EP0022873B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines verpackungsbehälters mit einer klebstoffschicht aus leichtlöslichem puder - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines verpackungsbehälters mit einer klebstoffschicht aus leichtlöslichem puder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022873B1
EP0022873B1 EP19800900062 EP80900062A EP0022873B1 EP 0022873 B1 EP0022873 B1 EP 0022873B1 EP 19800900062 EP19800900062 EP 19800900062 EP 80900062 A EP80900062 A EP 80900062A EP 0022873 B1 EP0022873 B1 EP 0022873B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
powders
granules
adhesive layer
bag
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19800900062
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0022873A1 (de
EP0022873A4 (de
Inventor
Michio Kakumoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP15468678A external-priority patent/JPS5589001A/ja
Priority claimed from JP53163690A external-priority patent/JPS5852835B2/ja
Application filed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd filed Critical Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
Publication of EP0022873A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022873A1/de
Publication of EP0022873A4 publication Critical patent/EP0022873A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0022873B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022873B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00—Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/04—Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a container or packaging on the inner surface of which adheres a layer of readily soluble powders or granules.
  • BE-A-398 624 discloses an easily soluble material in the molten state, introduced into a container and which is made to adhere to the internal wall of the container by rotating the latter to form a layer. thin of said material on the inner wall of said container. The thin layer obtained is planar over its entire surface so that when water is introduced into the container, this layer comes into contact with water; however, due to its flatness, the contact surface between the material and the water is very small and causes a certain number of drawbacks, among which it should be mentioned that the dissolution of the material requires an extended period of time. and that it is difficult to dissolve the entire amount of an easily soluble material at one time at the time of use. In addition, since this Belgian Patent is limited to materials capable of being melted, the implementation of the process which is the subject of this is of reduced interest.
  • the Applicant has proposed a package of medicinal preparations comprising a flat container, in the form of a bag, which can be used as a cup after being opened and on the inner surface of which adhere powders or granules of medicaments, intended for use in as a solution in water, such as gargles (for example, Japanese Utility Model Application, published before exam # 49-37274).
  • these containers are neither bulky nor unbalanced; they can easily be carried, for example in a garment pocket, in travel bags, etc .; they can be used by pouring water directly on them to quickly prepare a uniform solution of drugs with the prescribed concentration and can be used anytime and anywhere, provided that water is available.
  • the main object of the present invention is to manufacture, from a commercial point of view, such containers or packaging for preparations of medicaments and similar articles.
  • a given quantity of powders or granules is sent to the adhesive layer of the rear part, after which the front part is folded over the rear part.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention the powders or the granules are advantageously constituted by a medicament for gargling, for disinfection or for cooling the oral cavity.
  • the containers having to be waterproof we generally choose containers made of waterproof paper lined or not with aluminum foil, or plastic. It is advantageous that these containers are heat-sealable to obtain better efficiency during the closing of their opening orifice.
  • the shape and structure of the container is that of a flat bag-shaped container.
  • the container may be of the bag-like type having folds folded over the side parts and the bottom, which can deploy and form a cup when these folds are opened when required.
  • the adhesive layer formed on the required area of the interior surface of the container is obtained by applying an adhesive to a given part of a sheet or film during the manufacture of the container, or by applying an adhesive to the required part of the inner surface of the manufactured container.
  • the adhesives are chosen appropriately as a function of the materials of the containers, of the nature of the powders or of the granules, which will be described below, etc.
  • the powders or the granules are, for example, pharmaceutical products intended for the 'Oral administration as described in detail below, or powders for making beverages such as powdered juice, adhesives harmless to humans are used.
  • adhesives include, for example, liquid paraffin, molten resins called "hot melt” and the like.
  • powders or granules which are made to adhere to the interior surfaces coated with adhesive of the containers as described above use is made of powders or granules which can dissolve or disperse in a liquid such as water, etc.
  • These powders or granules include pharmaceutical products for oral administration, such as gargles and medicines for cooling, powdered juices, chemicals for agricultural use and fertilizers.
  • These powders and granules can be used alone or as a mixture of several kinds. For example, when powders contain powders or granules of a bubble-blowing agent, the solubility and water dispersibility of the powders can be improved by the stirring effect created by the formation of bubbles.
  • bubble-forming agents in the form of powders and granules can be used, among which are preferred a mixture of citric acid or tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate, aluminum silicate comprising micropores which absorb at the minus 5% carbon dioxide, etc.
  • Preferred examples of powder compositions are given below:
  • the powders can be applied to the adhesive layer during the container manufacturing process, for example, after the sheet intended to be formed into the container has been coated with adhesive, or the powders can be introduced into the container by its upper opening after formation of the container.
