EP0019265A1 - Four-axle bogie - Google Patents

Four-axle bogie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0019265A1
EP0019265A1 EP80102643A EP80102643A EP0019265A1 EP 0019265 A1 EP0019265 A1 EP 0019265A1 EP 80102643 A EP80102643 A EP 80102643A EP 80102643 A EP80102643 A EP 80102643A EP 0019265 A1 EP0019265 A1 EP 0019265A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
main frame
bogie
bearing
bogie according
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80102643A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0019265B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Heinrich Dr.-Ing. Weber
Christian Dr.-Ing. Stiefel
Alfred Sinhoff
Ferdinand Weckmann
Franz Joseph Collienne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Publication date
Application filed by Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT80102643T priority Critical patent/ATE3106T1/en
Publication of EP0019265A1 publication Critical patent/EP0019265A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0019265B1 publication Critical patent/EP0019265B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/38Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61FRAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/08Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels
    • B61F3/10Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels with three or more axles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a four-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided in the center for supporting the car body with a rotary pan bearing and the four ends of which are supported on side walls, through which two axles are combined in pairs.
  • the axles are rigidly mounted in the side cheeks, which in turn are mounted in pairs on the main frame so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis.
  • This design results in large lateral starting forces for the axles located at the end of the bogie, which results in high wear.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a four-axle bogie of the type described, which has good running properties while avoiding the disadvantages of the known design with a simple construction and avoids large starting forces in particular with good cornering.
  • the side cheeks are each connected to the axle bearings of the two axles by means of a support which enables a movement which is movable on all sides, and in that the main frame is supported on the side cheeks by spring elements which, apart from a travel in the vertical direction, limit a limited amount Allow rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek as well as limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and at an angle thereto.
  • the bogie according to the invention in which the main frame is supported directly on the side bolsters while avoiding additional bearings, enables the individual axes to be automatically adjusted to the respective rail profile by the design according to the invention, so that not only large lateral jolts are avoided, but even when using identical ones Wheelsets wear on both the wheelsets and the rails is significantly reduced becomes.
  • This is achieved by the limited mobility of the side cheeks connecting two axles in each case, which can move around a pivot point lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheeks due to the supports between the axle bearings and the side cheeks designed according to the invention and the spring elements according to the invention between the side cheeks and the main frame.
  • the support arranged between each axle bearing and the associated side cheek can either be designed with a spherical bearing surface or be provided with an elastic bearing layer in order to enable the adjustment which can be moved on all sides.
  • the spring element between each end of the H-shaped main frame and the associated side cheek can be designed as a roller spring element which, in addition to the spring travel in the vertical direction and the limited rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek, also has a limited movement in the longitudinal direction. and transverse direction and a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions and at the same time causes a return to the central position, so that the spring element itself is loaded with restoring forces.
  • This can also be achieved by layered rubber springs or steel springs, preferably spirally wound steel springs.
  • two spring elements are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, as a result of which the restoring forces increase without impairing the automatic adjustability.
  • the invention further proposes to lower each side cheek in the area of the spring elements with respect to the area of the supports for the axle bearings.
  • a further development of the four-axle bogie according to the invention is achieved in that between the ends of the main frame lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction there is in each case a support which is articulated at both ends and on which at least one slide is arranged for lateral support of the car body on the bogie. This prevents undesirable inclinations of the car body when cornering.
  • the sliders can be supported resiliently on the carrier.
  • an undesirably high inclination of the car body relative to the bogie can also be prevented by arranging between the ends of the main frame, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, an articulated suspension at both ends with at least one air spring element, which with its upper part is connected to the vehicle chassis.
  • This embodiment of the carrier with at least one air spring element not only results in a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie, but also a damping of the rotary movement of the bogie opposite the car body so that rolling movements are combated. Since the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle undercarriage is relatively small, the air spring elements dampen the relative rotary movement without restricting this rotary movement to an impermissible degree.
  • the lower bearing part of the rotary cup bearing is arranged within the main frame in this way. is that the bearing surface is below the top edge of the main frame. This results in an integration of the rotary pan bearing lower part within the main frame and a low overall height, which is particularly advantageous when wheels of small diameter are preferably used.
  • the bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal member 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross members 1 b running parallel to one another.
  • the carriage body of the rail vehicle not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing.
  • the lower bearing part 1c of this rotary cup bearing can be seen in the drawing.
  • the four ends of the main frame 1, each lying in pairs one behind the other in the direction of travel, are each supported on a side cheek 2, through which two wheel sets 3 are combined.
  • Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c.
  • a support 5 is arranged between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2, which enables a limited adjustment that can be moved on all sides between the axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2.
  • this support 5 is designed for this purpose with a spherical bearing surface, as can be seen in the right part of FIG. 3.
  • the support 5 can also be provided with an elastic bearing layer.
  • the four ends of the main frame 1 are supported on the side cheeks 2 in the illustrated embodiment by two spring elements 6, as can best be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the side cheeks 2 in the area of these spring elements 6 are lowered relative to the area of the supports 5 for the axle bearings 4. This training can also be seen best in the right part of FIG. 2.
  • spring elements are used as spring element 6, the roller spring 6a of which is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring plate 6c.
  • This configuration can best be seen in the left part of FIG. 3.
  • these roller spring elements 6 allow limited movement of the side cheek 2 with respect to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the above-described limited mobility within the spring elements 6 of the side cheek 2 gives the possibility of also rotating about a pivot point relative to the main frame 1. This fulcrum lies in the longitudinal center of each side cheek 2 between the two spring elements 6.
  • the wheel sets 3 have the possibility of automatically adapting to the respective rail course when passing through a curved track.
  • the described design of the supports 5 and spring elements 6 ensures that the wheel sets 3 each return to the central position, so that the bogie also runs exactly straight guaranteed.
  • a carrier 7 is arranged between the ends lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the main frame 1, the ends of which are articulated on the cross members 1b of the main frame 1, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 5.
  • this carrier 7 carries a slider 8, on which the vehicle undercarriage 9 comes to rest when the car body is inclined.
  • the slide 8 is supported on the carrier 7 by compression springs 8a. These compression springs 8a are shown in broken lines in FIG. 1.
  • air spring elements can also be arranged, the lower part of which is connected to the carrier 7 and the upper part of which is connected to the vehicle underframe 9. These air spring elements have such a great mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part that they do not limit the slight rotational movement of the bogie relative to the vehicle underframe 9, but exert a damping effect through their restoring forces, which suppresses wobbling movements of the vehicle. With such air spring elements, not only a resilient support of the car body relative to the bogie can be achieved, but also a damping of the rotary movement.
  • an anti-lift device 10 is arranged between the main frame 1 or its cross members 1b and the side car 2.
  • a damper can be arranged if necessary, which dampens the adjusting movement of the axially arranged pairs 3 relative to the main frame 1. These dampers can be used to limit the adjustment movements at the same time.

