EP0022134B1 - Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit - Google Patents

Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022134B1
EP0022134B1 EP79101819A EP79101819A EP0022134B1 EP 0022134 B1 EP0022134 B1 EP 0022134B1 EP 79101819 A EP79101819 A EP 79101819A EP 79101819 A EP79101819 A EP 79101819A EP 0022134 B1 EP0022134 B1 EP 0022134B1
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Prior art keywords
weight
concrete
mechanical strength
steel
high mechanical
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EP0022134A1 (de
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Henrik Giflo
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reinforcing steel or round concrete with high mechanical strength, easily weldable to a given carbon content, which is resistant to air corrosion, which optimally satisfies the requirements of modern construction.
  • This steel is particularly useful in the construction of concrete elements with complex properties, which must have good bearing properties and be able to be used under high temperature conditions as well as in the preparation of formwork constructions using these concrete elements.
  • Concrete is one of the most used building materials, which has a high compressive strength, but a low tensile strength.
  • This drawback of concrete has been resolved in construction by introducing concrete construction elements, steel bars or steel reinforcements into the traction zone which absorb the tensile stresses and relieve the concrete of such stresses. These steel reinforcements are what are called concrete reinforcing bars. Concrete rods can be divided into two groups according to their way of introduction or the constraints to which they are intended to be subjected. At the same time, the method of use determines the requirements for such steels.
  • the concrete reinforcing bars are intended to absorb or eliminate after their introduction, the tensile and shear stresses of the construction.
  • These reinforcing steels are hot rolled, they are most often round unalloyed or low alloyed steels provided with ribs and of a quality which can be welded or not.
  • Hot rolled concrete rods must have a guaranteed apparent limit of elasticity, appropriate flexibility, ribs increasing the adhesion necessary for transfer. forces and if necessary they must be able to be welded.
  • the tensile stresses of the construction are eliminated by the concrete bars, by a prestressing of the concrete elements.
  • This method of use significantly reduces the weight of the construction.
  • the reinforcing steels or reinforcing bars are drawn with a tensile force corresponding to the elastic limit, are prestressed and embedded in this state in the concrete.
  • the concrete element is therefore prestressed in compression by the reinforcing steel embedded in it after solidification of the concrete; the prestress corresponding to the tension used during the prestressing of steel.
  • the tension resulting from the stresses of the construction which are exerted in the concrete element is lowered to a minimum acceptable value for the concrete.
  • Pre-stressed reinforcing steel must therefore function as a tension spring, which determines the requirements for such steel.
  • prestressed concrete rods are already, because their function is not the same, different from the requirements for hot-rolled reinforcing steels.
  • Their apparent elastic limit must reach at least 80% of their tensile strength and in addition, the elasticity must have minimum bending, appropriate relaxation and sensitivity to corrosion under low stress.
  • the high tensile strength of reinforcing steels is also an essential industrial requirement.
  • the greater the strength of the steel the greater in general the allowable working stress. This increases the value of use of prestressed concrete rods, and the loss of tensile force which is inevitable following the shrinking and slow deformation of the concrete thereby loses its importance.
  • the embedded non-prestressed reinforcing steel which must be used in concrete, must have a plasticity which tolerates cracking of the concrete following the bending stresses of the construction before the steel breaks, but which nevertheless prevents the The reinforcing steel is subjected due to this crack to the action of environmental corrosion.
  • the reinforcing steels suitable for prestressing must still have properties. favorable rheological tees and good stability to stress corrosion.
  • Reinforcing steels which are usable under stress or not and which have appropriate mechanical strengths are currently known.
  • the chemical composition of the reinforcing steels which are not used for prestressing is characterized in that the carbon content is most often equal to at most 0.60% by weight and that their manganese content is between 0 , 50 and 1.60% by weight.
  • Some steels additionally contain 0.20-0.60% by weight of silicon and 0.03% by weight of niobium or vanadium.
  • Steels which are used in hot-rolled form and which are not suitable for prestressing are generally weldable up to a carbon content of at most 0.20%.
  • Their tensile strength is generally between 350 and 600 N / mm 2 and can be used in 40 to 60% of constructions.
  • the tensile strength of the non-weldable area is between 600 and 800 N / mm 2 , but only 30 to 40% can be used for the transmission of a bending which does not require a final modification of shape.
  • Reinforcing steels used for prestressing are produced by deformation processes expensive and complicated cold and hot treatment or by the combination of these treatments.
  • Their chemical composition can be characterized by the fact that their carbon content is generally between 0.50 and 0.80% by weight and that their silicon content is between 1.00-2.00%, in manganese between 0.70-1.20% and some other elements and even 0.50-1.50% chromium and 0.30-0.80% molybdenum.
  • a characteristic of their mechanical properties is a tensile strength between 1300 and 1850 N / mm 2 and by a traction which requires a deformation of 0.05% which remains from 800 to 1200 N / mm 2 .
  • the relaxation of these steels presents good relaxation for a load at 70% of the tensile strength.