  • a technique of displacement and dispersion of the powders or granules is used inside. of the container.
  • Preferred examples of displacement and dispersion techniques are as follows: a method comprising injecting a gas such as air into the container, causing the gas to rotate and circulate inside the container and guiding the powders dispersed towards the wall of the container by the gas stream; and a method which communicates vibration or rotation to the container by applying suitable mechanical means. When the container is rotated, it is necessary to rotate it so that the powders move inside the container by gravity.
  • This rotation can be achieved, for example, by rotating the container repeatedly upside down, or by rotating the container while holding it in an almost horizontal plane. You can rotate the container while inverting it upside down if necessary.
  • These means for moving and dispersing powders can be used alone or in combination with one another. For example, it is possible to vibrate or rotate the container while injecting air inside. These displacement and dispersing means can be applied during or after the introduction of the powders inside the container.
  • the powders or granules introduced into containers using the means described above for displacement and dispersion are dispersed and adhere uniformly to the entire adhesive layer which is on the interior surfaces of the containers, which allows to obtain containers on the inner surface of which adheres a layer of powders or granules.
  • the containers obtained, the opening of which is gaping, are then closed by application of heat or another suitable means. Before these openings are closed, the containers can be freed of the air they contain.
  • the manufacturing method according to the present invention thanks to the combination of the steps described above, can ensure a large series production, continuously and efficiently, of containers on the inner surface of which adheres a layer of powders or granules and the products are obtained at reduced cost prices.
  • the method according to the present invention is therefore very advantageous from the commercial point of view.
  • the above method of moving and dispersing powders in containers allows for uniform dispersion and adhesion of the powders on the adhesive coated surface, not only when the powders have a relatively uniform particle size, but also when they have a wide variety of dimensions, for example in the case of multi-component systems, or when the surfaces coated with adhesive are irregular or have complex curvatures.
  • the powders contain a fragile granular component, which, if broken, can react with another component and become moist, it is possible to obtain a uniform adhesion of such powders on the interior surface of the container, without such risks occurring.
  • products as described above and of very high quality can advantageously be produced on an industrial scale.
  • a waterproof container (1) is produced, in the form of a flat bag, having an opening (1a).
  • An adhesive layer (2) is formed on the inner surface of the container (1) over a desired area, for example over the area which extends about 70 to 80% of the height of the container.
  • Figure 5 shows an example of the manufacture of the container (1) described above: first, a sheet (7) is prepared with a front part (1A) and a rear part (1 B) connected together by a fold (at); in the second step, an adhesive layer (2) is formed on the upper surface of said sheet (7), on its inner face and in the last step, the front part (1A) is folded over the rear part (1B) on along the fold (a) and the edges (7a) are joined by application of heat or another suitable means. While joining or assembling the edges (7a), the front (1A) and rear (1B) parts may stick together via the adhesive layers (2) and (2) deposited on their interior surface. and action must be taken to prevent such membership.
  • These measures can for example: consist of forming a space between the adhesive layers (2) and (2) by bending outwards both the front (1A) and rear (1 B) parts, before folding the front face (1A) on the rear part (1B), as indicated by the broken lines in the drawing of the second step in Figure 5; consist in establishing a space between the adhesive layers (2) and (2) by placing a required quantity of powders or granules (3) on the adhesive layer (2), the rear part (1B) before folding the front part (1A) over the rear part (1B).
  • a required quantity of powders or granules (3) is introduced into the container (1) whose inner surface carries an adhesive layer (2) as obtained in the first stage.
  • the introduction of powders or granules (3) is omitted in the case where these powders or granules were introduced beforehand into the container (1) during its preparation.
  • Figures 2 and 3 respectively show the means to be applied to the flat container (1) in the form of a bag, to establish a space between the front part (1A) and the rear part (1B).
  • arrows (8) (8) indicate the directions of the compressive force which must be applied to the two ends of the front and rear parts (1A) and (1B) in order to curl them or deploy them towards the outside
  • the arrows (9) (9) indicate the directions of the application of the vacuum which must be exerted on the two parts (1A) and (1B) for the same purpose.
  • the reference (4) indicates a spacer inserted in the opening of the container (1) and arrows (10) (10) indicate the directions of application of the vacuum.
  • a gas such as air
  • the gas rotates and circulates inside the container (1) and causes the uniform adhesion of the powders or granules (3) to the entire layer coated with adhesive (3) deposited on the interior surface of the container (1 ).
  • the introduction of the gas can be carried out during the introduction of the powders.
  • Air is generally used as the gas to be introduced in the third step.