Abstract

1. A four-axle bogie for rail vehicles, with an H-shaped main frame (1) which for supporting the car body is provided centrally with a socket bearing (1c) and is itself supported by way of its four ends centrally on side cheeks (2), each of which embraces two axles (3a) forming a pair, bearings (6, 4) being provided which allow movement compensation, characterised in that the beams (1b) of the main frame (1) which extend parallel to each other lie transversely to the running direction, that the ends of these transverse beams (1b) being supported on rigid side cheeks (2) by way of respective spring elements (6), each of which, in addition to a sprung movement in an upright direction, allows a limited rotating of each side cheek (2) about an axis of rotation lying on the middle of the length of the side cheek (2), and a limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse direction and also at an angle thereto, the side cheeks (2) being connected to the respective axle bearings (4) of the two axles (3a) by means of an over-bearing (5) which comprises spherical bearing surfaces and which allows movement adjustment on all sides.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein vierachsiges Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit einem H-förmigen Hauptrahmen, der zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist und dessen vier Enden sich auf Seitenwangen abstützen, durch welche jeweils zwei Achsen paarweise zusammengefaßt sind.The invention relates to a four-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided in the center for supporting the car body with a rotary pan bearing and the four ends of which are supported on side walls, through which two axles are combined in pairs.

Bei einem vierachsigen Drehgestell der voranstehend beschriebenen Art sind die Achsen starr in den Seitenwangen gelagert, welche ihrerseits paarweise um eine waagerechte Achse verschwenkbar am Hauptrahmen gelagert sind. Bei dieser Konstruktion ergeben sich große seitliche Anlaufkräfte für die jeweils am Ende des Drehgestells angeordneten Achsen und hieraus resultierend ein hoher Verschleiß. Um wegen der insgesamt starren Anordnung der Achsen und Seitenwangen die erforderliche Kurvengängigkeit zu erzielen, ist es bei dem bekannten Drehgestell außerdem erforderlich, die Spurkränze der beiden mittleren Radsätze schwächer auszubilden. Hierdurch ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, daß für die Räder der vier Achsen je nach deren Lage innerhalb des Drehgestells unterschiedliche Abmessungen erforderlich sind. Dies wirkt sich nicht nur negativ auf den Herstellungspreis aus, da anstelle einer großen zwei kleinere Serien für die Radsätze angefertigt werden müssen, sondern erfordert weiterhin einen größeren Aufwand für die Lagerhaltung.In a four-axle bogie of the type described above, the axles are rigidly mounted in the side cheeks, which in turn are mounted in pairs on the main frame so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis. This design results in large lateral starting forces for the axles located at the end of the bogie, which results in high wear. In order to achieve the required maneuverability in curves due to the overall rigid arrangement of the axles and side walls, it is also necessary with the known bogie to make the wheel flanges of the two middle wheel sets weaker. This results in the need for different dimensions for the wheels of the four axles depending on their position within the bogie are required. This not only has a negative impact on the manufacturing price, since instead of one large two smaller series have to be made for the wheel sets, it also requires a greater effort for warehousing.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein vierachsiges Drehgestell der eingangs beschriebenen Art zu schaffen, welches unter Vermeidung der Nachteile der bekannten Ausführung bei einfacher Konstruktion gute Laufeigenschaften besitzt und insbesondere bei guter Kurvengängigkeit große Anlaufkräfte vermeidet.The invention has for its object to provide a four-axle bogie of the type described, which has good running properties while avoiding the disadvantages of the known design with a simple construction and avoids large starting forces in particular with good cornering.