  • the known and used reinforcing steels have a relatively low resistance. They can only be welded in very narrow areas of resistance and produced by complicated technological processes requiring a large workforce to obtain the spring effect necessary in modern uses and construction.
  • Patent SU-A-570,657 (GOLOVIN) describes steels for molds having the following composition: C: 0.05-0.1%; Mn: 0.6-1.25%; If: 0.15-0.4%; Ni: 1.15-1.55%; Cu: 0.08-1.2%; V: 0.06-0.1%; Mo: 0.15-0.25%; AI: 0.03-0.08%; Ca: 0.005-0.03%; Ni: 0.005-0.02% and at least one element chosen from:
  • the object of the invention is the preparation of a reinforcing steel which has a high mechanical resistance even in the hot rolled state and which can be welded up to a determined carbon content, which can be used as steel of prestressed reinforcement after a simple heat treatment for a higher carbon content than that previously possible, which exhibits excellent relaxation and stability to stress corrosion and which is suitable for the production of concrete or structural elements formwork which optimally meets the requirements of the construction but which can also be used at higher temperatures.
  • the reinforcing steel according to the invention comprises, in addition to iron, at most 1.20% of carbon, at most 3.5% by weight of manganese, at most 2.80% by weight of silicon, at most 1.00% by weight of molybdenum, at most 3.00% by weight of copper and / or nickel, at most 0.15% by weight of zirconium and / or cerium, 0.04 to 0.30% by weight of niobium and / or vanadium, 0.008 to 0.035% by weight of nitrogen, 0.0005 to 0.025% by weight of calcium, 0.02-0.15% by weight of aluminum and 0.001 at 0.05% by weight of boron and / or beryllium.
  • Another steel composition according to the invention comprises, in addition to iron and usual residual elements, the following elements in the proportions indicated below.
  • the properties of the constituents and their appropriate proportions in the alloy system according to the invention create physicochemical, kinetic as well as germination conditions such, during their dissolution, solidification, recrystallization and hot deformation that the availability of the constituents to enter interstitially into solution, the quantity of these constituents as well as the number and the degree of stress, of networks prestressed in this way are markedly increased. Thanks to the increase in the number of networks presenting an interstitial preload and their degree of constraint, the number of dislocations created by metallurgical pathways which promote or determine the formation of metallic precipitates and the density of their disposition is significantly increased, which has the effect of increasing the efficiency of the precipitation anchoring function during the frontal displacement of dislocations caused by the loads.
  • the speed of diffusion or the number of neighboring metal atoms is reduced, thereby also reducing the formation of inconsistent seeds.
  • This avoids the formation of an inhomogeneous zone along the grain boundaries, by alloying elements or precipitation and that their mechanical resistance or their creep resistance decreases.
  • the bursting which previously occurred at the grain boundaries as a result of the loads is therefore delayed and their elongation and contraction is increased during rupture by creep.
  • the elements according to the invention, and their proportion make it possible to automatically obtain a remarkable metallurgical quality of the reinforcing steel during its production.
  • the mechanical resistance as well as the endurance limit of the steel is increased by several times without cold treatment or deformation but by an effective combination of the consolidation mechanism.
  • the non-weldable field it is possible to obtain in a very simple manner and with lower expenses, mechanical strengths in particular higher as well as rheological properties more favorable than for known reinforcing steels.
  • the reinforcing steel according to the invention contains in its chemical composition also alloying compounds which concentrate if necessary on the surface of the steel during the hot deformation process, and which form over time, at following atmospheric action on this surface a protective layer. This layer protects the steel from air corrosion and significantly reduces the corrosion rate in comparison with known non-alloy reinforcing steels.
  • the reinforcing steel according to the invention is well weldable up to a determined carbon content and its properties are similar in the zone of thermal influence during welding, to the properties of the starting product.
  • the reinforcing steel according to the invention can be prepared and worked with the same installations as the known reinforcing steels, which means that it does not require new installations and investments to be prepared in large quantities. It has remarkable mechanical properties and guarantees stability to air corrosion if necessary and widens the resistance range in which a welded joint can be used.
  • the manufacturing costs of the products prepared from the steel according to the invention do not exceed the average level currently reached due to the improved mechanical strength.
  • Three charges of a steel according to the invention are prepared.
  • the charges bearing the references 1 and 2 which belong to the weldable field were prepared in a 70-ton arc furnace and then poured into molds of 3.5 tonnes with a quadratic profile.
  • the resulting cast ingots were then rolled under normal conditions into square blocks having a section of 180 mm, they were then rolled into concrete rods with grooves and a diameter of 16 mm and allowed to cool in air on a cooler.
  • the load bearing the reference 3 which does not belong to the weldable field, was prepared in a 20-ton arc furnace and poured into an ingot mold of 6 tonnes with a quadratic profile. This charge was rolled in a similar manner to that of charges 1 and 2, and was prepared in the form of a grooved concrete rod with a diameter of 8 mm in rolled form and air-cooled.
  • the results of the material tests are as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Claims (3)

1. Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, der bis zu einem vorgegebenen Kohlenstoffgehalt schweissbar und nach Bedarf stabil gegen atmosphärische Korrosion ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ausser Eisen höchstens 1,20 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, höchstens 3,50 Gew.-% Mangan, höchstens 2,80 Gew.-% Silizium, höchstens 1,00 Gew.-% Molybdän, höchstens 3,00 Gew.-% Kupfer und/oder Nickel, höchstens 0,15 Gew.-% Zirkon und/oder Cer und 0,04-0,30 Gew.-% Niob und/oder Vanadium, 0,008-0,035 Gew.-% Stickstoff, 0,0005-0,025 Gew.-% Calcium, 0,02-0,15 Gew.-% Aluminium und 0,001-0,05 Gew.-% Bor und/oder Beryllium enthält.
2. Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, der bis zu einem vorgegebenen Kohlenstoffgehalt schweissbar und nach Bedarf stabil gegen atmosphärische Korrosion ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er ausser Eisen und den üblichen Restelementen die Elemente in folgenden Mengenanteilen enthält:
Figure imgb0007
3. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Armierungsstahls mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit, der bis zu einem vorgegebenen Kohlenstoffgehalt schweissbar und nach Bedarf stabil gegen atmosphärische Korrosion ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Ofen eine Charge erschmolzen wird, die ausser dem Eisen höchstens 1,20 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, höchstens 3,50 Gew.-% Mangan, höchstens 2,80 Gew.-% Silizium, höchstens 1,00 Gew.-% Molybdän, höchstens 3,00 Gew.-% Kupfer und/oder Nickel, höchstens 0,15 Gew.-% Zirkon und/oder Cer und 0,04-0,30 Gew.-% Niob und/oder Vanadium, 0,008-0,035 Gew.-% Stickstoff, 0,0005-0,025 Gew.-% Calcium, 0,02-0,15 Gew.-% Aluminium und 0,001-0,05 Gew.-% Bor und/oder Beryllium enthält und dann vergossen, gewalzt und abgekühlt wird.
EP79101819A 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit Expired EP0022134B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79101819T ATE15816T1 (de) 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer festigkeit.
EP79101819A EP0022134B1 (de) 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit
DE7979101819T DE2967517D1 (en) 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Reinforcement steel with high mechanical strength

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP79101819A EP0022134B1 (de) 1979-06-08 1979-06-08 Armierungsstahl mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit

Publications (2)

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EP0022134A1 EP0022134A1 (de) 1981-01-14
EP0022134B1 true EP0022134B1 (de) 1985-09-25

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DE (1) DE2967517D1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5980752A (ja) * 1982-10-28 1984-05-10 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> 硫化水素環境で溶接部の耐水素割れ性及び耐硫化物応力腐食割れ性に優れた鋼
BR8404270A (pt) * 1984-08-27 1986-04-01 Marchesan Implement & Maquin Composicao de aco para discos agricolas
JPH0674487B2 (ja) * 1986-11-28 1994-09-21 新日本製鐵株式会社 耐サワ−性の優れた高靱性電縫鋼管
JP2864348B2 (ja) * 1994-06-27 1999-03-03 高周波熱錬株式会社 高強度高溶接性プレストレストコンクリート用鋼棒または鋼線ならびにその製造方法
DE102013208413B4 (de) * 2013-05-07 2019-10-10 Badische Stahlwerke Gmbh Betonstahl, Herstellungsverfahren für Betonstahl