  • inert gases such as nitrogen, etc. are used.
  • the air contained in the container (1) is replaced by an inert gas before the introduction of the powders, during the second step.
  • a filter (6) can be arranged on the opening of the container (1).
  • a filter (6) can be, for example, constituted by metal cans, sintered porous metals and open cell synthetic resin foams; this filter can be of the type which includes a filtration unit placed on the opening of the container (1) as shown in the drawing of the third step of FIG. 1, or of a type consisting of a filtration unit inserted in the packaging container (1), as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the nozzle (5) may have a number of injection orifices arranged on the periphery of the bottom, in addition to a lower opening and may also be provided a device at its lower end, so as to ensure a greater gas distribution area.
  • the gas distribution device can be a hollow pipe with many openings or a hollow plate with many openings.
  • the opening (1a) of the container (1) is closed hermetically during a fourth step, by application of heat or other suitable means to obtain the finished article.
  • FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the present invention, as illustrated in Figure 7, differs from the example described above, in that a means of vibration or rotation is adopted instead of the introduction of gas, in the third stage.
  • the reference (5a) designates a support means designed to pinch the opening of the container (1).
  • the desired medicament solution can be easily prepared by opening the container to pour water into.
  • the juice can quickly be prepared as described above, by pouring water into the container.
  • the powders or granules are fertilizers or agricultural chemicals, a solution of these can be obtained in the same way, which is particularly convenient and useful in horticulture.
  • little measurement lines Can be traced on the inner surface of the container to indicate the amount of water to be poured into it.
  • a manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention is described below, with reference to the first manufacturing apparatus provided with a rotation mechanism for containers, as shown in FIGS. 8 to 13.
  • a fold is formed using a device (13) for pleating through the center of a piece of paper which is placed on a first conveyor belt (12), coming from a feed device of paper (11) and the paper moves from the conveyor belt (12) to a second conveyor belt (14) connected to the first.
  • An adhesive is applied by an adhesive coating device (15) to the required part of the surface of the paper, during the transport thereof by the strip (14).
  • a given amount of powders are placed using a powder dispenser (16) on one of the halves of the adhesive coated surface of the paper, separated by the central fold ; then, the piece of paper passes from the second conveyor belt (14) to a third conveyor belt (17) to which it is connected.
  • bag The piece of paper put in the form of a bag by assembling the sides (hereinafter referred to simply as “bag”) passes from the third conveyor belt (17) to a turntable (20) and undergoes the various treatments during its passage through each stations (21) to (24) arranged on the periphery of the plate (20).
  • the station (21) is provided with a device (not shown) which is designed to increase the distance between the front and rear position of the bag, by applying vacuum or other suitable means so as to create a space in the bag .
  • An apparatus for temporarily closing the open end of the bag inside which a space has been formed is mounted in the station (22), so that the powders or granules cannot come out but that the air can pass.
  • the station (24) is equipped with a device (not shown), to form one or more notches which will facilitate the opening of the bag.
  • the bag having undergone the required treatments on the turntable (20), is carried by a conveyor device (25) provided with guide fingers (see FIG. 12), from the plate (20) to an inversion cylinder (26 ) so as to be turned upside down.
  • a conveyor device (25) provided with guide fingers (see FIG. 12), from the plate (20) to an inversion cylinder (26 ) so as to be turned upside down.
  • the bag After having undergone this overturning treatment, the bag is transported from the cylinder (26) to a rotating device (28) via a second conveyor device provided with fingers (27).
  • Figure 12 shows the details of the rotating device (28); the reference (28a) designates a reversing drum and the reference (28b) designates spiral rotation devices mounted on the reversing cylinder (28a) in four positions at regular intervals of 90 °. If the spiral rotation device (28b) can perform the spiral rotation of the bags, its structure is not particularly limited.
  • the bag having been subjected to the rotation treatment which it undergoes the rotating device (28), during its transport by a conveyor device (29), passes through a deaeration device (30), an apparatus (31) for closing the opening of the bag, a device for cutting off the superfluous end of the part of the closed opening (32) and other suitable treatment devices (not shown) for undergoing the corresponding treatments.
  • the finished product is thus obtained.
  • the manner in which the adhesive (49) is applied is illustrated in detail in Figure 15.
  • the reference (70) denotes a photoelectric tube placed between the guide cylinders (46) and (47). The photoelectric tube (70) monitors movements in the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the normal position of the film (41) and sends signals to a position adjustment mechanism (not shown).
  • the reference (50) designates a support device arranged below the adhesive applicator (48).
  • This support device (50) comprises, for example, a conveyor which moves at the same speed as the film (41).