Diese Aufgabenstellung wird mit der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß die Seitenwangen jeweils mittels eines eine allseitig bewegliche Einstellung ermöglichenden Auflagers mit den Achslagern der beiden Achsen verbunden sind und daß der Hauptrahmen auf den Seitenwangen über Federelemente abgestützt ist, die außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Verdrehung jeder Seitenwange um eine in der Längsmitte der Seitenwange liegenden Drehachse sowie eine begrenzte Bewegung in Längs- und Querrichtung sowie im Winkel hierzu ermöglichen.This object is achieved with the invention in that the side cheeks are each connected to the axle bearings of the two axles by means of a support which enables a movement which is movable on all sides, and in that the main frame is supported on the side cheeks by spring elements which, apart from a travel in the vertical direction, limit a limited amount Allow rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek as well as limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and at an angle thereto.

Das erfindungsgemäße Drehgestell, bei welchem sich der Hauptrahmen unter Vermeidung zusätzlicher Lager unmittelbar auf den Seitenwangen abstützt, ermöglicht durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung eine selbsttätige Einstellung der einzelnen Achsen auf den jeweiligen Schienenverlauf, so daß nicht nur große seitliche Anlaufstöße vermieden werden, sondern selbst bei Verwendung identischer Radsätze der Verschleiß sowohl an den Radsätzen als auch an den Schienen erheblich herabgesetzt wird. Dies wird durch die begrenzte Beweglichkeit der jeweils zwei Achsen verbindenden Seitenwangen erzielt, die sich infolge der erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Auflager zwischen den Achslagern und den Seitenwangen und der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung der Federelemente zwischen Seitenwangen und Hauptrahmen um einen in der Längsmitte der Seitenwangen liegenden Drehpunkt bewegen können. Hierdurch ergibt sich trotz der unmittelbaren Verteilung der Last des Wagenkastens auf die vier Seitenwangen eine Einstellmöglichkeit der Radsätze, welche die Laufeigenschaften des Schienenfahrzeuges erheblich verbessert.The bogie according to the invention, in which the main frame is supported directly on the side bolsters while avoiding additional bearings, enables the individual axes to be automatically adjusted to the respective rail profile by the design according to the invention, so that not only large lateral jolts are avoided, but even when using identical ones Wheelsets wear on both the wheelsets and the rails is significantly reduced becomes. This is achieved by the limited mobility of the side cheeks connecting two axles in each case, which can move around a pivot point lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheeks due to the supports between the axle bearings and the side cheeks designed according to the invention and the spring elements according to the invention between the side cheeks and the main frame. In spite of the direct distribution of the load of the car body over the four side walls, this results in an adjustment possibility for the wheel sets, which considerably improves the running properties of the rail vehicle.

Das zwischen jedem Achslager und der zugehörigen Seitenwange angeordnete Auflager kann gemäß weiteren Merkmalen der Erfindung entweder mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche ausgebildet oder mit einer elastischen Lagerschicht versehen sein, um die allseitig bewegliche Einstellung zu ermöglichen.According to further features of the invention, the support arranged between each axle bearing and the associated side cheek can either be designed with a spherical bearing surface or be provided with an elastic bearing layer in order to enable the adjustment which can be moved on all sides.

Das Federelement zwischen jedem Ende des H-förmigen Hauptrahmens und der zugehörigen Seitenwange kann erfindungsgemäß als Rollfederelement ausgebildet werden, welches neben dem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung und der begrenzten Verdrehung jeder Seitenwange um eine in der Längsmitte der Seitenwange liegende Drehachse zusätzlich eine begrenzte Bewegung in Längs- und Querrichtung sowie eine Bewegung im Winkel zur Längs- und Querrichtung ermöglicht und hierbei zugleich eine Rückstellung in die Mittellage bewirkt, so daß das Federelement selbst mit Rückstellkräften belastet ist. Dies kann auch durch Gummischichtfedern oder Stahlfedern, vorzugsweise spiralförmig gewickelte Stahlfedern erreicht werden. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind jeweils zwei Federelemente in Längsrichtung der Seitenwange nebeneinander angeordnet, wodurch sich ohne Beeinträchtigung der selbsttätigen Einstellbarkeit die Rückstellkräfte erhöhen. Um die Bauhöhe des erfindungsgemä- βen Drehgestelles, welches vorzugsweise mit Rädern kleinen Durchmessers ausgestattet ist, zu verringern, wird mit der Erfindung weiterhin vorgeschlagen, jede Seitenwange im Bereich der Federelemente gegenüber dem Bereich der Auflager für die Achslager abzusenken.According to the invention, the spring element between each end of the H-shaped main frame and the associated side cheek can be designed as a roller spring element which, in addition to the spring travel in the vertical direction and the limited rotation of each side cheek about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek, also has a limited movement in the longitudinal direction. and transverse direction and a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions and at the same time causes a return to the central position, so that the spring element itself is loaded with restoring forces. This can also be achieved by layered rubber springs or steel springs, preferably spirally wound steel springs. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, two spring elements are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, as a result of which the restoring forces increase without impairing the automatic adjustability. In order to reduce the overall height of the bogie according to the invention, which is preferably equipped with small diameter wheels, the invention further proposes to lower each side cheek in the area of the spring elements with respect to the area of the supports for the axle bearings.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildung des vierachsigen Drehgestelles wird dadurch erreicht, daß zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens jweils ein an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängter Träger angeordnet wird, an dem mindestens ein Gleitstück zur seitlichen Abstützung des Wagenkastens auf dem Drehgestell angeordnet ist. Hierdurch werden unerwünschte Neigungen des Wagenkastens bei Kurvenfahrt verhindert. Die Gleitstücke können federnd am Träger abgestützt werden.A further development of the four-axle bogie according to the invention is achieved in that between the ends of the main frame lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction there is in each case a support which is articulated at both ends and on which at least one slide is arranged for lateral support of the car body on the bogie. This prevents undesirable inclinations of the car body when cornering. The sliders can be supported resiliently on the carrier.

