ihrer Mitte aneinander angelenkt sind, sodaß eine X-Reihe und gleichzeitig verformbare Rauten entstehen, wobei die beiden Reihen von Hebeln (27, 28) für eine gleichzeitige Bewegung mechanisch miteinander verbunden sind oder, im Fall von zwei Handrädern bzw. -kurbeln, sich voneinander unabhängig bewegen und das erste Mittelgelenk am Rahmen (22) befestigt ist, während die Wellen (1 bis 14) durch Gleitführungen (77, 78) geführt sind,
b) daß die Wellen (1 bis 14) durch zwei endlose Ketten (61, 62) angetrieben sind, die über und unter Ritzel (59, 60) an den Enden der Wellen laufen, deren jede auf einer Seite ein auf ihr fest angebrachtes Ritzel (59) und auf der anderen Seite ein frei bewegliches Ritzel (60) trägt, wobei die freibeweglichen Ritzel (60) und die fest angebrachten Ritzel (59) auf jeder Maschinenseite einander abwechseln und die linke Kette unter dem Ritzel einer Welle durchläuft, wenn die rechte Kette über das andere Ritzel derselben Welle läuft, sodaß die Bewegung der Ketten (61, 62) den Antrieb der Wellen (1 bis 14) in derselben Drehrichtung bewirkt,
c) daß Scheiben, Zahnräder oder Sterne (15) mit V-Profil vorgesehen sind,
d) daß zum Schutz der mit den Lagern, Ketten und Hebeln versehenen Enden der Wellen (1 bis 14) biegsame Einrichtungen vorgesehen sind, die die Bewegungen der Wellen nicht behindern,
e) daß ein Aufgabeblech (45, 45) und ein Austrittsblech (49) vorgesehen sind, die sich an die Bewegungen der Wellen (1 bis 14) anpassen, und
f) daß einer Einrichtung zum Reinigen des Raumes zwischen den Scheiben, Zahnrädern oder Sternen (15) vorgesehen ist, die einen Kamm mit nach oben gerichteten Zähnen in denselben Abständen wie die Scheiben oder Sterne (15) vorgesehen ist, die einen Kamm mit nach oben gerichteten Zähnen in denselben Abständen wie die Scheiben oder Sterne (15) aufweist und sich periodisch von einem Ende der Maschine zum andern bewegt, wobei sie durch eine zur Ebene der Walzen parallele Gleitführung geführt ist.
2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Reihen gekreuzter Hebel (27, 28) an ihren beweglichen Enden jeweils durch eine mit einem Schwinghebel verbundene Stange (29, 30) angetrieben sind, wobei die beiden Schwenghebel auf einer Achse befestigt sind, die durch ein Stellorgan in Drehung versetzt wird, das die Hebelreihen (27, 28) verlängert oder verkürzt, wobei sich die Abstände zwischen den Wellen (1 bis 14) vergrößern bzw. verkleinern.
3. Maschine nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß symmetrisch zu den beiden Reihen von Hebeln (27, 28) zwei weitere Reihen vorgesehen sind, die sich von der Mitte der Maschine aus erstrecken.
4. Maschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die vier Hebelreihen gleichzeitig durch dieselbe zentrale Achse betätigt werden, auf der zwei Schwinghebel (35) befestigt sind, an deren Enden Stangen (29, 30) angelenkt sind, die ihrerseits an ihren anderen Enden an den Enden (271, 281) der Hebelreihen angelenkt sind.
5. Maschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden Paare von Reihen gekreuzter und aneinander angelenkter Hebel (27, 28) für eine getrennte Änderung des Wellenabstands getrennt angetrieben sind.
6. Maschine nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden benachbarten Wellen, die den ersten Mittelgelenken der Reihen von Hebeln (271,281) entsprechen und am Rahmen (22) befestigt sind, über Ritzel und eine Kette miteinander verbunden sind, wobei eine der beiden Wellen durch einen Getriebemotor (21) angetrieben ist.
7. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Organe zum Antrieb und zur Führung der Wellen durch biegsame, schräge Leitwände (73, 74) geschützt sind, die oberhalb der Wellen an den Wänden (75, 76) der Führungsrinne befestigt sind, bezüglich der Wellen hervorstehen und auf den seitlichen Scheiben, Zahnrädern oder Sternen (15) der Wellen lose aufliegen.
8. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Aufgabeblech aus zwei übereinanderliegenden Teilen besteht, wobei der untere Teil (45) schräg an den letzten Hebeln (271) der Reihen von aneinander angelenkten Hebeln (27, 28) befestigt ist und der obere Teil (46) über ein Gelenk (47) im oberen Teil des Rahmens (22) eingehängt ist und auf dem unteren Teil (45) aufliegt.
9. Maschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß hintereinander mehr als zwei Paare von Reihen von gekreuzten und aneinander angelenkten Hebeln (27, 28) vorgesehen sind, wobei die ausgangsseitige Endwalze des ersten Paars und die eingangsseitige Endwalze des zweiten Paars durch ein Endlosband (79) miteinander verbunden sind, das ein oberes, im wesentlichen waagrechtes Trum und ein mit einer Spannrolle (56) bestücktes, unteres Trum (55) aufweist.
EP81400245A 1980-02-22 1981-02-18 Reinigungs-, Verlade- und Sortiervorrichtung für Gemüse oder Früchte Expired EP0034980B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004394A FR2476447A1 (fr) 1980-02-22 1980-02-22 Perfectionnements aux nettoyeurs, transporteurs, degrenailleurs et calibreurs de legumes ou fruits
FR8004394 1980-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034980A1 EP0034980A1 (de) 1981-09-02
EP0034980B1 true EP0034980B1 (de) 1983-12-21