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT193914B (de) * 1954-06-02 1957-12-10 Oesterr Alpine Montan Stahl für Bewehrungszwecke im Bauwesen
FR1424921A (fr) * 1965-02-18 1966-01-14 Huetten Und Bergwerke Rheinhau Acier à résistance élevée pour des éléments de construction placés pendant une longue durée sous un effort de traction, en particulier acier pour béton précontraint à résistance élevée vis-à-vis de la corrosion fissurante
DE1508408B1 (de) * 1965-02-25 1971-04-01 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Verfahren zur herstellung kohlenstoffarmer nitridhaltiger baustaehle
FR2225538A1 (de) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Hoogovens Ijmuiden Bv
FR2231758A1 (de) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Hoogovens Ijmuiden Bv
GB1425738A (en) * 1972-05-26 1976-02-18 Sumitomo Metal Ind High tensile steel
DE2703149A1 (de) * 1976-01-28 1977-08-04 Ugine Aciers Borhaltige staehle
DE2621330B2 (de) * 1976-05-14 1979-02-15 Fels-Werke Peine-Salzgitter Gmbh, 3380 Goslar Verfahren zum Herstellen vdn Bewehrungsstäben aus Stahl
DE3126984A1 (de) * 1980-07-09 1982-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kobe "stahl fuer den maschinenbau mit ausgezeichneter kaltschmiedbarkeit und zerspanbarkeit"

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT271532B (de) * 1964-02-20 1969-06-10 Krupp Ag Huettenwerke Stahl für langzeitig unter Zugbeanspruchung stehende Bauelemente, insbesondere Spannbetonstahl
GB1201031A (en) * 1966-04-15 1970-08-05 G K N South Wales Ltd Improvements relating to precipitation hardening steels
FR1542343A (fr) * 1966-11-17 1968-10-11 United States Steel Corp Procédé pour améliorer la résistance et la ténacité d'aciers
LU61472A1 (de) * 1970-08-04 1972-04-05
US3900347A (en) * 1974-08-27 1975-08-19 Armco Steel Corp Cold-drawn, straightened and stress relieved steel wire for prestressed concrete and method for production thereof
SU570657A1 (ru) * 1975-12-09 1977-08-30 Предприятие П/Я А-7615 Хладостойка сталь

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT193914B (de) * 1954-06-02 1957-12-10 Oesterr Alpine Montan Stahl für Bewehrungszwecke im Bauwesen
FR1424921A (fr) * 1965-02-18 1966-01-14 Huetten Und Bergwerke Rheinhau Acier à résistance élevée pour des éléments de construction placés pendant une longue durée sous un effort de traction, en particulier acier pour béton précontraint à résistance élevée vis-à-vis de la corrosion fissurante
DE1508408B1 (de) * 1965-02-25 1971-04-01 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Verfahren zur herstellung kohlenstoffarmer nitridhaltiger baustaehle
GB1425738A (en) * 1972-05-26 1976-02-18 Sumitomo Metal Ind High tensile steel
FR2225538A1 (de) * 1973-04-16 1974-11-08 Hoogovens Ijmuiden Bv
FR2231758A1 (de) * 1973-06-04 1974-12-27 Hoogovens Ijmuiden Bv
DE2703149A1 (de) * 1976-01-28 1977-08-04 Ugine Aciers Borhaltige staehle
DE2621330B2 (de) * 1976-05-14 1979-02-15 Fels-Werke Peine-Salzgitter Gmbh, 3380 Goslar Verfahren zum Herstellen vdn Bewehrungsstäben aus Stahl
DE3126984A1 (de) * 1980-07-09 1982-03-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho, Kobe "stahl fuer den maschinenbau mit ausgezeichneter kaltschmiedbarkeit und zerspanbarkeit"

Non-Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
I.M. MACKENZIE, "Niobium treated carbon steels", Congrès BISRA, 1963, pages 30 - 35 *
Metals Technology, Février 1976, pages 65 - 70 *
Micro Alloying 75 (1975), pages 26 - 29 *
R. PHILLIPS, "An analysis of the influence of some minor alloy additions on the mechanical properties of mild steel", Congrès BISRA, 1963, pages 36 - 40 *
Stahl und Eisen, 90 (1970), pages 613 - 660 *

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Publication number Publication date
DE2967517D1 (en) 1985-10-31
ATE15816T1 (de) 1985-10-15
EP0022134A1 (de) 1981-01-14

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