EP0030396B1 - Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Pellets - Google Patents

Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Pellets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0030396B1
EP0030396B1 EP80201002A EP80201002A EP0030396B1 EP 0030396 B1 EP0030396 B1 EP 0030396B1 EP 80201002 A EP80201002 A EP 80201002A EP 80201002 A EP80201002 A EP 80201002A EP 0030396 B1 EP0030396 B1 EP 0030396B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
cooling
gases
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80201002A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0030396A1 (de
Inventor
Alois Dipl.-Ing. Kilian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to AT80201002T priority Critical patent/ATE3446T1/de
Publication of EP0030396A1 publication Critical patent/EP0030396A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0030396B1 publication Critical patent/EP0030396B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B21/00—Open or uncovered sintering apparatus; Other heat-treatment apparatus of like construction
    • F27B21/06—Endless-strand sintering machines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
    • C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
    • C22B1/2413—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating enduration of pellets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of pellets on a pellet burning machine with the passage of hot gases through the pellet bed, solid carbon-containing fuel being burned to produce at least part of the hot gases, the pellets being cooled by means of cooling gases passed through them, and at least part the heated cooling gases is passed into the thermal treatment stage.
  • pellet burning machines have different treatment zones in the direction of travel, namely drying zone, thermal treatment zone and cooling zone. These zones can be divided, e.g. Pre-drying and post-drying zone, heating zone, pre-firing zone, main firing zone, post-firing zone, first and second cooling zones.
  • the required process heat is usually brought into the process exclusively or predominantly by hot gases. These hot gases are generated or distributed and collected in gas hoods above the pellet bed by burning liquid, gaseous or dusty solid fuels. Since the exhaust gases are sometimes very hot, various gas recirculation systems are used to utilize the heat.
  • Such a pellet burning machine is e.g. known from DE-PS 14 33 339.
  • the hot cooling gas is led from the first pressure cooling zone in a common gas hood without the interposition of a blower into the thermal treatment zone - which consists of the heating zone, the combustion zone and the afterburning zone.
  • the hot cooling gas is distributed to the individual zones of the thermal treatment zone by means of internals in the common gas hood, these internals leaving channels to the actual combustion chambers of the individual zones.
  • the hot cooling gases are heated to the required temperature by burners.
  • the hot gases are drawn through the bed in wind boxes. Gases from the second cooling zone and exhaust gases from the afterburning and burning zone are directed into the drying zones. It is also described that the hot cooling gases are discharged from a gas hood above the cooling zone through a gas manifold and are distributed through distribution lines into the individual zones of the thermal treatment zone.
  • the thermal treatment can also be adversely affected or the output reduced or production must be stopped for repair.
  • the burner operation is particularly suitable for relatively expensive gaseous and liquid fuels. In the case of coal dust burners, it is advisable to reduce the number of burners because of the necessary transport and distribution facilities for the fuel.
  • the invention is based on the object of avoiding or substantially reducing the local overheating and the slagging and durability problems which occur in the process.
  • fuel should be able to be used as cheaply as possible, and the process should also be usable for improvements to existing plants without great effort.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention in that at least 10% of the fuel supplied to the process from the outside in the form of solid fuel is applied to the surface of the pellet bed, the task of the solid fuel being controlled in such a way that at least part of the thermal fuel Treatment zone with downward flow of the hot gases and / or at least in a part of the cooling zone with upward gas flow, from which the heated cooling gases are led into the thermal treatment zone, solid fuel is present on the bed.
  • the total heat requirement is covered by the recycled process heat in the recycled gas, plus the fuel heat from any fuel contained in the pellets, plus any reaction heat (e.g. heat of oxidation from Fe 3 0 4 to Fe 2 0 3 ), plus fuel supplied to the process from outside.