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EP81400245A Expired EP0034980B1 (de) 1980-02-22 1981-02-18 Reinigungs-, Verlade- und Sortiervorrichtung für Gemüse oder Früchte

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EP (1) EP0034980B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3161674D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2476447A1 (de)

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DE69603061T3 (de) † 1996-09-18 2003-01-23 Machf Bollegraaf Appingedam B Sortierförderer zur Sortierung von Altpapier aus Altkarton
NL1008218C2 (nl) * 1998-02-05 1999-08-06 Visser S Gravendeel Holding Verstelbare zeefinrichting.
ES2246211T3 (es) 2000-04-18 2006-02-16 Machinefabriek Bollegraaf Appingedam B.V. Transportador para el transporte de materiales a granel.
GB2505520A (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-05 Matthew Crowley Belt anti-wrapping system
DE102015104719A1 (de) * 2015-03-27 2016-09-29 Halbach & Braun Industrieanlagen Gmbh & Co. Siebeinrichtung
CN105173133A (zh) * 2015-08-17 2015-12-23 赵东明 一种马铃薯等地下块茎作物集成分选机中的分级包装机
CN106612810A (zh) * 2017-02-24 2017-05-10 东北农业大学 斜置式宽窄行钵苗移栽机构
CN109351612A (zh) * 2018-09-03 2019-02-19 安徽屹翔滤材有限公司 一种易于变化孔径的筛网片
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CN112403876A (zh) * 2020-10-29 2021-02-26 田秋 一种具有分离筛选功能的固体废物处理设备
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CN113428463B (zh) * 2021-06-24 2022-07-22 沅江兴农机械制造有限公司 一种多产业融合智能易伤水果选果分装平台
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Family Cites Families (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2202974A1 (de) * 1972-01-21 1973-08-02 Kunz Maschinen Ag Burgdorf Vorrichtung zum sortieren von kartoffeln

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Publication number Publication date
DE3161674D1 (en) 1984-01-26
EP0034980A1 (de) 1981-09-02
FR2476447B1 (de) 1983-07-22
FR2476447A1 (fr) 1981-08-28

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