Eine unerwünscht hohe Neigung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell kann gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal er Erfindung auch dadurch verhindert werden, daß zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens ein an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängter Träger mit mindestens einem Luftfederelement angeordnet wird, welches mit seinem Oberteil mit dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell verbunden ist. Diese Ausführungsform des Trägers mit mindestens einem Luftfederelement ergibt nicht nur eine federnde Abstützung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell, sondern auch eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Wagenkasten, so daß Schlingerbewegungen bekämpft werden. Da der Drehwinkel des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell verhältnismäßig klein ist, dämpfen die Luftfederelemente die relative Drehbewegung, ohne diese Drehbewegung in unzulässigem Maß zu begrenzen.According to a further feature of the invention, an undesirably high inclination of the car body relative to the bogie can also be prevented by arranging between the ends of the main frame, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, an articulated suspension at both ends with at least one air spring element, which with its upper part is connected to the vehicle chassis. This embodiment of the carrier with at least one air spring element not only results in a resilient support of the car body with respect to the bogie, but also a damping of the rotary movement of the bogie opposite the car body so that rolling movements are combated. Since the angle of rotation of the bogie relative to the vehicle undercarriage is relatively small, the air spring elements dampen the relative rotary movement without restricting this rotary movement to an impermissible degree.

Zur Vermeidung von Schwingungen kann es vorteilhaft sein, zwischen dem Hauptrahmen und den Seitenwangen jeweils mindestens einen Dämpfer anzuordnen. Schließlich ist es von Vorteil, wenn gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung das Lagerunterteil des Drehpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens derart angeordnet. wird, daß die Lagerfläche unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens liegt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine Integrierung des Drehpfannen-Lagerunterteils innerhalb des Hauptrahmens sowie insgesamt eine niedrige Bauhöhe, die insbesondere bei der vorzugsweisen Verwendung von Rädern kleinen Durchmessers von Vorteil ist.To avoid vibrations, it can be advantageous to arrange at least one damper between the main frame and the side walls. Finally, it is advantageous if, according to a further feature of the invention, the lower bearing part of the rotary cup bearing is arranged within the main frame in this way. is that the bearing surface is below the top edge of the main frame. This results in an integration of the rotary pan bearing lower part within the main frame and a low overall height, which is particularly advantageous when wheels of small diameter are preferably used.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestelles dargestellt, und zwar zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf das Drehgestell,
  • Fig. 2 eine teilweise gemäß der Schnittlinie II-II geschnittene Seitenansicht zu Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie III-III in Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Federelements,
  • Fig. 4 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie IV-IV in Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Auflagers und
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie V-V in Fig. 1 im Bereich der Aufhängung eines Trägers zur seitlichen Abstützung.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the bogie according to the invention is shown, namely:
  • 1 is a plan view of the bogie,
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1, partially cut along the section line II-II,
  • 3 shows a section along the section line III-III in FIG. 1 in the region of a spring element,
  • Fig. 4 shows a section along the section line IV-IV in Fig. 1 in the region of a support and
  • Fig. 5 shows a section along the section line VV in Fig. 1 in the region of the suspension of a carrier for lateral support.