  • the characteristic “at least 10%” refers to this externally supplied fuel. All types of coal can be used as solid fuel, even those with a high volatile content.
  • the grain size distribution of the solid fuel, its quantity and the choice of the delivery points are set so that the desired in the individual zones and sections of the zones
  • the amount of heat available is such that there is no solid fuel left in the discharge and that local excess temperatures are avoided as far as possible.
  • the reactivity of the solid fuel and its volatile content must be taken into account - under otherwise identical conditions.
  • the solid fuel can be fed in by mechanical or pneumatic loading.
  • the rest of the fuel "supplied from the outside” is supplied in a conventional manner by means of burners which are operated with liquid or gaseous fuels or with coal dust.
  • the solid fuel can be fed in at one or more points only in the thermal treatment zone, the grain size distribution and feed point then being selected such that a portion of the fuel still reaches the cooling zone on the surface of the bed. From a certain grain size, the solid fuel in the cooling zone is entrained by the cooling gas flowing upwards and burns in the cooling gas on the way to the thermal treatment zone. If the entrained solid fuel has not yet burned out in the thermal treatment zone by the time the cooling gas hits the surface of the pellet bed, it will fall back onto the bed.
  • the solid fuel can also be fed into the thermal treatment zone and the cooling zone.
  • the solid fuel is entrained in the cooling zone when it has reached a certain grain size due to the combustion.
  • the portion that already has this grain size when it is fed in is immediately carried away.
  • the presence of solid fuel in the thermal treatment zone and in the cooling zone causes a “multi-stage combustion”, since the cooling gas emerging from the pellet bed in the cooling stage is further heated by burning solid fuel in the layer of solid fuel on the pellets , then by burning entrained solid fuel on the way to the thermal treatment zone and finally by passing through the layer of solid fuel on the surface of the bed in this zone.
  • there are only slight differences in temperature in the gas stream which significantly reduces the formation of slag from ash and dust and the formation of thermal NO x .
  • a preferred embodiment consists in that the heated cooling gases emerging in the cooling zone above the pellet bed are passed under a common gas hood into the thermal treatment zone with the hot gases flowing downwards, and the distribution of the hot gases by controlling the flow resistance of the pellet. Bed.
  • the flow resistance of the pellet bed in the individual sections of the thermal treatment zone is adjusted by regulating the negative pressure in the corresponding sections.
  • the gas can be distributed in the thermal treatment zone without installations in the gas hood.
  • a lower overpressure in the cooling zone and a lower underpressure in the thermal treatment zone are required, as a result of which the heat losses due to the escape of hot gases and suction of false air are reduced and the energy consumption of the blowers is also reduced.
  • the coldest cooling gases - from the last part of the cooling zone - flow under the ceiling of the gas hood and protect them from high temperatures.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that 40 to 80% of the fuel supplied from the outside is applied to the surface of the pellet bed. This area is particularly advantageous if there are no internals in the gas hood in the thermal treatment zone. This results in particularly good operating conditions because a considerable part of the heat is distributed evenly over a larger area of the pellet bed, this part can be generated from cheap fuel, and the remaining heat can be introduced in an easily controllable manner by burners, whereby the burner (s) required to start up can be used anyway.
  • a preferred embodiment is that solid fuel with a high content of volatile constituents is introduced into the thermal treatment zone and the layer thickness and / or grain size of the solid fuel is adjusted so that the flammable volatile constituents expelled predominantly burn in the lower layers of the pellet bed .
  • the desired firing temperature is also achieved in the lower layers of the bed without the upper layers being overheated.
  • the treatment time can also be shortened. With a higher layer height of the added solid fuel and coarser granulation, more volatile constituents are burned in the lower layers of the pellet bed.
  • the temperature of the upper layers of the pellet bed can already be reduced by supplying hot gases with a lower temperature in the afterburning zone.