  • the reference (40a) designates a packaging film reserve roll which can be used after consumption of the packaging film roll (40).
  • This film folding device (52) comprises a pair of left and right side plates (52a) and (52a), the spacing of which is reduced from the inlet to the outlet, thereby imparting a tendency to fold in V-shape at the cross section of the film (41) and a film holder (52b), which is mounted between these side plates (52a) and (52a) to maintain the center line of the film (41) in the required position.
  • the film (41), during its passage through the folding device (52), is guided by the side plates (52a) and (52a) of the device (52) so as to be folded along its central line along a V shape in cross section.
  • the heat-sealing apparatus (53) consists of a pair of inner and outer lateral bars (53a) and (53b) of sealing: the inner sealing bar (53a) is always kept in an upright, vertical position, while that the outer sealing bar (53b) pivots around a support point located at the lowest end between the horizontal and vertical positions.
  • the outer sealing bar (53b) is constructed to operate as follows: when it is sent to the portion to be sealed (41a), it rests horizontally so as not to hinder the passage of the film (41); it is lifted in a vertical position during displacement on the orbit (55) of for example, a distance of approximately 10 degrees from its point of approach to the film. When it is lifted, the outer sealing bar (53b) retains between itself and the inner sealing bar (53a), the portion of the film (41) to be sealed (41a) so as to achieve this sealing.
  • the nozzle (54) for supplying powders and granules and for injecting air comprises a double pipe, an external portion of pipe (54a) with an open upper end. designed for feeding powders or granules and an interior portion of pipe (54b) with a side opening for air injection.
  • a cylindrical guide ⁇ 54d) is fixed by an arm (54e) to the outer surface of a central part of the nozzle (54), a space being formed between them; the open lower end of the guide (54d) is closed by a wire mesh filter (54f) provided with meshes allowing deaeration but preventing the exit of powders or granules.
  • the cylindrical or oval guide (54d) further indicated by dotted lines in FIG.
  • the reference (54g) designates a flange filter, which advances relative to the external surface of the cylindrical guide (54d).
  • the filter consists of two layers, an upper sintered metal filter and a flexible lower filter.
  • the cylindrical guide (54d) serves to guide the nozzle (54) in the bag-forming part (41b) and also to create a space in the bag-forming part (41b), for the ventilation of the powders or granules.
  • the film or sheet having been formed to adopt a V-shaped configuration moves on the circular orbit (55) while being accompanied by the heat-sealing apparatus (53) sent to the portion (41a) to be sealed, while the nozzle (54) is introduced into the bag-making part (41b); the portion (41a) is heat-sealed by the heat-sealing apparatus (53) between two positions (56) and (57) on the orbit (55) and the part forming a bag (41b) receives a given quantity of powders from a hopper (60), fitted with a dosing and feeding unit (59) (see Figure 14), at position (58) on the orbit (55).
  • the powder introduced is aerated between positions (61) and (62), on the orbit (55).
  • the reference (63) designates an air supply device and a distribution pipe (63a) of the device (63) is disposed on the orbit (55) between the positions (61) and (62 ).
  • the distribution pipe (63a) comprises an air injection portion (63a ') over the entire length of its side which faces the orbit (55) and a receiving portion (54b'), which advances laterally ( Figure 16) to the inner tube (54b) of the nozzle (54), moves in contact with the air injection portion (63a ') to be supplied with air.
  • the receiving portions (54b ') of the successive nozzles (54) can be joined along the circular orbit, with or without the aid of elements covering the air injection portion (63a') and be interposed between the receiving portions so as to prevent any loss of air out of the air injection portion (63a ') of the distributor pipe (63a).
  • the air can be heated before being sent to the bag-forming part (41b).
  • the air flow introduced into the bag-forming part (41b) is indicated by arrows. Under the effect of the rotating and circulating air currents, powders or granules are distributed and bonded uniformly over the entire surface of the adhesive (49) applied to the interior surface of the bag-forming part (41b). During the introduction of air, the upper end or green of the portion of the outer pipe (54a) is closed by appropriate means.