Das Drehgestell besitzt einen insgesamt H-förmigen Hauptrahmen 1, der aus einem in Fahrtrichtung liegenden Längsträger 1a und zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Querträgern 1b zusammengesetzt ist. In der Mitte des Längsträgers 1a stützt sich der auf der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Wagenkasten des Schienenfahrzeuges mittels eines Drehpfannenlagers auf dem Hauptrahmen 1 ab. Von diesem Drehpfannenlager ist auf der Zeichnung das Lagerunterteil 1c zu erkennen. Die vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1, welche jeweils paarweise in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander liegen, stützen sich jeweils auf einer Seitenwange 2 ab, durch welche jeweils zwei Radsätze 3 zusammengefaßt sind. Jeder Radsatz 3 umfaßt eine Achse 3a, die mit Rädern 3b kleinen Durchmessers versehen ist und mit ihren seitlich hervorstehenden Achsschenkeln 3c in Achslagern 4 drehbar gelagert ist. Zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und der Seitenwange 2 ist ein Auflager 5 angeordnet, welches eine begrenzte, allseitig bewegliche Einstellung zwischen Achslager 4 und Seitenwange 2 ermöglicht. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist dieses Auflager 5 zu diesem Zweck mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche ausgebildet, wie dies im rechten Teil der Fig. 3 zu erkennen ist. Statt dieser sphärischen Lagerfläche - kann das Auflager 5 auch mit einer elastischen Lagerschicht versehen sein.The bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal member 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross members 1 b running parallel to one another. In the middle of the longitudinal member 1 a, the carriage body of the rail vehicle, not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing. The lower bearing part 1c of this rotary cup bearing can be seen in the drawing. The four ends of the main frame 1, each lying in pairs one behind the other in the direction of travel, are each supported on a side cheek 2, through which two wheel sets 3 are combined. Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c. A support 5 is arranged between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2, which enables a limited adjustment that can be moved on all sides between the axle bearing 4 and the side cheek 2. In the illustrated embodiment, this support 5 is designed for this purpose with a spherical bearing surface, as can be seen in the right part of FIG. 3. Instead of this spherical bearing surface, the support 5 can also be provided with an elastic bearing layer.

Die Abstützung der vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1 auf den Seitenwangen 2 erfolgt beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils durch zwei Federelemente 6, wie dies am besten in Fig. 2 zu erkennen ist. Um die Bauhöhe des Drehgestelles zu verringern, sind die Seitenwangen 2 im Bereich dieser Federelemente 6 gegenüber dem Bereich der Auflager 5 für die Achslager 4 abgesenkt. Auch diese Ausbildung läßt sich am besten im rechten Teil der Fig. 2 erkennen.The four ends of the main frame 1 are supported on the side cheeks 2 in the illustrated embodiment by two spring elements 6, as can best be seen in FIG. 2. To the height of the To reduce the bogie, the side cheeks 2 in the area of these spring elements 6 are lowered relative to the area of the supports 5 for the axle bearings 4. This training can also be seen best in the right part of FIG. 2.

Als Federelement 6 sind beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel Rollfederelemente verwendet, deren Rollfeder 6a zwischen einem unteren Federteller 6b und einem oberen Federteller 6c angeordnet ist, Diese Ausbildung ist am besten im linken Teil der Fig. 3 zu erkennen. Diese Rollfederelemente 6 ermöglichen außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Bewegung der Seitenwange 2 gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung und außerdem eine Bewegung im Winkel zur Längs- und Querrichtung. Trotz der Verwendung zweier in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander liegender Federelemente 6 gibt die voranstehend geschilderte begrenzte Beweglichkeit innerhalb der Federelemente 6 der Seitenwange 2 die Möglichkeit, sich außerdem um einen Drehpunkt gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 zu verdrehen. Dieser Drehpunkt liegt in der Längsmitte jeder Seitenwange 2 zwischen den beiden Federelementen 6.In the illustrated embodiment, spring elements are used as spring element 6, the roller spring 6a of which is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring plate 6c. This configuration can best be seen in the left part of FIG. 3. In addition to a spring travel in the vertical direction, these roller spring elements 6 allow limited movement of the side cheek 2 with respect to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions. Despite the use of two spring elements 6 lying one behind the other in the direction of travel, the above-described limited mobility within the spring elements 6 of the side cheek 2 gives the possibility of also rotating about a pivot point relative to the main frame 1. This fulcrum lies in the longitudinal center of each side cheek 2 between the two spring elements 6.

Durch die Verwendung der mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche versehenen Auflager 5 zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und den Seitenwangen 2 und durch die voranstehend geschilderte Beweglichkeit der Federelemente 6 besitzen die Radsätze 3 die Möglichkeit, sich beim Durchlaufen eines Gleisbogens selbsttätig an den jeweiligen Schienenverlauf anzupassen. Die geschilderte Ausbildung der Auflager 5 und Federelemente 6 sorgt hierbei dafür, daß die Radsätze 3 jeweils in die Mittellage zurückkehren, so daß das Drehgestell auch einen exakten Geradeauslauf gewährleistet.Through the use of the bearing 5 provided with a spherical bearing surface between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheeks 2 and through the above-described mobility of the spring elements 6, the wheel sets 3 have the possibility of automatically adapting to the respective rail course when passing through a curved track. The described design of the supports 5 and spring elements 6 ensures that the wheel sets 3 each return to the central position, so that the bogie also runs exactly straight guaranteed.