  • a regulated proportion of fine grain can ensure that part of the solid fuel falls through the gaps into deeper layers and burns out there.
  • the pellet burner had a reaction area of 430 m 2 and a bandwidth of 3.5 m.
  • the unfired pellets 1 are fed onto the traveling grate 3 via a roller grate 2 and dried in the pressure drying zone 4 and the suction drying zone 5 by means of recycled process gases.
  • heated cooling gases are sucked through the pellet layer.
  • These are fed from the cooling zone 8b via a recuperation line 9 and 38 feed channels 10 to the 38 combustion chambers 11, heated there with the 38 oil burners 12 and fed to the heating and combustion zone via the combustion chamber outlets 13. (For a better overview, only one feed channel 10 with combustion chamber outlet 13 is shown in Fig. 1.)
  • heat is transported from the upper to the lower pellet layer by means of hot cooling gases from the cooling zone 8a.
  • the afterburning zone 14 is separated from the firing zone 7 by a separating weir 17, which prevents the cooling gases from the cooling zone 8a and 8b from directly entering the heating or firing zone 6 or 7, and thus the transport of the cooling gases from the cooling zone into the above-mentioned zones allows required pressure drops.
  • the heating and burning zone are separated from one another by the separating weir 20.
  • the larger fuel particles at the feed point 15 (with the downward flow of the cooling gases from FIG. 8a) burn off with weight loss and, if they are not completely burned off at the transition to or within the cooling zone (with the upward flow of the cooling gases) 8a) recirculated to the afterburning zone 14 until they are completely burned out.
  • feed points 15 and 16 In addition to the feed of solid fuel via feed points 15 and 16, a further 30% of the fuel fed into the process from outside is fed in in the form of solid fuel via feed points 18, 19, 21 and 22, i.e. a total of 44%.
  • the fuel addition points 18 and 19 are coated with oil to start up the system. After the operating temperature has been reached, these feed points are switched to solid fuel.
  • the fuel feed point 22 in the suction dryer 5 is designed as a combined burning point, specifically with one for solid fuel and one immediately following for liquid or gaseous fuel for igniting the fuel solid fuel previously charged. This focal point 22 is operated both when starting up the system and in normal operation.
  • the cooling zone 8a, 8b is connected directly to the afterburning zone 14 and the firing zone 7 by means of a common gas hood without internals.
  • the solid fuel is fed through the feed points 15, 16, 18, 21 and 22.
  • the combustion takes place in the manner already described for the area of the afterburning zone in several stages, whereby again the volatile and finest constituents of the coal are burned within the pellet layer, insofar as this occurs in the area of the downward flow of the cooling gases, i.e. at the drop-off points 15, 21 and 22. In this way it is possible to cover up to 100% of the fuel supplied from the outside with solid fuel.
  • the burn rate of the cooling air also being used at the same time as the temperature of the cooling air solid fuel in the cooling gas flow and on the pellet layer is controlled.
  • coal dust, oil or hydrate alcohol is used via the fuel feed points 19 and 23, the liquid fuels being used primarily during start-up operation.
  • the advantages of the invention are that local overheating on the burners and the associated disadvantages can be largely avoided. Even with a 10% solid fuel feed, the burners can be operated with less load and the disadvantages described can be significantly reduced.
  • the heating of the gases during combustion in the fuel layer takes place very evenly, so that this can be compared to a large number of burners. With a multi-stage heating of the gases in several stages in succession, this leveling out is increased considerably.
  • the thermal NO x formation is significantly reduced and the use of cheap fuels is possible.
  • the volume of the gases is only partially increased when the fuel layer heats up and the heat transfer within the pellet bed is improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP80201002A 1979-12-08 1980-10-22 Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Pellets Expired EP0030396B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80201002T ATE3446T1 (de) 1979-12-08 1980-10-22 Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung von pellets.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2949418 1979-12-08
DE2949418 1979-12-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0030396A1 EP0030396A1 (de) 1981-06-17
EP0030396B1 true EP0030396B1 (de) 1983-05-18