  • the part forming a bag (41b), still held by the support means (67), passes through a cutting device (68) comprising a blade (68a) and a complementary part of the latter (68b), so that it is cut at the sealed part (41a) to obtain the desired products.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bag Frames (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von flachen, für Wasser undurchlässigen Behältern in Form eines Sacks, die auf ihrer inneren Oberfläche eine Klebstoffschicht aus leichtlöslichen Pudern oder leichtlöslichen Körnchen, wobei dieser flache Behälter in Form eines Sacks Randteile, einen vorderen Teil und einen rückwärtigen Teil aufweist, wobei der vordere und rückwärtige Teil genügend flexibel sind, dass sie gewölbt werden und einen angemessenen Raum als Behälter für Wasser zwischen sich bilden können, wenn der Sack an seinen Rändern gehalten und nach dem Inneren zusammengedrückt wird, wobei dieser Behälter vom Wegwerftyp und dieses Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der vordere Teil und der rückwärtige Teil durch eine Faltung verbunden werden und der rückwärtige Teil längs der Faltung auf den vorderen Teil zurückgeklappt wird, dass dieser Behälter mit einer Klebstoffschicht versehen wird, die auf vorbestimmten Teilen seiner inneren Oberfläche und insbesondere auf einer gegebenen Zone der vorerwähnten Materialfolie vorgesehen wird, dass die beiden Ränder des vorderen und rückwärtigen Teils zur Ausbildung eines flachen Behälters in Form eines Sacks, der eine Klebstoffschicht auf seiner inneren Oberfläche aufweist, versiegelt werden, dass man, um zu verhindern, dass die Klebstoffschichten, die auf der inneren Oberfläche der Materialfolie jeweils auf dem vorderen und rückwärtigen Teil derselben aufgebracht sind, aneinander kleben, dem vorderen und rückwärtigen Teil einer Tendenz verleiht, sich während des Faltens des vorderen Teils auf den hinteren Teil zu krümmen und sich nach aussen zu entfalten, und dass man eine gegebene Mange an Pudern oder Körnchen in diesem Behälter, der die erwähnte Klebstoffschicht enthält, bewegt und verstreut, und zwar in der Weise, dass die Puder oder die Körnchen auf der Gesamtheit der mit dem Klebstoff überzogenen Oberfläche ausgeschüttet werden, damit ein gleichförmiger Zusatz dieser Puder oder dieser Körnchen erhalten wird.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine gegebene Menge an Pudern oder Körnchen auf der Klebstoffschicht des rückwärtigen Teils vorgesehen wird, wonach der vordere Teil auf den rückwärtigen Teil zurückgeklappt wird.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Puder oder die Körnchen ein Medikament zum Gurgeln sind, das zum Desinfizieren oder Erfrischen der Mundhöhle bestimmt ist.
EP19800900062 1978-12-14 1980-07-01 Verfahren zur herstellung eines verpackungsbehälters mit einer klebstoffschicht aus leichtlöslichem puder Expired EP0022873B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15468678A JPS5589001A (en) 1978-12-14 1978-12-14 Method of making container which has powder bonding layer on inside surface
JP154686/78 1978-12-14
JP163690/78 1978-12-22
JP53163690A JPS5852835B2 (ja) 1978-12-22 1978-12-22 内面に粉粒体の接着層を有する容器の製造法

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022873A1 EP0022873A1 (de) 1981-01-28
EP0022873A4 EP0022873A4 (de) 1981-07-16
EP0022873B1 true EP0022873B1 (de) 1984-10-24

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ID=26482903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19800900062 Expired EP0022873B1 (de) 1978-12-14 1980-07-01 Verfahren zur herstellung eines verpackungsbehälters mit einer klebstoffschicht aus leichtlöslichem puder

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0022873B1 (de)
DE (1) DE2953433C1 (de)
GB (1) GB2057306B (de)
WO (1) WO1980001270A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4626435A (en) * 1985-11-18 1986-12-02 Zimmerman Mark E Individual coffee brewing
US5316779A (en) * 1991-09-16 1994-05-31 Morey Booker W Foam-limiting drinking cup and method
US5222940A (en) * 1992-01-03 1993-06-29 Wilk Peter J Device for facilitating administration of medicine
US20010038871A1 (en) * 1999-05-11 2001-11-08 Sally Nardi Selectable agent delivery system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE398624A (de) *
US2967609A (en) * 1957-10-28 1961-01-10 Goldene Shaw Combined paper cup and package
GB1152866A (en) * 1966-06-07 1969-05-21 Monsanto Chemicals Refractory Production
US3472201A (en) * 1967-05-25 1969-10-14 Nat Distillers Chem Corp Centrifugal coating apparatus for coating interior surfaces of bodies
US4024694A (en) * 1976-06-18 1977-05-24 Marvin Cooper Apparatus for filling and assembling cups and process therefore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2953433A1 (en) 1980-12-18
EP0022873A1 (de) 1981-01-28
WO1980001270A1 (en) 1980-06-26
GB2057306A (en) 1981-04-01
GB2057306B (en) 1983-02-09
EP0022873A4 (de) 1981-07-16
DE2953433C1 (de) 1984-05-30

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