Um bei Kurvenfahrt eine unerwünschte Neigung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell zu verhindern, ist zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden auf beiden Seiten des Hauptrahmens 1 jeweils ein Träger 7 angeordnet, der mit seinen beiden Enden gelenkig an den Querträgern 1b des Hauptrahmens 1 aufgehängt ist, wie-dies die Figuren 1 und 5 erkennen lassen. Beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel trägt dieser Träger 7 ein Gleitstück 8, auf welchem das Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 zur Anlage kommt, wenn sich der Wagenkasten neigt. Um eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Wagenkasten zu erreichen und eine schlagartige Begrenzung der Neigung zu vermeiden, ist das Gleitstück 8 durch Druckfedern 8a auf dem Träger 7 abgestützt. Diese Druckfedern 8a sind gestrichelt in Fig. 1 eingezeichnet. Anstelle derartiger Gleitstücke 8 können auch Luftfederelemente angeordnet werden, deren Unterteil mit dem Träger 7 und deren Oberteil mit dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 verbunden ist. Diese Luftfederelemente besitzen eine derart große Beweglichkeit des Oberteils gegenüber dem Unterteil, daß sie die geringe Drehbewegung des Drehgestelles gegenüber dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell 9 nicht begrenzen, durch ihre Rückstellkräfte jedoch eine Dämpfungswirkung ausüben, welche Schlingerbewegungen des Fahrzeuges unterdrückt. Mit derartigen Luftfederelementen kann somit nicht nur eine federnde Abstützung des Wagenkastens gegenüber dem Drehgestell erreicht werden, sondern auch eine Dämpfung der Drehbewegung.In order to prevent an undesired inclination of the car body relative to the bogie when cornering, a carrier 7 is arranged between the ends lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction on both sides of the main frame 1, the ends of which are articulated on the cross members 1b of the main frame 1, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 5. In the illustrated embodiment, this carrier 7 carries a slider 8, on which the vehicle undercarriage 9 comes to rest when the car body is inclined. In order to dampen the rotary movement of the bogie relative to the car body and to avoid a sudden limitation of the inclination, the slide 8 is supported on the carrier 7 by compression springs 8a. These compression springs 8a are shown in broken lines in FIG. 1. Instead of such sliders 8, air spring elements can also be arranged, the lower part of which is connected to the carrier 7 and the upper part of which is connected to the vehicle underframe 9. These air spring elements have such a great mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part that they do not limit the slight rotational movement of the bogie relative to the vehicle underframe 9, but exert a damping effect through their restoring forces, which suppresses wobbling movements of the vehicle. With such air spring elements, not only a resilient support of the car body relative to the bogie can be achieved, but also a damping of the rotary movement.

In Fig. 5 ist schließlich zu erkennen, daß zwischen dem Hauptrahmen 1 bzw. dessen Querträgern 1b und den Seitenwagen 2 eine Aushebsicherung 10 angeordnet ist. Zusätzlich zur Aushebesicherung 10 kann bei Bedarf auch ein Dämpfer angeordnet werden, der die Einstellbewegung der paarweise angeordneten Achsen 3 gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 dämpft. Diese Dämpfer können gleichzeitig zur Begrenzung der Einstellbewegungen herangezogen werden.In Fig. 5 it can finally be seen that an anti-lift device 10 is arranged between the main frame 1 or its cross members 1b and the side car 2. To In addition to the anti-lift device 10, a damper can be arranged if necessary, which dampens the adjusting movement of the axially arranged pairs 3 relative to the main frame 1. These dampers can be used to limit the adjustment movements at the same time.

Bei dem in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel des Drehgestelles besitzt dieses Räder 3b mit kleinem Durchmesser. Damit die Bauhöhe des Drehgestelles den geringen Abmessungen der Räder 3b angepaßt werden kann, ist gemäß Fig. 2 das Lagerunterteil 1c des Drehpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens 1 derart angeordnet, daß die Lagerfläche unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens 1 liegt. Das Lagerunterteil 1c ist somit im Hauptrahmen 1 integriert, so daß das Drehgestell insgesamt nur eine sehr niedrige Bauhöhe aufweist, Bezugsziffernliste:

  • 1 Hauptrahmen
  • 1a Längsträger
  • 1b Querträger
  • 1c Lagerunterteil
  • 2 Seitenwange
  • 3 Radsatz
  • 3a Achse
  • 3b Rad
  • 3c Achsschenkel
  • 4 Achslager
  • 5 Auflager
  • 6 Federelement
  • 6a Rollfeder
  • 6b Federteller
  • 6c Federteller
  • 7 Träger
  • 8 Gleitstück
  • 8a Druckfeder
  • 9 Fahrzeug-Untergestell
  • 10 Aushebesicherung
In the embodiment of the bogie shown in the drawing, this wheel 3b has a small diameter. So that the height of the bogie can be adapted to the small dimensions of the wheels 3b, the lower bearing part 1c of the rotary pan bearing is arranged within the main frame 1 in accordance with FIG. 2 such that the bearing surface lies below the upper edge of the main frame 1. The lower bearing part 1c is thus integrated in the main frame 1, so that the bogie overall has only a very low overall height, List of reference numbers:
  • 1 main frame
  • 1a side member
  • 1b cross member
  • 1c lower part of the bearing
  • 2 side walls
  • 3 wheelset
  • 3a axis
  • 3b wheel
  • 3c steering knuckle
  • 4 axle bearings
  • 5 supports
  • 6 spring element
  • 6a roller spring
  • 6b spring plate
  • 6c spring plate
  • 7 carriers
  • 8 slider
  • 8a compression spring
  • 9 Vehicle underframe
  • 10 anti-lift device

Claims (11)