Family

ID=6087913

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80201002A Expired EP0030396B1 (de) 1979-12-08 1980-10-22 Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Pellets

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4373946A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
EP (1) EP0030396B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AT (1) ATE3446T1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BR (1) BR8007987A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA1160456A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE3063361D1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IN (1) IN150952B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ZA (1) ZA807587B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011110842A1 (de) 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Outotec Oyj Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von stückigem oder agglomeriertem Material

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3221283A1 (de) * 1982-06-05 1984-03-15 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren zum abtrennen von nichteisenmetallen aus eisenhaltigen sekundaerstoffen
DE3433043A1 (de) * 1984-09-08 1986-03-20 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung von stueckigen oder agglomerierten materialien auf einem wanderrost
FR2650204B1 (fr) * 1989-07-26 1993-07-16 Saint Gobain Isover Procede et dispositif pour le traitement de dechets de verre ou de fibres minerales en vue de leur recuperation
US5207572A (en) * 1989-07-26 1993-05-04 Isover Saint-Gobain Method and apparatus for the treatment and recovery of mineral fiber or glass waste
DE4234085A1 (de) * 1992-10-09 1994-04-14 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum Hartbrennen von eisenoxidhaltigen Pellets
DE19513549B4 (de) * 1995-04-10 2005-03-03 Siemens Ag Pelletieranlage
EA011459B1 (ru) * 2007-03-28 2009-04-28 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский Институт Металлургической Теплотехники" Оао "Вниимт" Способ термообработки железорудных окатышей
US20110143291A1 (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-16 Clements Bruce Flue gas recirculation method and system for combustion systems
CN106435165B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2019-01-11 山东钢铁股份有限公司 一种球团烧结设备
RU2652684C1 (ru) * 2017-03-10 2018-04-28 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное внедренческое предприятие ТОРЭКС" Способ и устройство для производства окатышей

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA682991A (en) * 1964-03-24 Dravo Corporation Method of and apparatus for the endothermic processing of ores
US1896884A (en) * 1931-11-06 1933-02-07 Lehigh Navigation Coal Company Method of producing light weight aggregates from breaker waste and the like
DE735258C (de) * 1933-11-14 1943-05-10 Fellner & Ziegler G M B H Verblaserost zum Kalzinieren, Roesten und Sintern unter Zumischung von Brennstoff zum Rohstoff
US3024101A (en) * 1956-05-25 1962-03-06 Cleveland Cliffs Iron Updraft traveling grate pelletizing furnace
US3042390A (en) * 1958-07-11 1962-07-03 Metallgesellschaft Ag Seals for the gas hoods of sintering machines
ES284703A1 (es) * 1962-02-12 1963-07-01 Metallgesellschaft Ag Un procedimiento para la calcinación dura de píldoras de minerales, materias primas de cemento y similares
GB1069317A (en) * 1964-04-13 1967-05-17 Allied Chem Processing of oxidic ores
US3332770A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-07-25 Dravo Corp Apparatus for reduction firing of iron ore pellets
US3620519A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-11-16 Dravo Corp Traveling grate apparatus and method
US4181520A (en) * 1975-01-14 1980-01-01 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Process for the direct reduction of iron oxide-containing materials in a rotary kiln

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011110842A1 (de) 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Outotec Oyj Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von stückigem oder agglomeriertem Material
WO2013026709A1 (en) 2011-08-23 2013-02-28 Outotec Oyj Apparatus and method for the thermal treatment of lump or agglomerated material
US9790570B2 (en) 2011-08-23 2017-10-17 Outotec Oyj Apparatus and method for the thermal treatment of lump or agglomerated material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN150952B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1983-01-29
ZA807587B (en) 1982-07-28
BR8007987A (pt) 1981-06-23
EP0030396A1 (de) 1981-06-17
US4373946A (en) 1983-02-15
ATE3446T1 (de) 1983-06-15
CA1160456A (en) 1984-01-17
DE3063361D1 (en) 1983-07-07

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