1. Vierachsiges Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit einem H-förmigen Hauptrahmen, der zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist und dessen vier Enden sich auf Seitenwangen abstützen, durch welche jeweils zwei Achsen paarweise zusammengefaßt sind,
dadurch gekennzeichnet ,
daß die Seitenwangen (2) jweils mittels eines eine allseitig bewegliche Einstellung ermöglichenden Auflagers (5) mit den Achslagern (4) der beiden Achsen (3a) verbunden sind und daß der Hauptrahmen (1) auf den Seitenwangen (2) über Federelemente (6) abgestützt ist, die außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Verdrehung jeder Seitenwange (2) um eine in der Längsmitte der Seitenwange (2) liegende Drehachse sowie eine begrenzte Bewegung in Längs- und Querrichtung sowie im Winkel hierzu ermöglichen.
1. Four-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided with a rotating pan bearing in the center to support the car body and the four ends of which are supported on side walls, through which two axles are combined in pairs,
characterized ,
that the side walls (2) are each connected to the axle bearings (4) of the two axles (3a) by means of a support (5) that enables adjustment on all sides, and that the main frame (1) on the side walls (2) via spring elements (6) is supported, which, in addition to a spring travel in the vertical direction, allows limited rotation of each side cheek (2) about an axis of rotation lying in the longitudinal center of the side cheek (2) as well as limited movement in the longitudinal and transverse directions and at an angle thereto.
2. Drehgestell nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Auflager (5) zwischen jedem Achslager (4) und der zugehörigen Seitenwange (2) mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche ausgebildet ist.2. Bogie according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (5) between each axle bearing (4) and the associated side cheek (2) is formed with a spherical bearing surface. 3. Drehgestell nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Auflager (5) zwischen jedem Achslager (4) und der zugehörigen Seitenwange (2) mit einer elastischen Lagerschicht versehen ist.3. Bogie according to claim 1, characterized in that the support (5) between each axle bearing (4) and the associated side cheek (2) is provided with an elastic bearing layer. 4. Drehgestell nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Federelement (6) zwischen jedem Ende des H-förmigen Hauptrahmens (1) und der zugehörigen Seitenwange (2) als Rollfederelement ausgebildet ist.4. Bogie according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the spring element (6) between each end of the H-shaped main frame (1) and the associated side cheek (2) is designed as a roller spring element. 5. Drehgestell nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeweils zwei Federelemente (6) in Längsrichtung der Seitenwange (2) nebeneinander angeordnet sind.5. Bogie according to claim 4, characterized in that two spring elements (6) in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek (2) are arranged side by side. 6. Drehgestell nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Seitenwange (2) im Bereich der Federelemente (6) gegenüber dem Bereich der Auflager (5) für die Achslager (4) abgesenkt ist.6. Bogie according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that each side cheek (2) in the region of the spring elements (6) is lowered relative to the region of the supports (5) for the axle bearings (4). 7. Drehgestell nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens (1) jeweils ein an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängter Träger (7) angeordnet ist, an dem mindestens ein Gleitstück (8) zur seitlichen Abstützung des Wagenkastens auf dem Drehgestell angeordnet ist.7. Bogie according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the ends of the main frame (1) lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction there is in each case a support (7) which is articulated at its two ends and on which at least one slider (8 ) is arranged for lateral support of the car body on the bogie. 8. Drehgestell nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gleitstücke (8) federnd am Träger (7) abgestützt sind.8. Bogie according to claim 7, characterized in that the sliding pieces (8) are resiliently supported on the carrier (7). 9. Drehgestell nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen den in Längsrichtung hintereinander liegenden Enden des Hauptrahmens (1) ein an seinen beiden Enden gelenkig aufgehängter Träger (7) mit mindestens einem Luftfederelement angeordnet ist, welches mit seinem Oberteil mit dem Fahrzeug-Untergestell (9) verbunden ist.9. bogie according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that between the ends of the main frame (1) lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, an articulated at both ends of the support (7) is arranged with at least one air spring element, which with its upper part is connected to the vehicle chassis (9). 10, Drehgestell nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Hauptrahmen (1) und den Seitenwangen (2) jeweils mindestens ein Dämpfer (10) angeordnet ist.10, bogie according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one damper (10) is arranged between the main frame (1) and the side cheeks (2). 11. Drehgestell nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Lagerunterteil (1c) des Drehpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens (1) derart angeordnet ist, daß die Lagerfläche unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens (1) liegt.11. Bogie according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the lower bearing part (1c) of the rotary pan bearing is arranged within the main frame (1) such that the bearing surface is below the upper edge of the main frame (1).
EP80102643A 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 Four-axle bogie Expired EP0019265B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80102643T ATE3106T1 (en) 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 FOUR-AXLE BODY.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2919635A DE2919635C2 (en) 1979-05-16 1979-05-16 Four-axle bogie
DE2919635 1979-05-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0019265A1 true EP0019265A1 (en) 1980-11-26
EP0019265B1 EP0019265B1 (en) 1983-04-20

Family

ID=6070800

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80102643A Expired EP0019265B1 (en) 1979-05-16 1980-05-13 Four-axle bogie

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0019265B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE3106T1 (en)
DD (1) DD150578A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2919635C2 (en)
DK (1) DK155154C (en)
ES (1) ES8100987A1 (en)
NO (1) NO148844C (en)
PL (1) PL124025B1 (en)
YU (1) YU40598B (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2528782A1 (en) * 1982-06-16 1983-12-23 Talbot Waggonfab BOGIE
EP0100893A2 (en) * 1982-08-10 1984-02-22 Waggonfabrik Talbot Three axles bogie for railway vehicles
AT412716B (en) * 2003-02-03 2005-06-27 Klaus Dr Riessberger COUPLING DEVICE FOR CONNECTING TWO TEACHING SPACES
WO2016073031A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-12 Kasgro Rail Corp. Method of manufacturing a multiple axle railcar having a span bolster
WO2021017125A1 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 Locomotive four-axle bogie

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3801117A1 (en) * 1988-01-16 1989-08-03 Talbot Waggonfab UNIT WITH CONTINUOUSLY LOW-SLEEPING WALL FLOOR
AT394980B (en) * 1988-03-30 1992-08-10 Sgp Verkehrstechnik Four-axis bogie for rail vehicles
FI83854C (en) * 1989-11-01 1991-09-10 Rautaruukki Oy Low bogie construction

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FR427394A (en) * 1911-03-15 1911-08-02 Herbert Hills Hewitt Railroad vehicle bogie
US2089110A (en) * 1932-02-06 1937-08-03 Bugatti Ettore Railway or track vehicle
US2242371A (en) * 1938-12-19 1941-05-20 Buckeye Steel Castings Co Car truck
US3006290A (en) * 1958-06-23 1961-10-31 American Steel Foundries Railway car truck
US3179065A (en) * 1962-01-22 1965-04-20 Amsted Ind Inc Eight wheel railway car truck structure
US3348500A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-10-24 Adirondack Steel Casting Co In Eight wheel railway truck with span bolster
FR2243855A1 (en) * 1973-09-13 1975-04-11 Creusot Loire
CH578447A5 (en) * 1975-08-27 1976-08-13 Schmid Kuenzli Robert Railway vehicle bogie with pivoted axles - has single axle bogies with stabilising elements for following track curves
EP0004585A1 (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-17 Waggon Union GmbH Supporting device for the elastic side support of a railway waggon on its under carriage, in particular its bogie

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AT300024B (en) * 1969-05-27 1972-07-10 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Frame for a three- or multi-axle drive of a rail vehicle
US3712246A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-01-23 Gen Steel Ind Inc Elastomerically articulated railway truck
DE2444013C3 (en) * 1974-09-14 1986-05-07 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Chassis for heavy-duty rail vehicles, in particular steelworks vehicles

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR427394A (en) * 1911-03-15 1911-08-02 Herbert Hills Hewitt Railroad vehicle bogie
US2089110A (en) * 1932-02-06 1937-08-03 Bugatti Ettore Railway or track vehicle
US2242371A (en) * 1938-12-19 1941-05-20 Buckeye Steel Castings Co Car truck
US3006290A (en) * 1958-06-23 1961-10-31 American Steel Foundries Railway car truck
US3179065A (en) * 1962-01-22 1965-04-20 Amsted Ind Inc Eight wheel railway car truck structure
US3348500A (en) * 1965-01-08 1967-10-24 Adirondack Steel Casting Co In Eight wheel railway truck with span bolster
FR2243855A1 (en) * 1973-09-13 1975-04-11 Creusot Loire
CH578447A5 (en) * 1975-08-27 1976-08-13 Schmid Kuenzli Robert Railway vehicle bogie with pivoted axles - has single axle bogies with stabilising elements for following track curves
EP0004585A1 (en) * 1978-04-10 1979-10-17 Waggon Union GmbH Supporting device for the elastic side support of a railway waggon on its under carriage, in particular its bogie

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2528782A1 (en) * 1982-06-16 1983-12-23 Talbot Waggonfab BOGIE
EP0100893A2 (en) * 1982-08-10 1984-02-22 Waggonfabrik Talbot Three axles bogie for railway vehicles
EP0100893A3 (en) * 1982-08-10 1986-01-08 Waggonfabrik Talbot Three axles bogie for railway vehicles
AT412716B (en) * 2003-02-03 2005-06-27 Klaus Dr Riessberger COUPLING DEVICE FOR CONNECTING TWO TEACHING SPACES
WO2016073031A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-12 Kasgro Rail Corp. Method of manufacturing a multiple axle railcar having a span bolster
WO2021017125A1 (en) * 2019-07-31 2021-02-04 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 Locomotive four-axle bogie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE3106T1 (en) 1983-05-15
ES491198A0 (en) 1980-12-01
DK155154C (en) 1989-07-10
DE2919635A1 (en) 1980-11-20
YU114380A (en) 1983-02-28
EP0019265B1 (en) 1983-04-20
DD150578A5 (en) 1981-09-09
ES8100987A1 (en) 1980-12-01
YU40598B (en) 1986-02-28
DK189880A (en) 1980-11-17
NO148844B (en) 1983-09-19
NO801440L (en) 1980-11-17
NO148844C (en) 1983-12-28
DE2919635C2 (en) 1982-12-02
DK155154B (en) 1989-02-20
PL124025B1 (en) 1982-12-31
PL224283A1 (en) 1981-02-27

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